Objective To identify the bamboo VOCs (volatile organic compounds) effect on animal physiological indices, which associated with human health. Methods GC/MS was used to analyze the volatile organic compounds from Mos...Objective To identify the bamboo VOCs (volatile organic compounds) effect on animal physiological indices, which associated with human health. Methods GC/MS was used to analyze the volatile organic compounds from Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocyla cv. pubescens). The effect of VOCs on environmental health was evaluated by analyzing the metabolic indices of the type 2 diabetic mouse model. Results Spectra of VOC generated by GC/MS were blasted against an in-house MS library confirming the identification of 33 major components that were manually validated. The relative constituent compounds as a percentage of total VOCs determined were alcohols (34.63%), followed by ether (22.02%), aldehyde (15.84%), ketone (11.47%), ester (4.98%), terpenoid (4.38%), and acids (3.83%). Further experimentation established that the metabolic incidence of the disease can be improved if treated with vanillin, leaf alcohol,β-ionone and methyl salicylate. The effects of these VOCs on type 2 diabetes were evident in the blood lipid and blood glucose levels. Conclusion Our model suggests that VOCs can potentially control the metabolic indices in type 2 diabetes mice. This experiment data also provides the scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of ornamental bamboos and some reference for other similar study of environmental plants.展开更多
New appronches were applied to improve the molecular connectivity indices m^X^τ. The vertex valence is redefined and it was reasonable for hydrogen atom. The distances between vertices were used to propose novel conn...New appronches were applied to improve the molecular connectivity indices m^X^τ. The vertex valence is redefined and it was reasonable for hydrogen atom. The distances between vertices were used to propose novel connectivity topological indexes. The vertices and the distances in a molecular graph were taken into account in this definition. The linear regression was used to develop the structural property models. The results indicate that the novel connectivity topological indexes are useful model parameters for Quantitative Strncture-Property Relationship （ QSPR ） analysis.展开更多
Winegrape is an important perennial crop in California,USA.Each year California winegrape farming consumes about 20 million kilograms of pesticides that have been a pollutant source to the fresh water systems of the s...Winegrape is an important perennial crop in California,USA.Each year California winegrape farming consumes about 20 million kilograms of pesticides that have been a pollutant source to the fresh water systems of the state.The variation of pesticide use among winegrape growers has been significant.It has been observed that some growers have developed effective ways to reduce pesticide use,yet control pests efficiently to ensure harvest.Iden-tification of the growers with low and high pesticide use is very helpful to extension programs that aim on reducing pesticide environmental risk.In this study,an index approach is proposed to quantitatively measure pesticide use intensity at grower level.An integrated pesticide use index is developed by taking pesticide quantity and toxicity into account.An additive formula and a multiplying formula were used to calculate the pesticide use index,i.e.,PUI and PUIM.It was found that both PUI and PUIM were capable of identifying the low and high pesticide users while PUI was slightly more conservative than PUIM.All pesticides used in California winegrape farming were taken into account for calculating the indices.Madera County,one of the largest winegrape producers in California,was taken as an example to test the proposed approach.In year 2000,among the total 208 winegrape growers,28 with PUI≤10 and 34 with 10<PUI≤20 were identified as low pesticide users who were characterized with both low quantity and low toxicity of pesticide use.Most of the growers had small-sized vineyards,i.e.,one field and small planted areas.Furthermore,they had very low pesticide use intensity,used only 1-2 types of pesticides(mainly fungicides) ,applied few pesticides(1-3 only) ,and emphasized the use of low toxicity compounds.Meanwhile,19 growers with PUI>60,identified as high pesticide users,had large-sized vineyards,i.e.,more fields and large planted areas.They used all types of pesticides and many compounds,which indicated that their pest controls heavily depended on pesticides rather than on-farm management.Through the case study,the proposed approach proved to be useful for analyzing the growers'pesticide use intensities and interpreting their pesticide use behaviors,which led to a new start point for further investigation of searching ways to reduce pesticide environmental risk.展开更多
【目的】解决现有地形复杂度误差评价方法主观性强、缺少误差解析式的问题。【方法】利用误差传播定律推导了局部高差、局部标准差、局部褶皱度和局部全曲率的中误差表达式,依据复合地形因子误差传递规律构建了复合地形复杂度指标(compo...【目的】解决现有地形复杂度误差评价方法主观性强、缺少误差解析式的问题。【方法】利用误差传播定律推导了局部高差、局部标准差、局部褶皱度和局部全曲率的中误差表达式,依据复合地形因子误差传递规律构建了复合地形复杂度指标(compound terrain complexity index,CTCI)提取的误差估计模型(error estimation model for CTCI,CEEM)。通过模拟数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)试验验证了该模型的有效性,并采用三个不同地貌区域的实体DEM进行CEEM泛化试验。【结果】在不同噪声影响下,CEEM平均误差、均方差、残差和平均绝对百分比误差最大值分别为-2.1×10^(-3)、7.99×10^(-6)、8.4×10^(-3)和22.8%,决定系数均在0.961以上,CEEM整体误差微小;不同地貌类型的地形复杂度提取误差存在差异,试验统计结果表明误差由大到小依次为高山、中山、丘陵。【结论】CEEM能定量化描述地形复杂度的提取误差,可为不同复杂地形地貌区域提取复合地形复杂度指标提供参考。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41271337)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LY14E030016)
文摘Objective To identify the bamboo VOCs (volatile organic compounds) effect on animal physiological indices, which associated with human health. Methods GC/MS was used to analyze the volatile organic compounds from Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocyla cv. pubescens). The effect of VOCs on environmental health was evaluated by analyzing the metabolic indices of the type 2 diabetic mouse model. Results Spectra of VOC generated by GC/MS were blasted against an in-house MS library confirming the identification of 33 major components that were manually validated. The relative constituent compounds as a percentage of total VOCs determined were alcohols (34.63%), followed by ether (22.02%), aldehyde (15.84%), ketone (11.47%), ester (4.98%), terpenoid (4.38%), and acids (3.83%). Further experimentation established that the metabolic incidence of the disease can be improved if treated with vanillin, leaf alcohol,β-ionone and methyl salicylate. The effects of these VOCs on type 2 diabetes were evident in the blood lipid and blood glucose levels. Conclusion Our model suggests that VOCs can potentially control the metabolic indices in type 2 diabetes mice. This experiment data also provides the scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of ornamental bamboos and some reference for other similar study of environmental plants.
基金Funded bythe Natural Science andthe Education Office Founda-tion of Hubei Province(No.2005ABA016 and 2004Q002)
文摘New appronches were applied to improve the molecular connectivity indices m^X^τ. The vertex valence is redefined and it was reasonable for hydrogen atom. The distances between vertices were used to propose novel connectivity topological indexes. The vertices and the distances in a molecular graph were taken into account in this definition. The linear regression was used to develop the structural property models. The results indicate that the novel connectivity topological indexes are useful model parameters for Quantitative Strncture-Property Relationship （ QSPR ） analysis.
基金Project(No.200903054)supported by the Chinese National Commonweal Research Project on Agriculture:Comprehensive Techniques for Pesticide Risk Assessment in China
文摘Winegrape is an important perennial crop in California,USA.Each year California winegrape farming consumes about 20 million kilograms of pesticides that have been a pollutant source to the fresh water systems of the state.The variation of pesticide use among winegrape growers has been significant.It has been observed that some growers have developed effective ways to reduce pesticide use,yet control pests efficiently to ensure harvest.Iden-tification of the growers with low and high pesticide use is very helpful to extension programs that aim on reducing pesticide environmental risk.In this study,an index approach is proposed to quantitatively measure pesticide use intensity at grower level.An integrated pesticide use index is developed by taking pesticide quantity and toxicity into account.An additive formula and a multiplying formula were used to calculate the pesticide use index,i.e.,PUI and PUIM.It was found that both PUI and PUIM were capable of identifying the low and high pesticide users while PUI was slightly more conservative than PUIM.All pesticides used in California winegrape farming were taken into account for calculating the indices.Madera County,one of the largest winegrape producers in California,was taken as an example to test the proposed approach.In year 2000,among the total 208 winegrape growers,28 with PUI≤10 and 34 with 10<PUI≤20 were identified as low pesticide users who were characterized with both low quantity and low toxicity of pesticide use.Most of the growers had small-sized vineyards,i.e.,one field and small planted areas.Furthermore,they had very low pesticide use intensity,used only 1-2 types of pesticides(mainly fungicides) ,applied few pesticides(1-3 only) ,and emphasized the use of low toxicity compounds.Meanwhile,19 growers with PUI>60,identified as high pesticide users,had large-sized vineyards,i.e.,more fields and large planted areas.They used all types of pesticides and many compounds,which indicated that their pest controls heavily depended on pesticides rather than on-farm management.Through the case study,the proposed approach proved to be useful for analyzing the growers'pesticide use intensities and interpreting their pesticide use behaviors,which led to a new start point for further investigation of searching ways to reduce pesticide environmental risk.
文摘【目的】解决现有地形复杂度误差评价方法主观性强、缺少误差解析式的问题。【方法】利用误差传播定律推导了局部高差、局部标准差、局部褶皱度和局部全曲率的中误差表达式,依据复合地形因子误差传递规律构建了复合地形复杂度指标(compound terrain complexity index,CTCI)提取的误差估计模型(error estimation model for CTCI,CEEM)。通过模拟数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)试验验证了该模型的有效性,并采用三个不同地貌区域的实体DEM进行CEEM泛化试验。【结果】在不同噪声影响下,CEEM平均误差、均方差、残差和平均绝对百分比误差最大值分别为-2.1×10^(-3)、7.99×10^(-6)、8.4×10^(-3)和22.8%,决定系数均在0.961以上,CEEM整体误差微小;不同地貌类型的地形复杂度提取误差存在差异,试验统计结果表明误差由大到小依次为高山、中山、丘陵。【结论】CEEM能定量化描述地形复杂度的提取误差,可为不同复杂地形地貌区域提取复合地形复杂度指标提供参考。
