BACKGROUND Cognitive frailty and depression are prevalent among the elderly,significantly impairing physical and cognitive functions,psychological well-being,and quality of life.Effective interventions are essential t...BACKGROUND Cognitive frailty and depression are prevalent among the elderly,significantly impairing physical and cognitive functions,psychological well-being,and quality of life.Effective interventions are essential to mitigate these adverse effects and enhance overall health outcomes in this population.AIM To evaluate the effects of exercise-cognitive dual-task training on frailty,cognitive function,psychological status,and quality of life in elderly patients with cognitive frailty and depression.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 130 patients with cognitive frailty and depression admitted between December 2021 and December 2023.Patients were divided into a control group receiving routine intervention and an observation group undergoing exercise-cognitive dual-task training in addition to routine care.Frailty,cognitive function,balance and gait,psychological status,and quality of life were assessed before and after the intervention.RESULTS After the intervention,the frailty score of the observation group was(5.32±0.69),lower than that of the control group(5.71±0.55).The Montreal cognitive assessment basic scale score in the observation group was(24.06±0.99),higher than the control group(23.43±1.40).The performance oriented mobility assessment score in the observation group was(21.81±1.24),higher than the control group(21.15±1.26).The self-efficacy in the observation group was(28.27±2.66),higher than the control group(30.05±2.66).The anxiety score in the hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS)for the observation group was(5.86±0.68),lower than the control group(6.21±0.64).The depression score in the HADS for the observation group was(5.67±0.75),lower than the control group(6.27±0.92).Additionally,the scores for each dimension of the 36-item short form survey in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Exercise-cognitive dual-task training is beneficial for improving frailty,enhancing cognitive function,and improving psychological status and quality of life in elderly patients with cognitive frailty and depression.展开更多
Background Schizophrenia is characterised by pervasive cognitive deficits that significantly impair daily functioning and quality of life.Pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy in addressing these deficits,h...Background Schizophrenia is characterised by pervasive cognitive deficits that significantly impair daily functioning and quality of life.Pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy in addressing these deficits,highlighting the need for adjunctive interventions like computerised cognitive training(CCT).Aims This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 30-session CCT programme on mental well-being and cognitive performance in individuals with schizophrenia.Additionally,it assessed the usability and acceptability of CCT in this population.Methods A double-blind,randomised clinical trial was conducted with 54 participants assigned to intervention and control groups.Cognitive and mental health outcomes were assessed using validated tools such as the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21,the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery.Usability was measured with the System Usability Scale(SUS).Assessments were conducted at baseline,post-intervention and 3 months post-follow-up.Results The CCT intervention significantly improved mental well-being,reduced stress and enhanced working memory(paired associate learning,spatial working memory and spatial span)compared with controls.However,no significant effects were observed for anxiety,depression or executive function.Usability scores were high(SUS=83.51),and compliance rates were strong(92.7%),indicating favourable participant engagement.Conclusion CCT demonstrated potential as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia,with significant improvements in targeted cognitive and mental health domains.The high usability and compliance rates support its feasibility for broader implementation.Further research is needed to optimise protocols and explore long-term benefits.CCT offers a promising approach to addressing mental health and cognitive challenges in schizophrenia,particularly for stress and working memory.Its usability and acceptability suggest it could be seamlessly integrated into clinical practice.展开更多
Background Evidence on the effects of different exercise interventions on cognitive function is insufficient.Aims To evaluate the feasibility and effects of remotely supervised aerobic exercise(AE)and resistance exerc...Background Evidence on the effects of different exercise interventions on cognitive function is insufficient.Aims To evaluate the feasibility and effects of remotely supervised aerobic exercise(AE)and resistance exercise(RE)interventions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment(MCI).Methods This study is a 6-month pilot three-arm randomised controlled trial.Eligible participants(n=108)were recruited and randomised to the AE group,RE group or control(CON)group with a 1:1:1 ratio.Interventions were delivered at home with remote supervision.We evaluated participants’global cognition,memory,executive function,attention,physical activity levels,physical performance and muscle strength of limbs at baseline,3 months(T1)and 6 months(T2)after randomisation.A linear mixed-effects model was adopted for data analyses after controlling for covariates.Tukey’s method was used for adjusting for multiple comparisons.Sensitivity analyses were performed after excluding individuals with low compliance rates.Results 15(13.89%)participants dropped out.The median compliance rates in the AE group and RE group were 67.31%and 93.27%,respectively.After adjusting for covariates,the scores of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale in the AE group decreased by 2.04(95%confidence interval(CI)−3.41 to−0.67,t=−2.94,p=0.004)and 1.53(95%CI−2.88 to−0.17,t=−2.22,p=0.028)points more than those in the CON group at T1 and T2,respectively.The effects of AE were still significant at T1(estimate=−1.70,95%CI−3.20 to−0.21,t=−2.69,p=0.021),but lost statistical significance at T2 after adjusting for multiple comparisons.As for executive function,the Stroop time interference in the RE group decreased by 11.76 s(95%CI−21.62 to−1.90,t=−2.81,p=0.015)more than that in the AE group at T2 after Tukey’s adjustment.No other significant effects on cognitive functions were found.Conclusions Both remotely supervised AE and RE programmes are feasible in older adults with MCI.AE has positive effects on global cognition,and RE improves executive function.展开更多
The cognitive load plays a key role in surgical education,influencingtask performance and skill acquisition.This review explores three primary approaches to assessing cognitive load in the surgical context—paper-base...The cognitive load plays a key role in surgical education,influencingtask performance and skill acquisition.This review explores three primary approaches to assessing cognitive load in the surgical context—paper-based measures,physiological measures,and performance-based measures—and highlights their relevance and applications in surgical education.Paper-based tools,such as the NASA Task Load Index and its surgical adaptation,the Surgery Task Load Index,offer simplicity but lack realtime insight.Physiological measures,including heart rate,eye tracking,and electrodermal activity,provide objective and timely data.Neuroimaging techniques,such as electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy,provide direct evidence of brain activity but face challenges such as cost and complexity.Performance-based metrics,such as secondary tasks,infer cognitive load from working memory capacity.Accurate assessment of cognitive load can improve training outcomes by adapting demands to cognitive capacity.Future directions include the development of more accurate,multimodal,and user-friendly tools for dynamic,timely assessment,ultimately advancing personalized surgical training and improving patient care.展开更多
This paper, with the training of the international talents possessing remarkable English listening and speaking ability,mainly discusses the specific application of the cognitive strategy in different stages of colleg...This paper, with the training of the international talents possessing remarkable English listening and speaking ability,mainly discusses the specific application of the cognitive strategy in different stages of college English listening comprehension.It is expected that the paper can bring some useful enlightenments on the international talents training.展开更多
Objective We investigated the feasibility and efficacy of cognitive training for older adults in rura settings and with low education levels, who have mild cognitive impairment （MCl）. Methods Forty-five older adults...Objective We investigated the feasibility and efficacy of cognitive training for older adults in rura settings and with low education levels, who have mild cognitive impairment （MCl）. Methods Forty-five older adults （ages 〉65 years） with MCI were assigned to treatment or control groups, at a 2：1 ratio. Cognitive training occurred in the treatment group for 2 months. The cognitive abilities of the participants were assessed at pre-training, metaphase, and post-training time points, using the Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE）, Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA）, Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment （LOTCA）, and Hamilton Depression Scale （HAM-D）. Results Following training, cognitive abilities improved in the treatment group, based on the total scores of all 4 measures, as well as specifically on the MoCA and LOTCA. There were differences in the main effects of group and time point on some subscales, but these differences had little, if any, effect on the overall analyses. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that cognitive training has beneficial effects on attention, language, orientation, visual perception, organization of visual movement, and logical questioning in patients with MCI. Furthermore, the observed effects are long-term changes.展开更多
Managing memory deficits is a central problem among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study examined the effects of memory training on memory performance in an understudied “oldest-old” populat...Managing memory deficits is a central problem among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study examined the effects of memory training on memory performance in an understudied “oldest-old” population ranging in age from 90 to 99 years. Eighteen mild to moderately cognitive-impaired older seniors, 90 years and older were recruited from memory clinics established in senior living communities. Treatment sessions took place, on average, twice weekly, for 55 minutes. Memory intervention included nineteen computer-based exercises customized to focus on memory loss. The specificity of memory training was very clear;memory training produced significant effects (F(3,51) = 2.81, p = 0.05) on memory performance, especially after 6 months of training, while other outcome measures showed no effects as predicted. Based on the results, it can be concluded that interventions targeting cognition and memory in the oldest-old MCI population can significantly improve memory function and reduce cognitive deficits.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect of visual training on cognitive function in stoke patients.Methods:Eighty stroke patients with cognitive dysfunction were divided into two groups(n?40 in each group).The control group r...Objective:To observe the effect of visual training on cognitive function in stoke patients.Methods:Eighty stroke patients with cognitive dysfunction were divided into two groups(n?40 in each group).The control group received conventional rehabilitation therapies.The experimental group received visual training in addition to the conventional therapies.This training was administered for 30 min once a day,five times a week,for four weeks.All patients were screened with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)both before and after the four weeks of intervention.Results:After the four-week intervention,patients in the experimental group increased their scores for attention and concentration,executive function,memory,visual skills,abstract thinking,calculation,and directional force,as well as their total standard score(p<0.01).The patients in the control group also increased their scores in the executive function,visual skills and abstract thinking,as well as their total standard score(p<0.05).However,the experimental group scored higher than the control group for both the individual and total standard scores(p<0.05).Conclusion:Visual training could improve cognitive function of patients with stroke.展开更多
The human brain is highly plastic.Cognitive training is usually used to modify functional connectivity of brain networks.Moreover,the structures of brain networks may determine its dynamic behavior which is related to...The human brain is highly plastic.Cognitive training is usually used to modify functional connectivity of brain networks.Moreover,the structures of brain networks may determine its dynamic behavior which is related to human cognitive abilities.To study the effect of functional connectivity on the brain dynamics,the dynamic model based on functional connections of the brain and the Hindmarsh–Rose model is utilized in this work.The resting-state fMRI data from the experimental group undergoing abacus-based mental calculation(AMC)training and from the control group are used to construct the functional brain networks.The dynamic behavior of brain at the resting and task states for the AMC group and the control group are simulated with the above-mentioned dynamic model.In the resting state,there are the differences of brain activation between the AMC group and the control group,and more brain regions are inspired in the AMC group.A stimulus with sinusoidal signals to brain networks is introduced to simulate the brain dynamics in the task states.The dynamic characteristics are extracted by the excitation rates,the response intensities and the state distributions.The change in the functional connectivity of brain networks with the AMC training would in turn improve the brain response to external stimulus,and make the brain more efficient in processing tasks.展开更多
BACKGROUND The severe physical and psychological impact of pain on the physical and mental health of women during labor leads to increased risks and complications during childbirth,presenting a major public health con...BACKGROUND The severe physical and psychological impact of pain on the physical and mental health of women during labor leads to increased risks and complications during childbirth,presenting a major public health concern.Some studies have shown that cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)has a positive effect on maternal psychology during delivery,reducing stress and shortening labor time.Thus,CBT training for mothers and delivery room staff may be beneficial in minimizing complications and adverse effects during natural birth.AIM To investigate the clinical effects of CBT training and psychological care during delivery,and their therapeutic effects on women in labor.METHODS This study used a retrospective analysis and included 140 mothers admitted to the maternity ward between January 2021 and January 2023.The study subjects were randomized into two groups:control(n=70)and observation(n=70).Routine care,CBT training,and psychological care were provided to mothers in both groups.Psychological status scores,delivery time,and satisfaction with care pre-and post-delivery were compared,and the incidence of complications after receiving care was analyzed between the two groups.RESULTS Although the psychological state of both groups improved significantly in the late stages of labor,the psychological state scores of the mothers in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the mothers in the control group(P<0.05).The duration of labor and incidence of complications in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The mothers in the observation group were significantly more satisfied with nursing care during the course of labor than those in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION CBT training and psychological care for mothers in the midwifery process can effectively improve anxiety and depression,shorten labor duration,reduce postnatal complications,and improve nursing satisfaction and nurse-patient relationships.Its clinical application is effective and has popularization value,providing a new way to protect maternal mental health.展开更多
Married female adolescents are the most vulnerable people that culturally marry with their parents’ permission in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of stress inoculation training (SIT) on cognit...Married female adolescents are the most vulnerable people that culturally marry with their parents’ permission in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of stress inoculation training (SIT) on cognitive emotional regulation (CER) in these women. The method of this research was semi-experiment with pretest and posttest. The statistical society was the married adolescent female students from Qom high schools (80 people). First, they were assessed by cognitive emotional regulation questionnaire to find the subjects under the CER cut of point (55 people). Then 30 participants were randomly selected and were equally divided into experimental and control groups. The entry criteria for samples were female married students between 17 and 19 from low socioeconomic income. The experimental group received 8 sessions of SIT training while there was no intervention for control group. Results from MANCOVA analysis showed that there were significant differences between groups on cognitive emotional regulation in post-test. The data of pretest were the covariate factor. Finding suggests SIT is effective for cognitive emotional regulation in vulnerable married female adolescents. In addition, this training method elevates positive emotional strategies, which correlate with planning, focusing and organizing the emotions. In contrast, except self and the others blaming, negative emotional strategies differed slightly.展开更多
The effects of a memory training paradigm on performance across multiple cognitive domains, measured via the Cognistat, in 70 - 89 year-old individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), were examined. Memory train...The effects of a memory training paradigm on performance across multiple cognitive domains, measured via the Cognistat, in 70 - 89 year-old individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), were examined. Memory training sessions were conducted on average twice weekly, for 55 minutes each session, for 9 months. Across the testing period, Cognistat-measured memory increased relative to performance in other cognitive domains. Additionally, performance on non-memory measures remained stable or declined. Thus, memory training in older adult, MCI individuals may result in improved memory, but not in improvement in other, non-memory, cognitive domains. Results replicate previous work examining “oldest-old” individuals ranging in age from 90 to 99 years old at the time of study start.展开更多
Cognitive impairments are commonly observed in patients with multiple sclerosis and are associated with lower levels of quality of life.No consensus has been reached on how to tackle effectively cognitive decline in t...Cognitive impairments are commonly observed in patients with multiple sclerosis and are associated with lower levels of quality of life.No consensus has been reached on how to tackle effectively cognitive decline in this clinical population non-pharmacologically.This exploratory case-control study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a hypothesis-based cognitive training designed to target multiple domains by promoting the synchronous co-activation of different brain areas and thereby improve cognition and induce changes in functional connectivity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Forty-five patients(36 females and 9 males,mean age 44.62±8.80 years)with clinically stable relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis were assigned to either a standard cognitive training or to control groups(sham training and nonactive control).The standard training included twenty sessions of computerized exercises involving various cognitive functions supported by distinct brain networks.The sham training was a modified version of the standard training that comprised the same exercises and number of sessions but with increased processing speed load.The non-active control group received no cognitive training.All patients underwent comprehensive neuropsychological and magnetic resonance imaging assessments at baseline and after 5 weeks.Cognitive and resting-state magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed using repeated measures models.At reassessment,the standard training group showed significant cognitive improvements compared to both control groups in memory tasks not specifically targeted by the training:the Buschke Selective Reminding Test and the Semantic Fluency test.The standard training group showed reductions in functional connectivity of the salience network,in the anterior cingulate cortex,associated with improvements on the Buschke Selective Reminding Test.No changes were observed in the sham training group.These findings suggest that multi-domain training that stimulates multiple brain areas synchronously may improve cognition in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis if sufficient time to process training material is allowed.The associated reduction in functional connectivity of the salience network suggests that training-induced neuroplastic functional reorganization may be the mechanism supporting performance gains.This study was approved by the Regional Ethics Committee of Yorkshire and Humber(approval No.12/YH/0474)on November 20,2013.展开更多
The organization of the brain follows a topologi-cal hierarchy that changes dynamically during development.However,it remains unknown whether and how cognitive training administered over multiple years during develop-...The organization of the brain follows a topologi-cal hierarchy that changes dynamically during development.However,it remains unknown whether and how cognitive training administered over multiple years during develop-ment can modify this hierarchical topology.By measuring the brain and behavior of school children who had carried out abacus-based mental calculation(AMC)training for five years(starting from 7 years to 12 years old)in pre-training and post-training,we revealed the reshaping effect of long-term AMC intervention during development on the brain hierarchical topology.We observed the development-induced emergence of the default network,AMC training-promoted shifting,and regional changes in cortical gradi-ents.Moreover,the training-induced gradient changes were located in visual and somatomotor areas in association with the visuospatial/motor-imagery strategy.We found that gradient-based features can predict the math ability within groups.Our findings provide novel insights into the dynamic nature of network recruitment impacted by long-term cognitive training during development.展开更多
Neurotrophins,and growth factors in general,are proteins which exert many actions in central nervous system neurons.Neurotrophins promote the survival and neuronal function of neurons and exert neuroprotective effects...Neurotrophins,and growth factors in general,are proteins which exert many actions in central nervous system neurons.Neurotrophins promote the survival and neuronal function of neurons and exert neuroprotective effects in pathological models of neurodegenerative diseases.In humans several clinical trials based on the use of these proteins have been carried out. Among them, it is worth to mention gene ther- apy especially in Parkinson＇s disease （PD） （Kordower and Bjorklund, 2013）, and a series of experiments using vectors capable of carrying neurotrophins in the selected target re- gion where they can exert their beneficial action （Ghosh et al., 2014）.展开更多
The development of cognitive competences for police officers and other officers of the uniformed services is crucial The Police Academy in Szczytno （Poland） developed--as part of a research and development project ...The development of cognitive competences for police officers and other officers of the uniformed services is crucial The Police Academy in Szczytno （Poland） developed--as part of a research and development project （2013-2015）---an innovative diagnostic system for training that allows automated assessment of the current fitness level of cognitive functions and their online training. The system consists of three interconnected modules： diagnostic module, training module, and knowledge base. It is a fully functional online platform. Various forms of cognitive training in the form of games have been proposed. The system includes a component in the form of a psychophysiological recorder, which is intended for the training of coping with stress. The innovativeness of this diagnostic training system involves the use of information systems to stimulate the cognitive competence of officers by designing exercises in the form of computer games and to permit to verify their current mental shapes. It is assumed that this solution will develop the personal skills of officers and positively affect their operational readiness. Extending the area of application of this diagnostic training module by other functionalities can contribute to improving the effectiveness and safety of work, especially in occupational groups performing tasks requiring special cognitive and psychomotor predispositions.展开更多
Computerized cognitive training (CCT) can improve cognition in older adults. However, specific programs for this target group have rarely been developed, and predictors of training success are largely unclear. In a ra...Computerized cognitive training (CCT) can improve cognition in older adults. However, specific programs for this target group have rarely been developed, and predictors of training success are largely unclear. In a randomized controlled pilot trial, we examined effects of a six-week CCT, tailored to the cognitive profile of healthy older adults (EG, n = 21) as compared to a nonspecific CCT (CG, n = 18) matched in frequency and intensity. No interaction effects between Group and Time were found. However, within-group analysis showed significant gains in verbal and non-verbal memory, executive and visuospatial functions and subjective cognitive concerns (SCC) in the EG, while the CG only benefitted in non-verbal memory and set-shifting. Low cognitive performance and lower SCC at baseline were the most consistent predictors of cognitive gains in the EG. Thus, CCTs specifically tailored to older adults seem advantageous compared to non-specific CCT. Further, we conclude that SCC may be related to reduced cognitive plasticity.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the clinical value of cognitive function training combined with daily life ability training in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: 64 patients with AD were selected, and the admi...Objective: To analyze the clinical value of cognitive function training combined with daily life ability training in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: 64 patients with AD were selected, and the admission period was from January 2018 to January 2020. All patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 32 cases in each group. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared. Results: after intervention, the scores of MOCA and life ability of the two groups were increased compared with those before intervention, the experimental group increased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the MMSE score of the experimental group was significantly higher (P < 0.05). Conclusion: cognitive function training combined with activities of daily living training intervention for AD patients significantly improved their cognitive function and intellectual state and promoted their physical rehabilitation.展开更多
Objective:To study the application of the Montessori education method in cognitive training in patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Methods:40 cases of senile dementia patients who were admitted to our hospital from...Objective:To study the application of the Montessori education method in cognitive training in patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Methods:40 cases of senile dementia patients who were admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group according to the single and double number table method,with 20 cases in each group.The intervention group used the Montessori education method,the principle of which was to implement individualized health interventions based on the individual conditions of the patients,for a period of 6 months;the control group was given conventional treatment and nursing of the disease.The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)was used to compare the effects of the two groups of patients before and after health intervention and conduct statistical analysis.Results:The score of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group,and there was a statistical difference between the two(P<0.05).Conclusion:Implementing the Montessori education method for diagnosed Alzheimer’s patients can effectively improve their cognitive function and delay the progress of further dementia.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the impact of life skills training that uses participatory teaching method on improving reproductive health cognition of vocational school students of metropolitan, China.Methods Three vocational...Objective To evaluate the impact of life skills training that uses participatory teaching method on improving reproductive health cognition of vocational school students of metropolitan, China.Methods Three vocational schools of an urban district in Shanghai were selected as the research sites, with two schools as the intervention groups（group A and group B） and the other as the control（group C）. Group A was provided life skills training with core of reproductive health plus peer education, while group B only provided life skills training. All the second grade students were recruited as the subjects. Baseline surveys were conducted in three schools before the implementation of the intervention, and similar surveys were conducted after two terms of the intervention to test the effectiveness of the intervention. In total, 1 612 subjects, including 810 males and 802 females, were recruited. The effects of the intervention on subjects＇ cognitions on sexual behavior and condom/contraceptive use were analyzed using mixed model with repeated measures.Results From pretest to posttest, there were significant increase of the proportions of perceiving risks in getting pregnant, infecting STDs and HIV, benefits by learning and using condom, and self-efficacy in contraceptive use, and decrease of the proportions of perceiving barriers for condom use in two intervention groups; while few similar changes in the control group. In mixed modeling analysis, interaction effects of group A × time and group B × time were found on the scores of perceived risks （P〈0.000 1）, perceived benefits （P〈0.000 1）, perceived barriers （P=0.001 2for group A and P=0.003 4 for group B）,and perceived self-efficacy （P〈0.000 1）. The significant difference of the effects between two interventions was only observed on perceived benefits （P 〈0.000 1）.Conclusion Life skills training using participatory approaches is effective in improving students＇ reproductive health cognition and could be used as an important method in educating young people about sex-related issues.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Cognitive frailty and depression are prevalent among the elderly,significantly impairing physical and cognitive functions,psychological well-being,and quality of life.Effective interventions are essential to mitigate these adverse effects and enhance overall health outcomes in this population.AIM To evaluate the effects of exercise-cognitive dual-task training on frailty,cognitive function,psychological status,and quality of life in elderly patients with cognitive frailty and depression.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 130 patients with cognitive frailty and depression admitted between December 2021 and December 2023.Patients were divided into a control group receiving routine intervention and an observation group undergoing exercise-cognitive dual-task training in addition to routine care.Frailty,cognitive function,balance and gait,psychological status,and quality of life were assessed before and after the intervention.RESULTS After the intervention,the frailty score of the observation group was(5.32±0.69),lower than that of the control group(5.71±0.55).The Montreal cognitive assessment basic scale score in the observation group was(24.06±0.99),higher than the control group(23.43±1.40).The performance oriented mobility assessment score in the observation group was(21.81±1.24),higher than the control group(21.15±1.26).The self-efficacy in the observation group was(28.27±2.66),higher than the control group(30.05±2.66).The anxiety score in the hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS)for the observation group was(5.86±0.68),lower than the control group(6.21±0.64).The depression score in the HADS for the observation group was(5.67±0.75),lower than the control group(6.27±0.92).Additionally,the scores for each dimension of the 36-item short form survey in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Exercise-cognitive dual-task training is beneficial for improving frailty,enhancing cognitive function,and improving psychological status and quality of life in elderly patients with cognitive frailty and depression.
基金supported by a grant from University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences for the research expenses.
文摘Background Schizophrenia is characterised by pervasive cognitive deficits that significantly impair daily functioning and quality of life.Pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy in addressing these deficits,highlighting the need for adjunctive interventions like computerised cognitive training(CCT).Aims This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 30-session CCT programme on mental well-being and cognitive performance in individuals with schizophrenia.Additionally,it assessed the usability and acceptability of CCT in this population.Methods A double-blind,randomised clinical trial was conducted with 54 participants assigned to intervention and control groups.Cognitive and mental health outcomes were assessed using validated tools such as the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21,the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery.Usability was measured with the System Usability Scale(SUS).Assessments were conducted at baseline,post-intervention and 3 months post-follow-up.Results The CCT intervention significantly improved mental well-being,reduced stress and enhanced working memory(paired associate learning,spatial working memory and spatial span)compared with controls.However,no significant effects were observed for anxiety,depression or executive function.Usability scores were high(SUS=83.51),and compliance rates were strong(92.7%),indicating favourable participant engagement.Conclusion CCT demonstrated potential as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia,with significant improvements in targeted cognitive and mental health domains.The high usability and compliance rates support its feasibility for broader implementation.Further research is needed to optimise protocols and explore long-term benefits.CCT offers a promising approach to addressing mental health and cognitive challenges in schizophrenia,particularly for stress and working memory.Its usability and acceptability suggest it could be seamlessly integrated into clinical practice.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81871854,72374014)the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFC2008804)+1 种基金the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Young Talent Cultivation Program in Liberal Arts(2024QN041)the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine:Nursing Development Program(SJTUHLXK2024).
文摘Background Evidence on the effects of different exercise interventions on cognitive function is insufficient.Aims To evaluate the feasibility and effects of remotely supervised aerobic exercise(AE)and resistance exercise(RE)interventions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment(MCI).Methods This study is a 6-month pilot three-arm randomised controlled trial.Eligible participants(n=108)were recruited and randomised to the AE group,RE group or control(CON)group with a 1:1:1 ratio.Interventions were delivered at home with remote supervision.We evaluated participants’global cognition,memory,executive function,attention,physical activity levels,physical performance and muscle strength of limbs at baseline,3 months(T1)and 6 months(T2)after randomisation.A linear mixed-effects model was adopted for data analyses after controlling for covariates.Tukey’s method was used for adjusting for multiple comparisons.Sensitivity analyses were performed after excluding individuals with low compliance rates.Results 15(13.89%)participants dropped out.The median compliance rates in the AE group and RE group were 67.31%and 93.27%,respectively.After adjusting for covariates,the scores of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale in the AE group decreased by 2.04(95%confidence interval(CI)−3.41 to−0.67,t=−2.94,p=0.004)and 1.53(95%CI−2.88 to−0.17,t=−2.22,p=0.028)points more than those in the CON group at T1 and T2,respectively.The effects of AE were still significant at T1(estimate=−1.70,95%CI−3.20 to−0.21,t=−2.69,p=0.021),but lost statistical significance at T2 after adjusting for multiple comparisons.As for executive function,the Stroop time interference in the RE group decreased by 11.76 s(95%CI−21.62 to−1.90,t=−2.81,p=0.015)more than that in the AE group at T2 after Tukey’s adjustment.No other significant effects on cognitive functions were found.Conclusions Both remotely supervised AE and RE programmes are feasible in older adults with MCI.AE has positive effects on global cognition,and RE improves executive function.
基金the financialsupport from the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.202106370009)Alberta Innovate Graduate Student Scholarship.
文摘The cognitive load plays a key role in surgical education,influencingtask performance and skill acquisition.This review explores three primary approaches to assessing cognitive load in the surgical context—paper-based measures,physiological measures,and performance-based measures—and highlights their relevance and applications in surgical education.Paper-based tools,such as the NASA Task Load Index and its surgical adaptation,the Surgery Task Load Index,offer simplicity but lack realtime insight.Physiological measures,including heart rate,eye tracking,and electrodermal activity,provide objective and timely data.Neuroimaging techniques,such as electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy,provide direct evidence of brain activity but face challenges such as cost and complexity.Performance-based metrics,such as secondary tasks,infer cognitive load from working memory capacity.Accurate assessment of cognitive load can improve training outcomes by adapting demands to cognitive capacity.Future directions include the development of more accurate,multimodal,and user-friendly tools for dynamic,timely assessment,ultimately advancing personalized surgical training and improving patient care.
文摘This paper, with the training of the international talents possessing remarkable English listening and speaking ability,mainly discusses the specific application of the cognitive strategy in different stages of college English listening comprehension.It is expected that the paper can bring some useful enlightenments on the international talents training.
基金supported by the Department of Health,Heilongjiang Province,China
文摘Objective We investigated the feasibility and efficacy of cognitive training for older adults in rura settings and with low education levels, who have mild cognitive impairment （MCl）. Methods Forty-five older adults （ages 〉65 years） with MCI were assigned to treatment or control groups, at a 2：1 ratio. Cognitive training occurred in the treatment group for 2 months. The cognitive abilities of the participants were assessed at pre-training, metaphase, and post-training time points, using the Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE）, Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA）, Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment （LOTCA）, and Hamilton Depression Scale （HAM-D）. Results Following training, cognitive abilities improved in the treatment group, based on the total scores of all 4 measures, as well as specifically on the MoCA and LOTCA. There were differences in the main effects of group and time point on some subscales, but these differences had little, if any, effect on the overall analyses. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that cognitive training has beneficial effects on attention, language, orientation, visual perception, organization of visual movement, and logical questioning in patients with MCI. Furthermore, the observed effects are long-term changes.
文摘Managing memory deficits is a central problem among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study examined the effects of memory training on memory performance in an understudied “oldest-old” population ranging in age from 90 to 99 years. Eighteen mild to moderately cognitive-impaired older seniors, 90 years and older were recruited from memory clinics established in senior living communities. Treatment sessions took place, on average, twice weekly, for 55 minutes. Memory intervention included nineteen computer-based exercises customized to focus on memory loss. The specificity of memory training was very clear;memory training produced significant effects (F(3,51) = 2.81, p = 0.05) on memory performance, especially after 6 months of training, while other outcome measures showed no effects as predicted. Based on the results, it can be concluded that interventions targeting cognition and memory in the oldest-old MCI population can significantly improve memory function and reduce cognitive deficits.
基金the Ethics Committee of Hebei United University(approval number 14057/2014),and the patients voluntarily joined this study with informed consents.
文摘Objective:To observe the effect of visual training on cognitive function in stoke patients.Methods:Eighty stroke patients with cognitive dysfunction were divided into two groups(n?40 in each group).The control group received conventional rehabilitation therapies.The experimental group received visual training in addition to the conventional therapies.This training was administered for 30 min once a day,five times a week,for four weeks.All patients were screened with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)both before and after the four weeks of intervention.Results:After the four-week intervention,patients in the experimental group increased their scores for attention and concentration,executive function,memory,visual skills,abstract thinking,calculation,and directional force,as well as their total standard score(p<0.01).The patients in the control group also increased their scores in the executive function,visual skills and abstract thinking,as well as their total standard score(p<0.05).However,the experimental group scored higher than the control group for both the individual and total standard scores(p<0.05).Conclusion:Visual training could improve cognitive function of patients with stroke.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62276229 and 32071096).
文摘The human brain is highly plastic.Cognitive training is usually used to modify functional connectivity of brain networks.Moreover,the structures of brain networks may determine its dynamic behavior which is related to human cognitive abilities.To study the effect of functional connectivity on the brain dynamics,the dynamic model based on functional connections of the brain and the Hindmarsh–Rose model is utilized in this work.The resting-state fMRI data from the experimental group undergoing abacus-based mental calculation(AMC)training and from the control group are used to construct the functional brain networks.The dynamic behavior of brain at the resting and task states for the AMC group and the control group are simulated with the above-mentioned dynamic model.In the resting state,there are the differences of brain activation between the AMC group and the control group,and more brain regions are inspired in the AMC group.A stimulus with sinusoidal signals to brain networks is introduced to simulate the brain dynamics in the task states.The dynamic characteristics are extracted by the excitation rates,the response intensities and the state distributions.The change in the functional connectivity of brain networks with the AMC training would in turn improve the brain response to external stimulus,and make the brain more efficient in processing tasks.
基金The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University.
文摘BACKGROUND The severe physical and psychological impact of pain on the physical and mental health of women during labor leads to increased risks and complications during childbirth,presenting a major public health concern.Some studies have shown that cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)has a positive effect on maternal psychology during delivery,reducing stress and shortening labor time.Thus,CBT training for mothers and delivery room staff may be beneficial in minimizing complications and adverse effects during natural birth.AIM To investigate the clinical effects of CBT training and psychological care during delivery,and their therapeutic effects on women in labor.METHODS This study used a retrospective analysis and included 140 mothers admitted to the maternity ward between January 2021 and January 2023.The study subjects were randomized into two groups:control(n=70)and observation(n=70).Routine care,CBT training,and psychological care were provided to mothers in both groups.Psychological status scores,delivery time,and satisfaction with care pre-and post-delivery were compared,and the incidence of complications after receiving care was analyzed between the two groups.RESULTS Although the psychological state of both groups improved significantly in the late stages of labor,the psychological state scores of the mothers in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the mothers in the control group(P<0.05).The duration of labor and incidence of complications in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The mothers in the observation group were significantly more satisfied with nursing care during the course of labor than those in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION CBT training and psychological care for mothers in the midwifery process can effectively improve anxiety and depression,shorten labor duration,reduce postnatal complications,and improve nursing satisfaction and nurse-patient relationships.Its clinical application is effective and has popularization value,providing a new way to protect maternal mental health.
文摘Married female adolescents are the most vulnerable people that culturally marry with their parents’ permission in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of stress inoculation training (SIT) on cognitive emotional regulation (CER) in these women. The method of this research was semi-experiment with pretest and posttest. The statistical society was the married adolescent female students from Qom high schools (80 people). First, they were assessed by cognitive emotional regulation questionnaire to find the subjects under the CER cut of point (55 people). Then 30 participants were randomly selected and were equally divided into experimental and control groups. The entry criteria for samples were female married students between 17 and 19 from low socioeconomic income. The experimental group received 8 sessions of SIT training while there was no intervention for control group. Results from MANCOVA analysis showed that there were significant differences between groups on cognitive emotional regulation in post-test. The data of pretest were the covariate factor. Finding suggests SIT is effective for cognitive emotional regulation in vulnerable married female adolescents. In addition, this training method elevates positive emotional strategies, which correlate with planning, focusing and organizing the emotions. In contrast, except self and the others blaming, negative emotional strategies differed slightly.
文摘The effects of a memory training paradigm on performance across multiple cognitive domains, measured via the Cognistat, in 70 - 89 year-old individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), were examined. Memory training sessions were conducted on average twice weekly, for 55 minutes each session, for 9 months. Across the testing period, Cognistat-measured memory increased relative to performance in other cognitive domains. Additionally, performance on non-memory measures remained stable or declined. Thus, memory training in older adult, MCI individuals may result in improved memory, but not in improvement in other, non-memory, cognitive domains. Results replicate previous work examining “oldest-old” individuals ranging in age from 90 to 99 years old at the time of study start.
文摘Cognitive impairments are commonly observed in patients with multiple sclerosis and are associated with lower levels of quality of life.No consensus has been reached on how to tackle effectively cognitive decline in this clinical population non-pharmacologically.This exploratory case-control study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a hypothesis-based cognitive training designed to target multiple domains by promoting the synchronous co-activation of different brain areas and thereby improve cognition and induce changes in functional connectivity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Forty-five patients(36 females and 9 males,mean age 44.62±8.80 years)with clinically stable relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis were assigned to either a standard cognitive training or to control groups(sham training and nonactive control).The standard training included twenty sessions of computerized exercises involving various cognitive functions supported by distinct brain networks.The sham training was a modified version of the standard training that comprised the same exercises and number of sessions but with increased processing speed load.The non-active control group received no cognitive training.All patients underwent comprehensive neuropsychological and magnetic resonance imaging assessments at baseline and after 5 weeks.Cognitive and resting-state magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed using repeated measures models.At reassessment,the standard training group showed significant cognitive improvements compared to both control groups in memory tasks not specifically targeted by the training:the Buschke Selective Reminding Test and the Semantic Fluency test.The standard training group showed reductions in functional connectivity of the salience network,in the anterior cingulate cortex,associated with improvements on the Buschke Selective Reminding Test.No changes were observed in the sham training group.These findings suggest that multi-domain training that stimulates multiple brain areas synchronously may improve cognition in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis if sufficient time to process training material is allowed.The associated reduction in functional connectivity of the salience network suggests that training-induced neuroplastic functional reorganization may be the mechanism supporting performance gains.This study was approved by the Regional Ethics Committee of Yorkshire and Humber(approval No.12/YH/0474)on November 20,2013.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071096 and 31270026)the National Social Science Foundation(17ZDA323)+3 种基金the STI 2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0200500)the Hong Kong Baptist University Research Committee Interdisciplinary Research Matching Scheme 2018/19(IRMS/18-19/SCI01)the Recruitment Program of Global Experts of Zhejiang Provincethe Start-up Funds for Leading Talents at Beijing Normal University and the National Basic Science Data Center“Chinese Data-sharing Warehouse for In-vivo Imaging Brain”(NBSDC-DB-15).
文摘The organization of the brain follows a topologi-cal hierarchy that changes dynamically during development.However,it remains unknown whether and how cognitive training administered over multiple years during develop-ment can modify this hierarchical topology.By measuring the brain and behavior of school children who had carried out abacus-based mental calculation(AMC)training for five years(starting from 7 years to 12 years old)in pre-training and post-training,we revealed the reshaping effect of long-term AMC intervention during development on the brain hierarchical topology.We observed the development-induced emergence of the default network,AMC training-promoted shifting,and regional changes in cortical gradi-ents.Moreover,the training-induced gradient changes were located in visual and somatomotor areas in association with the visuospatial/motor-imagery strategy.We found that gradient-based features can predict the math ability within groups.Our findings provide novel insights into the dynamic nature of network recruitment impacted by long-term cognitive training during development.
文摘Neurotrophins,and growth factors in general,are proteins which exert many actions in central nervous system neurons.Neurotrophins promote the survival and neuronal function of neurons and exert neuroprotective effects in pathological models of neurodegenerative diseases.In humans several clinical trials based on the use of these proteins have been carried out. Among them, it is worth to mention gene ther- apy especially in Parkinson＇s disease （PD） （Kordower and Bjorklund, 2013）, and a series of experiments using vectors capable of carrying neurotrophins in the selected target re- gion where they can exert their beneficial action （Ghosh et al., 2014）.
文摘The development of cognitive competences for police officers and other officers of the uniformed services is crucial The Police Academy in Szczytno （Poland） developed--as part of a research and development project （2013-2015）---an innovative diagnostic system for training that allows automated assessment of the current fitness level of cognitive functions and their online training. The system consists of three interconnected modules： diagnostic module, training module, and knowledge base. It is a fully functional online platform. Various forms of cognitive training in the form of games have been proposed. The system includes a component in the form of a psychophysiological recorder, which is intended for the training of coping with stress. The innovativeness of this diagnostic training system involves the use of information systems to stimulate the cognitive competence of officers by designing exercises in the form of computer games and to permit to verify their current mental shapes. It is assumed that this solution will develop the personal skills of officers and positively affect their operational readiness. Extending the area of application of this diagnostic training module by other functionalities can contribute to improving the effectiveness and safety of work, especially in occupational groups performing tasks requiring special cognitive and psychomotor predispositions.
基金supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research under Grant 16SV5917.
文摘Computerized cognitive training (CCT) can improve cognition in older adults. However, specific programs for this target group have rarely been developed, and predictors of training success are largely unclear. In a randomized controlled pilot trial, we examined effects of a six-week CCT, tailored to the cognitive profile of healthy older adults (EG, n = 21) as compared to a nonspecific CCT (CG, n = 18) matched in frequency and intensity. No interaction effects between Group and Time were found. However, within-group analysis showed significant gains in verbal and non-verbal memory, executive and visuospatial functions and subjective cognitive concerns (SCC) in the EG, while the CG only benefitted in non-verbal memory and set-shifting. Low cognitive performance and lower SCC at baseline were the most consistent predictors of cognitive gains in the EG. Thus, CCTs specifically tailored to older adults seem advantageous compared to non-specific CCT. Further, we conclude that SCC may be related to reduced cognitive plasticity.
文摘Objective: To analyze the clinical value of cognitive function training combined with daily life ability training in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: 64 patients with AD were selected, and the admission period was from January 2018 to January 2020. All patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 32 cases in each group. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared. Results: after intervention, the scores of MOCA and life ability of the two groups were increased compared with those before intervention, the experimental group increased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the MMSE score of the experimental group was significantly higher (P < 0.05). Conclusion: cognitive function training combined with activities of daily living training intervention for AD patients significantly improved their cognitive function and intellectual state and promoted their physical rehabilitation.
文摘Objective:To study the application of the Montessori education method in cognitive training in patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Methods:40 cases of senile dementia patients who were admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group according to the single and double number table method,with 20 cases in each group.The intervention group used the Montessori education method,the principle of which was to implement individualized health interventions based on the individual conditions of the patients,for a period of 6 months;the control group was given conventional treatment and nursing of the disease.The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)was used to compare the effects of the two groups of patients before and after health intervention and conduct statistical analysis.Results:The score of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group,and there was a statistical difference between the two(P<0.05).Conclusion:Implementing the Montessori education method for diagnosed Alzheimer’s patients can effectively improve their cognitive function and delay the progress of further dementia.
基金supported by China Family Planning Association/the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH)
文摘Objective To evaluate the impact of life skills training that uses participatory teaching method on improving reproductive health cognition of vocational school students of metropolitan, China.Methods Three vocational schools of an urban district in Shanghai were selected as the research sites, with two schools as the intervention groups（group A and group B） and the other as the control（group C）. Group A was provided life skills training with core of reproductive health plus peer education, while group B only provided life skills training. All the second grade students were recruited as the subjects. Baseline surveys were conducted in three schools before the implementation of the intervention, and similar surveys were conducted after two terms of the intervention to test the effectiveness of the intervention. In total, 1 612 subjects, including 810 males and 802 females, were recruited. The effects of the intervention on subjects＇ cognitions on sexual behavior and condom/contraceptive use were analyzed using mixed model with repeated measures.Results From pretest to posttest, there were significant increase of the proportions of perceiving risks in getting pregnant, infecting STDs and HIV, benefits by learning and using condom, and self-efficacy in contraceptive use, and decrease of the proportions of perceiving barriers for condom use in two intervention groups; while few similar changes in the control group. In mixed modeling analysis, interaction effects of group A × time and group B × time were found on the scores of perceived risks （P〈0.000 1）, perceived benefits （P〈0.000 1）, perceived barriers （P=0.001 2for group A and P=0.003 4 for group B）,and perceived self-efficacy （P〈0.000 1）. The significant difference of the effects between two interventions was only observed on perceived benefits （P 〈0.000 1）.Conclusion Life skills training using participatory approaches is effective in improving students＇ reproductive health cognition and could be used as an important method in educating young people about sex-related issues.
