The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has aroused considerable interest among the general public,industry professionals,and academic researchers,driven by its environmental,resource recovery,and economic b...The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has aroused considerable interest among the general public,industry professionals,and academic researchers,driven by its environmental,resource recovery,and economic benefits,particularly for those used in new energy vehicles.However,recycling spent automotive LIBs for industrial production remains challenging due to technical feasibility,recycling efficiency,economic viability,and environmental sustainability.This review aims to systematically analyze the status of spent automotive LIBs recycling,and provide an overall review of the full-chain recycling processes for technical evaluation and selection.Firstly,it carefully describes the pre-treatment process,which includes discharging,disassembly,inspection,crushing,pyrolysis,and sieving of LIBs.Subsequently,it examines the principal technologies in extracting valuable metals,including pyro-metallurgy,hydro-metallurgy,microbial metallurgy,mechanical chemistry,and electrochemical deposition.A comprehensive analysis of the operation,mechanism,efficiency,and economics is provided,helping readers understand the technical advantages,disadvantages,and applicable scenarios of each process.Furthermore,it also considers novel environmentally-friendly processes,such as direct regeneration and direct synthesis,and analyzes their potential and limitations in the resource recycling field.Finally,differentiated comprehensive recycling strategies are proposed for typical spent automotive LIBs,aiming at providing effective guidance and recommendations for industrial investors and practitioners,and promoting sustainable development of the comprehensive recycling industry.展开更多
In order to improve the refining effect of zinc ore and promote the development of this industry,taking the hydrometallurgical zinc smelting process as an example,this paper first establishes a model for the recycling...In order to improve the refining effect of zinc ore and promote the development of this industry,taking the hydrometallurgical zinc smelting process as an example,this paper first establishes a model for the recycling of waste residues in the hydrometallurgical process,proposes optimization measures based on proven comprehensive recycling technology for purifying residues to obtain higher valuable metal recovery rate,and provides reference for those in relevant fields.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Special Project of Tiandi Technology Co.,Ltd.(Project No.2023-TD-MS007)CUCDE Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.(Project No.ZCHJ2024001)。
文摘The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has aroused considerable interest among the general public,industry professionals,and academic researchers,driven by its environmental,resource recovery,and economic benefits,particularly for those used in new energy vehicles.However,recycling spent automotive LIBs for industrial production remains challenging due to technical feasibility,recycling efficiency,economic viability,and environmental sustainability.This review aims to systematically analyze the status of spent automotive LIBs recycling,and provide an overall review of the full-chain recycling processes for technical evaluation and selection.Firstly,it carefully describes the pre-treatment process,which includes discharging,disassembly,inspection,crushing,pyrolysis,and sieving of LIBs.Subsequently,it examines the principal technologies in extracting valuable metals,including pyro-metallurgy,hydro-metallurgy,microbial metallurgy,mechanical chemistry,and electrochemical deposition.A comprehensive analysis of the operation,mechanism,efficiency,and economics is provided,helping readers understand the technical advantages,disadvantages,and applicable scenarios of each process.Furthermore,it also considers novel environmentally-friendly processes,such as direct regeneration and direct synthesis,and analyzes their potential and limitations in the resource recycling field.Finally,differentiated comprehensive recycling strategies are proposed for typical spent automotive LIBs,aiming at providing effective guidance and recommendations for industrial investors and practitioners,and promoting sustainable development of the comprehensive recycling industry.
文摘In order to improve the refining effect of zinc ore and promote the development of this industry,taking the hydrometallurgical zinc smelting process as an example,this paper first establishes a model for the recycling of waste residues in the hydrometallurgical process,proposes optimization measures based on proven comprehensive recycling technology for purifying residues to obtain higher valuable metal recovery rate,and provides reference for those in relevant fields.
