AIM:To investigate the genetic basis of Weill-Marchesani syndrome(WMS)in a Chinese family and clarify the pathogenic mechanism of novel ADAMTS17 mutations.METHODS:Comprehensive clinical assessments and genetic analyse...AIM:To investigate the genetic basis of Weill-Marchesani syndrome(WMS)in a Chinese family and clarify the pathogenic mechanism of novel ADAMTS17 mutations.METHODS:Comprehensive clinical assessments and genetic analyses were performed on a Chinese family with two affected siblings.Whole-exome sequencing(WES)was conducted for the proband and other family members.Bioinformatics tools were used to evaluate the conservation,predicted pathogenicity,and structural effects of the identified ADAMTS17 variants.In addition,protein structure modeling was applied to assess the functional impacts of the mutations.RESULTS:The proband(a 32-year-old male)and his elder sister(42y)presented typical clinical features of WMS,including short stature,brachydactyly,high myopia,ectopia lentis,and secondary glaucoma.WES identified a novel compound heterozygous mutation in ADAMTS17:a splicing mutation(c.451-2A>G)inherited from the father and a missense mutation(c.1043G>A;p.C348Y)inherited from the mother.The splicing mutation disrupted normal mRNA splicing and processing,leading to premature translation termination.The missense mutation,which is located in the metalloprotease catalytic domain,was predicted to abolish a critical disulfide bond,thereby impairing protein stability.Both mutations exhibited high evolutionary conservation and were predicted to be pathogenic by multiple bioinformatics algorithms.CONCLUSION:A novel compound heterozygous mutation in ADAMTS17 is identified in this WMS-affected Chinese family,and its pathogenicity is verified via bioinformatics analysis and protein structural modeling.These findings are expected to facilitate the genetic diagnosis of WMS and deepen the understanding of its molecular pathogenesis.展开更多
This article reviews the research advances in traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb and its compound formulations in the treatment of sepsis,with particular emphasis on elucidating their mechanisms of action and clinic...This article reviews the research advances in traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb and its compound formulations in the treatment of sepsis,with particular emphasis on elucidating their mechanisms of action and clinical application value.Research has demonstrated that rhubarb and its compound formulations exert therapeutic effects via multiple targets and mechanisms,including anti-inflammatory actions,protection of the intestinal barrier,modulation of immune balance,inhibition of oxidative stress,and regulation of associated signaling pathways.Clinically,rhubarb has shown distinct advantages in enhancing gastrointestinal function,mitigating systemic inflammatory responses,and reducing mortality rates among patients with sepsis.These findings provide a foundational reference for the integrated prevention and treatment of sepsis through the combined use of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.展开更多
Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the back...Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the backdrop of global warming,plants emit more BVOCs to cope with thermal stress,leading to elevated concen-trations of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,a considerable body of research has explored the interaction between tree species and BVOCs under the influence of various environ-mental factors.Although many studies have examined explored the temperature dependence of BVOC emissions in the past,few studies have conducted a comprehensive and in-depth investigation into the impacts of tempera-ture.This review summarizes the relevant studies on BVOCs in the past decade,including the main biosynthetic pathways,emission observation techniques and emission inventories,as well as how temperature affects isoprene and monoterpene emission rates and the formation of O_(3) and SOA.Our work offers a theoretical foundation and guidance for future efforts to advance the comprehension of BVOC emission characteristics and develop strategies to mitigate secondary pollution.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probi...BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.展开更多
In high-intensity electromagnetic warfare,radar systems are persistently subjected to multi-jammer attacks,including potentially novel unknown jamming types that may emerge exclusively under wartime conditions.These j...In high-intensity electromagnetic warfare,radar systems are persistently subjected to multi-jammer attacks,including potentially novel unknown jamming types that may emerge exclusively under wartime conditions.These jamming signals severely degrade radar detection performance.Precise recognition of these unknown and compound jamming signals is critical to enhancing the anti-jamming capabilities and overall reliability of radar systems.To address this challenge,this article proposes a novel open-set compound jamming cognition(OSCJC)method.The proposed method employs a detection-classification dual-network architecture,which not only overcomes the false alarm and misdetection issues of traditional closed-set recognition methods when dealing with unknown jamming but also effectively addresses the performance bottleneck of existing open-set recognition techniques focusing on single jamming scenarios in compound jamming environments.To achieve unknown jamming detection,we first employ a consistency labeling strategy to train the detection network using diverse known jamming samples.This strategy enables the network to acquire highly generalizable jamming features,thereby accurately localizing candidate regions for individual jamming components within compound jamming.Subsequently,we introduce contrastive learning to optimize the classification network,significantly enhancing both intra-class clustering and inter-class separability in the jamming feature space.This method not only improves the recognition accuracy of the classification network for known jamming types but also enhances its sensitivity to unknown jamming types.Simulations and experimental data are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed OSCJC method.Compared with the state-of-the-art open-set recognition methods,the proposed method demonstrates superior recognition accuracy and enhanced environmental adaptability.展开更多
Endogenous hydrogen systems,consisting of metal–organic coordination catalysts and alcohols,have been widely applied for the transfer hydrogenation(TH)of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds in recent years.Metal-organ...Endogenous hydrogen systems,consisting of metal–organic coordination catalysts and alcohols,have been widely applied for the transfer hydrogenation(TH)of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds in recent years.Metal-organic coordination catalysts showed satisfactory ability of TH in the secondary alcohols,but most of them could not effectively employ the cheaper primary alcohols as hydrogen donors.Furthermore,they commonly contained high metal contents,which also led to low catalytic efficiency in significant measure.In this work,we constructed a novel magnesium single-atom catalyst(Mg-NC)with merely 0.37 wt%Mg by means of a combined self-assembly and pyrolysis strategy.The characterization results indicated that Mg was atomically dispersed and it was coordinated with four pyridinic-N in Mg-NC.Due to the obvious electron transfer from Mg to its coordinated pyridinic-N,Mg–N_(4)active centers displayed high Lewis acid-base strength with abundant content,which brought remarkable catalytic activity.When Mg-NC was used for the TH of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)in ethanol(EtOH),2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan(BHMF)yield was up to 96.3%with high productivity of 19.85 molBHMF mol_(Mg)^(−1)h^(−1)at 150°C for 5 h.More interestingly,the process of TH over Mg-NC in EtOH was proved to proceed via the hydrogen radical mechanism.Additionally,Mg-NC exhibited powerful catalytic universality;it could not only utilize other primary alcohols(such as n-propanol and n-butanol)as hydrogen donors,but also catalyze the TH of other carbonyl compounds(such as furfural,5-methylfurfural,benzaldehyde,cyclohexanone,and levulinic acid).Overall,this work offered some important clues and references to reinforce the hydrogen-supplying ability of primary alcohols in the TH of various biomass-derived carbonyl compounds to high-value fine chemicals.展开更多
Carbonyl compounds play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary pollutants such as O_(3) and SOA,signifi-cantly impacting air quality and human health.This study extended the observation period compared to previo...Carbonyl compounds play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary pollutants such as O_(3) and SOA,signifi-cantly impacting air quality and human health.This study extended the observation period compared to previous research,providing a long-term perspective on carbonyl compound variations and their environmental implica-tions.Atmospheric observations were conducted at Beijing(BJ)and Xianghe(XH)during the summer and winter months of 2018,2019,and 2023 to study the sources and impacts of carbonyl compounds in typical urban areas and peri‑urban areas.Notably,concentrations in the summer of 2023 increased compared to 2018 and 2019.The predominant carbonyl compounds—formaldehyde,acetaldehyde,and acetone—accounted for over 60%of the total.The mean values of OFP in BJ ranged from 18.55 to 58.61μg/m3,lower than those in XH(29.82 to 65.48μg/m3),with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde contributing over 80%of the total.SOAP exhibited a similar pattern,with values in XH(69.21 to 508.55μg/m3)significantly exceeding those in BJ(34.47 to 159.78μg/m3).The PMF model highlighted vehicle exhaust,secondary pollution,and biomass combustion as major sources of carbonyl compounds,emphasizing differences in source contributions between the two regions.This study’s com-parative analysis over different years and locations provides new insights into the dynamic changes in carbonyl compounds and their environmental importance.These results not only reinforce the importance of carbonyl compounds regulation but also offer a valuable reference for evaluating and refining emission control strategies during this period.展开更多
The theory and approach of the surface modified of asphalt fire-retardant with silane coupling agent were introduced. The optimum silane dosage was determined, and the structure and properties of the asphalt fire-reta...The theory and approach of the surface modified of asphalt fire-retardant with silane coupling agent were introduced. The optimum silane dosage was determined, and the structure and properties of the asphalt fire-retardant before and after the surface modification were characterized by infrared spectrum and thermo gravimetric analysis. The dispersion effect of asphalt flre-retardant was studied. The influence of the surface modification on the hydrophilicity and lipophilicity of the asphalt fire-retardant was analyzed. The experimental results showed that there were physical and chemical interactions between the silane coupling agent and the asphalt fire-retardant, which reduced the surface polarity of the asphalt fire retardant. The optimum silane coupling agent dosage was 0.95% of the asphalt fire retardant. The surface modification improved the thermal stability, dispersibility and lipophilicity of the asphalt fire retardant, which enhanced the compatibility between asphalt fire retardant and asphalt.展开更多
In this study, compounded surface modification technology-high current pulsed electron beam （HCPEB） ＋ micro-plasma oxidation （MPO） was applied to treat ZK60 Mg alloys. The characteristics of the microstructure of...In this study, compounded surface modification technology-high current pulsed electron beam （HCPEB） ＋ micro-plasma oxidation （MPO） was applied to treat ZK60 Mg alloys. The characteristics of the microstructure of ZK60 Mg alloy after single MPO and HCPEB＋MPO compounded treatment were investigated by SEM. The results showed that the density of the ceramic layer of HCPEB＋MPO-treated ZK60 Mg alloy was improved and defects were reduced compared to that under MPO treatment alone. Surface modified layer of ZK60 Mg alloys treated by HCPEB＋MPO was divided into three zones, namely the top loose ceramic zone, middle compact zone and inside HCPEB-induced melted zone. Corrosion resistance of ZK60 Mg alloy before and after the compounded surface modification was measured in a solution of 3.5% NaCl by potentiodynamic polarization curves. It was found that the corrosion current density of ZK60 Mg alloys could be reduced by about three orders of magnitude, from 311μA/cm^2 of the original sample to 0.2μA/cm^2 of the HCPEB＋MPO-treated sample. This indicates the great application potential of the HCPEB＋MPO compounded surface modification technology in improving the corrosion resistance of ZK60 Mg alloys in the future.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the quality of topical 2%diltiazem formulations extemporaneously compounded by retail pharmacies openly offering drug-compounding services.METHODS:A participating healthcare professional wrote 12 pr...AIM:To investigate the quality of topical 2%diltiazem formulations extemporaneously compounded by retail pharmacies openly offering drug-compounding services.METHODS:A participating healthcare professional wrote 12 prescriptions for compounded 2%diltiazem cream,with 2 refills allowed per prescription.The 12sets of prescriptions were filled,at intervals of 1-2 wk between refills,at 12 different independent retail pharmacies that openly offer drug-compounding services in a major metropolitan region.The 36 resultant preparations,provided as jars or tubes,were shipped,as soon as each was filled,at ambient temperature to the study core laboratory for high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)analysis,within 10 d of receipt.For the HPLC analysis,8 different samples of the topical diltiazem,each approximately 1 g in weight,were taken from prespecified locations within each container.To initiate the HPLC analysis,each sample was transferredto a 100 mL volumetric flask,to which methanol was added.The HPLC analysis was conducted in accordance with the laboratory-validated method for diltiazem in cream,ointment,and gel formulations.The main outcome measures were potency(percentage of label claim)and content uniformity of the compounded topical 2%diltiazem formulations.RESULTS:Of the 36 prescriptions filled,30 were packaged in jars and 6 were packaged as tubes.The prescriptions were specifically for cream formulations,but6 of the 12 pharmacies compounded 2%diltiazem as an ointment;for another pharmacy,which had inadequate labeling,the dosage form was unknown.The United States Pharmacopoeia(USP)standard for potency is 90%-115%of label claim.Of the 36 preparations,5(13.89%)were suprapotent and 13(36.11%)were subpotent.The suprapotent prescriptions ranged in potency from 117.2%to 128.5%of label claim,and the subpotent prescriptions ranged in potency from34.8%to 89.8%of label claim.Fourteen(38.9%)preparations lacked content uniformity according to the USP standard of 90%-110%potency and<6%relative standard deviation.Of the 30 formulations packaged in jars,12(40%)lacked content uniformity,while of the6 formulations packaged in tubes,2(33.3%)lacked content uniformity.Nine of the 12 pharmacies(75%)failed USP potency or content-uniformity specifications for at least 1 of the 3 prescription fills.For 5 of the 12pharmacies(41.7%),the mean potency across all three prescription fills was<90%of label claim.CONCLUSION:Patients prescribed topical 2%diltiazem for treatment of anal fissure frequently receive compounded formulations that are misbranded with respect to potency and that lack content uniformity.展开更多
A new kind of compounded microbial flocculant (CMBF) for water and wastewater treatment has been developed through biological technology. In order to discuss its biological security, four groups of experiments, rat ac...A new kind of compounded microbial flocculant (CMBF) for water and wastewater treatment has been developed through biological technology. In order to discuss its biological security, four groups of experiments, rat acute toxicity test via mouth, salmonella assay in vitro, mouse micronucleus in vivo test and teratogenesis test were conducted to evaluate its general toxicity, genotoxicity and generative toxicity. The experimental results showed that this type of compounded microbial flocculant was a substantial non-toxic substance based on the fact that LD50 value was over 10 mg/kg. The results from salmonella in vivo test and mouse micronucleus in vivo test revealed that the compounded microbial flocculant is a genetically non-toxic substance. Furthermore, compounded microbial flocculant has little effect on the growth of all the rats, and any morphologic abnormal phenomenon hasn’t appeared.展开更多
A new process for manufacturing organically compounded bentonite was devcloped successfully based on the organic intercalation andlayered structure of bentonitc.The main steps in the proposed process included wet sodi...A new process for manufacturing organically compounded bentonite was devcloped successfully based on the organic intercalation andlayered structure of bentonitc.The main steps in the proposed process included wet sodium activation of bentonite ore,organic com-pounding and high-pressure roll grinding.The optimum procedure is recommended as follows:5 mass%of sodium carbonate powderand 30 wt.%water are added to activate the bentonite ore for 24 h to prepare activated bentonice;0.5 wt.%of organic molecules are adiedinto the activated bentonite for organic compounding for 12 h:then,the high-pressure rollgrinding is followed to treat the organicallycompounded bentonice;:and finally,drying and fine prinding are performed for prenaring the final organically compounded bentoniteprodiuct with 10 wt.%moisture and 98% passing 0.074 mm.The obtained organically compounded bentonite was characterized usingan X-ray diffractometer,a scanning electron microscope and anX-ray photoelectron spectrometer.To confirm the effect of organicallycompounded bentonite on green balls,the pelletizing tests were carried out.The rexsults showed that high-pressure roll grinding can notonly enhance the ability of the crystal layer to hold the combined water.but also strengthen the intercalation compounding of the organicadditive,which is beneficial for the formation of a fiber-interlaced structure of the organically compounded bentonite and improvesthe quality index of the bentonite itself.Also,the organically compounded bentonite is helpiul to improve the indexes of green balls.展开更多
The seakeeping performance of a certain ship equipped with semi-submerged bow ( SSB) and bow-fins is discussed. The numerical calculations are carried out on a 600t deep-V compound archetypal ship. The results show th...The seakeeping performance of a certain ship equipped with semi-submerged bow ( SSB) and bow-fins is discussed. The numerical calculations are carried out on a 600t deep-V compound archetypal ship. The results show that the compounded ship form has excellent seakeeping performance and thus it establishes the theoretical foundations for the development of mono-hull compounded ship form with high se akeeping performance.展开更多
In order to achieve efficient and durable oil-water emulsion separation,the membranes possessing high separation efficiency and mechanical strength attract extensive attention and are in great demand.In present study,...In order to achieve efficient and durable oil-water emulsion separation,the membranes possessing high separation efficiency and mechanical strength attract extensive attention and are in great demand.In present study,a kind of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)-based bilayer membrane was fabricated by electrospinning fibrous PTFE(fPTFE)on an expanded PTFE(ePTFE)substrate.The morphological observation revealed that the fibrous structure of the fPTFE layer could be tailored by controlling the formulation of spinning solution.The addition of appropriate polyoxyethylene(PEO)would make the fibers in the fPTFE layer finer and more uniform.As a result,the compounded membrane exhibited a small pore size of approximately 1.25µm and a substantial porosity nearing 80%.This led to super-hydrophobicity,characterized by a high water contact angle(WCA)of 149.8°,and facilitated rapid oil permeation.The water-in-oil emulsion separation experiment further confirmed that the compounded membrane not only had a high separation efficiency closing 100%,but such an outstanding separation capacity could be largely retained,either through multiple cycles of use or through strong acid(pH=1),strong alkali(pH=12),or high-temperature(100°C)treatment.Additionally,the mechanical behavior of the bilayer membrane was basically contributed by that of each layer in terms of their volume ratio.More significantly,the poor creep resistance of fPTFE layer was suppressed by compounding with ePTFE substrate.Hence,this study has laid the groundwork for a novel approach to create PTFE-based compounded membranes with exceptional overall characteristics,showing promise for applications in the realm of emulsion separation.展开更多
Furniture is identified as a vital volatile organic compound(VOC)emission source in the indoor environment.Leather has become the most common raw and auxiliary fabric material for upholstered furniture,particularly wi...Furniture is identified as a vital volatile organic compound(VOC)emission source in the indoor environment.Leather has become the most common raw and auxiliary fabric material for upholstered furniture,particularly with extensive consumption in sofas,due to its abundant resources and efficient functions.Despite being widely traded across the world,little research has been conducted on the VOCs released by leathermaterials and their health risk assessment in the indoor environment.Accordingly,this study investigated the VOC emissions of leather with different grades and the health risk of the inhalation exposure.Based on the ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose(EN)and GC-FID/Qtof,the substantial emissions of aliphatic aldehyde ketones(Aks),particularly hexanal,appear to be the cause of off-flavor in medium and low grade(MG and LG)sofa leathers.The health risk assessment indicated that leather materials barely pose non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects to residents.Given the abundance of VOC sources and the accumulation of health risks in the indoor environment,more stringent specifications concerning qualitative and quantitative content should be extended to provide VOC treatment basic for the manufacturing industry and obtain better indoor air quality.展开更多
Initial success has been achieved in Hong Kong in controlling primary air pollutants,but ambient ozone levels kept increasing during the past three decades.Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are important for mitigating ...Initial success has been achieved in Hong Kong in controlling primary air pollutants,but ambient ozone levels kept increasing during the past three decades.Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are important for mitigating ozone pollution as its major precursors.This study analyzed VOC characteristics of roadside,suburban,and rural sites in Hong Kong to investigate their compositions,concentrations,and source contributions.Herewe showthat the TVOC concentrations were 23.05±13.24,12.68±15.36,and 5.16±5.48 ppbv for roadside,suburban,and rural sites between May 2015 to June 2019,respectively.By using Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model,six sources were identified at the roadside site over five years:Liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)usage(33%–46%),gasoline evaporation(8%–31%),aged air mass(11%–28%),gasoline exhaust(5%–16%),diesel exhaust(2%–16%)and fuel filling(75–9%).Similarly,six sources were distinguished at the suburban site,including LPG usage(30%–33%),solvent usage(20%–26%),diesel exhaust(14%–26%),gasoline evaporation(8%–16%),aged air mass(4%–11%),and biogenic emissions(2%–5%).At the rural site,four sources were identified,including aged airmass(33%–51%),solvent usage(25%–30%),vehicular emissions(11%–28%),and biogenic emissions(6%–12%).The analysis further revealed that fuel filling and LPG usage were the primary contributors to OFP and OH reactivity at the roadside site,while solvent usage and biogenic emissions accounted for almost half of OFP and OH reactivity at the suburban and rural sites,respectively.These findings highlight the importance of identifying and characterizing VOC sources at different sites to help policymakers develop targeted measures for pollution mitigation in specific areas.展开更多
Organic-rich mudstones and shales,which hold significant potential for shale oil resources,characterize the first member of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation(K_(2)qn~1)in the Sanzhao sag of the Songliao Basin...Organic-rich mudstones and shales,which hold significant potential for shale oil resources,characterize the first member of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation(K_(2)qn~1)in the Sanzhao sag of the Songliao Basin,NE China.Focusing on 30 core samples obtained from the first shale oil parameter well,named SYY3 in the study area,we systematically analyzed the composition and stratigraphic distribution of the K_(2)qn~1 heteroatomic compounds using electrospray ionization Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(ESI FT-ICR MS),to assess their geological relevance to shale oil.The findings indicate that in the negative ion mode,the heteroatomic compounds predominantly consist of N_(1),N_(1)O_(1)-N_(1)O_(8),O_(1)-O_(8),O_(1)S_(1)-O_(6)S_(1);contrastingly,in the positive ion mode,they are primarily composed of N_(1)-N_(2),N_(1)O_(1)-N_(1)O_(4),N_(2)O_(1),O_(1)-O_(4),O_(1)S_(1)-O_(2)S_(1).Heteroatomic compound distributions vary significantly with depth in the negative ion mode,with minor variations in the positive ion mode.These distributions are categorized into three types based on the negative ion ratio((N_(1)+N_(1)O_(x))/O_(x)):TypeⅠ(>1.5),TypeⅡ(0.8-1.5),and TypeⅢ(<0.8);typesⅠandⅡgenerally exhibit a broader range of carbon numbers compared to TypeⅢ.The distribution of double bond equivalent(DBE)values across various sample types exhibits minimal variance,whereas that of carbon numbers shows substantial differences.Variations in heteroatomic compound compositions among the samples might have resulted from vertical sedimentary heterogeneity and differing biotic contributions.TypeⅢsamples show a decrease in total organic carbon(TOC)and free oil content(S_(1))compared to typesⅠandⅡ,but an increased oil saturation index(OSI),indicating a lower content of free oil but a higher proportion of movable oil.The reduced content of N-containing compounds implies lower paleolake productivity during deposition,leading to a reduction in TOC and S_(1).A lower TOC can enhance oil movability due to reduced oil adsorption,and the decreased presence of polar nitrogenous macromolecules with fewer highC-number heteroatomic compounds further promote shale oil movability.Additionally,the negative ion ratios of N1/N1O1and O2/O1 exhibit positive and negative correlations with the values of TOC,S_(1),and extractable organic matter(EOM),respectively,indicating that the salinity and redox conditions of the depositional water body are the primary controlling factors for both organic matter enrichment and shale oil accumulation.展开更多
This study evaluates the performance of polymer fire-retardant and extinguishing gels through experimental comparisons with traditional foam extinguishing agents and water.The findings indicate that polymer fire-retar...This study evaluates the performance of polymer fire-retardant and extinguishing gels through experimental comparisons with traditional foam extinguishing agents and water.The findings indicate that polymer fire-retardant and extinguishing gels exhibit significant advantages over conventional water and foam in terms of fire suppression and prevention of re-ignition.Based on these results,the fire retardant mechanisms of the polymer gel are hypothesized.展开更多
VOCs(Volatile organic compounds)exert a vital role in ozone and secondary organic aerosol production,necessitating investigations into their concentration,chemical characteristics,and source apportionment for the effe...VOCs(Volatile organic compounds)exert a vital role in ozone and secondary organic aerosol production,necessitating investigations into their concentration,chemical characteristics,and source apportionment for the effective implementation of measures aimed at preventing and controlling atmospheric pollution.FromJuly to October 2020,onlinemonitoringwas conducted in the main urban area of Shijiazhuang to collect data on VOCs and analyze their concentrations and reactivity.Additionally,the PMF(positive matrix factorization)method was utilized to identify the VOCs sources.Results indicated that the TVOCs(total VOCs)concentration was(96.7±63.4μg/m^3),with alkanes exhibiting the highest concentration of(36.1±26.4μg/m^3),followed by OVOCs(16.4±14.4μg/m^3).The key active components were alkenes and aromatics,among which xylene,propylene,toluene,propionaldehyde,acetaldehyde,ethylene,and styrene played crucial roles as reactive species.The sources derived from PMF analysis encompassed vehicle emissions,solvent and coating sources,combustion sources,industrial emissions sources,as well as plant sources,the contribution of which were 37.80%,27.93%,16.57%,15.24%,and 2.46%,respectively.Hence,reducing vehicular exhaust emissions and encouraging neighboring industries to adopt low-volatile organic solvents and coatings should be prioritized to mitigate VOCs levels.展开更多
文摘AIM:To investigate the genetic basis of Weill-Marchesani syndrome(WMS)in a Chinese family and clarify the pathogenic mechanism of novel ADAMTS17 mutations.METHODS:Comprehensive clinical assessments and genetic analyses were performed on a Chinese family with two affected siblings.Whole-exome sequencing(WES)was conducted for the proband and other family members.Bioinformatics tools were used to evaluate the conservation,predicted pathogenicity,and structural effects of the identified ADAMTS17 variants.In addition,protein structure modeling was applied to assess the functional impacts of the mutations.RESULTS:The proband(a 32-year-old male)and his elder sister(42y)presented typical clinical features of WMS,including short stature,brachydactyly,high myopia,ectopia lentis,and secondary glaucoma.WES identified a novel compound heterozygous mutation in ADAMTS17:a splicing mutation(c.451-2A>G)inherited from the father and a missense mutation(c.1043G>A;p.C348Y)inherited from the mother.The splicing mutation disrupted normal mRNA splicing and processing,leading to premature translation termination.The missense mutation,which is located in the metalloprotease catalytic domain,was predicted to abolish a critical disulfide bond,thereby impairing protein stability.Both mutations exhibited high evolutionary conservation and were predicted to be pathogenic by multiple bioinformatics algorithms.CONCLUSION:A novel compound heterozygous mutation in ADAMTS17 is identified in this WMS-affected Chinese family,and its pathogenicity is verified via bioinformatics analysis and protein structural modeling.These findings are expected to facilitate the genetic diagnosis of WMS and deepen the understanding of its molecular pathogenesis.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82374346)Double Hundred Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Medical and Health Talents of Wuxi City(BJ2023071)Scientific Research Project of Wuxi Municipal Health Commission(Q202358).
文摘This article reviews the research advances in traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb and its compound formulations in the treatment of sepsis,with particular emphasis on elucidating their mechanisms of action and clinical application value.Research has demonstrated that rhubarb and its compound formulations exert therapeutic effects via multiple targets and mechanisms,including anti-inflammatory actions,protection of the intestinal barrier,modulation of immune balance,inhibition of oxidative stress,and regulation of associated signaling pathways.Clinically,rhubarb has shown distinct advantages in enhancing gastrointestinal function,mitigating systemic inflammatory responses,and reducing mortality rates among patients with sepsis.These findings provide a foundational reference for the integrated prevention and treatment of sepsis through the combined use of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFC3714200)Guangxi Key Research and Development Program,China(No.Guike AB24010074)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22276099,U24A20515 and 22361162668)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240036)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX24_1529).
文摘Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the backdrop of global warming,plants emit more BVOCs to cope with thermal stress,leading to elevated concen-trations of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,a considerable body of research has explored the interaction between tree species and BVOCs under the influence of various environ-mental factors.Although many studies have examined explored the temperature dependence of BVOC emissions in the past,few studies have conducted a comprehensive and in-depth investigation into the impacts of tempera-ture.This review summarizes the relevant studies on BVOCs in the past decade,including the main biosynthetic pathways,emission observation techniques and emission inventories,as well as how temperature affects isoprene and monoterpene emission rates and the formation of O_(3) and SOA.Our work offers a theoretical foundation and guidance for future efforts to advance the comprehension of BVOC emission characteristics and develop strategies to mitigate secondary pollution.
文摘BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.
文摘In high-intensity electromagnetic warfare,radar systems are persistently subjected to multi-jammer attacks,including potentially novel unknown jamming types that may emerge exclusively under wartime conditions.These jamming signals severely degrade radar detection performance.Precise recognition of these unknown and compound jamming signals is critical to enhancing the anti-jamming capabilities and overall reliability of radar systems.To address this challenge,this article proposes a novel open-set compound jamming cognition(OSCJC)method.The proposed method employs a detection-classification dual-network architecture,which not only overcomes the false alarm and misdetection issues of traditional closed-set recognition methods when dealing with unknown jamming but also effectively addresses the performance bottleneck of existing open-set recognition techniques focusing on single jamming scenarios in compound jamming environments.To achieve unknown jamming detection,we first employ a consistency labeling strategy to train the detection network using diverse known jamming samples.This strategy enables the network to acquire highly generalizable jamming features,thereby accurately localizing candidate regions for individual jamming components within compound jamming.Subsequently,we introduce contrastive learning to optimize the classification network,significantly enhancing both intra-class clustering and inter-class separability in the jamming feature space.This method not only improves the recognition accuracy of the classification network for known jamming types but also enhances its sensitivity to unknown jamming types.Simulations and experimental data are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed OSCJC method.Compared with the state-of-the-art open-set recognition methods,the proposed method demonstrates superior recognition accuracy and enhanced environmental adaptability.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20421)the Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province,the 533 Talent Program of Huaian City,and the College Students’Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program of Jiangsu Province(X202510323027).
文摘Endogenous hydrogen systems,consisting of metal–organic coordination catalysts and alcohols,have been widely applied for the transfer hydrogenation(TH)of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds in recent years.Metal-organic coordination catalysts showed satisfactory ability of TH in the secondary alcohols,but most of them could not effectively employ the cheaper primary alcohols as hydrogen donors.Furthermore,they commonly contained high metal contents,which also led to low catalytic efficiency in significant measure.In this work,we constructed a novel magnesium single-atom catalyst(Mg-NC)with merely 0.37 wt%Mg by means of a combined self-assembly and pyrolysis strategy.The characterization results indicated that Mg was atomically dispersed and it was coordinated with four pyridinic-N in Mg-NC.Due to the obvious electron transfer from Mg to its coordinated pyridinic-N,Mg–N_(4)active centers displayed high Lewis acid-base strength with abundant content,which brought remarkable catalytic activity.When Mg-NC was used for the TH of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)in ethanol(EtOH),2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan(BHMF)yield was up to 96.3%with high productivity of 19.85 molBHMF mol_(Mg)^(−1)h^(−1)at 150°C for 5 h.More interestingly,the process of TH over Mg-NC in EtOH was proved to proceed via the hydrogen radical mechanism.Additionally,Mg-NC exhibited powerful catalytic universality;it could not only utilize other primary alcohols(such as n-propanol and n-butanol)as hydrogen donors,but also catalyze the TH of other carbonyl compounds(such as furfural,5-methylfurfural,benzaldehyde,cyclohexanone,and levulinic acid).Overall,this work offered some important clues and references to reinforce the hydrogen-supplying ability of primary alcohols in the TH of various biomass-derived carbonyl compounds to high-value fine chemicals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41905108 and 42130704).
文摘Carbonyl compounds play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary pollutants such as O_(3) and SOA,signifi-cantly impacting air quality and human health.This study extended the observation period compared to previous research,providing a long-term perspective on carbonyl compound variations and their environmental implica-tions.Atmospheric observations were conducted at Beijing(BJ)and Xianghe(XH)during the summer and winter months of 2018,2019,and 2023 to study the sources and impacts of carbonyl compounds in typical urban areas and peri‑urban areas.Notably,concentrations in the summer of 2023 increased compared to 2018 and 2019.The predominant carbonyl compounds—formaldehyde,acetaldehyde,and acetone—accounted for over 60%of the total.The mean values of OFP in BJ ranged from 18.55 to 58.61μg/m3,lower than those in XH(29.82 to 65.48μg/m3),with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde contributing over 80%of the total.SOAP exhibited a similar pattern,with values in XH(69.21 to 508.55μg/m3)significantly exceeding those in BJ(34.47 to 159.78μg/m3).The PMF model highlighted vehicle exhaust,secondary pollution,and biomass combustion as major sources of carbonyl compounds,emphasizing differences in source contributions between the two regions.This study’s com-parative analysis over different years and locations provides new insights into the dynamic changes in carbonyl compounds and their environmental importance.These results not only reinforce the importance of carbonyl compounds regulation but also offer a valuable reference for evaluating and refining emission control strategies during this period.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50978263)
文摘The theory and approach of the surface modified of asphalt fire-retardant with silane coupling agent were introduced. The optimum silane dosage was determined, and the structure and properties of the asphalt fire-retardant before and after the surface modification were characterized by infrared spectrum and thermo gravimetric analysis. The dispersion effect of asphalt flre-retardant was studied. The influence of the surface modification on the hydrophilicity and lipophilicity of the asphalt fire-retardant was analyzed. The experimental results showed that there were physical and chemical interactions between the silane coupling agent and the asphalt fire-retardant, which reduced the surface polarity of the asphalt fire retardant. The optimum silane coupling agent dosage was 0.95% of the asphalt fire retardant. The surface modification improved the thermal stability, dispersibility and lipophilicity of the asphalt fire retardant, which enhanced the compatibility between asphalt fire retardant and asphalt.
基金supported by Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program of China (No. 2008921028)Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China (No. 200801451082)
文摘In this study, compounded surface modification technology-high current pulsed electron beam （HCPEB） ＋ micro-plasma oxidation （MPO） was applied to treat ZK60 Mg alloys. The characteristics of the microstructure of ZK60 Mg alloy after single MPO and HCPEB＋MPO compounded treatment were investigated by SEM. The results showed that the density of the ceramic layer of HCPEB＋MPO-treated ZK60 Mg alloy was improved and defects were reduced compared to that under MPO treatment alone. Surface modified layer of ZK60 Mg alloys treated by HCPEB＋MPO was divided into three zones, namely the top loose ceramic zone, middle compact zone and inside HCPEB-induced melted zone. Corrosion resistance of ZK60 Mg alloy before and after the compounded surface modification was measured in a solution of 3.5% NaCl by potentiodynamic polarization curves. It was found that the corrosion current density of ZK60 Mg alloys could be reduced by about three orders of magnitude, from 311μA/cm^2 of the original sample to 0.2μA/cm^2 of the HCPEB＋MPO-treated sample. This indicates the great application potential of the HCPEB＋MPO compounded surface modification technology in improving the corrosion resistance of ZK60 Mg alloys in the future.
基金Supported by Ventrus Biosciences,Inc.,New York,NY,United States
文摘AIM:To investigate the quality of topical 2%diltiazem formulations extemporaneously compounded by retail pharmacies openly offering drug-compounding services.METHODS:A participating healthcare professional wrote 12 prescriptions for compounded 2%diltiazem cream,with 2 refills allowed per prescription.The 12sets of prescriptions were filled,at intervals of 1-2 wk between refills,at 12 different independent retail pharmacies that openly offer drug-compounding services in a major metropolitan region.The 36 resultant preparations,provided as jars or tubes,were shipped,as soon as each was filled,at ambient temperature to the study core laboratory for high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)analysis,within 10 d of receipt.For the HPLC analysis,8 different samples of the topical diltiazem,each approximately 1 g in weight,were taken from prespecified locations within each container.To initiate the HPLC analysis,each sample was transferredto a 100 mL volumetric flask,to which methanol was added.The HPLC analysis was conducted in accordance with the laboratory-validated method for diltiazem in cream,ointment,and gel formulations.The main outcome measures were potency(percentage of label claim)and content uniformity of the compounded topical 2%diltiazem formulations.RESULTS:Of the 36 prescriptions filled,30 were packaged in jars and 6 were packaged as tubes.The prescriptions were specifically for cream formulations,but6 of the 12 pharmacies compounded 2%diltiazem as an ointment;for another pharmacy,which had inadequate labeling,the dosage form was unknown.The United States Pharmacopoeia(USP)standard for potency is 90%-115%of label claim.Of the 36 preparations,5(13.89%)were suprapotent and 13(36.11%)were subpotent.The suprapotent prescriptions ranged in potency from 117.2%to 128.5%of label claim,and the subpotent prescriptions ranged in potency from34.8%to 89.8%of label claim.Fourteen(38.9%)preparations lacked content uniformity according to the USP standard of 90%-110%potency and<6%relative standard deviation.Of the 30 formulations packaged in jars,12(40%)lacked content uniformity,while of the6 formulations packaged in tubes,2(33.3%)lacked content uniformity.Nine of the 12 pharmacies(75%)failed USP potency or content-uniformity specifications for at least 1 of the 3 prescription fills.For 5 of the 12pharmacies(41.7%),the mean potency across all three prescription fills was<90%of label claim.CONCLUSION:Patients prescribed topical 2%diltiazem for treatment of anal fissure frequently receive compounded formulations that are misbranded with respect to potency and that lack content uniformity.
文摘A new kind of compounded microbial flocculant (CMBF) for water and wastewater treatment has been developed through biological technology. In order to discuss its biological security, four groups of experiments, rat acute toxicity test via mouth, salmonella assay in vitro, mouse micronucleus in vivo test and teratogenesis test were conducted to evaluate its general toxicity, genotoxicity and generative toxicity. The experimental results showed that this type of compounded microbial flocculant was a substantial non-toxic substance based on the fact that LD50 value was over 10 mg/kg. The results from salmonella in vivo test and mouse micronucleus in vivo test revealed that the compounded microbial flocculant is a genetically non-toxic substance. Furthermore, compounded microbial flocculant has little effect on the growth of all the rats, and any morphologic abnormal phenomenon hasn’t appeared.
基金The authors wish to express thanks to NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(No.5147416l)Innovation-driven Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(Nos.AA18242003 and AA148242003)。
文摘A new process for manufacturing organically compounded bentonite was devcloped successfully based on the organic intercalation andlayered structure of bentonitc.The main steps in the proposed process included wet sodium activation of bentonite ore,organic com-pounding and high-pressure roll grinding.The optimum procedure is recommended as follows:5 mass%of sodium carbonate powderand 30 wt.%water are added to activate the bentonite ore for 24 h to prepare activated bentonice;0.5 wt.%of organic molecules are adiedinto the activated bentonite for organic compounding for 12 h:then,the high-pressure rollgrinding is followed to treat the organicallycompounded bentonice;:and finally,drying and fine prinding are performed for prenaring the final organically compounded bentoniteprodiuct with 10 wt.%moisture and 98% passing 0.074 mm.The obtained organically compounded bentonite was characterized usingan X-ray diffractometer,a scanning electron microscope and anX-ray photoelectron spectrometer.To confirm the effect of organicallycompounded bentonite on green balls,the pelletizing tests were carried out.The rexsults showed that high-pressure roll grinding can notonly enhance the ability of the crystal layer to hold the combined water.but also strengthen the intercalation compounding of the organicadditive,which is beneficial for the formation of a fiber-interlaced structure of the organically compounded bentonite and improvesthe quality index of the bentonite itself.Also,the organically compounded bentonite is helpiul to improve the indexes of green balls.
文摘The seakeeping performance of a certain ship equipped with semi-submerged bow ( SSB) and bow-fins is discussed. The numerical calculations are carried out on a 600t deep-V compound archetypal ship. The results show that the compounded ship form has excellent seakeeping performance and thus it establishes the theoretical foundations for the development of mono-hull compounded ship form with high se akeeping performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52233003)Project of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2022JDJQ0023).
文摘In order to achieve efficient and durable oil-water emulsion separation,the membranes possessing high separation efficiency and mechanical strength attract extensive attention and are in great demand.In present study,a kind of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)-based bilayer membrane was fabricated by electrospinning fibrous PTFE(fPTFE)on an expanded PTFE(ePTFE)substrate.The morphological observation revealed that the fibrous structure of the fPTFE layer could be tailored by controlling the formulation of spinning solution.The addition of appropriate polyoxyethylene(PEO)would make the fibers in the fPTFE layer finer and more uniform.As a result,the compounded membrane exhibited a small pore size of approximately 1.25µm and a substantial porosity nearing 80%.This led to super-hydrophobicity,characterized by a high water contact angle(WCA)of 149.8°,and facilitated rapid oil permeation.The water-in-oil emulsion separation experiment further confirmed that the compounded membrane not only had a high separation efficiency closing 100%,but such an outstanding separation capacity could be largely retained,either through multiple cycles of use or through strong acid(pH=1),strong alkali(pH=12),or high-temperature(100°C)treatment.Additionally,the mechanical behavior of the bilayer membrane was basically contributed by that of each layer in terms of their volume ratio.More significantly,the poor creep resistance of fPTFE layer was suppressed by compounding with ePTFE substrate.Hence,this study has laid the groundwork for a novel approach to create PTFE-based compounded membranes with exceptional overall characteristics,showing promise for applications in the realm of emulsion separation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2019YFC1904501).
文摘Furniture is identified as a vital volatile organic compound(VOC)emission source in the indoor environment.Leather has become the most common raw and auxiliary fabric material for upholstered furniture,particularly with extensive consumption in sofas,due to its abundant resources and efficient functions.Despite being widely traded across the world,little research has been conducted on the VOCs released by leathermaterials and their health risk assessment in the indoor environment.Accordingly,this study investigated the VOC emissions of leather with different grades and the health risk of the inhalation exposure.Based on the ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose(EN)and GC-FID/Qtof,the substantial emissions of aliphatic aldehyde ketones(Aks),particularly hexanal,appear to be the cause of off-flavor in medium and low grade(MG and LG)sofa leathers.The health risk assessment indicated that leather materials barely pose non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects to residents.Given the abundance of VOC sources and the accumulation of health risks in the indoor environment,more stringent specifications concerning qualitative and quantitative content should be extended to provide VOC treatment basic for the manufacturing industry and obtain better indoor air quality.
基金supported by Hong Kong Environment Protection Department(Quotation Ref.18-06532)Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Fund(ITS/193/20FP)Hong Kong Research Grants Council(No.26304921).
文摘Initial success has been achieved in Hong Kong in controlling primary air pollutants,but ambient ozone levels kept increasing during the past three decades.Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are important for mitigating ozone pollution as its major precursors.This study analyzed VOC characteristics of roadside,suburban,and rural sites in Hong Kong to investigate their compositions,concentrations,and source contributions.Herewe showthat the TVOC concentrations were 23.05±13.24,12.68±15.36,and 5.16±5.48 ppbv for roadside,suburban,and rural sites between May 2015 to June 2019,respectively.By using Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model,six sources were identified at the roadside site over five years:Liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)usage(33%–46%),gasoline evaporation(8%–31%),aged air mass(11%–28%),gasoline exhaust(5%–16%),diesel exhaust(2%–16%)and fuel filling(75–9%).Similarly,six sources were distinguished at the suburban site,including LPG usage(30%–33%),solvent usage(20%–26%),diesel exhaust(14%–26%),gasoline evaporation(8%–16%),aged air mass(4%–11%),and biogenic emissions(2%–5%).At the rural site,four sources were identified,including aged airmass(33%–51%),solvent usage(25%–30%),vehicular emissions(11%–28%),and biogenic emissions(6%–12%).The analysis further revealed that fuel filling and LPG usage were the primary contributors to OFP and OH reactivity at the roadside site,while solvent usage and biogenic emissions accounted for almost half of OFP and OH reactivity at the suburban and rural sites,respectively.These findings highlight the importance of identifying and characterizing VOC sources at different sites to help policymakers develop targeted measures for pollution mitigation in specific areas.
基金jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42072178 and U2244207)the funding project of Northeast Geological S&T Innovation Center of China Geological Survey(Grant No.QCJJ2022-37)Geological Survey Project of China Geological Survey(Grant Nos.DD20190114,DD20230022,and DD20240045)。
文摘Organic-rich mudstones and shales,which hold significant potential for shale oil resources,characterize the first member of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation(K_(2)qn~1)in the Sanzhao sag of the Songliao Basin,NE China.Focusing on 30 core samples obtained from the first shale oil parameter well,named SYY3 in the study area,we systematically analyzed the composition and stratigraphic distribution of the K_(2)qn~1 heteroatomic compounds using electrospray ionization Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(ESI FT-ICR MS),to assess their geological relevance to shale oil.The findings indicate that in the negative ion mode,the heteroatomic compounds predominantly consist of N_(1),N_(1)O_(1)-N_(1)O_(8),O_(1)-O_(8),O_(1)S_(1)-O_(6)S_(1);contrastingly,in the positive ion mode,they are primarily composed of N_(1)-N_(2),N_(1)O_(1)-N_(1)O_(4),N_(2)O_(1),O_(1)-O_(4),O_(1)S_(1)-O_(2)S_(1).Heteroatomic compound distributions vary significantly with depth in the negative ion mode,with minor variations in the positive ion mode.These distributions are categorized into three types based on the negative ion ratio((N_(1)+N_(1)O_(x))/O_(x)):TypeⅠ(>1.5),TypeⅡ(0.8-1.5),and TypeⅢ(<0.8);typesⅠandⅡgenerally exhibit a broader range of carbon numbers compared to TypeⅢ.The distribution of double bond equivalent(DBE)values across various sample types exhibits minimal variance,whereas that of carbon numbers shows substantial differences.Variations in heteroatomic compound compositions among the samples might have resulted from vertical sedimentary heterogeneity and differing biotic contributions.TypeⅢsamples show a decrease in total organic carbon(TOC)and free oil content(S_(1))compared to typesⅠandⅡ,but an increased oil saturation index(OSI),indicating a lower content of free oil but a higher proportion of movable oil.The reduced content of N-containing compounds implies lower paleolake productivity during deposition,leading to a reduction in TOC and S_(1).A lower TOC can enhance oil movability due to reduced oil adsorption,and the decreased presence of polar nitrogenous macromolecules with fewer highC-number heteroatomic compounds further promote shale oil movability.Additionally,the negative ion ratios of N1/N1O1and O2/O1 exhibit positive and negative correlations with the values of TOC,S_(1),and extractable organic matter(EOM),respectively,indicating that the salinity and redox conditions of the depositional water body are the primary controlling factors for both organic matter enrichment and shale oil accumulation.
基金Supported by Central Finance Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Demonstration Project(H[2023]TG31).
文摘This study evaluates the performance of polymer fire-retardant and extinguishing gels through experimental comparisons with traditional foam extinguishing agents and water.The findings indicate that polymer fire-retardant and extinguishing gels exhibit significant advantages over conventional water and foam in terms of fire suppression and prevention of re-ignition.Based on these results,the fire retardant mechanisms of the polymer gel are hypothesized.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.D2019106042,D2020304038,and D2021106002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22276099)+1 种基金the State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex(No.2021080544)the Environmental Monitoring Research Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.2211).
文摘VOCs(Volatile organic compounds)exert a vital role in ozone and secondary organic aerosol production,necessitating investigations into their concentration,chemical characteristics,and source apportionment for the effective implementation of measures aimed at preventing and controlling atmospheric pollution.FromJuly to October 2020,onlinemonitoringwas conducted in the main urban area of Shijiazhuang to collect data on VOCs and analyze their concentrations and reactivity.Additionally,the PMF(positive matrix factorization)method was utilized to identify the VOCs sources.Results indicated that the TVOCs(total VOCs)concentration was(96.7±63.4μg/m^3),with alkanes exhibiting the highest concentration of(36.1±26.4μg/m^3),followed by OVOCs(16.4±14.4μg/m^3).The key active components were alkenes and aromatics,among which xylene,propylene,toluene,propionaldehyde,acetaldehyde,ethylene,and styrene played crucial roles as reactive species.The sources derived from PMF analysis encompassed vehicle emissions,solvent and coating sources,combustion sources,industrial emissions sources,as well as plant sources,the contribution of which were 37.80%,27.93%,16.57%,15.24%,and 2.46%,respectively.Hence,reducing vehicular exhaust emissions and encouraging neighboring industries to adopt low-volatile organic solvents and coatings should be prioritized to mitigate VOCs levels.
