Ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography(UV-NIL)is a versatile and cost-effective technique for the fabrication of micro-and nanostructures by copying master patterns in a planar or a roll-to-roll process through curing of...Ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography(UV-NIL)is a versatile and cost-effective technique for the fabrication of micro-and nanostructures by copying master patterns in a planar or a roll-to-roll process through curing of a liquid UV-sensitive precursor.For applications with a high pattern complexity,new UV-NIL process chains must be specified.Master fabrication is a challenging part of the development and often cannot be accomplished using a single master fabrication technique.Therefore,an approach combining different patterning fabrication techniques is developed here for polymer masters using laser direct writing and photolithography.The polymer masters produced in this way are molded into inverse silicone stamps that are used for roll-to-roll replication into an acrylate formulation.To fit the required roller size for large-area UV-NIL,several submasters with micrometer-sized dot and line gratings and prism arrays,which have been patterned by these different techniques,are assembled to final size of ~200×600 mm^(2) with an absolute precision of better than 50μm.The size of the submasters allows the use of standard laboratory equipment for patterning and direct writing,thus enabling the fabrication of micro-and even nanostructures when electron-beam writing is utilized.In this way,the effort,time,and costs for the fabrication of masters for UV-NIL processes are reduced,enabling further development for particular structures and applications.Using this approach,patterns fabricated with different laboratory tools are finally replicated by UV-NIL in an acrylate formulation,demonstrating the high quality of the whole process chain.展开更多
Objectives:To explore the current admittance situation of clinical teachers for masters of nursing specialist(MNS)postgraduates and to test the competence of clinical teachers in self-evaluation and other evaluations....Objectives:To explore the current admittance situation of clinical teachers for masters of nursing specialist(MNS)postgraduates and to test the competence of clinical teachers in self-evaluation and other evaluations.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,using a random number table,we chose 80 MNS postgraduates under clinical practice,their clinical teachers,and head nurses each from six hospitals in Hunan and Guangdong.The participants were tested on the basis of the Clinical Teachers'Competence Inventory of MNS Postgraduates.The competences of clinical teachers were evaluated by the three groups of participants.Results:The aggregated scores of teacher competence as evaluated by the MNS postgraduates(181.33±24.95)were lower than those assigned by both clinical teachers(190.75±24.30)and their head nurses(198.53±18.90),with significant differences in all dimensions except for clinical managing ability.The five highest rated items from all participants focused on the teachers'clinical nursing ability,and the five lowest rated items were mainly about their clinical research ability.Conclusion:The evaluation from MNS postgraduates is obviously lower than the self-evaluation of clinical teachers,and all participants are aware of the deficiency in research ability of the teachers.Thus,the admittance and examination of clinical teachers should be controlled strictly.Training should be carried out immediately to strengthen their comprehensive abilities,especially their research ability.展开更多
Nickel masters are widely used to produce surface relief grating like patterned antireflection coatings of polysiloxane material by simple embossing process. In the present work, patterned nickel master was prepared b...Nickel masters are widely used to produce surface relief grating like patterned antireflection coatings of polysiloxane material by simple embossing process. In the present work, patterned nickel master was prepared by using aluminium template, which is a foil peeled off from the commercial compact disk. Nickel was deposited using Watts nickel bath by pulsed electrodeposition for different relaxation times on patterned aluminium template. The deposition led to the transfer of patterns of aluminium replica to the nickel deposit. After deposition, the aluminium template was etched out chemically. Observation under an optical microscope showed that the obtained pattern was highly homogenous only for Ton = 0.1 ms, Toff = 0.9 ms duty cycles as compared with other ‘on’ and ‘off’ times of pulse cycles. This simple single step cost effective nickel master can serve as stamps for the subsequent embossing process. The preparation conditions and its salient features are discussed in this paper in detail.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> To ensure quality and relevance of Postgraduate Programs are a commitment of the National Quality Postgraduate Programs (PNPC), and those from UNAM. Then, the self-evaluation o...<strong>Background:</strong> To ensure quality and relevance of Postgraduate Programs are a commitment of the National Quality Postgraduate Programs (PNPC), and those from UNAM. Then, the self-evaluation of the Masters in Nursing Program (PME) is necessary for it to be part of the PNPC. This study focuses on self-evaluation of implementation mechanisms to assure effective communication and collaboration with and among graduated alumni. <strong>Methods:</strong> The research was qualitative, exploratory and descriptive. An informed consent was signed by four informants, graduated from the seventeenth generation of PME. Data collection from a focal group and descriptive data analysis by atlas.ti from guidance questions that were contrasted with the scale value from PME curriculum. <strong>Results:</strong> Four categories emerged from PME graduated alumni: Category <strong>I</strong>, Professional academic performance, Category<strong> II</strong>, International activities attendance, Category <strong>III</strong>, Academic networks, and Category <strong>IV</strong>, Higher satisfaction of international activities.<strong> Conclusions:</strong> It is concluded that self-evaluation shows a graduate’s vision of conditions and networks where PME develops. Masters in Nursing Program fulfills graduates expectancy to create networks, which will contribute to knowledge and recognition of professional practice, as well as on the area’ opportunities opening for better contributions.展开更多
WMG （World Masters Games） athletes have either pursued a physically active lifestyle for an extended period of time or have initiated exercise/sport in later life. This unique cohort of middle-aged to older-aged adu...WMG （World Masters Games） athletes have either pursued a physically active lifestyle for an extended period of time or have initiated exercise/sport in later life. This unique cohort of middle-aged to older-aged adults remains relatively uninvestigated with regards to various measures of health. With a need for multifaceted solutions to the obesity epidemic, investigating special populations such as those competing in sport at older ages may further the understanding of the nexus between aging, physical activity and obesity. This study aims to investigate the BMI （body mass index） of North American WMG competitors with respect to national health guidelines and demographics. An online survey was utilized to collect demographic information from athletes competing at the Sydney WMG. BMI was derived using the participant＇s height and body mass. A total of 928 （46.7% male, 53.3% female） participants from Canada and the United States （age： 52.6 ± 9.8 years） completed the survey. The top 5 sports in which participants competed were football （25.6%）, track/field （15.4%）, swimming （8.4%）, volleyball （8.2%）, and softball （7.8%）. Female and male BMI （kg/m2） across all sports were： 〉 30 （obese： 13.9%）, 25-29.9 （overweight： 34.1%）, 18.5-24.9 （normal： 50.3%）, and 〈18.5 （underweight： 1.7%）. Data indicated that BMI was a health risk factor for 13.9% of the participants and a developing risk factor for 34.1% of the participants. Analysis demonstrated a significantly reduced （P 〈 0.05） classification of obesity of the North American WMG competitors when compared to Canadian and United States national populations. It is believed that adherence to exercise improves indices of general health. A key index of health （obesity） is significantly lower in incidence for North American WMG competitors when compared to Canadian and US populations.展开更多
Sponsored by the China Garment Design and Research Centre (Group) and co-sponsored by the Japanese Brothers Industry Co. Ltd., the 5th Brother Cup China International Garment Youth Designers Works Competition was held...Sponsored by the China Garment Design and Research Centre (Group) and co-sponsored by the Japanese Brothers Industry Co. Ltd., the 5th Brother Cup China International Garment Youth Designers Works Competition was held in Beijing in April 1997. In the course of speeding up the implementation of the namebrand strategy in China’s garment trade, the important role of garment design has been recognized more and more in garment trade circles. Garment design is a creative activity based on the human being as the main factor and bringing science, technology, and art, as well as展开更多
Charles Percy Snow declared his influential Rede Lecture, ＂The Two Cultures＂, in 1959. In his famous lecture, he told us that the most powerful revolutionary force in the world today is science, science is essential...Charles Percy Snow declared his influential Rede Lecture, ＂The Two Cultures＂, in 1959. In his famous lecture, he told us that the most powerful revolutionary force in the world today is science, science is essentially progressive, and the scientific culture is also a newer one. So Snow, after excluding scientific culture from the whole culture, calls the rest of the whole culture traditional culture. In his opinion, science is more important than humanities. All these ideas are faithfully reflected in his earlier literary work The Masters （1972b）. Snow＇s favor toward men of sciences in the novel is self-evident. ＂The Masters, therefore, may be considered as a political science novel rather than as a political novel＂. It was the Industrial Revolution which created our sensibility展开更多
Star River(or Star Bay), an elite works of Hong Yu Group, is located in Sijixinghe Road, Chaoyang Beilu,Beijing. It is a distinguished residence area, occupyingland of 300 thousand sq. meters. The north side is a for-...Star River(or Star Bay), an elite works of Hong Yu Group, is located in Sijixinghe Road, Chaoyang Beilu,Beijing. It is a distinguished residence area, occupyingland of 300 thousand sq. meters. The north side is a for-est garden with 1600 or more mu, the eastern side is agreen belt with 2000-more mu.With an investment of RMB1.5 billion, Beijing StarRiver provides a beautiful landscape and high-qualityresidence. In order to realize a high harmony of con-struction and environment, Beijing Star River has in-vested millions into environmental construction.Star River has won a reputation of Detailed Qualityby Milton Kotler, a world famous marketing master. "Iwould start marketing the apartments in Los Angles, inNew York city, in Chicago, London, " Milton said.One day in September, brothers Kotler(Milton Kotlerand Philip Kotler), world famous marketing masters wereinvited to Star River as noble vips. Their praise forStar River were so high that people would prefer to takeit as an artistic job rather than a residence.展开更多
Regarding the Chan Buddhism lamp records from the Song Dynasty and starting from Jing De Zhuan Deng Lu,the category of“enlightened masters in Chan Buddhism”禪門達者was listed separately,meaning a separate category w...Regarding the Chan Buddhism lamp records from the Song Dynasty and starting from Jing De Zhuan Deng Lu,the category of“enlightened masters in Chan Buddhism”禪門達者was listed separately,meaning a separate category was established for eccentric monks who pretended to be crazy,had unknown inheritance and miraculous deeds,and were difficult to classify.The following lamp records named this category of eccentric monks as“sages”散聖,or“saints”應化聖賢,which constructed another historical genealogy for the special Chan Buddhism eccentric monks.Moreover,the early lamp records included mostly idiosyncratic mad monks from previous dynasties.Since the Southern Song Dynasty,Chan Buddhism historical materials included many sages from the current dynasty.Therefore,this study mainly examines how the genealogy of Chan Buddhism eccentric monks was constructed in Song Dynasty Chan Buddhism lamp records,including quotations,and organizes the images of eccentric monks in the Song Dynasty,as written in Chan Buddhism historical materials,in order that the meaning of existence of these enlightened masters,sages,saints,etc.,included in the genealogy of Song Dynasty eccentric monks in the history of Chan Buddhism can be reflected.展开更多
African countries are expanding their cooperation with foreign countries to attract investment in various areas, including the mining industry. Recently, when attending the China Mining Congress and Expo 2016 from Sep...African countries are expanding their cooperation with foreign countries to attract investment in various areas, including the mining industry. Recently, when attending the China Mining Congress and Expo 2016 from September 22-25 in Tianjin Municipality, Mosebenzi Zwane, South African Mineral Resources Minister, Abubakar Bawa Bwari, Nigerian Minister of State for Mines and Steel Development, and Bakia Mbianyor, Senior Compliance and Safeguards Officer at the African Development Bank Group （AfDB） spoke to ChinAfrica reporter Liu Jian on China＇s investment in African mining.展开更多
文摘Ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography(UV-NIL)is a versatile and cost-effective technique for the fabrication of micro-and nanostructures by copying master patterns in a planar or a roll-to-roll process through curing of a liquid UV-sensitive precursor.For applications with a high pattern complexity,new UV-NIL process chains must be specified.Master fabrication is a challenging part of the development and often cannot be accomplished using a single master fabrication technique.Therefore,an approach combining different patterning fabrication techniques is developed here for polymer masters using laser direct writing and photolithography.The polymer masters produced in this way are molded into inverse silicone stamps that are used for roll-to-roll replication into an acrylate formulation.To fit the required roller size for large-area UV-NIL,several submasters with micrometer-sized dot and line gratings and prism arrays,which have been patterned by these different techniques,are assembled to final size of ~200×600 mm^(2) with an absolute precision of better than 50μm.The size of the submasters allows the use of standard laboratory equipment for patterning and direct writing,thus enabling the fabrication of micro-and even nanostructures when electron-beam writing is utilized.In this way,the effort,time,and costs for the fabrication of masters for UV-NIL processes are reduced,enabling further development for particular structures and applications.Using this approach,patterns fabricated with different laboratory tools are finally replicated by UV-NIL in an acrylate formulation,demonstrating the high quality of the whole process chain.
基金Postgraduates Research Innovation Project in Hunan Province(CX2016B484)
文摘Objectives:To explore the current admittance situation of clinical teachers for masters of nursing specialist(MNS)postgraduates and to test the competence of clinical teachers in self-evaluation and other evaluations.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,using a random number table,we chose 80 MNS postgraduates under clinical practice,their clinical teachers,and head nurses each from six hospitals in Hunan and Guangdong.The participants were tested on the basis of the Clinical Teachers'Competence Inventory of MNS Postgraduates.The competences of clinical teachers were evaluated by the three groups of participants.Results:The aggregated scores of teacher competence as evaluated by the MNS postgraduates(181.33±24.95)were lower than those assigned by both clinical teachers(190.75±24.30)and their head nurses(198.53±18.90),with significant differences in all dimensions except for clinical managing ability.The five highest rated items from all participants focused on the teachers'clinical nursing ability,and the five lowest rated items were mainly about their clinical research ability.Conclusion:The evaluation from MNS postgraduates is obviously lower than the self-evaluation of clinical teachers,and all participants are aware of the deficiency in research ability of the teachers.Thus,the admittance and examination of clinical teachers should be controlled strictly.Training should be carried out immediately to strengthen their comprehensive abilities,especially their research ability.
文摘Nickel masters are widely used to produce surface relief grating like patterned antireflection coatings of polysiloxane material by simple embossing process. In the present work, patterned nickel master was prepared by using aluminium template, which is a foil peeled off from the commercial compact disk. Nickel was deposited using Watts nickel bath by pulsed electrodeposition for different relaxation times on patterned aluminium template. The deposition led to the transfer of patterns of aluminium replica to the nickel deposit. After deposition, the aluminium template was etched out chemically. Observation under an optical microscope showed that the obtained pattern was highly homogenous only for Ton = 0.1 ms, Toff = 0.9 ms duty cycles as compared with other ‘on’ and ‘off’ times of pulse cycles. This simple single step cost effective nickel master can serve as stamps for the subsequent embossing process. The preparation conditions and its salient features are discussed in this paper in detail.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> To ensure quality and relevance of Postgraduate Programs are a commitment of the National Quality Postgraduate Programs (PNPC), and those from UNAM. Then, the self-evaluation of the Masters in Nursing Program (PME) is necessary for it to be part of the PNPC. This study focuses on self-evaluation of implementation mechanisms to assure effective communication and collaboration with and among graduated alumni. <strong>Methods:</strong> The research was qualitative, exploratory and descriptive. An informed consent was signed by four informants, graduated from the seventeenth generation of PME. Data collection from a focal group and descriptive data analysis by atlas.ti from guidance questions that were contrasted with the scale value from PME curriculum. <strong>Results:</strong> Four categories emerged from PME graduated alumni: Category <strong>I</strong>, Professional academic performance, Category<strong> II</strong>, International activities attendance, Category <strong>III</strong>, Academic networks, and Category <strong>IV</strong>, Higher satisfaction of international activities.<strong> Conclusions:</strong> It is concluded that self-evaluation shows a graduate’s vision of conditions and networks where PME develops. Masters in Nursing Program fulfills graduates expectancy to create networks, which will contribute to knowledge and recognition of professional practice, as well as on the area’ opportunities opening for better contributions.
文摘WMG （World Masters Games） athletes have either pursued a physically active lifestyle for an extended period of time or have initiated exercise/sport in later life. This unique cohort of middle-aged to older-aged adults remains relatively uninvestigated with regards to various measures of health. With a need for multifaceted solutions to the obesity epidemic, investigating special populations such as those competing in sport at older ages may further the understanding of the nexus between aging, physical activity and obesity. This study aims to investigate the BMI （body mass index） of North American WMG competitors with respect to national health guidelines and demographics. An online survey was utilized to collect demographic information from athletes competing at the Sydney WMG. BMI was derived using the participant＇s height and body mass. A total of 928 （46.7% male, 53.3% female） participants from Canada and the United States （age： 52.6 ± 9.8 years） completed the survey. The top 5 sports in which participants competed were football （25.6%）, track/field （15.4%）, swimming （8.4%）, volleyball （8.2%）, and softball （7.8%）. Female and male BMI （kg/m2） across all sports were： 〉 30 （obese： 13.9%）, 25-29.9 （overweight： 34.1%）, 18.5-24.9 （normal： 50.3%）, and 〈18.5 （underweight： 1.7%）. Data indicated that BMI was a health risk factor for 13.9% of the participants and a developing risk factor for 34.1% of the participants. Analysis demonstrated a significantly reduced （P 〈 0.05） classification of obesity of the North American WMG competitors when compared to Canadian and United States national populations. It is believed that adherence to exercise improves indices of general health. A key index of health （obesity） is significantly lower in incidence for North American WMG competitors when compared to Canadian and US populations.
文摘Sponsored by the China Garment Design and Research Centre (Group) and co-sponsored by the Japanese Brothers Industry Co. Ltd., the 5th Brother Cup China International Garment Youth Designers Works Competition was held in Beijing in April 1997. In the course of speeding up the implementation of the namebrand strategy in China’s garment trade, the important role of garment design has been recognized more and more in garment trade circles. Garment design is a creative activity based on the human being as the main factor and bringing science, technology, and art, as well as
文摘Charles Percy Snow declared his influential Rede Lecture, ＂The Two Cultures＂, in 1959. In his famous lecture, he told us that the most powerful revolutionary force in the world today is science, science is essentially progressive, and the scientific culture is also a newer one. So Snow, after excluding scientific culture from the whole culture, calls the rest of the whole culture traditional culture. In his opinion, science is more important than humanities. All these ideas are faithfully reflected in his earlier literary work The Masters （1972b）. Snow＇s favor toward men of sciences in the novel is self-evident. ＂The Masters, therefore, may be considered as a political science novel rather than as a political novel＂. It was the Industrial Revolution which created our sensibility
文摘Star River(or Star Bay), an elite works of Hong Yu Group, is located in Sijixinghe Road, Chaoyang Beilu,Beijing. It is a distinguished residence area, occupyingland of 300 thousand sq. meters. The north side is a for-est garden with 1600 or more mu, the eastern side is agreen belt with 2000-more mu.With an investment of RMB1.5 billion, Beijing StarRiver provides a beautiful landscape and high-qualityresidence. In order to realize a high harmony of con-struction and environment, Beijing Star River has in-vested millions into environmental construction.Star River has won a reputation of Detailed Qualityby Milton Kotler, a world famous marketing master. "Iwould start marketing the apartments in Los Angles, inNew York city, in Chicago, London, " Milton said.One day in September, brothers Kotler(Milton Kotlerand Philip Kotler), world famous marketing masters wereinvited to Star River as noble vips. Their praise forStar River were so high that people would prefer to takeit as an artistic job rather than a residence.
文摘Regarding the Chan Buddhism lamp records from the Song Dynasty and starting from Jing De Zhuan Deng Lu,the category of“enlightened masters in Chan Buddhism”禪門達者was listed separately,meaning a separate category was established for eccentric monks who pretended to be crazy,had unknown inheritance and miraculous deeds,and were difficult to classify.The following lamp records named this category of eccentric monks as“sages”散聖,or“saints”應化聖賢,which constructed another historical genealogy for the special Chan Buddhism eccentric monks.Moreover,the early lamp records included mostly idiosyncratic mad monks from previous dynasties.Since the Southern Song Dynasty,Chan Buddhism historical materials included many sages from the current dynasty.Therefore,this study mainly examines how the genealogy of Chan Buddhism eccentric monks was constructed in Song Dynasty Chan Buddhism lamp records,including quotations,and organizes the images of eccentric monks in the Song Dynasty,as written in Chan Buddhism historical materials,in order that the meaning of existence of these enlightened masters,sages,saints,etc.,included in the genealogy of Song Dynasty eccentric monks in the history of Chan Buddhism can be reflected.
文摘African countries are expanding their cooperation with foreign countries to attract investment in various areas, including the mining industry. Recently, when attending the China Mining Congress and Expo 2016 from September 22-25 in Tianjin Municipality, Mosebenzi Zwane, South African Mineral Resources Minister, Abubakar Bawa Bwari, Nigerian Minister of State for Mines and Steel Development, and Bakia Mbianyor, Senior Compliance and Safeguards Officer at the African Development Bank Group （AfDB） spoke to ChinAfrica reporter Liu Jian on China＇s investment in African mining.
