Ultrafine full-vulcanized polybutadiene rubber（UFBR） with particle sizes of ca.50―100 nm were used for modifying mechanical and processing performances of polypropylene（PP） with PP-g-maleic anhydride（PP-g-MA） a...Ultrafine full-vulcanized polybutadiene rubber（UFBR） with particle sizes of ca.50―100 nm were used for modifying mechanical and processing performances of polypropylene（PP） with PP-g-maleic anhydride（PP-g-MA） as a compatibilizer for enhancing the interfacial adhesion between the two components.The morphology,dynamical rheology response and mechanical properties of the blends were characterized by means of SEM,rheometer and tensile test,respectively.The results show that the ternary PP/UFBR blends compatibilized with PP-g-MA possess rheological behaviors like highly branched PP,while no obvious strain hardening is observed in its control binary PP/UFBR blends,a low level of PP-g-MA in PP/UFBR blends can even endow the material with rheological characteristics of high melt strength materials like highly branched PP.The enhancement interfacial interaction between the UFBR particles and PP matrix accounting for the rheological behavior of compatibilized blends and effectiveness of PP-g-MA were proposed and proved.展开更多
An anomalous phase containing clays and humic acid was found while extraction humic acid from samples of weathering crust of REE-bearing granites by using 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution.Studied by chemical separation experim...An anomalous phase containing clays and humic acid was found while extraction humic acid from samples of weathering crust of REE-bearing granites by using 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution.Studied by chemical separation experiments,column chromatography,ion-exchange chromatography,infrared spectrum.fluorescence spectrum,polarimicroscopic testing and elemental determination by ultraviolet-visible spectrometer and atomic absorption spectrometer.it was proved to be a compound of humic acid and clays which are connected in the form of bridge by heteronuclearpolynuclear complexing ions formed by cations of RE￣(5+),Al￣(3+).Fe￣(3+) etc.The compounding pattern was further proved by the experiment for compounding humic acid,REE and kaolinite.展开更多
To improve the quality of ultrasonic elastography, by taking the advantage of code excitation and frequency compounding, a transmitting-side multi-frequency with coded excitation for elastography （TFCCE） was propose...To improve the quality of ultrasonic elastography, by taking the advantage of code excitation and frequency compounding, a transmitting-side multi-frequency with coded excitation for elastography （TFCCE） was proposed. TFCCE adopts the chirp signal excitation scheme and strikes a balance in the selection of sub-signal bandwidth, the bandwidth overlap and the number of sub-strain image based on theoretical derivation, so as to further improve the quality of elastic image. Experiments have proved that, compared with the other optimizing methods, the elastographyic signal-to-noise ratio（Re-SN） and contrast-to-noise ratio（Re-CN） are improved significantly with different echo signal-to-noise ratios （ReSN） and attenuation coefficients. When ReSN is 50 dB, compared with short pulse, Rc-SN and Re-CN obtained by TFCCE increase by 53% and 143%, respectively. Moreover, in a deeper investigation （85-95 mm）, the image has lower strain noise and clear details. When the attenuation coefficient is in the range of 0-1 dB/（cm.MHz）, Re-SN and Re-CN obtained by TFCCE can be kept in moderate ranges of 5〈Re-SN〈6.8 and 11.4〈Re-CN〈15.2, respectively. In particular, for higher tissue attenuation, the basic image quality cannot be ensured with short pulse excitation, while mediocre quality strain figure can be obtained by TFCCE. Therefore, the TFCCE technology can effectively improve the elastography quality and can be applied to ultrasonic clinical trials.展开更多
In order to observe the effects of the ground and intact Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae) and different combinations of the ingredients and refined single Chinese drug granules in Yin Chen Hao Decoction compound prescriptio...In order to observe the effects of the ground and intact Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae) and different combinations of the ingredients and refined single Chinese drug granules in Yin Chen Hao Decoction compound prescription on the contents of gardenoside (an effective component of the prescription), the contents of gardenoside were determined with reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with acetonitrile-water (15:85) as mobile phase, at wave length 238nm. The results indicated that the gardenoside-decocted-out rates in the decoctions prepared by different combinations of the ingredients with the ground Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae) all were higher significantly than those in the decoction with intact Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae), and generally, different combinations of the ingredients in the decoction had only little effect on the gardenoside-decocted-out rate.展开更多
Aiming at the problem of runner unbalance in the compounding cavity of the upper and lower cover of the correction tape box, the plastic injection analysis software Moldflow was used to optimize runner balance. First,...Aiming at the problem of runner unbalance in the compounding cavity of the upper and lower cover of the correction tape box, the plastic injection analysis software Moldflow was used to optimize runner balance. First, the 3D modeling software Proe was used to establish the geometric model of the upper and lower cover of the correction tape box, and introduced into the plastic injection analysis software Moldflow. Secondly, the upper and the lower cover of the correction tape box were meshed and the initial gating system was designed in Moldflow. Filling analysis of the initial scheme of the correction tape box combined cavity showed that the runner of the melt was not balanced in the mold cavity. Finally, the runner balance optimization analysis of the cavities was carried out. Through optimization, the time unbalance rate of the melt in the mold cavity decreased from 28.6% to 0.7%, the pressure unbalance rate decreased from 42.0% to 4.2%, and the pressure distribution in the cavity was more uniform in the whole injection process.展开更多
This study aims to find the compound registers that are used among the Farm-Centre cell-phone marketers,analyse their compounding morphological structures,and explain the meaning they convey.The Farm-Centre Cell-phone...This study aims to find the compound registers that are used among the Farm-Centre cell-phone marketers,analyse their compounding morphological structures,and explain the meaning they convey.The Farm-Centre Cell-phone Market is located in Kano metropolis,the largest city of Northern Nigeria.The study employs an ethnographic method of data collection and adopts Abubakar(2000)as a model of approach when analysing the structures of the compound registers.It is found that the registers have the following six morphological compound structures:(i)Genitive-based compounds[LG+N]N,(ii)Noun-based compounds[N+GL+N]N,(iii)Adjective-based compounds[Adj+N]N,(iv)Diminutive-based compounds[Dim+N]N,(v)Particle dà‘with’compounds[dà+N]N,(vi)Verb-based compounds[V+VN/Prep]V.Moreover,the registers are so special among the marketers because they convey meanings that are irrelevant to the conventional meanings known by the general speakers of the Hausa language.展开更多
In English language,affixation is a significant way of forming new words,This essay intends to explore the concepts of two fundamental ways of forming new words,namely,derivation and compounding.They are different in ...In English language,affixation is a significant way of forming new words,This essay intends to explore the concepts of two fundamental ways of forming new words,namely,derivation and compounding.They are different in a lot of cases,yet,it is also argued that there is a clear dividing line between compounding and derivation.展开更多
In recent decades,Southwest China(SWC)has suffered from frequent super droughts,leading to severe economic losses and ecological degradation.This study investigates the characteristics of super droughts in SWC during ...In recent decades,Southwest China(SWC)has suffered from frequent super droughts,leading to severe economic losses and ecological degradation.This study investigates the characteristics of super droughts in SWC during 1961-2022,reveals the compounding effect of multiscalar anomalies,and explores the plausible atmospheric circulation mechanisms responsible.The nature of super drought is a compound drought caused by the superposition of extreme drought events across multiple time scales.By contrasting the typical drought cases in 2006 and 2022,the decisive role of multiscalar drought compounding is confirmed.Based on the Comprehensive Multiscalar Index(CMI),multiple super drought events in SWC were identified to be temporally clustered during 2006-2014.Among them,the decadal background of enhanced evaporation and precipitation deficit at long time scales is a necessary condition for shaping the overall pattern of super droughts,while the precipitation and evaporation anomalies at short time scales trigger the outbreak of super droughts,determining the exact timing of occurrence.These events include August-September 2006,November 2009 to May 2010,July-October 2011,April-May 2012,January-April 2013,etc.Statistical results suggest that the contribution of superposed precipitation anomalies to super drought is 2.4 times that of evaporation.As regards the circulation mechanisms affecting multiscalar precipitation,the anomalous spatial patterns at short-term and long-term scales are similar,featuring the cyclonic circulation over the South China Sea and the northeasterly wind anomalies together with the subsidence center over SWC.During 2006-2014,the possible causes for the cross-seasonal persistent precipitation reduction in SWC are the extreme negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)in the North Pacific as well as the pronounced warming of the warm pool in the western Pacific.The key dynamic processes are outlined as follows.On the one hand,the negative PDO phase generates anomalous anticyclonic circulation in the North Pacific,with the northeasterly winds on its southwest flank extending to Southeast Asia,hindering moisture transport into SWC.On the other hand,the warming of the warm pool excites anomalous cyclonic circulation to its northwest,also giving rise to northeasterly wind anomalies over SWC.Meanwhile,the ascending motion over the warm pool region diverges at upper levels with outflows converging aloft over SWC,which further induces compensating downward motion there.The combined effect of the above two remote forcings establishes a climatic background state unfavorable for precipitation over SWC at long time scales,thus constituting a crucial prerequisite for the superimposition of short-term precipitation anomalies to develop into super droughts.展开更多
Selenoester compounds exhibit significant biological activity and are widely used in the synthesis of natural products,protein intermediates,and superconducting materials.However,the current methods for constructing s...Selenoester compounds exhibit significant biological activity and are widely used in the synthesis of natural products,protein intermediates,and superconducting materials.However,the current methods for constructing selenoesters suffer from drawbacks such as expensive catalysts,multiple reaction steps,low yields,and poor efficiency to sterically hindered acyl chlorides.Here,an efficient indium-promoted method for the synthesis of Se-aryl-2,2-dimethylbutaneselenoates is developed.The strategy features broad substrate scope,mild reaction conditions and simple operation,offering the desired products in moderate to excellent yields.Furthermore,the gram-scale reaction can be conducted smoothly,laying the foundation for subsequent derivatization of such structures.展开更多
To address the longstanding challenge in traditional carborane methodology of rapidly and efficiently constructing carboranyl-based polycyclic frameworks,Pd-catalyzed one-pot reactions between pyridyl-substituted nido...To address the longstanding challenge in traditional carborane methodology of rapidly and efficiently constructing carboranyl-based polycyclic frameworks,Pd-catalyzed one-pot reactions between pyridyl-substituted nidocarboranes and alkynes directly afford two distinct types of 2D-3D fused carboranyl polycyclic compounds:3a-3f,4a-4d.The structures of this series of compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,single-crystal X-ray diffraction,and high-resolution mass spectrometry,and a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.Crystal structures reveal that the multiple rings in such 2D-3D fused carboranyl polycyclic compounds exhibit a certain degree of coplanarity.Furthermore,these compounds exhibited properties distinct from those of conventional 2D polycyclic systems.CCDC:2481988,3c,2481990,3f,2481986,4d.展开更多
Layered transition-metal compounds(LTMCs)feature stacked architectures,strong magnetic anisotropy,and tunable magnetic order,making them promising material platforms for low-power spintronic technologies and for enabl...Layered transition-metal compounds(LTMCs)feature stacked architectures,strong magnetic anisotropy,and tunable magnetic order,making them promising material platforms for low-power spintronic technologies and for enabling topological functionalities in the post-Moore era.Here we review recent progress on two-dimensional(2D)magnetism in LTMCs,emphasizing material taxonomy,intrinsic magnetic properties,and external-field controls.This review first presents a classification of LTMCs by crystal structure and chemistry—binary halides,chalcogenides,and ternary families(e.g.,MPX_(3),M_(m)X_(n)Te_(k),MnBi_(2)Te_(4))—followed by a summary of their coupling mechanisms,ordering temperatures,and dimensional effects.It then analyzes the modulation of exchange interactions,magnetic anisotropy,and topological states by electric-field gating,strain engineering,and ion intercalation,with representative experimental demonstrations.Notable advances include room-temperature ferromagnetic metals and semiconductors,observation of the quantum anomalous Hall effect(QAHE)in MnBi2Te4,and synergistic control of magnetic-topological states under multiple external stimuli.Persistent challenges involve the limited availability of intrinsic 2D magnetic semiconductors with high Curie temperatures(Tc),incomplete understanding of the microscopic couplings at interfaces and under quantum confinement,and device-level stability.We conclude by outlining opportunities that lie in the integration of multiscale characterization,first-principles theory,and cross-scale fabrication to precisely co-engineer magnetism,topology,and electronic structure,thereby advancing LTMCs toward spintronic and topological-quantum applications.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)was identified as the most prevalent form of diabetes.This study employed an integrated strategy combining network pharmacology,metabolomics,and experimental validation to elucidate the t...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)was identified as the most prevalent form of diabetes.This study employed an integrated strategy combining network pharmacology,metabolomics,and experimental validation to elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of red mulberry water extract(RMW)in T2DM.Systematic analysis identified six bioactive constituents,with four key components(cyanidin,quercetin,morin,andβ-carotene)demonstrating significant interactions with diabetes-related targets.Network pharmacology revealed these compounds modulate critical pathways including AMPK(P=2.3×10^(−5)),PI3K-Akt(P=1.8×10^(−4)),and PPAR signaling(P=3.1×10^(−3)).In diabetic mice,treatment significantly improved glycemic control(32.5%reduction in fasting glucose,P<0.01),lipid profiles(36.7%lower TG,P<0.05),antioxidant activity(2.1-fold increased SOD,P<0.05),and inflammation(42%reduced TNF-α,P<0.05).Metabolomic analysis further confirmed alterations in catecholamine and lipid metabolism pathways.These findings collectively demonstrate mulberry's multi-target therapeutic potential through synergistic regulation of glucose metabolism,lipid homeostasis,oxidative stress,and inflammatory responses in diabetes.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probi...BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.展开更多
Light element compounds under high pressure display intriguing properties and applications,owing to their diverse bonding patterns and crystalline structures.However,the system of ternary Be-C-O compounds under high p...Light element compounds under high pressure display intriguing properties and applications,owing to their diverse bonding patterns and crystalline structures.However,the system of ternary Be-C-O compounds under high pressure,as the lightest representative of the IIA-IVA-VIA family,remains largely unexplored.Using a machine-learning-accelerated crystal structure search and first-principles calculations,Be-C-O phase diagrams are investigated at pressures ranging from 0 to 100 GPa.Four ternary compounds are proposed to be stable at corresponding pressures:BeCO_(3),Be_(2)CO_(4),Be_(2)C_(4)O_(3),and BeC_(4)O_(2).Analyses of electronic structure and chemical bonding further reveal how the structural diversity of these compounds is induced.Remarkably,Be_(2)C_(4)O_(3) and BeC_(4)O_(2) are recoverable to ambient conditions and possess both high energy density and high hardness.The volumetric energy densities of Be_(2)C_(4)O_(3) and BeC_(4)O_(2) could approach 9.03 and 7.94 kJ/cm^(3),respectively.The Vickers hardnesses of Be_(2)C_(4)O_(3) and BeC_(4)O_(2) are found to be close to 39.58 and 51.57 GPa,respectively.These findings demonstrate the structural and functional diversity of Be-C-O compounds under high pressure,providing guidance for further exploration of the IIA-IVA-VIA compounds.展开更多
To elucidate the variations in volatile organic compounds(VOCs)among widely cultivated japonica rice varieties in China and offer novel perspectives on flavor formation during rice-based beer brewing,nine prevalent Ch...To elucidate the variations in volatile organic compounds(VOCs)among widely cultivated japonica rice varieties in China and offer novel perspectives on flavor formation during rice-based beer brewing,nine prevalent Chinese japonica rice variaties were selected as experimental materials.Comprehensive analyses were conducted to investigate three key aspects:differences in VOCs among the selected japonica rice varieties,the retention of rice VOCs after beer brewing,and the influence of rice additives on beer sensory characteristics.Results showed that the total contents of VOCs in Wuyoudao 4(WYD4)and Nangeng 9108(NG9108)were significantly higher than those in the other varieties(P<0.05).The popcorn-flavor compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)was detected in Suigeng 27(SG27,26.80 ng/g),WYD4(25.25 ng/g),NG9108(21.18 ng/g),and Suigeng 18(SG18,11.62 ng/g),with the levels in the first three varieties significantly higher than those in SG18.Circular heatmap analysis classified the nine japonica varieties into three major categories:fragrant japonica from North China(WYD4),fragrant japonica from South China(NG9108),and others.Ten characteristic VOCs across the japonica varieties were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS).Using beer brewed with whole wheat as the control,we analyzed the VOCs and sensory characteristics of beer brewed with fragrant japonica rice as an additive.We found that rice VOCs were not detected in beer brewed with fragrant japonica rice as an additive.Adding rice promoted the formation of banana-like flavors and reduced the beer’s richness and mellowness.展开更多
We report the discovery of bulk superconductivity in a new quinary intermetallic compound Th_(2)Mo_(2)Ru_(2)Si_(4)C,crystallized in a collapsed 22241-type structure.This structure is characterized by the intergrowth o...We report the discovery of bulk superconductivity in a new quinary intermetallic compound Th_(2)Mo_(2)Ru_(2)Si_(4)C,crystallized in a collapsed 22241-type structure.This structure is characterized by the intergrowth of ThMo_(2)Si_(2)C and ThRu_(2)Si_(2) units interconnected by equivalent Si-Si bonds that enhance inter-sublattice coupling.The refined lattice parameters are a=4.2212(1)Å and c=20.3899(7)Å.Electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements of both polycrystalline and single-crystal samples consistently demonstrate bulk superconductivity with a transition temperature T_(c)∼6.0 K significantly higher than those of the constituent compound ThMo_(2)Si_(2)C and its related analogs.Under magnetic fields,the superconducting state exhibits a nearly isotropic behavior,which is attributed to strong covalent interlayer coupling.First-principles calculations reveal a substantial contribution from the Mo-d orbitals near the Fermi level,which exhibit several band-crossing points.The enhancement in T_(c) can be attributed to the synergistic combination of the valence electron concentration and the inter-sublattice self-doping effect between the[Ru_(2)Si_(2)]and[Mo_(2)Si_(2)C]layers.展开更多
The global burden of cancer,with over 19 million new cases annually,underscores the urgent need for effective therapies.Among the most promising anticancer compounds is camptothecin(CPT),a monoterpene alkaloid predomi...The global burden of cancer,with over 19 million new cases annually,underscores the urgent need for effective therapies.Among the most promising anticancer compounds is camptothecin(CPT),a monoterpene alkaloid predominantly derived from Nothapodytes species.Despite its significantpharmaceutical value,the exploitation of such Threatened Plant Species with Widespread Distribution(TPSWD),particularly driven by the global demand for natural compounds in anticancer therapies,presents a paradox in which their widespread distribution fails to ensure their secure conservation status.Furthermore,the lack of in-depth biogeographic and systematic studies complicates efforts to balance resource utilization with biodiversity preservation.The asymmetric distribution of CPT within plant taxa,along with limited knowledge of its biosynthetic pathways and the enzymes and genes involved,further hampers sustainable production.Here,we review the current knowledge on the production and protection of Nothapodytes,focusing on their plant resources,active ingredients,and natural drug derivatives.We also explore strategies for rescuing and sustainably utilizing Nothapodytes,including biotechnological advancements and integrated conservation practices.Finally,we propose future directions to address conservation challenges,ensuring a sustainable supply of CPT while safeguarding these TPSWD species.展开更多
Berberine,an isoquinoline quaternary alkaloid,is a molecule with significant therapeutic adaptability.It has been identified,isolated,and measured in a wide range of plant families and species.Of these,Berberis stands...Berberine,an isoquinoline quaternary alkaloid,is a molecule with significant therapeutic adaptability.It has been identified,isolated,and measured in a wide range of plant families and species.Of these,Berberis stands out as a significant natural source of berberine,with Berberis vulgaris(B.vulgaris)bark being one of the most notable.The numerous health benefits associated with berberine include its potential use in the treatment of diseases,such as cancer,cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,and neurological disorders.The principal use of berberine has been for its antidiarrheal properties,which may have several modes of action.Its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects are responsible for its preventive action against stomach ulcers,and it has been found to kill dangerous gut bacteria while boosting the species and numbers of health-promoting bacteria.It protects the colon by influencing the production of several immune factors in addition to upregulating the Wnt-βcreatinine signaling cascade.Berberine has shown its potential in regulating cholesterol metabolism by elevating the levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor in the liver.This review comprehensively examines the pharmacokinetics,multifaceted bioactivities,and gutprotective roles of berberine,providing a detailed analysis of its diverse physiological functions and potential clinical applications to advance the understanding and management of gastrointestinal diseases.展开更多
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2002AA333040)the Special Funds of Science and Technology Bureau of Harbin for Hi-Tech Research,China(No.2007AA4BG140)
文摘Ultrafine full-vulcanized polybutadiene rubber（UFBR） with particle sizes of ca.50―100 nm were used for modifying mechanical and processing performances of polypropylene（PP） with PP-g-maleic anhydride（PP-g-MA） as a compatibilizer for enhancing the interfacial adhesion between the two components.The morphology,dynamical rheology response and mechanical properties of the blends were characterized by means of SEM,rheometer and tensile test,respectively.The results show that the ternary PP/UFBR blends compatibilized with PP-g-MA possess rheological behaviors like highly branched PP,while no obvious strain hardening is observed in its control binary PP/UFBR blends,a low level of PP-g-MA in PP/UFBR blends can even endow the material with rheological characteristics of high melt strength materials like highly branched PP.The enhancement interfacial interaction between the UFBR particles and PP matrix accounting for the rheological behavior of compatibilized blends and effectiveness of PP-g-MA were proposed and proved.
文摘An anomalous phase containing clays and humic acid was found while extraction humic acid from samples of weathering crust of REE-bearing granites by using 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution.Studied by chemical separation experiments,column chromatography,ion-exchange chromatography,infrared spectrum.fluorescence spectrum,polarimicroscopic testing and elemental determination by ultraviolet-visible spectrometer and atomic absorption spectrometer.it was proved to be a compound of humic acid and clays which are connected in the form of bridge by heteronuclearpolynuclear complexing ions formed by cations of RE￣(5+),Al￣(3+).Fe￣(3+) etc.The compounding pattern was further proved by the experiment for compounding humic acid,REE and kaolinite.
基金Project(2013GZX0147-3) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China
文摘To improve the quality of ultrasonic elastography, by taking the advantage of code excitation and frequency compounding, a transmitting-side multi-frequency with coded excitation for elastography （TFCCE） was proposed. TFCCE adopts the chirp signal excitation scheme and strikes a balance in the selection of sub-signal bandwidth, the bandwidth overlap and the number of sub-strain image based on theoretical derivation, so as to further improve the quality of elastic image. Experiments have proved that, compared with the other optimizing methods, the elastographyic signal-to-noise ratio（Re-SN） and contrast-to-noise ratio（Re-CN） are improved significantly with different echo signal-to-noise ratios （ReSN） and attenuation coefficients. When ReSN is 50 dB, compared with short pulse, Rc-SN and Re-CN obtained by TFCCE increase by 53% and 143%, respectively. Moreover, in a deeper investigation （85-95 mm）, the image has lower strain noise and clear details. When the attenuation coefficient is in the range of 0-1 dB/（cm.MHz）, Re-SN and Re-CN obtained by TFCCE can be kept in moderate ranges of 5〈Re-SN〈6.8 and 11.4〈Re-CN〈15.2, respectively. In particular, for higher tissue attenuation, the basic image quality cannot be ensured with short pulse excitation, while mediocre quality strain figure can be obtained by TFCCE. Therefore, the TFCCE technology can effectively improve the elastography quality and can be applied to ultrasonic clinical trials.
文摘In order to observe the effects of the ground and intact Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae) and different combinations of the ingredients and refined single Chinese drug granules in Yin Chen Hao Decoction compound prescription on the contents of gardenoside (an effective component of the prescription), the contents of gardenoside were determined with reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with acetonitrile-water (15:85) as mobile phase, at wave length 238nm. The results indicated that the gardenoside-decocted-out rates in the decoctions prepared by different combinations of the ingredients with the ground Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae) all were higher significantly than those in the decoction with intact Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae), and generally, different combinations of the ingredients in the decoction had only little effect on the gardenoside-decocted-out rate.
文摘Aiming at the problem of runner unbalance in the compounding cavity of the upper and lower cover of the correction tape box, the plastic injection analysis software Moldflow was used to optimize runner balance. First, the 3D modeling software Proe was used to establish the geometric model of the upper and lower cover of the correction tape box, and introduced into the plastic injection analysis software Moldflow. Secondly, the upper and the lower cover of the correction tape box were meshed and the initial gating system was designed in Moldflow. Filling analysis of the initial scheme of the correction tape box combined cavity showed that the runner of the melt was not balanced in the mold cavity. Finally, the runner balance optimization analysis of the cavities was carried out. Through optimization, the time unbalance rate of the melt in the mold cavity decreased from 28.6% to 0.7%, the pressure unbalance rate decreased from 42.0% to 4.2%, and the pressure distribution in the cavity was more uniform in the whole injection process.
文摘This study aims to find the compound registers that are used among the Farm-Centre cell-phone marketers,analyse their compounding morphological structures,and explain the meaning they convey.The Farm-Centre Cell-phone Market is located in Kano metropolis,the largest city of Northern Nigeria.The study employs an ethnographic method of data collection and adopts Abubakar(2000)as a model of approach when analysing the structures of the compound registers.It is found that the registers have the following six morphological compound structures:(i)Genitive-based compounds[LG+N]N,(ii)Noun-based compounds[N+GL+N]N,(iii)Adjective-based compounds[Adj+N]N,(iv)Diminutive-based compounds[Dim+N]N,(v)Particle dà‘with’compounds[dà+N]N,(vi)Verb-based compounds[V+VN/Prep]V.Moreover,the registers are so special among the marketers because they convey meanings that are irrelevant to the conventional meanings known by the general speakers of the Hausa language.
文摘In English language,affixation is a significant way of forming new words,This essay intends to explore the concepts of two fundamental ways of forming new words,namely,derivation and compounding.They are different in a lot of cases,yet,it is also argued that there is a clear dividing line between compounding and derivation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42175041&42230605)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences for Future Network(Grant No.060GJHZ2022104FN)+1 种基金the Youth Program of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences during the 14th Five-Year Plan Periodthe Open Research Fund of Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(Grant No.SZKT202204)。
文摘In recent decades,Southwest China(SWC)has suffered from frequent super droughts,leading to severe economic losses and ecological degradation.This study investigates the characteristics of super droughts in SWC during 1961-2022,reveals the compounding effect of multiscalar anomalies,and explores the plausible atmospheric circulation mechanisms responsible.The nature of super drought is a compound drought caused by the superposition of extreme drought events across multiple time scales.By contrasting the typical drought cases in 2006 and 2022,the decisive role of multiscalar drought compounding is confirmed.Based on the Comprehensive Multiscalar Index(CMI),multiple super drought events in SWC were identified to be temporally clustered during 2006-2014.Among them,the decadal background of enhanced evaporation and precipitation deficit at long time scales is a necessary condition for shaping the overall pattern of super droughts,while the precipitation and evaporation anomalies at short time scales trigger the outbreak of super droughts,determining the exact timing of occurrence.These events include August-September 2006,November 2009 to May 2010,July-October 2011,April-May 2012,January-April 2013,etc.Statistical results suggest that the contribution of superposed precipitation anomalies to super drought is 2.4 times that of evaporation.As regards the circulation mechanisms affecting multiscalar precipitation,the anomalous spatial patterns at short-term and long-term scales are similar,featuring the cyclonic circulation over the South China Sea and the northeasterly wind anomalies together with the subsidence center over SWC.During 2006-2014,the possible causes for the cross-seasonal persistent precipitation reduction in SWC are the extreme negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)in the North Pacific as well as the pronounced warming of the warm pool in the western Pacific.The key dynamic processes are outlined as follows.On the one hand,the negative PDO phase generates anomalous anticyclonic circulation in the North Pacific,with the northeasterly winds on its southwest flank extending to Southeast Asia,hindering moisture transport into SWC.On the other hand,the warming of the warm pool excites anomalous cyclonic circulation to its northwest,also giving rise to northeasterly wind anomalies over SWC.Meanwhile,the ascending motion over the warm pool region diverges at upper levels with outflows converging aloft over SWC,which further induces compensating downward motion there.The combined effect of the above two remote forcings establishes a climatic background state unfavorable for precipitation over SWC at long time scales,thus constituting a crucial prerequisite for the superimposition of short-term precipitation anomalies to develop into super droughts.
基金Project supported by the Early-Career Young Scientists and Technologists Project of Jiangxi Province(No.20244BCE52224)ant the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.20252BAC200240)。
文摘Selenoester compounds exhibit significant biological activity and are widely used in the synthesis of natural products,protein intermediates,and superconducting materials.However,the current methods for constructing selenoesters suffer from drawbacks such as expensive catalysts,multiple reaction steps,low yields,and poor efficiency to sterically hindered acyl chlorides.Here,an efficient indium-promoted method for the synthesis of Se-aryl-2,2-dimethylbutaneselenoates is developed.The strategy features broad substrate scope,mild reaction conditions and simple operation,offering the desired products in moderate to excellent yields.Furthermore,the gram-scale reaction can be conducted smoothly,laying the foundation for subsequent derivatization of such structures.
文摘To address the longstanding challenge in traditional carborane methodology of rapidly and efficiently constructing carboranyl-based polycyclic frameworks,Pd-catalyzed one-pot reactions between pyridyl-substituted nidocarboranes and alkynes directly afford two distinct types of 2D-3D fused carboranyl polycyclic compounds:3a-3f,4a-4d.The structures of this series of compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,single-crystal X-ray diffraction,and high-resolution mass spectrometry,and a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.Crystal structures reveal that the multiple rings in such 2D-3D fused carboranyl polycyclic compounds exhibit a certain degree of coplanarity.Furthermore,these compounds exhibited properties distinct from those of conventional 2D polycyclic systems.CCDC:2481988,3c,2481990,3f,2481986,4d.
基金supported by the National KeyR&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFB3817400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.12274276 and No.U24A6002)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(China)(Grant No.202403021223008)Supported by Scientific and Technology Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(Grant No.2024Q017 and No.2025L043).
文摘Layered transition-metal compounds(LTMCs)feature stacked architectures,strong magnetic anisotropy,and tunable magnetic order,making them promising material platforms for low-power spintronic technologies and for enabling topological functionalities in the post-Moore era.Here we review recent progress on two-dimensional(2D)magnetism in LTMCs,emphasizing material taxonomy,intrinsic magnetic properties,and external-field controls.This review first presents a classification of LTMCs by crystal structure and chemistry—binary halides,chalcogenides,and ternary families(e.g.,MPX_(3),M_(m)X_(n)Te_(k),MnBi_(2)Te_(4))—followed by a summary of their coupling mechanisms,ordering temperatures,and dimensional effects.It then analyzes the modulation of exchange interactions,magnetic anisotropy,and topological states by electric-field gating,strain engineering,and ion intercalation,with representative experimental demonstrations.Notable advances include room-temperature ferromagnetic metals and semiconductors,observation of the quantum anomalous Hall effect(QAHE)in MnBi2Te4,and synergistic control of magnetic-topological states under multiple external stimuli.Persistent challenges involve the limited availability of intrinsic 2D magnetic semiconductors with high Curie temperatures(Tc),incomplete understanding of the microscopic couplings at interfaces and under quantum confinement,and device-level stability.We conclude by outlining opportunities that lie in the integration of multiscale characterization,first-principles theory,and cross-scale fabrication to precisely co-engineer magnetism,topology,and electronic structure,thereby advancing LTMCs toward spintronic and topological-quantum applications.
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)was identified as the most prevalent form of diabetes.This study employed an integrated strategy combining network pharmacology,metabolomics,and experimental validation to elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of red mulberry water extract(RMW)in T2DM.Systematic analysis identified six bioactive constituents,with four key components(cyanidin,quercetin,morin,andβ-carotene)demonstrating significant interactions with diabetes-related targets.Network pharmacology revealed these compounds modulate critical pathways including AMPK(P=2.3×10^(−5)),PI3K-Akt(P=1.8×10^(−4)),and PPAR signaling(P=3.1×10^(−3)).In diabetic mice,treatment significantly improved glycemic control(32.5%reduction in fasting glucose,P<0.01),lipid profiles(36.7%lower TG,P<0.05),antioxidant activity(2.1-fold increased SOD,P<0.05),and inflammation(42%reduced TNF-α,P<0.05).Metabolomic analysis further confirmed alterations in catecholamine and lipid metabolism pathways.These findings collectively demonstrate mulberry's multi-target therapeutic potential through synergistic regulation of glucose metabolism,lipid homeostasis,oxidative stress,and inflammatory responses in diabetes.
文摘BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFA0703404 and 2017YFA0403704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11774121 and 91745203)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(Grant No.IRT_15R23).
文摘Light element compounds under high pressure display intriguing properties and applications,owing to their diverse bonding patterns and crystalline structures.However,the system of ternary Be-C-O compounds under high pressure,as the lightest representative of the IIA-IVA-VIA family,remains largely unexplored.Using a machine-learning-accelerated crystal structure search and first-principles calculations,Be-C-O phase diagrams are investigated at pressures ranging from 0 to 100 GPa.Four ternary compounds are proposed to be stable at corresponding pressures:BeCO_(3),Be_(2)CO_(4),Be_(2)C_(4)O_(3),and BeC_(4)O_(2).Analyses of electronic structure and chemical bonding further reveal how the structural diversity of these compounds is induced.Remarkably,Be_(2)C_(4)O_(3) and BeC_(4)O_(2) are recoverable to ambient conditions and possess both high energy density and high hardness.The volumetric energy densities of Be_(2)C_(4)O_(3) and BeC_(4)O_(2) could approach 9.03 and 7.94 kJ/cm^(3),respectively.The Vickers hardnesses of Be_(2)C_(4)O_(3) and BeC_(4)O_(2) are found to be close to 39.58 and 51.57 GPa,respectively.These findings demonstrate the structural and functional diversity of Be-C-O compounds under high pressure,providing guidance for further exploration of the IIA-IVA-VIA compounds.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.LTGN24C020004)the Enterprise Cooperation Project,China(Grant No.HRJYH-202330)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Province Pioneer and Bellwethers Research&Development Project of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.2023C02014)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Grant No.CPSIBRFCNRRI-202303).
文摘To elucidate the variations in volatile organic compounds(VOCs)among widely cultivated japonica rice varieties in China and offer novel perspectives on flavor formation during rice-based beer brewing,nine prevalent Chinese japonica rice variaties were selected as experimental materials.Comprehensive analyses were conducted to investigate three key aspects:differences in VOCs among the selected japonica rice varieties,the retention of rice VOCs after beer brewing,and the influence of rice additives on beer sensory characteristics.Results showed that the total contents of VOCs in Wuyoudao 4(WYD4)and Nangeng 9108(NG9108)were significantly higher than those in the other varieties(P<0.05).The popcorn-flavor compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)was detected in Suigeng 27(SG27,26.80 ng/g),WYD4(25.25 ng/g),NG9108(21.18 ng/g),and Suigeng 18(SG18,11.62 ng/g),with the levels in the first three varieties significantly higher than those in SG18.Circular heatmap analysis classified the nine japonica varieties into three major categories:fragrant japonica from North China(WYD4),fragrant japonica from South China(NG9108),and others.Ten characteristic VOCs across the japonica varieties were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS).Using beer brewed with whole wheat as the control,we analyzed the VOCs and sensory characteristics of beer brewed with fragrant japonica rice as an additive.We found that rice VOCs were not detected in beer brewed with fragrant japonica rice as an additive.Adding rice promoted the formation of banana-like flavors and reduced the beer’s richness and mellowness.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos.2022YFA1403202 and 2023YFA1406101)the CAS Superconducting Research Project (Grant No.SCZX-0101)。
文摘We report the discovery of bulk superconductivity in a new quinary intermetallic compound Th_(2)Mo_(2)Ru_(2)Si_(4)C,crystallized in a collapsed 22241-type structure.This structure is characterized by the intergrowth of ThMo_(2)Si_(2)C and ThRu_(2)Si_(2) units interconnected by equivalent Si-Si bonds that enhance inter-sublattice coupling.The refined lattice parameters are a=4.2212(1)Å and c=20.3899(7)Å.Electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements of both polycrystalline and single-crystal samples consistently demonstrate bulk superconductivity with a transition temperature T_(c)∼6.0 K significantly higher than those of the constituent compound ThMo_(2)Si_(2)C and its related analogs.Under magnetic fields,the superconducting state exhibits a nearly isotropic behavior,which is attributed to strong covalent interlayer coupling.First-principles calculations reveal a substantial contribution from the Mo-d orbitals near the Fermi level,which exhibit several band-crossing points.The enhancement in T_(c) can be attributed to the synergistic combination of the valence electron concentration and the inter-sublattice self-doping effect between the[Ru_(2)Si_(2)]and[Mo_(2)Si_(2)C]layers.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFF1306700)the Key Project of Basic Research of Yunnan Province,China(202301AS070001)the Regional Innovative Development Joint Fund of NSFC(U23A20149).
文摘The global burden of cancer,with over 19 million new cases annually,underscores the urgent need for effective therapies.Among the most promising anticancer compounds is camptothecin(CPT),a monoterpene alkaloid predominantly derived from Nothapodytes species.Despite its significantpharmaceutical value,the exploitation of such Threatened Plant Species with Widespread Distribution(TPSWD),particularly driven by the global demand for natural compounds in anticancer therapies,presents a paradox in which their widespread distribution fails to ensure their secure conservation status.Furthermore,the lack of in-depth biogeographic and systematic studies complicates efforts to balance resource utilization with biodiversity preservation.The asymmetric distribution of CPT within plant taxa,along with limited knowledge of its biosynthetic pathways and the enzymes and genes involved,further hampers sustainable production.Here,we review the current knowledge on the production and protection of Nothapodytes,focusing on their plant resources,active ingredients,and natural drug derivatives.We also explore strategies for rescuing and sustainably utilizing Nothapodytes,including biotechnological advancements and integrated conservation practices.Finally,we propose future directions to address conservation challenges,ensuring a sustainable supply of CPT while safeguarding these TPSWD species.
文摘Berberine,an isoquinoline quaternary alkaloid,is a molecule with significant therapeutic adaptability.It has been identified,isolated,and measured in a wide range of plant families and species.Of these,Berberis stands out as a significant natural source of berberine,with Berberis vulgaris(B.vulgaris)bark being one of the most notable.The numerous health benefits associated with berberine include its potential use in the treatment of diseases,such as cancer,cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,and neurological disorders.The principal use of berberine has been for its antidiarrheal properties,which may have several modes of action.Its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects are responsible for its preventive action against stomach ulcers,and it has been found to kill dangerous gut bacteria while boosting the species and numbers of health-promoting bacteria.It protects the colon by influencing the production of several immune factors in addition to upregulating the Wnt-βcreatinine signaling cascade.Berberine has shown its potential in regulating cholesterol metabolism by elevating the levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor in the liver.This review comprehensively examines the pharmacokinetics,multifaceted bioactivities,and gutprotective roles of berberine,providing a detailed analysis of its diverse physiological functions and potential clinical applications to advance the understanding and management of gastrointestinal diseases.
