The bulky footprint of near-infrared(NIR)spectrometers has been limiting their applications in portable and movable systems for probing molecular compositions and structures.Quantum dot(QD)computational spectrometers ...The bulky footprint of near-infrared(NIR)spectrometers has been limiting their applications in portable and movable systems for probing molecular compositions and structures.Quantum dot(QD)computational spectrometers are a promising strategy for miniaturized NIR spectrometers,whose performance is limited by the poor spectral encoding matrix and,ultimately,the poor quality of PbS QDs.Here,we show that the monodispersity and finely controlled absorption peak of PbS QDs are critical parameters affecting the spectral resolution and noise resistance.Thus,a facile synthesis of a series of monodisperse PbS QDs from a single batch is developed using cation exchange synthesis in a seeded-growth manner.All the as-synthesized PbS QDs have narrow size distributions of below 4%,and the peak intervals can be controlled to within 3 nm.Furthermore,stable PbS QD inks are prepared by considering the compatibility between QD ligands,solvents,and polymers.The PbS QD filter array is fabricated using a contact printing method,exhibiting supreme transmittance curves and a spectral encoding matrix.The filter array is coupled with an InGaAs image sensor to form the QD NIR computational spectrometer.Thanks to the high-quality PbS QDs,the QD spectrometer shows a high spectral resolution of 1.5 nm in a broad wavelength range of 900−1700 nm and excellent spectral reconstruction of narrow and broad spectra with fidelities of above 0.987.Additionally,the QD spectrometer is applied to distinguish materials and accurately measure the alcohol content of white wines,demonstrating the great potential for practical applications of QD NIR spectrometers.展开更多
In the domain of spectroscopy,miniaturization efforts often face significant challenges,particularly in achieving high spectral resolution and precise construction.Here,we introduce a computational spectrometer powere...In the domain of spectroscopy,miniaturization efforts often face significant challenges,particularly in achieving high spectral resolution and precise construction.Here,we introduce a computational spectrometer powered by a nonlinear photonic memristor with a WSe2 homojunction.This approach overcomes traditional limitations,such as constrained Fermi level tunability,persistent dark current,and limited photoresponse dimensionality through dynamic energy band modulation driven by palladium(Pd)ion migration.The critical role of Pd ion migration is thoroughly supported by first-principles calculations,numerical simulations,and experimental verification,demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing device performance.Additionally,we integrate this dynamic modulation with a specialized nonlinear neural network tailored to address the memristor's inherent nonlinear photoresponse.This combination enables our spectrometer to achieve an exceptional peak wavelength accuracy of o.18 nm and a spectral resolution of 2 nm within the 630-640 nm range.This development marks a significant advancement in the creation of compact,high-effciency spectroscopic instruments and offers a versatile platform for applications across diverse material systems.展开更多
With the rapid development of nanofabrication and computational technology,on-chip computational spectrometers enable miniaturized,high-resolution spectral analysis.However,visible light on-chip spectrometers still fa...With the rapid development of nanofabrication and computational technology,on-chip computational spectrometers enable miniaturized,high-resolution spectral analysis.However,visible light on-chip spectrometers still face significant challenges in performance and cost-effectiveness.This study presents an on-chip computational spectrometer using amorphous silicon(a-Si)metasurfaces.A strategy is employed that combines a genetic algorithm(GA)to assist in improving the spectral reconstruction algorithm,which effectively minimizes reconstruction errors and maximizes spectral resolution.The device achieves 1.5 nm resolution with 25 filter channels across a 300 nm bandwidth.Fabricated via complementary-metal-oxidesemiconductor(CMOS)-compatible processes,the spectrometer delivers high performance,compactness,and cost-effectiveness,showing great promise for miniaturized visible light spectral applications.展开更多
The burgeoning field of computational spectrometers is rapidly advancing,providing a pathway to highly miniaturized,on-chip systems for in-situ or portable measurements.The performance of these systems is typically li...The burgeoning field of computational spectrometers is rapidly advancing,providing a pathway to highly miniaturized,on-chip systems for in-situ or portable measurements.The performance of these systems is typically limited in its encoder section.The response matrix is largely compromised with redundancies,due to the periodic intensity or overly smooth responses.As such,the inherent interdependence among the physical size,resolution,and bandwidth of spectral encoders poses a challenge to further miniaturization progress.Achieving high spectral resolution necessitates a long optical path length,leading to a larger footprint required for sufficient spectral decorrelation,resulting in a limited detectable free-spectral range(FSR).Here,we report a groundbreaking ultraminiaturized disordered photonic molecule spectrometer that surpasses the resolution-bandwidth-footprint metric of current spectrometers.This computational spectrometer utilizes complicated electromagnetic coupling to determinately generate quasi-random spectral response matrices,a feature absents in other state-of-the-art systems,fundamentally overcoming limitations present in the current technologies.This configuration yields an effectively infinite FSR while upholding a high Q-factor(>7.74×10^(5)).Through dynamic manipulation of photon frequency,amplitude,and phase,a broad operational bandwidth exceeding 100 nm can be attained with an ultra-high spectral resolution of 8 pm,all encapsulated within an ultra-compact footprint measuring 70×50μm^(2).The disordered photonic molecule spectrometer is constructed on a CMOS-compatible integrated photonics platform,presenting a pioneering approach for high-performance and highly manufacturable miniaturized spectroscopy.展开更多
Despite the pressing demand for integrated spectrometers,a solution that deliver high-performance while being practically operated is still missing.Furthermore,current integrated spectrometers lack reconfigurability i...Despite the pressing demand for integrated spectrometers,a solution that deliver high-performance while being practically operated is still missing.Furthermore,current integrated spectrometers lack reconfigurability in their performance,which is highly desirable for dynamic working scenarios.This study presents a viable solution by demonstrating a userfriendly,reconfigurable spectrometer on silicon.At the core of this innovative spectrometer is a programmable photonic circuit capable of exhibiting diverse spectral responses,which can be significantly adjusted using on-chip phase shifters.The distinguishing feature of our spectrometer lies in its inverse design approach,facilitating effortless control and efficient manipulation of the programmable circuit.By eliminating the need for intricate configuration,our design reduces power consumption and mitigates control complexity.Additionally,our reconfigurable spectrometer offers two distinct operating conditions.In the Ultra-High-Performance mode,it is activated by multiple phase-shifters and achieves exceptional spectral resolution in the picometer scale while maintaining broad bandwidth.On the other hand,the Ease-of-Use mode further simplifies the control logic and reduces power consumption by actuating a single-phase shifter.Although this mode provides a slightly degraded spectral resolution of approximately 0.3 nm,it prioritizes ease of use and is wellsuited for applications where ultra-fine spectral reconstruction is not a primary requirement.展开更多
Compact micro-spectrometers have gained significant attention due to their ease of integration and real-time spectrum measurement capabilities.However,size reduction often compromises performance,particularly in resol...Compact micro-spectrometers have gained significant attention due to their ease of integration and real-time spectrum measurement capabilities.However,size reduction often compromises performance,particularly in resolution and measurable wavelength range.This work proposes a computational micro-spectrometer based on an ultra-thin(~250 nm)detour-phased graphene oxide planar lens with a sub-millimeter footprint,utilizing a spectral-to-spatial mapping method.The varying intensity pattern along the focal axis of the lens acts as a measurement signal,simplifying the system and enabling real-time spectrum acquisition.Combined with computational retrieval method,an input spectrum is reconstructed with a wavelength interval down to 5 nm,representing a 5-time improvement compared with the result when not using computational method.In an optical compartment of 200μm by 200μm by 450μm from lens profile to the detector surface,the ultracompact spectrometer achieves broad spectrum measurement covering the visible range(420−750 nm)with a wavelength interval of 15 nm.Our compact computational micro-spectrometer paves the way for integration into portable,handheld,and wearable devices,holding promise for diverse real-time applications like in-situ health monitoring(e.g.,tracking blood glucose levels),food quality assessment,and portable counterfeit detection.展开更多
Miniaturized spectrometers with high resolving power and cost-effectiveness are desirable but remain an open challenge.In this work,we repurpose a fiber generated by the catastrophic fuse effect and ingeniously harnes...Miniaturized spectrometers with high resolving power and cost-effectiveness are desirable but remain an open challenge.In this work,we repurpose a fiber generated by the catastrophic fuse effect and ingeniously harness it for a speckle-based computational spectrometer.Without complex disorder engineering,the axially random micro-cavities in the fused fiber enhance the wavelength sensitivity of multimode interference,enabling a 10 cm fiber to achieve a spectral resolution of 0.1 nm.This performance exhibits sixfold improvement over a common multimode fiber configuration of the same length.Furthermore,we develop a spectral reconstruction method that combines a weighted transmission matrix with automatic differentiation,which reduces the reconstruction error by approximately half and enhances the peak signal-to-noise ratio by 6.12 dB compared to traditional Tikhonov regularization.Spectra spanning a 40 nm range,exhibiting both sparse and dense characteristics,are accurately reconstructed.To the best of our knowledge,this represents the first application of fused fiber in computational spectrometers,demonstrating its potential for a wide range of spectral measurement scenarios.展开更多
There has been a rapidly growing demand for low-cost,integrated single-shot spectrometers to be embedded in portable intelligent devices.Even though significant progress has been made in this area,two major problems a...There has been a rapidly growing demand for low-cost,integrated single-shot spectrometers to be embedded in portable intelligent devices.Even though significant progress has been made in this area,two major problems are still remaining,namely the high temperature sensitivity and poor bandwidth-resolution ratio(BRR)that can’t meet the requirement of most applications.In this work,we present an integrated single-shot spectrometer relying on a silicon photonic circuit that has a footprint less than 3mm2,but could achieve broad operation bandwidth about 100 nm and high resolution up to 0.1 nm(with a BRR~1000).Moreover,for the first time,we demonstrate an integrated spectrometer that could operate within a wide temperature range(between 10 and 70 degrees Celsius)without additional power consumption for temperature management.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA0715502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62475084)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Project of Wenzhou(No.G2023025)the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory(No.OVL2023ZD002)the Fund from Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(No.GJHZ20220913143403007).
文摘The bulky footprint of near-infrared(NIR)spectrometers has been limiting their applications in portable and movable systems for probing molecular compositions and structures.Quantum dot(QD)computational spectrometers are a promising strategy for miniaturized NIR spectrometers,whose performance is limited by the poor spectral encoding matrix and,ultimately,the poor quality of PbS QDs.Here,we show that the monodispersity and finely controlled absorption peak of PbS QDs are critical parameters affecting the spectral resolution and noise resistance.Thus,a facile synthesis of a series of monodisperse PbS QDs from a single batch is developed using cation exchange synthesis in a seeded-growth manner.All the as-synthesized PbS QDs have narrow size distributions of below 4%,and the peak intervals can be controlled to within 3 nm.Furthermore,stable PbS QD inks are prepared by considering the compatibility between QD ligands,solvents,and polymers.The PbS QD filter array is fabricated using a contact printing method,exhibiting supreme transmittance curves and a spectral encoding matrix.The filter array is coupled with an InGaAs image sensor to form the QD NIR computational spectrometer.Thanks to the high-quality PbS QDs,the QD spectrometer shows a high spectral resolution of 1.5 nm in a broad wavelength range of 900−1700 nm and excellent spectral reconstruction of narrow and broad spectra with fidelities of above 0.987.Additionally,the QD spectrometer is applied to distinguish materials and accurately measure the alcohol content of white wines,demonstrating the great potential for practical applications of QD NIR spectrometers.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1406900)Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0580000,XDB43010200,GJ0090406)+7 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62222514,62350073,U2341226,61991440,12227901)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(23ZR1482000,22JC1402900)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LR22F050004)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2019SHZDZX01)Youth Innovation Promotion Association(Y2021070)International Partnership Program(112GJHZ2022002FN)of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai Human Resources and Social Security Bureau(2022670)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023T160661,2022TQ0353and 2022M713261).
文摘In the domain of spectroscopy,miniaturization efforts often face significant challenges,particularly in achieving high spectral resolution and precise construction.Here,we introduce a computational spectrometer powered by a nonlinear photonic memristor with a WSe2 homojunction.This approach overcomes traditional limitations,such as constrained Fermi level tunability,persistent dark current,and limited photoresponse dimensionality through dynamic energy band modulation driven by palladium(Pd)ion migration.The critical role of Pd ion migration is thoroughly supported by first-principles calculations,numerical simulations,and experimental verification,demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing device performance.Additionally,we integrate this dynamic modulation with a specialized nonlinear neural network tailored to address the memristor's inherent nonlinear photoresponse.This combination enables our spectrometer to achieve an exceptional peak wavelength accuracy of o.18 nm and a spectral resolution of 2 nm within the 630-640 nm range.This development marks a significant advancement in the creation of compact,high-effciency spectroscopic instruments and offers a versatile platform for applications across diverse material systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62205193,62204149,and U23A20356)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFA1209100)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.24ZR1425000)the Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Sensing Chip Technologythe Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chips and Systems for Intelligent Connected Vehiclethe Shanghai Technical Service Computing Center of Science and Engineering,Shanghai University。
文摘With the rapid development of nanofabrication and computational technology,on-chip computational spectrometers enable miniaturized,high-resolution spectral analysis.However,visible light on-chip spectrometers still face significant challenges in performance and cost-effectiveness.This study presents an on-chip computational spectrometer using amorphous silicon(a-Si)metasurfaces.A strategy is employed that combines a genetic algorithm(GA)to assist in improving the spectral reconstruction algorithm,which effectively minimizes reconstruction errors and maximizes spectral resolution.The device achieves 1.5 nm resolution with 25 filter channels across a 300 nm bandwidth.Fabricated via complementary-metal-oxidesemiconductor(CMOS)-compatible processes,the spectrometer delivers high performance,compactness,and cost-effectiveness,showing great promise for miniaturized visible light spectral applications.
基金supports from National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB2800404)Natural Science Foundation of China(62175151,62341508)+1 种基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(BH0300071)a Leverhulme Trust Early Career Fellowship grant,reference ECF-2022-711.
文摘The burgeoning field of computational spectrometers is rapidly advancing,providing a pathway to highly miniaturized,on-chip systems for in-situ or portable measurements.The performance of these systems is typically limited in its encoder section.The response matrix is largely compromised with redundancies,due to the periodic intensity or overly smooth responses.As such,the inherent interdependence among the physical size,resolution,and bandwidth of spectral encoders poses a challenge to further miniaturization progress.Achieving high spectral resolution necessitates a long optical path length,leading to a larger footprint required for sufficient spectral decorrelation,resulting in a limited detectable free-spectral range(FSR).Here,we report a groundbreaking ultraminiaturized disordered photonic molecule spectrometer that surpasses the resolution-bandwidth-footprint metric of current spectrometers.This computational spectrometer utilizes complicated electromagnetic coupling to determinately generate quasi-random spectral response matrices,a feature absents in other state-of-the-art systems,fundamentally overcoming limitations present in the current technologies.This configuration yields an effectively infinite FSR while upholding a high Q-factor(>7.74×10^(5)).Through dynamic manipulation of photon frequency,amplitude,and phase,a broad operational bandwidth exceeding 100 nm can be attained with an ultra-high spectral resolution of 8 pm,all encapsulated within an ultra-compact footprint measuring 70×50μm^(2).The disordered photonic molecule spectrometer is constructed on a CMOS-compatible integrated photonics platform,presenting a pioneering approach for high-performance and highly manufacturable miniaturized spectroscopy.
基金supports from following sources:National Key R&D Program of China(grant No.2021YFB2801500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.62375126,No.62105149 and No.62334001)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(grant No.BK20210288)Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Laser&Infrared System(Shandong University),Minister of Education Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China,Soochow University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks,China Specially-appointed Professor Fund of Jiangsu.
文摘Despite the pressing demand for integrated spectrometers,a solution that deliver high-performance while being practically operated is still missing.Furthermore,current integrated spectrometers lack reconfigurability in their performance,which is highly desirable for dynamic working scenarios.This study presents a viable solution by demonstrating a userfriendly,reconfigurable spectrometer on silicon.At the core of this innovative spectrometer is a programmable photonic circuit capable of exhibiting diverse spectral responses,which can be significantly adjusted using on-chip phase shifters.The distinguishing feature of our spectrometer lies in its inverse design approach,facilitating effortless control and efficient manipulation of the programmable circuit.By eliminating the need for intricate configuration,our design reduces power consumption and mitigates control complexity.Additionally,our reconfigurable spectrometer offers two distinct operating conditions.In the Ultra-High-Performance mode,it is activated by multiple phase-shifters and achieves exceptional spectral resolution in the picometer scale while maintaining broad bandwidth.On the other hand,the Ease-of-Use mode further simplifies the control logic and reduces power consumption by actuating a single-phase shifter.Although this mode provides a slightly degraded spectral resolution of approximately 0.3 nm,it prioritizes ease of use and is wellsuited for applications where ultra-fine spectral reconstruction is not a primary requirement.
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0712500,2022YFC3401100)Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research No.2020B0301030009+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12004012,92150301,91750203,12041602,91850111,and 12004013)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M680230,2020M680220)The author would like to thank the High-performance Computing Platform of Peking UniversityThis work was also supported by Australia Research Council(Grant No.DP220100603,FT210100806,FT220100559)Industrial Transformation Training Centres scheme(Grant No.IC180100005),Linkage Project scheme(LP210200345).
文摘Compact micro-spectrometers have gained significant attention due to their ease of integration and real-time spectrum measurement capabilities.However,size reduction often compromises performance,particularly in resolution and measurable wavelength range.This work proposes a computational micro-spectrometer based on an ultra-thin(~250 nm)detour-phased graphene oxide planar lens with a sub-millimeter footprint,utilizing a spectral-to-spatial mapping method.The varying intensity pattern along the focal axis of the lens acts as a measurement signal,simplifying the system and enabling real-time spectrum acquisition.Combined with computational retrieval method,an input spectrum is reconstructed with a wavelength interval down to 5 nm,representing a 5-time improvement compared with the result when not using computational method.In an optical compartment of 200μm by 200μm by 450μm from lens profile to the detector surface,the ultracompact spectrometer achieves broad spectrum measurement covering the visible range(420−750 nm)with a wavelength interval of 15 nm.Our compact computational micro-spectrometer paves the way for integration into portable,handheld,and wearable devices,holding promise for diverse real-time applications like in-situ health monitoring(e.g.,tracking blood glucose levels),food quality assessment,and portable counterfeit detection.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62305391)Scientific Fund of National University of Defense Technology(22-061,BC-03)Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(XJJC2024016)。
文摘Miniaturized spectrometers with high resolving power and cost-effectiveness are desirable but remain an open challenge.In this work,we repurpose a fiber generated by the catastrophic fuse effect and ingeniously harness it for a speckle-based computational spectrometer.Without complex disorder engineering,the axially random micro-cavities in the fused fiber enhance the wavelength sensitivity of multimode interference,enabling a 10 cm fiber to achieve a spectral resolution of 0.1 nm.This performance exhibits sixfold improvement over a common multimode fiber configuration of the same length.Furthermore,we develop a spectral reconstruction method that combines a weighted transmission matrix with automatic differentiation,which reduces the reconstruction error by approximately half and enhances the peak signal-to-noise ratio by 6.12 dB compared to traditional Tikhonov regularization.Spectra spanning a 40 nm range,exhibiting both sparse and dense characteristics,are accurately reconstructed.To the best of our knowledge,this represents the first application of fused fiber in computational spectrometers,demonstrating its potential for a wide range of spectral measurement scenarios.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(grant No.2021YFB2801500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.62105149,No.62375126)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant No.NS2022043)Provincial Distinguished Professor Fund of Jiangsu,Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(grant No.BK20210288)State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks,China.
文摘There has been a rapidly growing demand for low-cost,integrated single-shot spectrometers to be embedded in portable intelligent devices.Even though significant progress has been made in this area,two major problems are still remaining,namely the high temperature sensitivity and poor bandwidth-resolution ratio(BRR)that can’t meet the requirement of most applications.In this work,we present an integrated single-shot spectrometer relying on a silicon photonic circuit that has a footprint less than 3mm2,but could achieve broad operation bandwidth about 100 nm and high resolution up to 0.1 nm(with a BRR~1000).Moreover,for the first time,we demonstrate an integrated spectrometer that could operate within a wide temperature range(between 10 and 70 degrees Celsius)without additional power consumption for temperature management.
