The building materials commonly used are energy-intensive,non-ecological,and unsuitable for climatic conditions.For this reason,various research projects have been initiated to develop efficient,appropriate,and access...The building materials commonly used are energy-intensive,non-ecological,and unsuitable for climatic conditions.For this reason,various research projects have been initiated to develop efficient,appropriate,and accessible build-ing materials.Much of this research focuses on valorizing local materials and available waste.In our study,laterite and bottle glass powder are valorized in the Compressed Earth Bricks(CEB)formulation fired at 750˚C.X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared analyzed the chemical composition and chemical bonds.The physicochemical characteristics of the samples,including water absorption and density,were then determined according to standard NF EN 771-1 and ASTM C20-00,respectively.The mechanical analyses of the test pieces were carried out according to standard NF P18-406.Mineralogy of raw materials and the specimens was obtained by X-ray diffraction.Laterite contains significant amounts of 64%kaolinite,12%hematite,11%muscovite,7%goethite,and 5%quartz.Bottle glass powder consists mainly of a glassy phase of amorphous silica and quartz.The 25%glass powder specimens(PV25)had a mechanical strength(11.70 MPa)well over the minimum requirement(4 MPa)for a single plane structure.The thermal performance showed that the 25%amended specimens had a higher thermal conductivity(0.51 W∙m^(−1)∙K^(−1))than the control specimens(0.44 W∙m^(−1)∙K^(−1)).As for the thermal diffusivity,the fired CEB amended by 25%has a better thermal inertia(0.22 mm^(2)/s compared to 0.33 mm^(2)/s for the control).25%amended bricks have been shown to offer superior thermal comfort compared to the controls due to their low thermal diffusivity.展开更多
This study assesses the reactivity of four (04) different types of clayey earthen materials (Kamboinsé, Pabré, Saaba, and Kossodo) with Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, analytical lime (AL) versus lime residu...This study assesses the reactivity of four (04) different types of clayey earthen materials (Kamboinsé, Pabré, Saaba, and Kossodo) with Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, analytical lime (AL) versus lime residu (LR), in ambient conditions. The effect of the stabilization of the earth with the LR was also studied on the performances of compressed earth blocks (CEB). The lime content varied from 0% to 20% with respect to the mass of dry earth material. The analysis of the reactivity and physico-mechanical properties were respectively carried out on the solutions of the mixtures (earth + LR and earth + AL) and CEB (earth + LR). The mixtures were cured between 0 and 60 days at the ambient temperature of laboratory (30<span style="white-space:nowrap;">℃</span> ± 5<span style="white-space:nowrap;">℃</span>). The results showed that the reactivity of the clayey earth materials with AL is comparable to that with the LR. At the same time, this reactivity improved the physical and mechanical properties of stabilized CEB depending on the type of earth material, lime content and curing time. The maximum values of the dry compressive strength, observed for each material stabilized with 20% LR, are 6 and 7 MPa (Kamboinsé), 8.8 and 9.3 MPa (Pabré), 6 and 6.5 MPa (Saaba), 8.8 and 9.7 MPa (Kossodo) respectively at curing time of 28 and 45 days. The structural efficiency of CEB was also improved which implies that, in the current conditions, the stabilization of earth materials using LR allows to produce the CEB for potential applications in wall masonry.展开更多
The aim of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength of clay bricks and their stability to water absorption by inserting stabilizers such as lime and cement of 0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% to 14%. Spectrometric ...The aim of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength of clay bricks and their stability to water absorption by inserting stabilizers such as lime and cement of 0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% to 14%. Spectrometric analysis was used to characterize the various stabilizers and the clay used, and tests of resistance and water absorption were also carried out. The clay was found to be an aluminosilicate (15.55% to 17.17% Al2O3 and 42.12% to 44.15% SiO2). The lime contains 90.84% CaO and the cement has 17.80% SiO2, 3.46% Al2O3, 2.43% Fe2O3 and 58.47% CaO in the combined form of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and ferro-tetra calcium aluminate. The results showed that the insertion of locally available stabilizers (lime and cement) improved the strength of the material by almost 80% when the lime was increased from 0% to 14% for 14 days. For compressed cement, a 65% increase in strength was observed under the same conditions. Strength increases with drying time, with a 52% increase in strength at 28 days compared to 14 days. Furthermore, compressed cement bricks have a more compact structure, absorbing very little water (32%). In view of all these results, cement appears to be the best stabilizer, and compression improves compressive strength and reduces water absorption.展开更多
This study was carried out with a view to appreciate the value of clay, raw materials in eco-construction. To achieve this, we sampled two clay raw materials denoted Aga and Bak and then characterized. The results obt...This study was carried out with a view to appreciate the value of clay, raw materials in eco-construction. To achieve this, we sampled two clay raw materials denoted Aga and Bak and then characterized. The results obtained from geotechnical and mineralogical tests have shown that the clay samples Aga and Bak are fine soils moderately plastic class A soils consisting essentially of quartz with 73.13% and 74.56% respectively for Aga and Bak and clay minerals (kaolinite and illite) with 12.73% kaolinite and 8.55% illite for Aga against 8.31% kaolinite and 13.72% for Bak. Moreover, these samples do not contain swelling clays and contain a sufficient quantity of iron oxides which allows them to be valued in ceramics, in particular in compressed earth bricks (CEB).展开更多
文摘The building materials commonly used are energy-intensive,non-ecological,and unsuitable for climatic conditions.For this reason,various research projects have been initiated to develop efficient,appropriate,and accessible build-ing materials.Much of this research focuses on valorizing local materials and available waste.In our study,laterite and bottle glass powder are valorized in the Compressed Earth Bricks(CEB)formulation fired at 750˚C.X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared analyzed the chemical composition and chemical bonds.The physicochemical characteristics of the samples,including water absorption and density,were then determined according to standard NF EN 771-1 and ASTM C20-00,respectively.The mechanical analyses of the test pieces were carried out according to standard NF P18-406.Mineralogy of raw materials and the specimens was obtained by X-ray diffraction.Laterite contains significant amounts of 64%kaolinite,12%hematite,11%muscovite,7%goethite,and 5%quartz.Bottle glass powder consists mainly of a glassy phase of amorphous silica and quartz.The 25%glass powder specimens(PV25)had a mechanical strength(11.70 MPa)well over the minimum requirement(4 MPa)for a single plane structure.The thermal performance showed that the 25%amended specimens had a higher thermal conductivity(0.51 W∙m^(−1)∙K^(−1))than the control specimens(0.44 W∙m^(−1)∙K^(−1)).As for the thermal diffusivity,the fired CEB amended by 25%has a better thermal inertia(0.22 mm^(2)/s compared to 0.33 mm^(2)/s for the control).25%amended bricks have been shown to offer superior thermal comfort compared to the controls due to their low thermal diffusivity.
文摘This study assesses the reactivity of four (04) different types of clayey earthen materials (Kamboinsé, Pabré, Saaba, and Kossodo) with Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, analytical lime (AL) versus lime residu (LR), in ambient conditions. The effect of the stabilization of the earth with the LR was also studied on the performances of compressed earth blocks (CEB). The lime content varied from 0% to 20% with respect to the mass of dry earth material. The analysis of the reactivity and physico-mechanical properties were respectively carried out on the solutions of the mixtures (earth + LR and earth + AL) and CEB (earth + LR). The mixtures were cured between 0 and 60 days at the ambient temperature of laboratory (30<span style="white-space:nowrap;">℃</span> ± 5<span style="white-space:nowrap;">℃</span>). The results showed that the reactivity of the clayey earth materials with AL is comparable to that with the LR. At the same time, this reactivity improved the physical and mechanical properties of stabilized CEB depending on the type of earth material, lime content and curing time. The maximum values of the dry compressive strength, observed for each material stabilized with 20% LR, are 6 and 7 MPa (Kamboinsé), 8.8 and 9.3 MPa (Pabré), 6 and 6.5 MPa (Saaba), 8.8 and 9.7 MPa (Kossodo) respectively at curing time of 28 and 45 days. The structural efficiency of CEB was also improved which implies that, in the current conditions, the stabilization of earth materials using LR allows to produce the CEB for potential applications in wall masonry.
文摘The aim of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength of clay bricks and their stability to water absorption by inserting stabilizers such as lime and cement of 0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% to 14%. Spectrometric analysis was used to characterize the various stabilizers and the clay used, and tests of resistance and water absorption were also carried out. The clay was found to be an aluminosilicate (15.55% to 17.17% Al2O3 and 42.12% to 44.15% SiO2). The lime contains 90.84% CaO and the cement has 17.80% SiO2, 3.46% Al2O3, 2.43% Fe2O3 and 58.47% CaO in the combined form of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and ferro-tetra calcium aluminate. The results showed that the insertion of locally available stabilizers (lime and cement) improved the strength of the material by almost 80% when the lime was increased from 0% to 14% for 14 days. For compressed cement, a 65% increase in strength was observed under the same conditions. Strength increases with drying time, with a 52% increase in strength at 28 days compared to 14 days. Furthermore, compressed cement bricks have a more compact structure, absorbing very little water (32%). In view of all these results, cement appears to be the best stabilizer, and compression improves compressive strength and reduces water absorption.
文摘This study was carried out with a view to appreciate the value of clay, raw materials in eco-construction. To achieve this, we sampled two clay raw materials denoted Aga and Bak and then characterized. The results obtained from geotechnical and mineralogical tests have shown that the clay samples Aga and Bak are fine soils moderately plastic class A soils consisting essentially of quartz with 73.13% and 74.56% respectively for Aga and Bak and clay minerals (kaolinite and illite) with 12.73% kaolinite and 8.55% illite for Aga against 8.31% kaolinite and 13.72% for Bak. Moreover, these samples do not contain swelling clays and contain a sufficient quantity of iron oxides which allows them to be valued in ceramics, in particular in compressed earth bricks (CEB).
