Aging is one of the greatest risk factors for morbidity caused by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID19).In older individuals,a dysregulated immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2...Aging is one of the greatest risk factors for morbidity caused by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID19).In older individuals,a dysregulated immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection contributes to disease severity;however,the underlying mechanism remains elusive.In this study,we established an aging mouse model of COVID-19,successfully replicating the development of a relatively severe disease in older adults.Further single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed a distinct immune cell landscape in the infected lungs,accompanied by an over-activated inflammatory response,especially in aging mice.Compared to young mice,aging mice showed extensive neutrophil activation,NETosis,and a dramatic decrease in the number of alveolar macrophages(AMs).Moreover,as important executors of efferocytosis,AMs exhibited a low efferocytotic gene signature and downregulation of multiple efferocytosis receptors in aged mice.Further analysis indicated that the efferocytosis of neutrophils,whether undergoing apoptosis or NETosis,was compromised after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Since efferocytosis is a key process in inflammatory resolution,impaired efferocytosis may contribute to hyperinflammation in aging lungs.Our study reveals the characteristics and role of efferocytosis in aging mice after SARS-CoV-2 infection and provides valuable insights for the potential treatment of COVID-19.展开更多
Oats, frequently incorporated into skincare formulations for their anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, and barrier-repairing properties, may present an overlooked risk to individuals with celiac disease, particularly whe...Oats, frequently incorporated into skincare formulations for their anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, and barrier-repairing properties, may present an overlooked risk to individuals with celiac disease, particularly when applied to compromised skin. Although pure oats are inherently gluten-free, the widespread contamination with gluten-containing grains like wheat, barley, or rye during agricultural and processing stages introduces the potential for gluten exposure through topical application. This raises important questions about whether gluten proteins, when applied to damaged skin, might penetrate the epidermal barrier and contribute to immune responses in genetically predisposed celiac patients, given that even minute amounts of gluten can trigger systemic symptoms. Emerging evidence suggests that transdermal absorption of gluten peptides through impaired skin integrity might bypass the gastrointestinal route, yet the precise mechanisms and clinical significance of this pathway remain poorly understood. The role of compromised skin in facilitating gluten absorption and the possible activation of CD4+ T-cells, mimicking gastrointestinal pathways, warrants further investigation. Additionally, the ability of gluten peptides to reach deeper dermal layers and potentially enter the systemic circulation remains speculative, though theoretically possible in severely disrupted skin barriers. Without clinical and molecular studies to determine the risk of topical gluten exposure, particularly in celiac patients with skin injuries, there remains a potential for undetected immune activation and subsequent adverse health outcomes in this sensitive population.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 which is officially known as COVID-19 belongs to family viruses. COVID-19 manifestations vary among affected people. These symptoms may become more ser...<strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 which is officially known as COVID-19 belongs to family viruses. COVID-19 manifestations vary among affected people. These symptoms may become more serious among patients suffering from chronic disease and those who are on treatment which may af-fect their defense mechanism or immune-compromised patients who become more vulnerable to complications of COVID-19, and at high risk for morbidity and mortality with any bacterial or viral illness. <strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective, non-experimental research design was applied with a quantitative approach among patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to COVID-19 department at AVH with a total of 72 patients. Data were extracted from a patients’ elec-tronic medical record. <strong>Results:</strong> During COVID-19 outbreak 72 patients were admitted to COVID department at AVH, 54.2% were female and 33% of study participants were from Gaza governorate followed by Jerusalem 27%. Most participants 34.7% had first clinic visit after two days from the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. 45.8% were discharged to home while 13.9% died. All inflammatory markers that include ferritin, C-RP, IL-6 and D-dimer are in-creasing in all patients that were admitted to hospital;IL-6 and D-dimer were significant inflammatory markers in relation to the mortality rate. The study found the risk of mortality with IL-6 mean (218.5), and D-dimer mean (12). Furthermore there was a relation between increased risk of mortality and im-mune comprised. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Mortality rate increased among COVID-19 pa-tients when IL-6 was higher than 218.5 and D-dimer higher than 12, and there was a relationship between increased risk of mortality and immune comprised.展开更多
Phone number recycling(PNR)refers to the event wherein a mobile operator collects a disconnected number and reassigns it to a new owner.It has posed a threat to the reliability of the existing authentication solution ...Phone number recycling(PNR)refers to the event wherein a mobile operator collects a disconnected number and reassigns it to a new owner.It has posed a threat to the reliability of the existing authentication solution for e-commerce platforms.Specifically,a new owner of a reassigned number can access the application account with which the number is associated,and may perform fraudulent activities.Existing solutions that employ a reassigned number database from mobile operators are costly for e-commerce platforms with large-scale users.Thus,alternative solutions that depend on only the information of the applications are imperative.In this work,we study the problem of detecting accounts that have been compromised owing to the reassignment of phone numbers.Our analysis on Meituan's real-world dataset shows that compromised accounts have unique statistical features and temporal patterns.Based on the observations,we propose a novel model called temporal pattern and statistical feature fusion model(TSF)to tackle the problem,which integrates a temporal pattern encoder and a statistical feature encoder to capture behavioral evolutionary interaction and significant operation features.Extensive experiments on the Meituan and IEEE-CIS datasets show that TSF significantly outperforms the baselines,demonstrating its effectiveness in detecting compromised accounts due to reassigned numbers.展开更多
The illegal use of compromised email accounts by adversaries can have severe consequences for enterprises and society.Detecting compromised email accounts is more challenging than in the social network field,where ema...The illegal use of compromised email accounts by adversaries can have severe consequences for enterprises and society.Detecting compromised email accounts is more challenging than in the social network field,where email accounts have only a few interaction events(sending and receiving).To address the issue of insufficient features,we propose a novel approach to detecting compromised accounts by combining time zone differences and alternate logins to identify abnormal behavior.Based on this approach,we propose a compromised email account detection framework that relies on widely available and less sensitive login logs and does not require labels.Our framework characterizes login behaviors to identify logins that do not belong to the account owner and outputs a list of account-subnet pairs ranked by their likelihood of having abnormal login relationships.This approach reduces the number of account-subnet pairs that need to be investigated and provides a reference for investigation priority.Our evaluation demonstrates that our method can detect most email accounts that have been accessed by disclosed malicious IP addresses and outperforms similar research.Additionally,our framework has the capability to uncover undisclosed malicious IP addresses.展开更多
Background Radical lung resection is the best chance for cure in patients with anatomically resectable non-small cell lung cancer. A retrospective study was performed in an attempt to investigate general rules of majo...Background Radical lung resection is the best chance for cure in patients with anatomically resectable non-small cell lung cancer. A retrospective study was performed in an attempt to investigate general rules of major lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer in patients with compromised pulmonary function. Methods Between June 2002 and December 2008, major lung resection was performed in 127 non-small cell lung cancer patients at our institution, who met the criteria of compromised pulmonary function defined as preoperative forced vital capacity 〈50% of prediction or preoperative forced expiratory volume in one second 〈50% of prediction. Clinical data of the patients were retrospectively reviewed. Results The patients consisted of 108 males （85.0%） and 19 females （15.0%） with a mean age of 61.7 years. The morbidity rate was 44.1% （56/127） and the mortality rate was 4.7% （6/127）. Multivariate analysis identified PaCO2 （P=0.023, OR=2.959, 95% Cl 1.164-7.522）, the percent predicted postoperative diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide （P=0.001, OR=0.176, 95% Cl 0.064-0.480） and comprehensive preoperative preparation （P=0.048, OR=0.417, 95% Cl 0.176-0.993） as the independent predictors of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications that were found in 45 cases. Overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 90%, 55% and 37% respectively. For overall survival, multivariate analysis revealed that TNM staging （P=0.004, OR=1.585, 95% Cl 1.154-2.178） was the only independent prognostic factor. Conclusions On the premise of integrated preoperative evaluation and comprehensive preoperative preparation, major lung resection provides an optimal therapeutic for selected non-small cell lung cancer patients with compromised pulmonary function. Hypercapnea and the percent predicted postoperative diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide 〈40% could be considered as the independent predictive factors for operative risk in those Datients.展开更多
Colistin serves as a crucial treatment for multidrugresistant(MDR)Gram-negative bacterial infections.However,its excessive use has contributed to an increase in colistin-resistant strains within livestock production(B...Colistin serves as a crucial treatment for multidrugresistant(MDR)Gram-negative bacterial infections.However,its excessive use has contributed to an increase in colistin-resistant strains within livestock production(Binsker et al.2022).The mobile colistin resistance gene,mcr,which reduces colistin affinity by incorporating phosphoethanolamine(pEtN)into the bacterial lipopolysaccharide,significantly compromises the effectiveness of colistin treatments(Liu et al.2016).展开更多
Bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES), is a rare and self-limiting condition characterized by localized bone pain and transient marrow edema visible on MRI. BMES has been increasingly associated with specific cutaneous ma...Bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES), is a rare and self-limiting condition characterized by localized bone pain and transient marrow edema visible on MRI. BMES has been increasingly associated with specific cutaneous manifestations that may hold diagnostic and prognostic significance. Patients with BMES have reported localized erythema, dermal thickening, and induration overlying the affected joints, which are hypothesized to reflect microvascular compromise and inflammatory processes within the bone and adjacent soft tissues. Dermatologic signs are likely linked to regional hyperemia, venous stasis, and cytokine-mediated inflammation, paralleling the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying intraosseous edema. Elevated intraosseous pressure in BMES may disrupt local perfusion, resulting in ischemia-reperfusion injury and subsequent vascular leakage, which manifests in visible cutaneous changes. Pro-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1β and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), central to BMES pathogenesis, may exacerbate endothelial activation, and dermal involvement. Histopathologic studies of affected skin have revealed perivascular lymphocytic infiltration and increased dermal vascularity, further supporting the theory of a shared ischemic and inflammatory pathway between bone and skin. Although MRI remains the gold standard for BMES diagnosis, recognition of these cutaneous manifestations could expedite orthopedic referral and intervention, especially in cases where imaging is delayed or symptoms are ambiguous. Current treatment options, including bisphosphonates, prostacyclin analogs, and offloading of weight bearing, may benefit from integration with dermatologic strategies to alleviate localized cutaneous symptoms and improve patient comfort. Evaluating the molecular and vascular links between BMES and its cutaneous manifestations provides an opportunity to refine diagnostic protocols and therapeutic approaches, offering a comprehensive understanding of the systemic interplay between dermal and skeletal pathophysiology, and optimizing clinical outcomes for patients affected by BMES.展开更多
AIM To assess the utility of NLR,PLR,IMT and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)aspredictive markers for monitoring inflammatory responses and the disease activity in cardiac involvementin Takayasu’s arteritis.METHODS...AIM To assess the utility of NLR,PLR,IMT and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)aspredictive markers for monitoring inflammatory responses and the disease activity in cardiac involvementin Takayasu’s arteritis.METHODS A cohort retrospective study encompassing 86 patients(43 withcardiac compromise and 43 without)was conducted.A comparative analysis of NLR,PLR,IMT,andCEUS between TA patients with and without cardiac compromise was undertaken.RESULTS The NLR and PLR of the heart damage group were significantly higher than those of the non heart damagegroup(2.9±1.0 vs.2.1±0.8,P<0.01;166±79 vs.117±51,P<0.01).The IMT and CEUS of the heartdamage group were significantly higher than those of the TA non heart damage group(2.6±0.6 vs.1.5±0.4,P<0.01;2.6±0.5 vs.1.6±0.6,P<0.01).The NLR level of the heart damage group was positivelycorrelated with CRP(r=0.42,P<0.01),and PLR was positively correlated with CRP and CEUS(r=0.34,P<0.05;r=0.35,P<0.05).The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that NLR,IMT,andCEUS were independent risk factors for TA and cardiac damage.The area under the ROC curve for NLRto determine cardiac damage is 0.865,with a cut-off value of 2.265,a sensitivity of 69.8%,and aspecificity of 90.7%.The area under the ROC curve for determining cardiac damage using PLR is 0.812,with a cut-off value of 111.275,a sensitivity of 76.7%,and a specificity of 79.1%.CONCLUSION NLR and PLR,in conjunction with contrast-enhanced ultrasound,can be employed to assessinflammatory response and the disease activity in cardiac involvement in Takayasu’s arteritis.展开更多
A plant fermentation was carried out by Yeast and Lactobaccilli against fermented black turmeric, Kaempferia parviflora (FBT). These materials were proved by as safe in animal safety experiment. We tried to investigat...A plant fermentation was carried out by Yeast and Lactobaccilli against fermented black turmeric, Kaempferia parviflora (FBT). These materials were proved by as safe in animal safety experiment. We tried to investigate changes of immune-competent cells that commonly utilized FBT, including after administration of immno-suppressed animals, the effects by FBT on the regulated effect on the cells were evaluated. Our results showed that FBT augmented the level of lymphocytes in number, while FBT regulated the level of granulocytes in both number and function. In our clinical study with 20 healthy volunteers, granulocyte and lymphocyte ratio suggesting their constitution as neutral in peripheral blood were increased significantly 30 days after the administration of FBT in rodents, and compromised host was prepared with cancer chemotherapeutic agent (Mytomycin-C). Our observations showed against intracellular parasite, and that FBT augmented intercellular pathogen through humoral immunity. We discussed the significance and mechanism of FBT on the level of leukocyte subsets in number and function that were considered to be potential indicators for the activation of the compromised host. We also proposed an idea that FBT exhibited tonic effects via activating complement components. The evidences were shown by immune-electrophoretic method. Moreover, we tried to access further to the anti-oxidative activities of this FBT. This modification brought to the significant lift up for antibody producing cells and anti-oxidative activity for phagocytic cells.展开更多
A plant fermentation was carried out by Yeast and Lactobacilli against single cellular algae (f-Chlorella). These materials were proved by as safe in animal safety experiment. We sought to look into changes of immune-...A plant fermentation was carried out by Yeast and Lactobacilli against single cellular algae (f-Chlorella). These materials were proved by as safe in animal safety experiment. We sought to look into changes of immune-competent cells that commonly utilized f-Chlorella including after administration of immno-suppressed animals. The effects by f-Chlorella on the regurational effect to the host were measured. Our results showed that f-Chlorella regulated the level of lymphocytes, while conventional-Chlorella worked to adjust the level of granulocytes. In our clinical study with 20 healthy volunteers, granulocyte and lymphocyte ratio was obtained as neutral in the peripheral blood. In rodents, immune-compromised host as well as normal animal were prepared with cancer chemotherapeutic agent (Mytomycin-C), and then tried to rescue the immune-competent rebel. Our observations showed that both Chlorella derivatives regulated in number and functions. The effect was more prominent in f-Chlorella than that of conventional one. We discussed the significance and mechanism of f-Chlorella on the level of leukocyte subsets in number and function. These effects were considered to bring the potential elevation of antibody secreting cell by the localized heamolysis in gel method. We also proposed an idea that exhibited tonic effects were brought via activating the complement components in the serum. Moreover, we tried to access further to the anti-oxidative activities of this f-Chlorella. This modification brought to the significant lifted up for immune competent cells and anti-oxidative activity for phagocytic cells.展开更多
A hemopoietic formula (HF) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) usually consists of more than six single herbs. We seek to look into changes of immune-competent cells by two commonly utilized HF, including Shi-Quan-D...A hemopoietic formula (HF) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) usually consists of more than six single herbs. We seek to look into changes of immune-competent cells by two commonly utilized HF, including Shi-Quan-Da-Bu-Tang (SDT) and Bu-Zong-Ye-Qi-Tang (BYT). However, the effects of both formulae on levels of leukocyte subsets are not yet defied. After administration of immno-suppressant to animals, the effects by HFs on the augmentation for subsets of leukocytes, CD positive cell counts of lymphocytes, and the cytokine-producing cells are measured. Our results show that SDT augments the level of lymphocytes, while BYT increases the level of granulocytes. In our clinical study with 15 healthy volunteers, positive cells for CD2, CD11b, CD14, IL-4, IL-1β and IFN-γ in peripheral blood are increased significantly 15 days after the ingestion of HFs. In rodents, compromised host as well as normal animal is administered with cancer chemotherapeutic agent (Mytomycin-C). Our observations show that SDT regulates phagocyte activities of the immune system, introducing it against intracellular parasite, and that BYT augments intercellular pathogen through humoral immunity. We discuss the significance and mechanism of HFs on the level of leukocyte subsets in number and function that are considered to be potential indicators for the evaluation of TCM modalities. We also propose an idea that TCM exhibits tonic effects via enhancing the ability to fight against infection and bacteria, as well as turning the multi-drug resistant bacteria to the sensitive ones. Together with these evidences, we suggest an ideal remedy for the compromised to fight host against pathogens. Moreover, we try to modify these hemopoietic formulae to more digestive forms. This modification brings to the significant lifted up for antibody producing cells and anti-oxidative activity for phagocytic cells.展开更多
A plant material consisted by Family Poaceae was fermented by Yeast and Lactobaccilli (U-164). This material was proved by as safe in animal safety experiment for oral administration. In order to prove the effect of U...A plant material consisted by Family Poaceae was fermented by Yeast and Lactobaccilli (U-164). This material was proved by as safe in animal safety experiment for oral administration. In order to prove the effect of U-164 against physiological function, the animal and human trials were set up to look into mainly leukocyte functions. In animal experiment, anti-oxidative effect and antibody response in immune-compromised host and diabetes meritus were made up. For human use, peripheral lymphocyte in number and subset ratio were followed up to one month after administration. In order to understand its effect, human complement component analysis was made by immune-electrophoresis. Our results showed that U-164 augmented the level of lymphocytes, while U-164 down regulated the level of granulocytes. In our clinical study with 19 healthy volunteers, granulocyte and lymphocyte ratio was obtained as neutral in peripheral blood being increased significantly 30 days after the ingestion of U-164. In experimental animal study, the compromised host as well as normal animal was administered with cancer chemotherapeutic agent (Mytomycin-C). Our observations showed against antibody producing cell, this material recovered the antibody production in the host compromising the immure responsiveness. We also proposed an idea that U-164 exhibited tonic effects via activating complement components. Moreover, we tried to access further to the anti-oxidative activities of this U-164. This modification brought to the significant lifted up for anti-oxidative activity for phagocytic cell.展开更多
<strong>Background</strong>: Redo aortic valve replacement for prosthetic valve endocarditis is a challenge for surgeons. Echocardiography is occasionally not an effective modality for the detection of inf...<strong>Background</strong>: Redo aortic valve replacement for prosthetic valve endocarditis is a challenge for surgeons. Echocardiography is occasionally not an effective modality for the detection of infectious signs in prosthetic valve endocarditis. <strong>Case presentation</strong>: Herein, we report the case of a patient whose prosthetic valve endocarditis was detected by multidetector computed tomography and who successfully underwent redo aortic valve replacement. Preoperative echocardiography revealed no remarkable findings related to endocarditis such as perivalvular leakage or vegetation;however, multidetector computed tomography revealed a thickened right coronary cusp. Intraoperatively, the right coronary cusp was confirmed to be covered with thick infected tissue. The pathological findings revealed broad destruction due to infection of the right coronary cusp. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Multidetector computed tomography was useful in detecting infectious signs in prosthetic valves.展开更多
In this paper, a fish farm was modeled using the Lexicographic linear goal programming approach due to incommensurability in objectives. The study considered the fish farming plan with two sizes of catfish from stocki...In this paper, a fish farm was modeled using the Lexicographic linear goal programming approach due to incommensurability in objectives. The study considered the fish farming plan with two sizes of catfish from stocking to harvesting at four-month intervals. The multi-objective goals developed are required raw materials feed, water, light (resource utilization), sales revenue, profit realized, labor utilization, production costs, and pond utilization. The developed model was tested using related data collected from the farm records with the use of TORA 2007 software. The compromised solution from the results showed that the developed model is an efficient tool for decision-making process in the fish farm business organization.展开更多
The paternally inherited Y chromosome has been widely used in forensics for personal identification, in anthropology and population genetics to understand origin and migration of human populations, and also in medical...The paternally inherited Y chromosome has been widely used in forensics for personal identification, in anthropology and population genetics to understand origin and migration of human populations, and also in medical and clinical studies （Wang and Li, 2013; Wang et al., 2014）. There are two kinds of extremely useful markers in Y chromosome, single nucle- otide polymorphism （SNP） and short tandem repeats （STRs）. With a very low mutation rate on the order of 3.0 x 10-8 mutations/nucleotide/generation （Xue et al., 2009）, SNP markers have been used in constructing a robust phylogeny tree linking all the Y chromosome lineages from world pop- ulations （Karafet et al., 2008）. Those lineages determined by the pattern of SNPs are called haplogroups. That is to say, we have to genotype an appropriate number of SNPs in order to assign a given Y chromosome to a haplogroup. Compared with SNPs, the mutation rates of STR markers are about four to five orders of magnitude higher （Gusmgo et al., 2005; Ballantyne et al., 2010）. Typing STR has advantages of saving time and cost compared with typing SNPs in phylogenetic assignment of a Y chromosome （Wang et al., 2010）. A set of STR values for an individual is called a haplotype. Because of the disparity in mutation rates between SNP and STR, one SNP haplogroup could actually comprise many STR haplotypes （Wang et al., 2010）. It is most interesting that STR variability is clustered more by haplogroups than by populations （Bosch et al., 1999; Behar et al., 2004）, which indicates that STR haplotypes could be used to infer the haplogroup information of a given Y chromosome. There has been increasing interest in this cost- effective strategy for predicting the haplogroup from a given STR haplotype when SNP data are unavailable. For instance, Vadim Urasin＇s YPredictor （http：//predictor.ydna.ru/）, Whit Atheys＇ haplogroup predictor （http：//www.hprg.com/hapest5/） （Athey, 2005, 2006）, and haplogroup classifier of Arizona University （Schlecht et al., 2008） have been widely employed in previous studies for haplogroup prediction （Larmuseau et al., 2010; Bembea et al., 2011; Larmuseau et al., 2012; Tarlykov et al., 2013）.展开更多
We are the first to report a case that showed spontaneous resolution of epidural hematoma which was related to a steroid-induced osteoporotic compression fracture.The patient had a painful fracture with an intraverteb...We are the first to report a case that showed spontaneous resolution of epidural hematoma which was related to a steroid-induced osteoporotic compression fracture.The patient had a painful fracture with an intravertebral cleft at L1 accompanying an epidural hematoma posteriorly.Immediate pain relief was achieved after percutaneous vertebroplasty.Complete resolution of hematoma was noted three months after procedure.We theorized that intravertebral stability after treatment might have played a role in this patient.展开更多
During the past decade,rapid advances in wireless communication technologies have made it possible for users to access desired services using hand-held devices.Service providers have hosted multiple servers to ensure ...During the past decade,rapid advances in wireless communication technologies have made it possible for users to access desired services using hand-held devices.Service providers have hosted multiple servers to ensure seamless online services to end-users.To ensure the security of this online communication,researchers have proposed several multi-server authentication schemes incorporating various cryptographic primitives.Due to the low power and computational capacities of mobile devices,the hash-based multi-server authenticated key agreement schemes with offline Registration Server(RS)are the most efficient choice.Recently,Kumar-Om presented such a scheme and proved its security against all renowned attacks.However,we find that their scheme bears an incorrect login phase,and is unsafe to the trace attack,the Session-Specific Temporary Information Attack(SSTIA),and the Key Compromise Impersonation Attack(KCIA).In fact,all of the existing multi-server authentication schemes(hash-based with offline RS)do not withstand KCLA.To deal with this situation,we propose an improved hash-based multi-server authentication scheme(with offline RS).We analyze the security of the proposed scheme under the random oracle model and use the t4Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications''(AVISPA)tool.The comparative analysis of communication overhead and computational complexity metrics shows the efficiency of the proposed scheme.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(NKPs)(2022YFC2604101).
文摘Aging is one of the greatest risk factors for morbidity caused by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID19).In older individuals,a dysregulated immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection contributes to disease severity;however,the underlying mechanism remains elusive.In this study,we established an aging mouse model of COVID-19,successfully replicating the development of a relatively severe disease in older adults.Further single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed a distinct immune cell landscape in the infected lungs,accompanied by an over-activated inflammatory response,especially in aging mice.Compared to young mice,aging mice showed extensive neutrophil activation,NETosis,and a dramatic decrease in the number of alveolar macrophages(AMs).Moreover,as important executors of efferocytosis,AMs exhibited a low efferocytotic gene signature and downregulation of multiple efferocytosis receptors in aged mice.Further analysis indicated that the efferocytosis of neutrophils,whether undergoing apoptosis or NETosis,was compromised after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Since efferocytosis is a key process in inflammatory resolution,impaired efferocytosis may contribute to hyperinflammation in aging lungs.Our study reveals the characteristics and role of efferocytosis in aging mice after SARS-CoV-2 infection and provides valuable insights for the potential treatment of COVID-19.
文摘Oats, frequently incorporated into skincare formulations for their anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, and barrier-repairing properties, may present an overlooked risk to individuals with celiac disease, particularly when applied to compromised skin. Although pure oats are inherently gluten-free, the widespread contamination with gluten-containing grains like wheat, barley, or rye during agricultural and processing stages introduces the potential for gluten exposure through topical application. This raises important questions about whether gluten proteins, when applied to damaged skin, might penetrate the epidermal barrier and contribute to immune responses in genetically predisposed celiac patients, given that even minute amounts of gluten can trigger systemic symptoms. Emerging evidence suggests that transdermal absorption of gluten peptides through impaired skin integrity might bypass the gastrointestinal route, yet the precise mechanisms and clinical significance of this pathway remain poorly understood. The role of compromised skin in facilitating gluten absorption and the possible activation of CD4+ T-cells, mimicking gastrointestinal pathways, warrants further investigation. Additionally, the ability of gluten peptides to reach deeper dermal layers and potentially enter the systemic circulation remains speculative, though theoretically possible in severely disrupted skin barriers. Without clinical and molecular studies to determine the risk of topical gluten exposure, particularly in celiac patients with skin injuries, there remains a potential for undetected immune activation and subsequent adverse health outcomes in this sensitive population.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 which is officially known as COVID-19 belongs to family viruses. COVID-19 manifestations vary among affected people. These symptoms may become more serious among patients suffering from chronic disease and those who are on treatment which may af-fect their defense mechanism or immune-compromised patients who become more vulnerable to complications of COVID-19, and at high risk for morbidity and mortality with any bacterial or viral illness. <strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective, non-experimental research design was applied with a quantitative approach among patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to COVID-19 department at AVH with a total of 72 patients. Data were extracted from a patients’ elec-tronic medical record. <strong>Results:</strong> During COVID-19 outbreak 72 patients were admitted to COVID department at AVH, 54.2% were female and 33% of study participants were from Gaza governorate followed by Jerusalem 27%. Most participants 34.7% had first clinic visit after two days from the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. 45.8% were discharged to home while 13.9% died. All inflammatory markers that include ferritin, C-RP, IL-6 and D-dimer are in-creasing in all patients that were admitted to hospital;IL-6 and D-dimer were significant inflammatory markers in relation to the mortality rate. The study found the risk of mortality with IL-6 mean (218.5), and D-dimer mean (12). Furthermore there was a relation between increased risk of mortality and im-mune comprised. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Mortality rate increased among COVID-19 pa-tients when IL-6 was higher than 218.5 and D-dimer higher than 12, and there was a relationship between increased risk of mortality and immune comprised.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62072115,62202402,61971145,and 61602122)the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan Project(No.22510713600)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(Nos.2022A1515011583 and 2023A1515011562)the One-off Tier 2 Start-up Grant(2020/2021)of Hong Kong Baptist University(Ref.RCOFSGT2/20-21/COMM/002)Startup Grant(Tier 1)for New Academics AY2020/21 of Hong Kong Baptist University and Germany/Hong Kong Joint Research Scheme sponsored by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong,China,the German Academic Exchange Service of Germany(No.G-HKBU203/22),and Meituan。
文摘Phone number recycling(PNR)refers to the event wherein a mobile operator collects a disconnected number and reassigns it to a new owner.It has posed a threat to the reliability of the existing authentication solution for e-commerce platforms.Specifically,a new owner of a reassigned number can access the application account with which the number is associated,and may perform fraudulent activities.Existing solutions that employ a reassigned number database from mobile operators are costly for e-commerce platforms with large-scale users.Thus,alternative solutions that depend on only the information of the applications are imperative.In this work,we study the problem of detecting accounts that have been compromised owing to the reassignment of phone numbers.Our analysis on Meituan's real-world dataset shows that compromised accounts have unique statistical features and temporal patterns.Based on the observations,we propose a novel model called temporal pattern and statistical feature fusion model(TSF)to tackle the problem,which integrates a temporal pattern encoder and a statistical feature encoder to capture behavioral evolutionary interaction and significant operation features.Extensive experiments on the Meituan and IEEE-CIS datasets show that TSF significantly outperforms the baselines,demonstrating its effectiveness in detecting compromised accounts due to reassigned numbers.
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2019163)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDC02040100)the Key Laboratory of Network Assessment Technology at Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Network security and Protection Technology.
文摘The illegal use of compromised email accounts by adversaries can have severe consequences for enterprises and society.Detecting compromised email accounts is more challenging than in the social network field,where email accounts have only a few interaction events(sending and receiving).To address the issue of insufficient features,we propose a novel approach to detecting compromised accounts by combining time zone differences and alternate logins to identify abnormal behavior.Based on this approach,we propose a compromised email account detection framework that relies on widely available and less sensitive login logs and does not require labels.Our framework characterizes login behaviors to identify logins that do not belong to the account owner and outputs a list of account-subnet pairs ranked by their likelihood of having abnormal login relationships.This approach reduces the number of account-subnet pairs that need to be investigated and provides a reference for investigation priority.Our evaluation demonstrates that our method can detect most email accounts that have been accessed by disclosed malicious IP addresses and outperforms similar research.Additionally,our framework has the capability to uncover undisclosed malicious IP addresses.
文摘Background Radical lung resection is the best chance for cure in patients with anatomically resectable non-small cell lung cancer. A retrospective study was performed in an attempt to investigate general rules of major lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer in patients with compromised pulmonary function. Methods Between June 2002 and December 2008, major lung resection was performed in 127 non-small cell lung cancer patients at our institution, who met the criteria of compromised pulmonary function defined as preoperative forced vital capacity 〈50% of prediction or preoperative forced expiratory volume in one second 〈50% of prediction. Clinical data of the patients were retrospectively reviewed. Results The patients consisted of 108 males （85.0%） and 19 females （15.0%） with a mean age of 61.7 years. The morbidity rate was 44.1% （56/127） and the mortality rate was 4.7% （6/127）. Multivariate analysis identified PaCO2 （P=0.023, OR=2.959, 95% Cl 1.164-7.522）, the percent predicted postoperative diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide （P=0.001, OR=0.176, 95% Cl 0.064-0.480） and comprehensive preoperative preparation （P=0.048, OR=0.417, 95% Cl 0.176-0.993） as the independent predictors of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications that were found in 45 cases. Overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 90%, 55% and 37% respectively. For overall survival, multivariate analysis revealed that TNM staging （P=0.004, OR=1.585, 95% Cl 1.154-2.178） was the only independent prognostic factor. Conclusions On the premise of integrated preoperative evaluation and comprehensive preoperative preparation, major lung resection provides an optimal therapeutic for selected non-small cell lung cancer patients with compromised pulmonary function. Hypercapnea and the percent predicted postoperative diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide 〈40% could be considered as the independent predictive factors for operative risk in those Datients.
基金funded by theNational KeyR&DProgram of China(2023YFD1800800)the Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes,China(Y2022YJ14)+1 种基金the Technology Innovation Project of Hubei Province,China(2022BEC033)the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-Veterinary Natural Medicine and Antibiotic Replacement,China(25-LZIHPS-03).
文摘Colistin serves as a crucial treatment for multidrugresistant(MDR)Gram-negative bacterial infections.However,its excessive use has contributed to an increase in colistin-resistant strains within livestock production(Binsker et al.2022).The mobile colistin resistance gene,mcr,which reduces colistin affinity by incorporating phosphoethanolamine(pEtN)into the bacterial lipopolysaccharide,significantly compromises the effectiveness of colistin treatments(Liu et al.2016).
文摘Bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES), is a rare and self-limiting condition characterized by localized bone pain and transient marrow edema visible on MRI. BMES has been increasingly associated with specific cutaneous manifestations that may hold diagnostic and prognostic significance. Patients with BMES have reported localized erythema, dermal thickening, and induration overlying the affected joints, which are hypothesized to reflect microvascular compromise and inflammatory processes within the bone and adjacent soft tissues. Dermatologic signs are likely linked to regional hyperemia, venous stasis, and cytokine-mediated inflammation, paralleling the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying intraosseous edema. Elevated intraosseous pressure in BMES may disrupt local perfusion, resulting in ischemia-reperfusion injury and subsequent vascular leakage, which manifests in visible cutaneous changes. Pro-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1β and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), central to BMES pathogenesis, may exacerbate endothelial activation, and dermal involvement. Histopathologic studies of affected skin have revealed perivascular lymphocytic infiltration and increased dermal vascularity, further supporting the theory of a shared ischemic and inflammatory pathway between bone and skin. Although MRI remains the gold standard for BMES diagnosis, recognition of these cutaneous manifestations could expedite orthopedic referral and intervention, especially in cases where imaging is delayed or symptoms are ambiguous. Current treatment options, including bisphosphonates, prostacyclin analogs, and offloading of weight bearing, may benefit from integration with dermatologic strategies to alleviate localized cutaneous symptoms and improve patient comfort. Evaluating the molecular and vascular links between BMES and its cutaneous manifestations provides an opportunity to refine diagnostic protocols and therapeutic approaches, offering a comprehensive understanding of the systemic interplay between dermal and skeletal pathophysiology, and optimizing clinical outcomes for patients affected by BMES.
文摘AIM To assess the utility of NLR,PLR,IMT and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)aspredictive markers for monitoring inflammatory responses and the disease activity in cardiac involvementin Takayasu’s arteritis.METHODS A cohort retrospective study encompassing 86 patients(43 withcardiac compromise and 43 without)was conducted.A comparative analysis of NLR,PLR,IMT,andCEUS between TA patients with and without cardiac compromise was undertaken.RESULTS The NLR and PLR of the heart damage group were significantly higher than those of the non heart damagegroup(2.9±1.0 vs.2.1±0.8,P<0.01;166±79 vs.117±51,P<0.01).The IMT and CEUS of the heartdamage group were significantly higher than those of the TA non heart damage group(2.6±0.6 vs.1.5±0.4,P<0.01;2.6±0.5 vs.1.6±0.6,P<0.01).The NLR level of the heart damage group was positivelycorrelated with CRP(r=0.42,P<0.01),and PLR was positively correlated with CRP and CEUS(r=0.34,P<0.05;r=0.35,P<0.05).The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that NLR,IMT,andCEUS were independent risk factors for TA and cardiac damage.The area under the ROC curve for NLRto determine cardiac damage is 0.865,with a cut-off value of 2.265,a sensitivity of 69.8%,and aspecificity of 90.7%.The area under the ROC curve for determining cardiac damage using PLR is 0.812,with a cut-off value of 111.275,a sensitivity of 76.7%,and a specificity of 79.1%.CONCLUSION NLR and PLR,in conjunction with contrast-enhanced ultrasound,can be employed to assessinflammatory response and the disease activity in cardiac involvement in Takayasu’s arteritis.
文摘A plant fermentation was carried out by Yeast and Lactobaccilli against fermented black turmeric, Kaempferia parviflora (FBT). These materials were proved by as safe in animal safety experiment. We tried to investigate changes of immune-competent cells that commonly utilized FBT, including after administration of immno-suppressed animals, the effects by FBT on the regulated effect on the cells were evaluated. Our results showed that FBT augmented the level of lymphocytes in number, while FBT regulated the level of granulocytes in both number and function. In our clinical study with 20 healthy volunteers, granulocyte and lymphocyte ratio suggesting their constitution as neutral in peripheral blood were increased significantly 30 days after the administration of FBT in rodents, and compromised host was prepared with cancer chemotherapeutic agent (Mytomycin-C). Our observations showed against intracellular parasite, and that FBT augmented intercellular pathogen through humoral immunity. We discussed the significance and mechanism of FBT on the level of leukocyte subsets in number and function that were considered to be potential indicators for the activation of the compromised host. We also proposed an idea that FBT exhibited tonic effects via activating complement components. The evidences were shown by immune-electrophoretic method. Moreover, we tried to access further to the anti-oxidative activities of this FBT. This modification brought to the significant lift up for antibody producing cells and anti-oxidative activity for phagocytic cells.
文摘A plant fermentation was carried out by Yeast and Lactobacilli against single cellular algae (f-Chlorella). These materials were proved by as safe in animal safety experiment. We sought to look into changes of immune-competent cells that commonly utilized f-Chlorella including after administration of immno-suppressed animals. The effects by f-Chlorella on the regurational effect to the host were measured. Our results showed that f-Chlorella regulated the level of lymphocytes, while conventional-Chlorella worked to adjust the level of granulocytes. In our clinical study with 20 healthy volunteers, granulocyte and lymphocyte ratio was obtained as neutral in the peripheral blood. In rodents, immune-compromised host as well as normal animal were prepared with cancer chemotherapeutic agent (Mytomycin-C), and then tried to rescue the immune-competent rebel. Our observations showed that both Chlorella derivatives regulated in number and functions. The effect was more prominent in f-Chlorella than that of conventional one. We discussed the significance and mechanism of f-Chlorella on the level of leukocyte subsets in number and function. These effects were considered to bring the potential elevation of antibody secreting cell by the localized heamolysis in gel method. We also proposed an idea that exhibited tonic effects were brought via activating the complement components in the serum. Moreover, we tried to access further to the anti-oxidative activities of this f-Chlorella. This modification brought to the significant lifted up for immune competent cells and anti-oxidative activity for phagocytic cells.
文摘A hemopoietic formula (HF) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) usually consists of more than six single herbs. We seek to look into changes of immune-competent cells by two commonly utilized HF, including Shi-Quan-Da-Bu-Tang (SDT) and Bu-Zong-Ye-Qi-Tang (BYT). However, the effects of both formulae on levels of leukocyte subsets are not yet defied. After administration of immno-suppressant to animals, the effects by HFs on the augmentation for subsets of leukocytes, CD positive cell counts of lymphocytes, and the cytokine-producing cells are measured. Our results show that SDT augments the level of lymphocytes, while BYT increases the level of granulocytes. In our clinical study with 15 healthy volunteers, positive cells for CD2, CD11b, CD14, IL-4, IL-1β and IFN-γ in peripheral blood are increased significantly 15 days after the ingestion of HFs. In rodents, compromised host as well as normal animal is administered with cancer chemotherapeutic agent (Mytomycin-C). Our observations show that SDT regulates phagocyte activities of the immune system, introducing it against intracellular parasite, and that BYT augments intercellular pathogen through humoral immunity. We discuss the significance and mechanism of HFs on the level of leukocyte subsets in number and function that are considered to be potential indicators for the evaluation of TCM modalities. We also propose an idea that TCM exhibits tonic effects via enhancing the ability to fight against infection and bacteria, as well as turning the multi-drug resistant bacteria to the sensitive ones. Together with these evidences, we suggest an ideal remedy for the compromised to fight host against pathogens. Moreover, we try to modify these hemopoietic formulae to more digestive forms. This modification brings to the significant lifted up for antibody producing cells and anti-oxidative activity for phagocytic cells.
文摘A plant material consisted by Family Poaceae was fermented by Yeast and Lactobaccilli (U-164). This material was proved by as safe in animal safety experiment for oral administration. In order to prove the effect of U-164 against physiological function, the animal and human trials were set up to look into mainly leukocyte functions. In animal experiment, anti-oxidative effect and antibody response in immune-compromised host and diabetes meritus were made up. For human use, peripheral lymphocyte in number and subset ratio were followed up to one month after administration. In order to understand its effect, human complement component analysis was made by immune-electrophoresis. Our results showed that U-164 augmented the level of lymphocytes, while U-164 down regulated the level of granulocytes. In our clinical study with 19 healthy volunteers, granulocyte and lymphocyte ratio was obtained as neutral in peripheral blood being increased significantly 30 days after the ingestion of U-164. In experimental animal study, the compromised host as well as normal animal was administered with cancer chemotherapeutic agent (Mytomycin-C). Our observations showed against antibody producing cell, this material recovered the antibody production in the host compromising the immure responsiveness. We also proposed an idea that U-164 exhibited tonic effects via activating complement components. Moreover, we tried to access further to the anti-oxidative activities of this U-164. This modification brought to the significant lifted up for anti-oxidative activity for phagocytic cell.
文摘<strong>Background</strong>: Redo aortic valve replacement for prosthetic valve endocarditis is a challenge for surgeons. Echocardiography is occasionally not an effective modality for the detection of infectious signs in prosthetic valve endocarditis. <strong>Case presentation</strong>: Herein, we report the case of a patient whose prosthetic valve endocarditis was detected by multidetector computed tomography and who successfully underwent redo aortic valve replacement. Preoperative echocardiography revealed no remarkable findings related to endocarditis such as perivalvular leakage or vegetation;however, multidetector computed tomography revealed a thickened right coronary cusp. Intraoperatively, the right coronary cusp was confirmed to be covered with thick infected tissue. The pathological findings revealed broad destruction due to infection of the right coronary cusp. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Multidetector computed tomography was useful in detecting infectious signs in prosthetic valves.
文摘In this paper, a fish farm was modeled using the Lexicographic linear goal programming approach due to incommensurability in objectives. The study considered the fish farming plan with two sizes of catfish from stocking to harvesting at four-month intervals. The multi-objective goals developed are required raw materials feed, water, light (resource utilization), sales revenue, profit realized, labor utilization, production costs, and pond utilization. The developed model was tested using related data collected from the farm records with the use of TORA 2007 software. The compromised solution from the results showed that the developed model is an efficient tool for decision-making process in the fish farm business organization.
基金supported by the National Excellent Youth Science Foundation of China(No.31222030)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91131002)+3 种基金the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.12QA1400300)the China Ministry of Education Scientific Research Major Project(Nos. 311016 and 113022A)the MOE University Doctoral Research Supervisor's Funds(No.20120071110021)the Shanghai Professional Development Funding(No.2010001)
文摘The paternally inherited Y chromosome has been widely used in forensics for personal identification, in anthropology and population genetics to understand origin and migration of human populations, and also in medical and clinical studies （Wang and Li, 2013; Wang et al., 2014）. There are two kinds of extremely useful markers in Y chromosome, single nucle- otide polymorphism （SNP） and short tandem repeats （STRs）. With a very low mutation rate on the order of 3.0 x 10-8 mutations/nucleotide/generation （Xue et al., 2009）, SNP markers have been used in constructing a robust phylogeny tree linking all the Y chromosome lineages from world pop- ulations （Karafet et al., 2008）. Those lineages determined by the pattern of SNPs are called haplogroups. That is to say, we have to genotype an appropriate number of SNPs in order to assign a given Y chromosome to a haplogroup. Compared with SNPs, the mutation rates of STR markers are about four to five orders of magnitude higher （Gusmgo et al., 2005; Ballantyne et al., 2010）. Typing STR has advantages of saving time and cost compared with typing SNPs in phylogenetic assignment of a Y chromosome （Wang et al., 2010）. A set of STR values for an individual is called a haplotype. Because of the disparity in mutation rates between SNP and STR, one SNP haplogroup could actually comprise many STR haplotypes （Wang et al., 2010）. It is most interesting that STR variability is clustered more by haplogroups than by populations （Bosch et al., 1999; Behar et al., 2004）, which indicates that STR haplotypes could be used to infer the haplogroup information of a given Y chromosome. There has been increasing interest in this cost- effective strategy for predicting the haplogroup from a given STR haplotype when SNP data are unavailable. For instance, Vadim Urasin＇s YPredictor （http：//predictor.ydna.ru/）, Whit Atheys＇ haplogroup predictor （http：//www.hprg.com/hapest5/） （Athey, 2005, 2006）, and haplogroup classifier of Arizona University （Schlecht et al., 2008） have been widely employed in previous studies for haplogroup prediction （Larmuseau et al., 2010; Bembea et al., 2011; Larmuseau et al., 2012; Tarlykov et al., 2013）.
文摘We are the first to report a case that showed spontaneous resolution of epidural hematoma which was related to a steroid-induced osteoporotic compression fracture.The patient had a painful fracture with an intravertebral cleft at L1 accompanying an epidural hematoma posteriorly.Immediate pain relief was achieved after percutaneous vertebroplasty.Complete resolution of hematoma was noted three months after procedure.We theorized that intravertebral stability after treatment might have played a role in this patient.
文摘During the past decade,rapid advances in wireless communication technologies have made it possible for users to access desired services using hand-held devices.Service providers have hosted multiple servers to ensure seamless online services to end-users.To ensure the security of this online communication,researchers have proposed several multi-server authentication schemes incorporating various cryptographic primitives.Due to the low power and computational capacities of mobile devices,the hash-based multi-server authenticated key agreement schemes with offline Registration Server(RS)are the most efficient choice.Recently,Kumar-Om presented such a scheme and proved its security against all renowned attacks.However,we find that their scheme bears an incorrect login phase,and is unsafe to the trace attack,the Session-Specific Temporary Information Attack(SSTIA),and the Key Compromise Impersonation Attack(KCIA).In fact,all of the existing multi-server authentication schemes(hash-based with offline RS)do not withstand KCLA.To deal with this situation,we propose an improved hash-based multi-server authentication scheme(with offline RS).We analyze the security of the proposed scheme under the random oracle model and use the t4Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications''(AVISPA)tool.The comparative analysis of communication overhead and computational complexity metrics shows the efficiency of the proposed scheme.
