To evaluate the potential benefits of biomass use for air pollution control, this paper identified and quantified the emissions of major reactive organic compounds anticipated from biomass-fired industrial boilers. Wo...To evaluate the potential benefits of biomass use for air pollution control, this paper identified and quantified the emissions of major reactive organic compounds anticipated from biomass-fired industrial boilers. Wood pellets(WP) and straw pellets(SP) were burned to determine the volatile organic compound emission profiles for each biomass-boiler combination. More than 100 types of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were measured from the two biomass boilers. The measured VOC species included alkanes, alkenes and acetylenes, aromatics, halocarbons and carbonyls. A single coal-fired boiler(CB) was also studied to provide a basis for comparison. Biomass boiler 1(BB1) emitted relatively high proportions of alkanes(28.9%–38.1% by mass) and alkenes and acetylenes(23.4%–40.8%),while biomass boiler 2(BB2) emitted relatively high proportions of aromatics(27.9%–29.2%)and oxygenated VOCs(33.0%–44.8%). The total VOC(TVOC) emission factors from BB1(128.59–146.16 mg/kg) were higher than those from BB2(41.26–85.29 mg/kg). The total ozone formation potential(OFP) ranged from 6.26 to 81.75 mg/m^3 with an average of 33.66 mg/m^3 for the two biomass boilers. The total secondary organic aerosol potential(SOAP) ranged from 61.56 to 211.67 mg/m^3 with an average of 142.27 mg/m^3 for the two biomass boilers.The emission factors(EFs) of TVOCs from biomass boilers in this study were similar to those for industrial coal-fired boilers with the same thermal power. These data can supplement existing VOC emission factors for biomass combustion and thus enrich the VOC emission inventory.展开更多
Understanding the functional effects of genetic variants is crucial in modern genomics and genetics. Transcription factor binding sites （TFBSs） are one of the most important cis-regulatory elements. While multiple t...Understanding the functional effects of genetic variants is crucial in modern genomics and genetics. Transcription factor binding sites （TFBSs） are one of the most important cis-regulatory elements. While multiple tools have been developed to assess functional effects of genetic variants at TFBSs, they usually assume that each variant works in isolation and neglect the potential ＂interference＂ among multiple variants within the same TFBS. In this study, we presented COPE-TFBS （Context-Oriented Predictor for variant Effect on Transcription Factor Binding Site）, a novel method that considers sequence context to accurately predict variant effects on TFBSs. We systematically re-analyzed the sequencing data from both the 1000 Genomes Project and the Genotype-Tissue Expression （GTEx） Project via COPE-TFBS, and identified numbers of novel TFBSs, transformed TFBSs and discordantly annotated TFBSs resulting from multiple variants, further highlighting the necessity of sequence context in accurately annotating genetic variants.展开更多
In this study, rabbit models of optic nerve injury were reproduced by the clamp method. After modeling, rabbit models were given one injection of 50 ng recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor into the vitreous b...In this study, rabbit models of optic nerve injury were reproduced by the clamp method. After modeling, rabbit models were given one injection of 50 ng recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor into the vitreous body and/or intragastric injection of 4 g/kg compound light granules containing Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Raidix Paeoniae Alba at 4 days after modeling, once per day for 30 consecutive days. After administration, the animals were sacrificed and the intraorbital optic nerve was harvested. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that the injured optic nerve was thinner and optic nerve fibers were irregular. After treatment with recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor, the arrangement of optic nerve fibers was disordered but they were not markedly thinner. After treatment with compound light granules, the arrangement of optic nerve fibers was slightly disordered and their structure was intact. After combined treatment with recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor and compound light granules, the arrangement of optic nerve fibers was slightly disordered and the degree of injury was less than after either treatment alone. Results of tensile mechanical testing of the optic nerve showed that the tensile elastic limit strain, elastic limit stress, maximum stress and maximum strain of the injured optic nerve were significantly lower than the normal optic nerve. After treatment with recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor and/or compound light granules, the tensile elastic limit strain, elastic limit stress, maximum stress and maximum strain of the injured optic nerve were significantly increased, especially after the combined treatment. These experimental findings indicate that compound light granules and ciliary neurotrophic factor can alleviate optic nerve injury at the histological and biochemical levels, and the combined treatment is more effective than either treatment alone.展开更多
In this article, we consider a class of compound vector-valued problem on upper-half plane C＋, which consists of vector Riemann problem along a closed contour in C＋ with matrix coefficient in H61der class and vector...In this article, we consider a class of compound vector-valued problem on upper-half plane C＋, which consists of vector Riemann problem along a closed contour in C＋ with matrix coefficient in H61der class and vector Hilbert problem on the real axis with essential bounded measurable matrix coefficient. Under appropriate assumption we obtain its solution by use of Corona theorem and factorization of matrix functions in decomposed Banach algebras.展开更多
Based on the characteristics of atom types, Hall＇s electrotopological state indices （En） are calculated for 165 nonionic organic compounds. On the basis of the characteristics of substituent and conjugated matrix, ...Based on the characteristics of atom types, Hall＇s electrotopological state indices （En） are calculated for 165 nonionic organic compounds. On the basis of the characteristics of substituent and conjugated matrix, a novel molecular structure parameter （G） is defined and calculated for 165 molecules in this paper. En and G show good structural selectivity for organic molecules. G, a satisfactory relationship between bioconcentration factor （BCF） and En, is expressed as： 1gBCF = -0.283 ＋ 1.246G ＋ 0.079E42 ＋ 0.351E9- 0.063E17 （n＇ = 122, R = 0.967, F = 425.636, s = 0.394）, which could provide estimation and prediction for the lgBCF of nonionic organic chemicals. Furthermore, the model is examined to validate overall robustness with Jackknife tests, and the independent variables in model do not exist cross correlation with VIF. All these regression results show that the new parameter G and electrotopological state index have good rationality and efficiency. It is concluded that the En and G will be used widely in quantitative structure-property/activity relationship （QSPR/QSAR） research.展开更多
The nano intercalation compounding of wood and MMT has important implications for the modification of wood and for the development of new materials. With water-soluble phenol formaldehyde resin as an intermediary, the...The nano intercalation compounding of wood and MMT has important implications for the modification of wood and for the development of new materials. With water-soluble phenol formaldehyde resin as an intermediary, the nanocomposites of Chinese fir （Cunningharnia lanceolata） wood and montmorillonite （MMT） were prepared via three impregnation methods, i.e. normal pressure, once and twice vacuum methods. Based on the weight percent gain （WPG） of impregnated wood, the effects of compounding wood and MMT in terms of concentration, impregnating temperature and time, wood moisture content and wood extraction treatments, on sapwood and heartwood are discussed. Results show that： 1） the optimum MMT concentration in the impregnation solution is 3% for sapwood and 5% for heartwood; 2） room temperature is suitable in practice; 3） treatment pressure should be set at a high enough value in order to ensure sufficient permeation; 4） the effects of different impregnation methods on sapwood and heartwood are different, the heartwood extractives affect WPG significantly; cell wall permeability of sapwood is better than that of heartwood; 5） the cold water, hot water and benzene-ethanol solution extractions can all greatly improve the permeability of heartwood, hot water can dissolve some hemicellulose of low aggregation and hot water extraction improves wood cell wall permeability; 6） with an increase in wood moisture content, the permeable space in wood is reduced, but with a certain amount of water, instantaneous spaces are created and the permeation dynamic increases. This effect is especially apparent for difficult impregnating situations in heartwood and impregnation under normal pressure.展开更多
Tianjin is the third largest megacity and the fastest growth area in China,and consequently faces the problems of surface ozone and haze episodes.This study measures and characterizes volatile organic compounds （VOCs...Tianjin is the third largest megacity and the fastest growth area in China,and consequently faces the problems of surface ozone and haze episodes.This study measures and characterizes volatile organic compounds （VOCs）,which are ozone precursors,to identify their possible sources and evaluate their contribution to ozone formation in urban and suburban Tianjin,China during the HaChi （Haze in China） summer campaign in 2009.A total of 107 species of ambient VOCs were detected,and the average concentrations of VOCs at urban and suburban sites were 92 and 174 ppbv,respectively.Of those,51 species of VOCs were extracted to analyze the possible VOC sources using positive matrix factorization.The identified sources of VOCs were significantly related to vehicular activities,which specifically contributed 60％ to urban and 42％ to suburban VOCs loadings in Tianjin.Industrial emission was the second most prominent source of ambient VOCs in both urban and suburban areas,although the contribution of industry in the suburban area （36％） was much higher than that at the urban area （16％）.We conclude that controlling vehicle emissions should be a top priority for VOC reduction,and that fast industrialization and urbanization causes air pollution to be more complex due to the combined emission of VOCs from industry and daily life,especially in suburban areas.展开更多
Objective To study the oncogenic potential of mouse translation initiation factor 3 （TIF3） and elongation factor-1δ （TEF-1δ） in malignant transformed human bronchial epithelial cells induced by crystalline nicke...Objective To study the oncogenic potential of mouse translation initiation factor 3 （TIF3） and elongation factor-1δ （TEF-1δ） in malignant transformed human bronchial epithelial cells induced by crystalline nickel sulfide （NiS）. Methods Abnormal expressions of human TIF3 and TEF-1δ genes in two kinds of NiS-transformed cells and NiS-tumorigenic cell lines were investigated and analyzed by the reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （FQ-PCR）, respectively. Results RT-PCR analysis primarily showed that both human TIF3 and TEF-1δ mRNA expressions in two kinds of NiS-transformed cells and NiS-tumorigenic cell lines were increased as compared with controls. FQ-PCR assay showed that the levels of TIF3 expressions in the transformed cells and tumorigenic cells were 3 and 4 times higher respectively, and the elevated expressions of TEF-16 eDNA copies were 2.7- to 3.5-fold in transformed cells and 4.1- to 5.2-fold in tumorigenic cells when compared with non-transformed cells, indicating that the over-expressions of human TIF3 and TEF-1δ genes were related to malignant degree of the cells induced by nickel. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that there are markedly abnormal expressions of TIF3 and TEF-1δ genes during malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cell lines induced by crystalline NiS. They seem to be the molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for human carcinogensis due to nickel.展开更多
Intermediate volatility organic compounds(IVOCs)are crucial precursors of secondary organic aerosol(SOA).In this study,gaseous IVOCs emitted from a ship main engine burning heavy fuel oil(HFO)were investigated on a te...Intermediate volatility organic compounds(IVOCs)are crucial precursors of secondary organic aerosol(SOA).In this study,gaseous IVOCs emitted from a ship main engine burning heavy fuel oil(HFO)were investigated on a test bench,which could simulate the real-world operations and emissions of ocean-going ships.The chemical compositions,emission factors(EFs)and volatility distributions of IVOC emissions were investigated.The results showed that the main engine burning HFO emitted a large amount of IVOCs,with average IVOC EFs of 20.2-201 mg/kg-fuel.The IVOCs were mainly comprised of unspeciated compounds.The chemical compositions of exhaust IVOCs were different from that of HFO fuel,especially for polycyclic aromatic compounds and alkylcyclohexanes.The volatility distributions of IVOCs were also different between HFO exhausts and HFO fuel.The distinctions in IVOC emission characteristics between HFO exhausts and HFO fuel should be considered when assessing the IVOC emission and related SOA formation potentials from ocean-going ships burning HFO,especially when using fuel-surrogate models.展开更多
Objective To explore effects of acupuncture on senJm tumor necrosis factor （TNF） and ,γ-inter- feron （INF-γ） contents in the operative patient of lung cancer. Methods In the first stage, electroacupuncture （EA...Objective To explore effects of acupuncture on senJm tumor necrosis factor （TNF） and ,γ-inter- feron （INF-γ） contents in the operative patient of lung cancer. Methods In the first stage, electroacupuncture （EA） stimulation was given to 25 cases of lung cancer before operation, once daily for 3 consecutive days, with continuous EA stimulation during operation; EA was given once each day from the 5^th-7^th days after operation. In the second stage, EA was added from the 8^th- 10^th days after operation in 30 cases, once daily. Serum TNF and INF-γ contents were compared before and after operation. Results Serum TNF content on the 8th day after operation in the first stage study was lower （P〈0.05） and on the 12th day after operation in the second stage study was higher （P〈0.05） in the compound anesthesia group than that in the general anesthesia group; serum INF-γ contents in the compound anesthesia group on the 8^th day after operation in the first stage and on the 12^th day after operation in the second stage were significantly higher than those in the general anesthesia group （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. Conclusion Acupuncture can regulate serum TNF and INF-γ contents in the patient of operation of lung cancer, with dual-directional regulation on immunologic function.展开更多
[ Objective ] The research aimed to study the effects of Chinese herbal compound on the blcod physiological indices and cytokines of myelosuppressive mice. [ Metho] Myelasuppressive mice model was established by intra...[ Objective ] The research aimed to study the effects of Chinese herbal compound on the blcod physiological indices and cytokines of myelosuppressive mice. [ Metho] Myelasuppressive mice model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 80 mg/kg cyclophosphamide. Chinese herbal compound was composed of Houttuynia cordata, Taraxacum mongolicum, Citrus reticulata peel, Atractylodes chinensis, Paeonia sterniana, Atractylodes macrocephala and Angelica sinensis. The effects of Chinese herbal compound and Astragalus polysaccharide at different doses on the blood physiological indices and hematopoietic growth factors of myelosuppressive mice were discussed. [ Result] Myelosuppressive mice medel was successfully established. The total white blood cell count, total nentrephile granulocyte count, total lymphocyte count, total platelet count and the contents of serum interleukin-6 and erythropoietin in myelosuppressive mice were significantly decreased. The total erythrocyte count, the contents of hemoglobin and imerleukin-3 were decreased, without significant difference. The blood physiological indices and the contents of interleukin-3 and erythropoietin in myelosuppressive mice could be improved by intragastric administration of Astragalus polysaccharide and Chinese herbal compound at different doses for 3 days or 7 days. The effect of 20 g/kg Chinese herbal compound was the best after administration for 3 days, and the effect of 10 g/kg Chinese herbal compound was the best after administration for 7 days. The total white blcod cell count, total neutrophile granulocyte count, percentage of neutrephile granulocyte, total lymphocyte count, total count of middle cells, percentage of middle cells, total platelet count, contents of interleukin-3 and erythropoietin in myelosuppressive mice could be extremely significantly improved by intragastric administration of 10 g/kg Chinese herbal compound for 7 days（ P 〈 0. 01 ） , and the reduction of red blood cell count, hematecfit, the contents of hemoglobin and interleukin-6 induced by cyclophesphamide could be inhibited （P 〈 0.01 ）. [ Conclusion ] Chinese herbal compound could improve the hematopoietic function of myclosuppressivc mice induced by cyclophosphamide and its effect was better than Astragalus polysaccharide. 20 g/kg Chinese herbal compound reacted fast and the reaction of 10 g/kg Chinese herbal compound was slow ,but its efficacy was lasting.展开更多
背景:巨噬细胞胞葬作用障碍引起的局部和系统炎症损害与多种肥胖相关代谢性疾病有关,且以胞葬作用为靶向的化合物表现出良好的治疗效果。目的:通过综述肥胖对巨噬细胞胞葬作用各个阶段的影响结果分析肥胖抑制胞葬作用的关键机制,总结以...背景:巨噬细胞胞葬作用障碍引起的局部和系统炎症损害与多种肥胖相关代谢性疾病有关,且以胞葬作用为靶向的化合物表现出良好的治疗效果。目的:通过综述肥胖对巨噬细胞胞葬作用各个阶段的影响结果分析肥胖抑制胞葬作用的关键机制,总结以胞葬作用为靶向的化合物治疗代谢性疾病的研究现状,以进一步阐明胞葬作用及其与肥胖相关代谢性疾病的关系,为疾病防治策略提供新思路。方法:以“efferocytosis,metabolism,obesity,obese,atherosclerosis,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,neurodegeneration,tumor,osteoarthritis,diabetes,compound,medicine,treatment”为英文检索词在PubMed和Web of Science数据库检索英文文献,以“胞葬作用”为中文检索词,在中国知网、万方和维普数据库检索中文文献。经严格筛选最终纳入99篇文献进入综述分析。结果与结论:①参与巨噬细胞胞葬作用“寻我”“食我”过程的因子中含有大量凋亡细胞源性因子,因此“寻我”“食我”过程主要受凋亡细胞调控;参与骨架重组和消化过程的胞葬因子主要来源于巨噬细胞,对巨噬细胞胞葬作用活性具有决定性作用。此结果提示,“寻我”“食我”过程的因子表达水平主要反映细胞凋亡情况,在评价巨噬细胞胞葬作用活性时,选择骨架重组和消化阶段的胞葬因子的表达更具科学性。②肥胖抑制巨噬细胞胞葬作用,但肥胖对多数“寻我”“食我”因子及骨架重组因子具有应激性激活作用,对多数消化因子具有抑制作用。此结果进一步说明,消化阶段对胞葬作用活性的决定性意义,并提示部分研究以“寻我”“食我”胞葬因子表达增加作为胞葬作用增强的依据不可靠;且提示未来在探讨以巨噬细胞胞葬作用为靶向的干预策略时,靶向消化阶段胞葬因子可能更有效。③巨噬细胞胞葬作用激活物对多种代谢性疾病治疗有效,但肿瘤组织巨噬细胞胞葬作用抑制物表现出良好的抗癌效果,说明应根据组织炎症特点合理评价胞葬作用的意义。④胞葬作用是2003年提出的一个较新概念,研究历程较短,胞葬因子复杂,目前关于肥胖对胞葬作用影响的研究仅涉及冰山一角并且大部分处于粗浅水平,对其更深入的机制探讨仍需大量科学实验的进一步验证。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41275135)the Chinese National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2017YFC0212503)
文摘To evaluate the potential benefits of biomass use for air pollution control, this paper identified and quantified the emissions of major reactive organic compounds anticipated from biomass-fired industrial boilers. Wood pellets(WP) and straw pellets(SP) were burned to determine the volatile organic compound emission profiles for each biomass-boiler combination. More than 100 types of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were measured from the two biomass boilers. The measured VOC species included alkanes, alkenes and acetylenes, aromatics, halocarbons and carbonyls. A single coal-fired boiler(CB) was also studied to provide a basis for comparison. Biomass boiler 1(BB1) emitted relatively high proportions of alkanes(28.9%–38.1% by mass) and alkenes and acetylenes(23.4%–40.8%),while biomass boiler 2(BB2) emitted relatively high proportions of aromatics(27.9%–29.2%)and oxygenated VOCs(33.0%–44.8%). The total VOC(TVOC) emission factors from BB1(128.59–146.16 mg/kg) were higher than those from BB2(41.26–85.29 mg/kg). The total ozone formation potential(OFP) ranged from 6.26 to 81.75 mg/m^3 with an average of 33.66 mg/m^3 for the two biomass boilers. The total secondary organic aerosol potential(SOAP) ranged from 61.56 to 211.67 mg/m^3 with an average of 142.27 mg/m^3 for the two biomass boilers.The emission factors(EFs) of TVOCs from biomass boilers in this study were similar to those for industrial coal-fired boilers with the same thermal power. These data can supplement existing VOC emission factors for biomass combustion and thus enrich the VOC emission inventory.
基金supported by funds from the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC0901603)the China 863 Program (2015AA020108)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Researchsupported in part by the National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals
文摘Understanding the functional effects of genetic variants is crucial in modern genomics and genetics. Transcription factor binding sites （TFBSs） are one of the most important cis-regulatory elements. While multiple tools have been developed to assess functional effects of genetic variants at TFBSs, they usually assume that each variant works in isolation and neglect the potential ＂interference＂ among multiple variants within the same TFBS. In this study, we presented COPE-TFBS （Context-Oriented Predictor for variant Effect on Transcription Factor Binding Site）, a novel method that considers sequence context to accurately predict variant effects on TFBSs. We systematically re-analyzed the sequencing data from both the 1000 Genomes Project and the Genotype-Tissue Expression （GTEx） Project via COPE-TFBS, and identified numbers of novel TFBSs, transformed TFBSs and discordantly annotated TFBSs resulting from multiple variants, further highlighting the necessity of sequence context in accurately annotating genetic variants.
文摘In this study, rabbit models of optic nerve injury were reproduced by the clamp method. After modeling, rabbit models were given one injection of 50 ng recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor into the vitreous body and/or intragastric injection of 4 g/kg compound light granules containing Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Raidix Paeoniae Alba at 4 days after modeling, once per day for 30 consecutive days. After administration, the animals were sacrificed and the intraorbital optic nerve was harvested. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that the injured optic nerve was thinner and optic nerve fibers were irregular. After treatment with recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor, the arrangement of optic nerve fibers was disordered but they were not markedly thinner. After treatment with compound light granules, the arrangement of optic nerve fibers was slightly disordered and their structure was intact. After combined treatment with recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor and compound light granules, the arrangement of optic nerve fibers was slightly disordered and the degree of injury was less than after either treatment alone. Results of tensile mechanical testing of the optic nerve showed that the tensile elastic limit strain, elastic limit stress, maximum stress and maximum strain of the injured optic nerve were significantly lower than the normal optic nerve. After treatment with recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor and/or compound light granules, the tensile elastic limit strain, elastic limit stress, maximum stress and maximum strain of the injured optic nerve were significantly increased, especially after the combined treatment. These experimental findings indicate that compound light granules and ciliary neurotrophic factor can alleviate optic nerve injury at the histological and biochemical levels, and the combined treatment is more effective than either treatment alone.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10471107)RFDP of Higher Education(20060486001)
文摘In this article, we consider a class of compound vector-valued problem on upper-half plane C＋, which consists of vector Riemann problem along a closed contour in C＋ with matrix coefficient in H61der class and vector Hilbert problem on the real axis with essential bounded measurable matrix coefficient. Under appropriate assumption we obtain its solution by use of Corona theorem and factorization of matrix functions in decomposed Banach algebras.
基金the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Reuse of China Project Proposal (PCRRF07009)the University Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (05KJD150221)Natural Science Incubation Foundation of Xuzhou Normal University (05PLY04)
文摘Based on the characteristics of atom types, Hall＇s electrotopological state indices （En） are calculated for 165 nonionic organic compounds. On the basis of the characteristics of substituent and conjugated matrix, a novel molecular structure parameter （G） is defined and calculated for 165 molecules in this paper. En and G show good structural selectivity for organic molecules. G, a satisfactory relationship between bioconcentration factor （BCF） and En, is expressed as： 1gBCF = -0.283 ＋ 1.246G ＋ 0.079E42 ＋ 0.351E9- 0.063E17 （n＇ = 122, R = 0.967, F = 425.636, s = 0.394）, which could provide estimation and prediction for the lgBCF of nonionic organic chemicals. Furthermore, the model is examined to validate overall robustness with Jackknife tests, and the independent variables in model do not exist cross correlation with VIF. All these regression results show that the new parameter G and electrotopological state index have good rationality and efficiency. It is concluded that the En and G will be used widely in quantitative structure-property/activity relationship （QSPR/QSAR） research.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 30271055）.
文摘The nano intercalation compounding of wood and MMT has important implications for the modification of wood and for the development of new materials. With water-soluble phenol formaldehyde resin as an intermediary, the nanocomposites of Chinese fir （Cunningharnia lanceolata） wood and montmorillonite （MMT） were prepared via three impregnation methods, i.e. normal pressure, once and twice vacuum methods. Based on the weight percent gain （WPG） of impregnated wood, the effects of compounding wood and MMT in terms of concentration, impregnating temperature and time, wood moisture content and wood extraction treatments, on sapwood and heartwood are discussed. Results show that： 1） the optimum MMT concentration in the impregnation solution is 3% for sapwood and 5% for heartwood; 2） room temperature is suitable in practice; 3） treatment pressure should be set at a high enough value in order to ensure sufficient permeation; 4） the effects of different impregnation methods on sapwood and heartwood are different, the heartwood extractives affect WPG significantly; cell wall permeability of sapwood is better than that of heartwood; 5） the cold water, hot water and benzene-ethanol solution extractions can all greatly improve the permeability of heartwood, hot water can dissolve some hemicellulose of low aggregation and hot water extraction improves wood cell wall permeability; 6） with an increase in wood moisture content, the permeable space in wood is reduced, but with a certain amount of water, instantaneous spaces are created and the permeation dynamic increases. This effect is especially apparent for difficult impregnating situations in heartwood and impregnation under normal pressure.
基金supported by the Tianjin Fundamental Research Program of the Tianjin Committee of Science and Technology (Grant No. 10JCYBJC050800)the National Special Science and Technology Program for Non-Profit Industry of the Ministry of Environmental Protection (Grant No. 200909022)+2 种基金the 973 Program (Grant No. 2011CB403402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No. 40875001)the Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (Grant No. 2008Z011)
文摘Tianjin is the third largest megacity and the fastest growth area in China,and consequently faces the problems of surface ozone and haze episodes.This study measures and characterizes volatile organic compounds （VOCs）,which are ozone precursors,to identify their possible sources and evaluate their contribution to ozone formation in urban and suburban Tianjin,China during the HaChi （Haze in China） summer campaign in 2009.A total of 107 species of ambient VOCs were detected,and the average concentrations of VOCs at urban and suburban sites were 92 and 174 ppbv,respectively.Of those,51 species of VOCs were extracted to analyze the possible VOC sources using positive matrix factorization.The identified sources of VOCs were significantly related to vehicular activities,which specifically contributed 60％ to urban and 42％ to suburban VOCs loadings in Tianjin.Industrial emission was the second most prominent source of ambient VOCs in both urban and suburban areas,although the contribution of industry in the suburban area （36％） was much higher than that at the urban area （16％）.We conclude that controlling vehicle emissions should be a top priority for VOC reduction,and that fast industrialization and urbanization causes air pollution to be more complex due to the combined emission of VOCs from industry and daily life,especially in suburban areas.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30371195), Natural Science Foundation ofGuangdong Province (No. 031756), Guangzhou Science and Technology Foundation (No. 2003Z2-E0191/E0192), and Department ofGuangzhou Education (No. 1002).
文摘Objective To study the oncogenic potential of mouse translation initiation factor 3 （TIF3） and elongation factor-1δ （TEF-1δ） in malignant transformed human bronchial epithelial cells induced by crystalline nickel sulfide （NiS）. Methods Abnormal expressions of human TIF3 and TEF-1δ genes in two kinds of NiS-transformed cells and NiS-tumorigenic cell lines were investigated and analyzed by the reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （FQ-PCR）, respectively. Results RT-PCR analysis primarily showed that both human TIF3 and TEF-1δ mRNA expressions in two kinds of NiS-transformed cells and NiS-tumorigenic cell lines were increased as compared with controls. FQ-PCR assay showed that the levels of TIF3 expressions in the transformed cells and tumorigenic cells were 3 and 4 times higher respectively, and the elevated expressions of TEF-16 eDNA copies were 2.7- to 3.5-fold in transformed cells and 4.1- to 5.2-fold in tumorigenic cells when compared with non-transformed cells, indicating that the over-expressions of human TIF3 and TEF-1δ genes were related to malignant degree of the cells induced by nickel. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that there are markedly abnormal expressions of TIF3 and TEF-1δ genes during malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cell lines induced by crystalline NiS. They seem to be the molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for human carcinogensis due to nickel.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41403084 and 4171101108)the Project from Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (No. 16ZR1414800
文摘Intermediate volatility organic compounds(IVOCs)are crucial precursors of secondary organic aerosol(SOA).In this study,gaseous IVOCs emitted from a ship main engine burning heavy fuel oil(HFO)were investigated on a test bench,which could simulate the real-world operations and emissions of ocean-going ships.The chemical compositions,emission factors(EFs)and volatility distributions of IVOC emissions were investigated.The results showed that the main engine burning HFO emitted a large amount of IVOCs,with average IVOC EFs of 20.2-201 mg/kg-fuel.The IVOCs were mainly comprised of unspeciated compounds.The chemical compositions of exhaust IVOCs were different from that of HFO fuel,especially for polycyclic aromatic compounds and alkylcyclohexanes.The volatility distributions of IVOCs were also different between HFO exhausts and HFO fuel.The distinctions in IVOC emission characteristics between HFO exhausts and HFO fuel should be considered when assessing the IVOC emission and related SOA formation potentials from ocean-going ships burning HFO,especially when using fuel-surrogate models.
文摘Objective To explore effects of acupuncture on senJm tumor necrosis factor （TNF） and ,γ-inter- feron （INF-γ） contents in the operative patient of lung cancer. Methods In the first stage, electroacupuncture （EA） stimulation was given to 25 cases of lung cancer before operation, once daily for 3 consecutive days, with continuous EA stimulation during operation; EA was given once each day from the 5^th-7^th days after operation. In the second stage, EA was added from the 8^th- 10^th days after operation in 30 cases, once daily. Serum TNF and INF-γ contents were compared before and after operation. Results Serum TNF content on the 8th day after operation in the first stage study was lower （P〈0.05） and on the 12th day after operation in the second stage study was higher （P〈0.05） in the compound anesthesia group than that in the general anesthesia group; serum INF-γ contents in the compound anesthesia group on the 8^th day after operation in the first stage and on the 12^th day after operation in the second stage were significantly higher than those in the general anesthesia group （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. Conclusion Acupuncture can regulate serum TNF and INF-γ contents in the patient of operation of lung cancer, with dual-directional regulation on immunologic function.
基金Supported by Innovative Research Team Program for Changjiang Scholars andInnovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China(IRTO0848)
文摘[ Objective ] The research aimed to study the effects of Chinese herbal compound on the blcod physiological indices and cytokines of myelosuppressive mice. [ Metho] Myelasuppressive mice model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 80 mg/kg cyclophosphamide. Chinese herbal compound was composed of Houttuynia cordata, Taraxacum mongolicum, Citrus reticulata peel, Atractylodes chinensis, Paeonia sterniana, Atractylodes macrocephala and Angelica sinensis. The effects of Chinese herbal compound and Astragalus polysaccharide at different doses on the blood physiological indices and hematopoietic growth factors of myelosuppressive mice were discussed. [ Result] Myelosuppressive mice medel was successfully established. The total white blood cell count, total nentrephile granulocyte count, total lymphocyte count, total platelet count and the contents of serum interleukin-6 and erythropoietin in myelosuppressive mice were significantly decreased. The total erythrocyte count, the contents of hemoglobin and imerleukin-3 were decreased, without significant difference. The blood physiological indices and the contents of interleukin-3 and erythropoietin in myelosuppressive mice could be improved by intragastric administration of Astragalus polysaccharide and Chinese herbal compound at different doses for 3 days or 7 days. The effect of 20 g/kg Chinese herbal compound was the best after administration for 3 days, and the effect of 10 g/kg Chinese herbal compound was the best after administration for 7 days. The total white blcod cell count, total neutrophile granulocyte count, percentage of neutrephile granulocyte, total lymphocyte count, total count of middle cells, percentage of middle cells, total platelet count, contents of interleukin-3 and erythropoietin in myelosuppressive mice could be extremely significantly improved by intragastric administration of 10 g/kg Chinese herbal compound for 7 days（ P 〈 0. 01 ） , and the reduction of red blood cell count, hematecfit, the contents of hemoglobin and interleukin-6 induced by cyclophesphamide could be inhibited （P 〈 0.01 ）. [ Conclusion ] Chinese herbal compound could improve the hematopoietic function of myclosuppressivc mice induced by cyclophosphamide and its effect was better than Astragalus polysaccharide. 20 g/kg Chinese herbal compound reacted fast and the reaction of 10 g/kg Chinese herbal compound was slow ,but its efficacy was lasting.
文摘背景:巨噬细胞胞葬作用障碍引起的局部和系统炎症损害与多种肥胖相关代谢性疾病有关,且以胞葬作用为靶向的化合物表现出良好的治疗效果。目的:通过综述肥胖对巨噬细胞胞葬作用各个阶段的影响结果分析肥胖抑制胞葬作用的关键机制,总结以胞葬作用为靶向的化合物治疗代谢性疾病的研究现状,以进一步阐明胞葬作用及其与肥胖相关代谢性疾病的关系,为疾病防治策略提供新思路。方法:以“efferocytosis,metabolism,obesity,obese,atherosclerosis,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,neurodegeneration,tumor,osteoarthritis,diabetes,compound,medicine,treatment”为英文检索词在PubMed和Web of Science数据库检索英文文献,以“胞葬作用”为中文检索词,在中国知网、万方和维普数据库检索中文文献。经严格筛选最终纳入99篇文献进入综述分析。结果与结论:①参与巨噬细胞胞葬作用“寻我”“食我”过程的因子中含有大量凋亡细胞源性因子,因此“寻我”“食我”过程主要受凋亡细胞调控;参与骨架重组和消化过程的胞葬因子主要来源于巨噬细胞,对巨噬细胞胞葬作用活性具有决定性作用。此结果提示,“寻我”“食我”过程的因子表达水平主要反映细胞凋亡情况,在评价巨噬细胞胞葬作用活性时,选择骨架重组和消化阶段的胞葬因子的表达更具科学性。②肥胖抑制巨噬细胞胞葬作用,但肥胖对多数“寻我”“食我”因子及骨架重组因子具有应激性激活作用,对多数消化因子具有抑制作用。此结果进一步说明,消化阶段对胞葬作用活性的决定性意义,并提示部分研究以“寻我”“食我”胞葬因子表达增加作为胞葬作用增强的依据不可靠;且提示未来在探讨以巨噬细胞胞葬作用为靶向的干预策略时,靶向消化阶段胞葬因子可能更有效。③巨噬细胞胞葬作用激活物对多种代谢性疾病治疗有效,但肿瘤组织巨噬细胞胞葬作用抑制物表现出良好的抗癌效果,说明应根据组织炎症特点合理评价胞葬作用的意义。④胞葬作用是2003年提出的一个较新概念,研究历程较短,胞葬因子复杂,目前关于肥胖对胞葬作用影响的研究仅涉及冰山一角并且大部分处于粗浅水平,对其更深入的机制探讨仍需大量科学实验的进一步验证。
