In this paper, we will demonstrate that there is a link between cosmology and the Planck scale. It has, in recent years, been shown that the Planck length can be determined independently of G, ℏ, and c, and that a ser...In this paper, we will demonstrate that there is a link between cosmology and the Planck scale. It has, in recent years, been shown that the Planck length can be determined independently of G, ℏ, and c, and that a series of cosmological predictions can be derived solely from two constants, namely the Planck length and the speed of gravity. The speed of gravity can be easily determined without knowledge of the speed of light [1] [2]. This provides a new perspective on cosmology and demonstrates that there is a link between the Planck scale and cosmology. This is fully consistent with a recent quantization of general relativity theory that links general relativity to the Compton frequency and the Planck scale. We examine both the Friedmann cosmology and the recently introduced cosmology based on the extremal solution of the Reissner-Nordström, Kerr, and Kerr-Newman metric.1.展开更多
In previous work, the electron radius was identified as the “actual electron radius.” However, this is more accurately described as the electron radius at rest. This study reexamines the electron with an emphasis on...In previous work, the electron radius was identified as the “actual electron radius.” However, this is more accurately described as the electron radius at rest. This study reexamines the electron with an emphasis on the electron radius under motion, incorporating the effects of length contraction. The findings suggest that the radius is subject to Lorentz contraction, which has interesting implications for relativistic effects at the subatomic level.展开更多
Here we derive Newton’s and Einstein’s gravitational results for any mass less than or equal to a Planck mass. All of the new formulas presented in this paper give the same numerical output as the traditional formul...Here we derive Newton’s and Einstein’s gravitational results for any mass less than or equal to a Planck mass. All of the new formulas presented in this paper give the same numerical output as the traditional formulas. However, they have been rewritten in a way that gives a new perspective on the formulas when working with gravity at the level of the subatomic world. To rewrite the well-known formulas in this way could make it easier to understand the strengths and weaknesses in Newton’s and Einstein’s gravitation formulas at the subatomic scale, potentially opening them up for new important interpretations and extensions. For example, we suggest that the speed of gravity equal to that of light is actually embedded and hidden inside of Newton’s gravitational formula.展开更多
It is shown that in Euclidean space with any number of spatial dimensions more than three, the Lorentz transform holds true if the proper time of each elementary particle is proportional to the length of its path in t...It is shown that in Euclidean space with any number of spatial dimensions more than three, the Lorentz transform holds true if the proper time of each elementary particle is proportional to the length of its path in the extra-dimensional subspace, and all elementary particles move at the speed of light in the complete space. The six-dimensional treatment of the Coulomb force of interaction between two charges is given. The electric force is due to the motion of charges in the extra-dimensional subspace and is equal to the corresponding Lorentz force.展开更多
A brief review and analysis of two historical models of the electron, the charged spinning sphere and Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck’s concept, is presented. It is shown that the enormous potential of classical electrodynami...A brief review and analysis of two historical models of the electron, the charged spinning sphere and Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck’s concept, is presented. It is shown that the enormous potential of classical electrodynamics has been underutilized in particle physics. Such observation leads to discovery of a principal component in the electron inner structure—the charged c-ring. The intrinsic (fundamental) electron model based on the charged c-ring successfully explains the ontology of the charge fractionation in quantum chromodynamics and the formation of Cooper pairs in superconductivity. The c-ring properties are explained on the basis of the General Compton Conditions as defined. Properties of the charged c-ring include the explanation of the boundary conditions, electro-magnetostatic field configuration, self-mass, spin, magnetic moment, and the gyromagnetic ratio. The self-mass of the intrinsic electron is 100% electro-magnetostatic and it is shown how to compute its value. The classical-quantum divide no longer exists. Relation between the intrinsic electron and the electron is fundamentally defined. The electron is the composite fermion consisting of the intrinsic electron and the neutrino. The ontology of the anomaly in the electron magnetic moment is demonstrated—it is due to the addition of the neutrino magnetic moment to the overall electron magnetic moment. The intrinsic electron replaces the W? boson in particle physics, resulting in a fundamental implication for the Standard Model.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we will demonstrate that there is a link between cosmology and the Planck scale. It has, in recent years, been shown that the Planck length can be determined independently of G, ℏ, and c, and that a series of cosmological predictions can be derived solely from two constants, namely the Planck length and the speed of gravity. The speed of gravity can be easily determined without knowledge of the speed of light [1] [2]. This provides a new perspective on cosmology and demonstrates that there is a link between the Planck scale and cosmology. This is fully consistent with a recent quantization of general relativity theory that links general relativity to the Compton frequency and the Planck scale. We examine both the Friedmann cosmology and the recently introduced cosmology based on the extremal solution of the Reissner-Nordström, Kerr, and Kerr-Newman metric.1.
文摘In previous work, the electron radius was identified as the “actual electron radius.” However, this is more accurately described as the electron radius at rest. This study reexamines the electron with an emphasis on the electron radius under motion, incorporating the effects of length contraction. The findings suggest that the radius is subject to Lorentz contraction, which has interesting implications for relativistic effects at the subatomic level.
文摘Here we derive Newton’s and Einstein’s gravitational results for any mass less than or equal to a Planck mass. All of the new formulas presented in this paper give the same numerical output as the traditional formulas. However, they have been rewritten in a way that gives a new perspective on the formulas when working with gravity at the level of the subatomic world. To rewrite the well-known formulas in this way could make it easier to understand the strengths and weaknesses in Newton’s and Einstein’s gravitation formulas at the subatomic scale, potentially opening them up for new important interpretations and extensions. For example, we suggest that the speed of gravity equal to that of light is actually embedded and hidden inside of Newton’s gravitational formula.
文摘It is shown that in Euclidean space with any number of spatial dimensions more than three, the Lorentz transform holds true if the proper time of each elementary particle is proportional to the length of its path in the extra-dimensional subspace, and all elementary particles move at the speed of light in the complete space. The six-dimensional treatment of the Coulomb force of interaction between two charges is given. The electric force is due to the motion of charges in the extra-dimensional subspace and is equal to the corresponding Lorentz force.
文摘A brief review and analysis of two historical models of the electron, the charged spinning sphere and Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck’s concept, is presented. It is shown that the enormous potential of classical electrodynamics has been underutilized in particle physics. Such observation leads to discovery of a principal component in the electron inner structure—the charged c-ring. The intrinsic (fundamental) electron model based on the charged c-ring successfully explains the ontology of the charge fractionation in quantum chromodynamics and the formation of Cooper pairs in superconductivity. The c-ring properties are explained on the basis of the General Compton Conditions as defined. Properties of the charged c-ring include the explanation of the boundary conditions, electro-magnetostatic field configuration, self-mass, spin, magnetic moment, and the gyromagnetic ratio. The self-mass of the intrinsic electron is 100% electro-magnetostatic and it is shown how to compute its value. The classical-quantum divide no longer exists. Relation between the intrinsic electron and the electron is fundamentally defined. The electron is the composite fermion consisting of the intrinsic electron and the neutrino. The ontology of the anomaly in the electron magnetic moment is demonstrated—it is due to the addition of the neutrino magnetic moment to the overall electron magnetic moment. The intrinsic electron replaces the W? boson in particle physics, resulting in a fundamental implication for the Standard Model.
