Compost has been used to stabilise lead (Pb) in soil. However, compost contains a high level of dissolved organic matter (DOM) which may make Pb bioavailable in plant and thereby limiting its effectiveness and applica...Compost has been used to stabilise lead (Pb) in soil. However, compost contains a high level of dissolved organic matter (DOM) which may make Pb bioavailable in plant and thereby limiting its effectiveness and application. Addition of biochar to compost can reduce this effect. Rice husk (RH) and Cashew nut shell (CNS) biochars and compost-modified biochars were used in comparison to compost for stabilizing Pb in lead smelting slag (LSS)-contaminated soil (Pb = 18,300 mg/kg) in Nigeria. Efficiency of Pb stabilisation in control and amended soils was assessed using CaCl2 batch leaching experiment and plant performance. In pot experiments, maize plant was grown on the contaminated soil and on soil treated with minimum and optimum doses of the amendments singly and in combination for 6 weeks. Agronomical and chemical parameters of the plants were measured. CaCl2-extractable Pb in the untreated soil was reduced from 60 mg/kg to 0.55 mg/kg in RHB amended soils and non-detectable in other amended soils. RH-biochar/compost increased plant height, number of leaf and leaf area more than the others. Similarly, at minimum rate, it reduced root and shoot Pb by 91% and 86.0% respectively. Compost-modified rice husk biocharstabilised Pb in lead smelting slag contaminated soil reduced Pb plant uptake and improved plant growth. Lead stabilisation through the use of rice husk biochar with compost may be a green method for remediation of lead smelting slag-contaminated soil.展开更多
Long-term mulching has improved crop yields and farmland productivity in semiarid areas,but it has also increased greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and depleted soil fertility.Biochar application has emerged as a promising...Long-term mulching has improved crop yields and farmland productivity in semiarid areas,but it has also increased greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and depleted soil fertility.Biochar application has emerged as a promising solution for addressing these issues.In this study,we investigated the effects of four biochar application rates(no biochar(N)=0 t ha^(-1),low(L)=3 t ha^(-1),medium(M)=6 t ha^(-1),and high(H)=9 t ha^(-1))under film mulching and no mulching conditions over three growing seasons.We assessed the impacts on GHG emissions,soil organic carbon sequestration(SOCS),and maize yield to evaluate the productivity and sustainability of farmland ecosystems.Our results demonstrated that mulching increased maize yield(18.68-41.80%),total fixed C in straw(23.64%),grain(28.87%),and root(46.31%)biomass,and GHG emissions(CO_(2),10.78%;N_(2)O,3.41%),while reducing SOCS(6.57%)and GHG intensity(GHGI;13.61%).Under mulching,biochar application significantly increased maize yield(10.20%),total fixed C in straw(17.97%),grain(17.69%)and root(16.75%)biomass,and SOCS(4.78%).Moreover,it reduced the GHG emissions(CO_(2),3.09%;N_(2)O,6.36%)and GHGI(12.28%).These effects correlated with the biochar addition rate,with the optimal rate being 9.0 t ha^(-1).In conclusion,biochar application reduces CO_(2) and N_(2)O emissions,enhances CH_(4) absorption,and improves maize yield under film mulching.It also improves the soil carbon fixation capacity while mitigating the warming potential,making it a promising sustainable management method for mulched farmland in semiarid areas.展开更多
Arsenic(As)pollution in soils is a pervasive environmental issue.Biochar immobilization offers a promising solution for addressing soil As contamination.The efficiency of biochar in immobilizing As in soils primarily ...Arsenic(As)pollution in soils is a pervasive environmental issue.Biochar immobilization offers a promising solution for addressing soil As contamination.The efficiency of biochar in immobilizing As in soils primarily hinges on the characteristics of both the soil and the biochar.However,the influence of a specific property on As immobilization varies among different studies,and the development and application of arsenic passivation materials based on biochar often rely on empirical knowledge.To enhance immobilization efficiency and reduce labor and time costs,a machine learning(ML)model was employed to predict As immobilization efficiency before biochar application.In this study,we collected a dataset comprising 182 data points on As immobilization efficiency from 17 publications to construct three ML models.The results demonstrated that the random forest(RF)model outperformed gradient boost regression tree and support vector regression models in predictive performance.Relative importance analysis and partial dependence plots based on the RF model were conducted to identify the most crucial factors influencing As immobilization.These findings highlighted the significant roles of biochar application time and biochar pH in As immobilization efficiency in soils.Furthermore,the study revealed that Fe-modified biochar exhibited a substantial improvement in As immobilization.These insights can facilitate targeted biochar property design and optimization of biochar application conditions to enhance As immobilization efficiency.展开更多
Current research primarily focuses on emerging organic pollutants,with limited attention to emerging inorganic pollutants (EIPs).However,due to advances in detection technology and the escalating environmental and hea...Current research primarily focuses on emerging organic pollutants,with limited attention to emerging inorganic pollutants (EIPs).However,due to advances in detection technology and the escalating environmental and health challenges posed by pollution,there is a growing interest in treating waters contaminated with EIPs.This paper explores biochar characteristics and modification methods,encompassing physical,chemical,and biological approaches for adsorbing EIPs.It offers a comprehensive review of research advancements in employing biochar for EIPs remediation in water,outlines the adsorption mechanisms of EIPs by biochar,and presents an environmental and economic analysis.It can be concluded that using biochar for the adsorption of EIPs in wastewater exhibits promising potential.Nonetheless,it is noteworthy that certain EIPs like Au(III),Rh(III),Ir(III),Ru(III),Os(III),Sc(III),and Y(III),have not been extensively investigated regarding their adsorption onto biochar.This comprehensive review will catalyze further inquiry into the biochar-based adsorption of EIPs,addressing current research deficiencies and advancing the practical implementation of biochar as a potent substrate for EIP removal from wastewater streams.展开更多
Aims:Reed(Phragmites australis)is a plant species with a seasonal reproductive cycle;it has a very high biomass in U Minh Thuong National Park,in Vietnam.This study aims to evaluate fresh and dry biomass of the reed a...Aims:Reed(Phragmites australis)is a plant species with a seasonal reproductive cycle;it has a very high biomass in U Minh Thuong National Park,in Vietnam.This study aims to evaluate fresh and dry biomass of the reed and the production of biochar from the plants.The biochar is then used as a bio-organic fertilizer for watermelon cultivation in agriculture.Methods:To achieve these objectives the following experiments were conducted(1)investtigating the fresh and dry biomass of reeds producing biochar using local methods;(2)adsorption with pig urine and chemical fertilizers(nitrogen,phosphorus and potash)to examine the uptake of chemical components into the water environment;(3)mixing biochar with inorganic mineral fertilizers and peat to creat inorganic fertilizer–biochar formulas,followed by an analysis of the chemical compositions of the mixtures;(4)using various biochar-based fertilizers to grow watermelon with local varieties.Results:The results show that reeds produce very high for biomass biochar fertilizer production.Reed biochar can adsorb components of pig urine,such as ammonium,nitrate,nitrogen and phosphorus along with inorganic substances such as nitrogen,phosphorus and potash.Therefore this study proposes the use of this biochar for watermelon cultivation and environment treatment in polluted regions.Conclusions:Biomass and biochar of reed are very high.The biochar can adsorb nitrogen,phosphorus and potash fertilizers.Additionally,biochar can be mixed with peat and inorganic mineral fertilizers for to watermelon cultivation in Mekong Delta.Implications of the research:Forest fires in U Minh Thuong National Park,caused by reed vegetation,occur annually and result in damage to property and human livelihoods.This research not only exploits renewable raw materials but also helps control the risk of forest fires.Originality/Valeu:This study aims to provide methods for controlling forest fires by producing biochar of from reed(Phragmites australis)U Minh Thuong National Park Vietnam.This species thrives and produces a large biomass during the rainy season,supllying dry material that contributes to the intensity of forest fires in the dry season in Vietnam.展开更多
Dibromoethane is a widespread,persistent organic pollutant.Biochars are known mediators of reductive dehalogenation by layered Fe^(Ⅱ)-Fe^(Ⅲ)hydroxides(green rust),which can reduce 1,2-dibromoethane to innocuous brom...Dibromoethane is a widespread,persistent organic pollutant.Biochars are known mediators of reductive dehalogenation by layered Fe^(Ⅱ)-Fe^(Ⅲ)hydroxides(green rust),which can reduce 1,2-dibromoethane to innocuous bromide and ethylene.However,the critical characteristics that determine mediator functionality are lesser known.Fifteen biochar substrates were pyrolyzed at 600℃and 800℃,characterized by elemental analysis,X-ray photo spectrometry C and N surface speciation,X-ray powder diffraction,specific surface area analysis,and tested for mediation of reductive debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane by a green rust reductant under anoxic conditions.A statistical analysis was performed to determine the biochar properties,critical for debromination kinetics and total debromination extent.It was shown that selected plant based biochars can mediate debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane,that the highest first order rate constant was 0.082/hr,and the highest debromination extent was 27%in reactivity experiments with 0.1μmol(20μmol/L)1,2-dibromoethane,≈22 mmol/L Fe^(Ⅱ)GR,and 0.12 g/L soybean meal biochar(7 days).Contents of Ni,Zn,N,and P,and the relative contribution of quinone surface functional groups were significantly(p<0.05)positively correlated with 1,2-dibromoethane debromination,while adsorption,specific surface area,and the relative contribution of pyridinic N oxide surface groups were significantly negatively correlated with debromination.展开更多
In this study,two wheat-derived cadmium(Cd)-immobilizing endophytic Pseudomonas paralactis M14 and Priestia megaterium R27 were evaluated for their effects on wheat tissue Cd uptake under hydroponic conditions.Then,th...In this study,two wheat-derived cadmium(Cd)-immobilizing endophytic Pseudomonas paralactis M14 and Priestia megaterium R27 were evaluated for their effects on wheat tissue Cd uptake under hydroponic conditions.Then,the impacts of the biochar(BC),M14+R27(MR),and BC+MR treatments on wheat Cd uptake and the mechanisms involved were investigated at the jointing,heading,and mature stages of wheat plants under field-plot conditions.A hydroponic experiment showed that the MR treatment significantly decreased the above-ground tissue Cd content compared with theM14 or R27 treatment.The BC+MRtreatment reduced the grain Cd content by 51.5%-67.7%and Cd translocation factor at the mature stage of wheat plants and increased the organic matter-bound Cd content by 31%-75%in the rhizosphere soils compared with the BC or MR treatment.Compared with the BC or MR treatment,the relative abundances of the biomarkers associated with Gemmatimonas,Altererythrobacter,Gammaproteobacteria,Xanthomonadaceae,Phenylobacterium,and Nocardioides in the BC+MR-treated rhizosphere microbiome decreased and negatively correlated with the organic matter-bound Cd contents.In the BC+MR-treated root interior microbiome,the relative abundance of the biomarker belonging to Exiguobacterium increased and negatively correlated with the Cd translocation factor,while the relative abundance of the biomarker belonging to Pseudonocardiaceae decreased and positively correlated with the Cd translocation factor.Our findings suggested that the BC+MR treatment reduced Cd availability and Cd transfer through affecting the abundances of these specific biomarkers in the rhizosphere soil and root interior microbiomes,leading to decreased wheat grain Cd uptake in the contaminated soil.展开更多
The technology for green and macro-conversion of solid waste biomass to prepare high-quality activated carbon demands urgent development.This study proposes a technique for synthesizing carbon adsorbents using trace K...The technology for green and macro-conversion of solid waste biomass to prepare high-quality activated carbon demands urgent development.This study proposes a technique for synthesizing carbon adsorbents using trace KOH-catalyzed CO_(2) activation.Comprehensive investigations were conducted on three aspects:physicochemical structure evolution of biochar,mechanistic understanding of trace KOH-facilitated CO_(2) activation processes,and application characteristics for CO_(2) adsorption.Results demonstrate that biochar activated by trace KOH(<10%)and CO_(2) achieves comparable specific surface area(1244.09 m^(2)/g)to that obtained with 100%KOH activation(1425.10 m^(2)/g).The pore structure characteristics(specific surface area and pore volume)are governed by CO and CH4 generated through K-salt catalyzed reactions between CO_(2) and biochar.The optimal CO_(2) adsorption capacities of KBC adsorbent reached 4.70 mmol/g(0℃)and 7.25 mmol/g(25℃),representing the maximum values among comparable carbon adsorbents.The 5%KBC-CO_(2) sample exhibited CO_(2) adsorption capacities of 3.19 and 5.01 mmol/g under respective conditions,attaining current average performance levels.Notably,CO_(2)/N_(2) selectivity(85∶15,volume ratio)reached 64.71 at 0.02 bar with robust cycling stability.Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that oxygen-containing functional groups accelerate CO_(2) adsorption kinetics and enhance micropore storage capacity.This technical route offers simplicity,environmental compatibility,and scalability,providing critical references for large-scale preparation of high-quality carbon materials.展开更多
Biomass-derived heteroatom self-doped cathode catalysts has attracted considerable interest for electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(EAOPs)due to its high performance and sustainable synthesis.Herein,we illust...Biomass-derived heteroatom self-doped cathode catalysts has attracted considerable interest for electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(EAOPs)due to its high performance and sustainable synthesis.Herein,we illustrated the morphological fates of waste leaf-derived graphitic carbon(WLGC)produced from waste ginkgo leaves via pyrolysis temperature regulation and used as bifunctional cathode catalyst for simultaneous H_(2)O_(2) electrochemical generation and organic pollutant degradation,discovering S/N-self-doping shown to facilitate a synergistic effect on reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation.Under the optimum temperature of 800℃,the WLGC exhibited a H_(2)O_(2) selectivity of 94.2%and tetracycline removal of 99.3%within 60 min.Density functional theory calculations and in-situ Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy verified that graphitic N was the critical site for H_(2)O_(2) generation.While pyridinic N and thiophene S were the main active sites responsible for OH generation,N vacancies were the active sites to produce ^(1)O_(2) from O_(2).The performance of the novel cathode for tetracycline degradation remains well under a wide pH range(3–11),maintaining excellent stability in 10 cycles.It is also industrially applicable,achieving satisfactory performance treating in real water matrices.This system facilitates both radical and non-radical degradation,offering valuable advances in the preparation of cost-effective and sustainable electrocatalysts and hold strong potentials in metal-free EAOPs for organic pollutant degradation.展开更多
Harnessing the redox potential of biochar to activate airborne O_(2)for contaminant removal is challenging.In this study,ferrihydrite(Fh)modified the boron(B),nitrogen(N)co-doped biochars(BCs)composites(Fh/B(n)NC)were...Harnessing the redox potential of biochar to activate airborne O_(2)for contaminant removal is challenging.In this study,ferrihydrite(Fh)modified the boron(B),nitrogen(N)co-doped biochars(BCs)composites(Fh/B(n)NC)were developed for enhancing the degradation of a model pollutant,tetracycline(TC),merely by airborne O_(2).Fh/B(3)NC showed excellent O_(2)activation activity for efficient TC degradation with a apparent TC degradation rate of 5.54,6.88,and 22.15 times that of B(3)NC,Fh,and raw BCs,respectively,where 1O_(2)and H_(2)O_(2)were identified as the dominant ROS for TC degradation.The B incorporation into the carbon lattice of Fh/B(3)NC promoted the generation of electron donors,sp2 C and the reductive B species,hence boosting Fe(III)reduction and 1O_(2)generation.O_(2)adsorption was enhanced due to the positively charged adsorption sites(C-B+and N-C+).And 1O_(2)was generated via Fe(II)catalyzed low-efficient successive one-electron transfer(O_(2)→O_(2)·−→1O_(2),H_(2)O_(2)),as well as biochar catalyzed high-efficient two-electron transfer(O_(2)→H_(2)O_(2)→1O_(2))that does not involve.O_(2)−as the intermediate.Moreover,Fh/B,N co-doped biochar showed a wide pH range,remarkable anti-interference capabilities,and effective detoxification.These findings shed new light on the development of environmentally benign BCs materials capable of degradading organic pollutants.展开更多
Humic acid(HA),as a represent of natural organic matter widely existing in water body,dose harm to water quality and human health;however,it was commonly treated as an environmental background substance while not targ...Humic acid(HA),as a represent of natural organic matter widely existing in water body,dose harm to water quality and human health;however,it was commonly treated as an environmental background substance while not targeted contaminant in advanced oxidation processes(AOPs).Herein,we investigated the removal of HA in the alkali-activated biochar(KBC)/peroxymonosulfate(PMS)system.The modification of the original biochar(BC)resulted in an increased adsorption capacity and catalytic activity due to the introduction of more micropores,mesopores,and oxygen-containing functional groups,particularly carbonyl groups.Mechanistic insights indicated that HA is primarily chemically adsorbed on the KBC surface,while singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))produced by the PMS decomposition served as the major reactive species for the degradation of HA.An underlying synergistic adsorption and oxidation mechanism involving a local high concentration reaction region around the KBC interface was then proposed.This work not only provides a cost-effective solution for the elimination of HA but also advances our understanding of the nonradical oxidation at the biochar interface.展开更多
Dissolved organic matter(DOM)is ubiquitous in the environment and plays an important role in global ecosystems.However,our understanding of the evolution and molecular diversity of DOM from different biomass materials...Dissolved organic matter(DOM)is ubiquitous in the environment and plays an important role in global ecosystems.However,our understanding of the evolution and molecular diversity of DOM from different biomass materials and biochar is not enough.Herein,we investigated the changes in DOM from seven biomass and biochar samples over a bio-incubation of 28 days,and explored their contents,and optical,chemical,and molecular characteristics.The results indicated that dissolved organic carbon(DOC)from different sources all exhibited a gradually decreasing trends during the incubation,while the absorbance and aromaticity gradually increased.Biomass DOM was characterized by higher DOC concentrations and a higher degradation rate,whereas biochar DOM had high aromaticity and little variability.Parallel factor analysis results showed that the protein-like fluorescent groups were as only detected in biomass DOM,while the dominant humic-like components were identified in biochar DOM.Additionally,the molecular composition of DOM from different sources was different,and biomass DOM contained more carbohydrate-like and saturated compounds.More sulfur-containing compounds were detected in Ceratophyllum demersum(CD)DOM,which may indicate that the leaching of CD litter was an important source of sulfur-containing species in aquatic environments.Furthermore,biochar DOM had greater aromaticity and a higher degree of oxidation than the corresponding biomass DOM.This study provided a detailed understanding of the molecular diversity of DOM by considering its various sources,and the results are helpful for further understanding their chemical properties and structures.展开更多
To achieve the sustainable development and carbon neutral target,biomass chitosan(CS)was used to prepare N,S-doped biochar(NSB)with the assistance of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS).The synthetic route was deve...To achieve the sustainable development and carbon neutral target,biomass chitosan(CS)was used to prepare N,S-doped biochar(NSB)with the assistance of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS).The synthetic route was developed,which does not require the activation that is frequently-used for active carbon materials.By manipulating their interaction,SDBS was deposited with CS in neutral and basic conditions.Subsequent calcination successfully has access to NSB.It features with hierarchical porous structure and abundant functional groups.The dually-doped NSB bears excellent adsorption performance towards chlortetracycline(CTC).The adsorption capacity reaches 101.3 mg g^(-1) within 4 h.It is 200%higher than that of N-doped biochar(NB)prepared by only CS.The renewable and cost-effective raw materials and simple preparation method would enable NSB to be a good candidate for remedying antibiotics in the environment.展开更多
This experiment evaluated the effects of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae,Azotobacter chroococcum bacteria,and Biochar on the characteristics of the root system,and yield of the cucumber plant,Cucumis sativus L.,...This experiment evaluated the effects of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae,Azotobacter chroococcum bacteria,and Biochar on the characteristics of the root system,and yield of the cucumber plant,Cucumis sativus L.,for this purpose,experiment designed:the first factor is a combination of Mycorrhizae(M)at 35 g plant-1,Azotobacter(A)15 ml plant-1 with a microbial density of 2.2,and three concentrations(0,5,10%)of Biochar sprayed on the plant.The results of the research demonstrated that using mycorrhizae,Azotobacter bacteria,and phosphate rock with half the mineral recommendation(MAR)and spraying Biochar at a concentration of 10%gave the highest rate of infection of the roots with mycorrhizae,amounting to 80%,and the highest dry weight of the root system reached 84.53 g.The highest number of total bacteria was 8.74 log Cfu g m-1 of soil,the highest plant height reached 375.0 cm,the highest dry weight of the shoot reached 101.66 g plant-1,and the highest yield for the greenhouse was 4.501 ton greenhouse-1,followed by the treatment of adding Mycorrhiza with phosphate rock and half the mineral recommendation(MR)with Biochar at a concentration of 10%,then treatment with the addition of mycorrhizae with Azotobacter bacteria with half the mineral recommendation(AR)with 10%of Biochar.It is possible to eliminate half of the mineral recommendation by using these fertilizers,reduce the harmful impact of pollution on the environment and enhance sustainability in agriculture.展开更多
Microalgae are one of the promising feedstocks for biorefinery,contributing significantly to net-zero emissions through carbon capture and utilization.However,the disposal of microalgal byproducts from the manufacturi...Microalgae are one of the promising feedstocks for biorefinery,contributing significantly to net-zero emissions through carbon capture and utilization.However,the disposal of microalgal byproducts from the manufacturing process causes additional environmental pollution,thus,a new application strategy is required.In this study,the Tetraselmis suecica byproduct from the carotenoid extraction process was carbonized and converted into biochar.The converted biochar was proved to be nitrogen-doped biochar(NDB),up to 4.69%,with a specific surface area of 206.59m^(2)/g andwas used as an electrode for a supercapacitor.The NDB electrode(NDB-E)in half-cell showed a maximum specific capacitance of 191 F/g.In a full-cell test,the NDB-E exhibited a high energy density of 7.396 Wh/kg and a high-power density of 18,100 W/kg,and maintained specific capacity of 95.5%after charge and discharge of 10,000 cycles.In conclusion,our study demonstrated that the carotenoid-extracted microalgal byproducts are a useful resource for the supercapacitor production.This approach is the first to convert T.suecica into active materials for supercapacitors.展开更多
Exploring modification methods for enhancing the adsorption performance of biochar-based adsorbents for effective removal of methylene blue(MB),biochar-loaded CeO_(2)nanoparticles(Ce/BC)were synthesized by pomelo peel...Exploring modification methods for enhancing the adsorption performance of biochar-based adsorbents for effective removal of methylene blue(MB),biochar-loaded CeO_(2)nanoparticles(Ce/BC)were synthesized by pomelo peels through co-precipitation combined with the pyrolysis method.Ce/BC showed a higher specific surface area and disorder degree than that of BC.The 0.5Ce/BC(mass ratio of Ce(NO_(3))_(3)·6H_(2)O/BC=0.5/1)showed the best performance to adsorption of MB solution at different reaction conditions(MB concentration,Ce/BC composites dosage,and initial pH).Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherms were well-described with a pseudo-first-order equation and Langmuir model,respectively.In addition,the maximum adsorption capacity of 0.5Ce/BC for MB was 105.68 mg·g^(-1)at 328 K.The strong adsorption was attributed to multi-interactions including pore filling,π-πinteractions,electrostatic interaction,and hydrogen bonding between the composites and MB.This work demonstrated that the modified pomelo peels biochar,as a green promising material with cost-effectiveness,exhibited a great potential for broad application prospectively to dyeing-contaminated wastewater treatment.展开更多
Antimony(Sb)contamination in paddy fields can lead to its accumulation in rice grains,posing a threat to food safety.To address this issue,the combined use of zero-valent iron(ZVI)and biochar(BC)were applied to decrea...Antimony(Sb)contamination in paddy fields can lead to its accumulation in rice grains,posing a threat to food safety.To address this issue,the combined use of zero-valent iron(ZVI)and biochar(BC)were applied to decrease the uptake of Sb in Sb-polluted soils,and their effects on Sb uptake from soil to rice grains were investigated.Our results showed that the combination treatment of 0.05%ZVI and 0.095%BC resulted in a significant decrease(42.8%)in Sb accumulation in rice grains that was comparably more efficient than that by 0.05%ZVI(decrease of 15.8%Sb accumulation)or 0.095%BC(decrease of 12.7%Sb accumulation)alone,demonstrating the synergistic effect of ZVI and BC on mitigating Sb uptake by rice plants.ZVI presence resulted in the formation of iron oxides in the soil and on root surfaces,and the S^(2-)/S_(2)^(2-)ascent also increased by 58.7%on day 75 compared with that of the control,facilitating the reduction of Sb(Ⅴ)to less mobile Sb(Ⅲ),thereby decreasing Sb accumulation in rice plants.BC initially increased themobility of Sb owing to its alkaline nature,whereas the electron shuttle properties of BC contributed to a decrease in Sbmobility.The abundance of the arsenite-reducing gene arrA ultimately increased by 203.2% on day 120 compared with the initial phase on day 5,and BC caused a remarkable increase in arrA gene abundance.This study revealed the synergistic mechanisms by combining ZVI and BC to mitigate Sb uptake by rice,which may be useful for the sustainable remediation of contaminated rice paddies.展开更多
In order to explore the remediation effects of lignite and biochar on Zn-contaminated soil,this experiment studied the impacts of adding lignite and biochar on soil respiration,soil enzyme activity,and organic carbon ...In order to explore the remediation effects of lignite and biochar on Zn-contaminated soil,this experiment studied the impacts of adding lignite and biochar on soil respiration,soil enzyme activity,and organic carbon in Zn-contaminated soil through soil culture experiments,which provided a theoretical basis for the remediation and improvement as well as for the development and utilization of Zn-contaminated soil.The study was an L8(4×2^(2))orthogonal experimental design with eight treatments,in which there were four levels of Zn contamination concentration(Z0:0;Z1:125 mg•kg^(-1);Z2:250 mg•kg^(-1);Z3:500 mg•kg^(-1)),low-Zn(125-250 mg•kg^(-1))and high-Zn(500 mg•kg^(-1)),two levels of lignite(H0:0;H1:13.33 g•kg^(-1)),two levels of biochar(C0:0;C1:3.33 g•kg^(-1)),with four replicates per treatment.The results showed that lignite or biochar and their interaction had extremely significant effects on both respiration rate and accumulation in Zn-contaminated soil.Among the high Zn-contaminated treatments,the mixed application of lignite and biochar(Z3H1C1 treatment)had the fastest soil respiration rate and the highest soil respiration accumulation.Lignite,biochar and their interaction had significant or extremely significant effects on sucrase,catalase and polyphenol oxidase activities in Zn-contaminated soil.Among the high Zn-contaminated treatments(Z3),the addition of biochar alone had the most significant effects on the increase of soil sucrase and catalase enzyme activities,while the mixed application of lignite and biochar had the most significant effects on the increase of soil polyphenol oxidase activity.Lignite,biochar and their interaction had significant or extremely significant effects on the total organic carbon,active organic carbon and microbial carbon content of Zn-contaminated soils.Soil total organic carbon content in general peaked at day 80.Among the high Zn-contaminated treatments,the addition of biochar alone had the most significant effects on the total organic carbon content of the soil,while the mixed application of lignite and biochar had the most significant effect on the microbiomass carbon content.展开更多
P-arsanilic acid(AA)has received widespread attention because of its conversion to more toxic inorganic arsenic compounds(arsenate and arsenite)in the natural ecosystems.Its removal process and mechanisms with co-exis...P-arsanilic acid(AA)has received widespread attention because of its conversion to more toxic inorganic arsenic compounds(arsenate and arsenite)in the natural ecosystems.Its removal process and mechanisms with co-existence of microplastics remain unkown.In this study,biochar loaded with nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)particles(ISBC)was prepared by using iron scrap obtained from a steel works and wood chips collected from a wood processing plant.The advanced oxidation system of sodium persulfate(PDS)activated by ISBC was applied for AA degradation and inorganic arsenic control in aqueous media.More than 99%of the AA was completely degraded by the ISBC/PDS system,and the As(III)on AA was almost completely oxidized to As(V)and finally removed by ISBC.HCO_(3)−inhibited the removal of AA by the ISBC/PDS system,while Cl^(−)had a dual effect that showing inhibition at low concentrations yet promotion at high concentrations.The effect of microplastics on the degradation of AA by the ISBC/PDS system was further investigated due to the potential for combined microplastic and organic arsenic contamination in rural/remote areas.Microplastics were found to have little effect on AA degradation in the ISBC/PDS system,while affect the transport of inorganic arsenic generated from AA degradation.Overall,this study provides new insights and methods for efficient removal of p-arsanilic acid from water with coexisting microplastics.展开更多
A controlled pot experiment was carried out to examine the interactive effects of salinity stress and biochar on the growth,nutrient uptake,and soil microbial dynamics of Lablab purpureus.Results showed that wheat hus...A controlled pot experiment was carried out to examine the interactive effects of salinity stress and biochar on the growth,nutrient uptake,and soil microbial dynamics of Lablab purpureus.Results showed that wheat husk biochar significantly(p<0.05)enhanced plant growth parameters compared to controls.Plant height increased by c.53%,root length by 37%,fresh weight by 125%,and dry weight by 92%in wheat husk char treated soil under non-saline conditions.Wheat husk char also significantly increased pod number and node count per plant by c.42%and 28%respectively.Nutrient analysis revealed higher concentrations of N(~6%),P(~0.3%),and K(~2%)in wheat husk biochar treatments,while salinity reduced nutrient uptake across all treatments.Although the number of flowers increased by c.75%,the difference was not statistically significant.Although 16S rRNA gene copy numbers did not show significant changes in biochar treatments,enhanced microbial function indicated improved nutrient cycling and ecosystem functionality.Overall,the findings suggest that biochar can mitigate the adverse effects of salinity by improving plant physiological traits and stimulating microbial activity.This highlights biochar’s potential as an ecological tool for sustainable agriculture,biodiversity enhancement,and ecosystem restoration in saline affected areas.展开更多
文摘Compost has been used to stabilise lead (Pb) in soil. However, compost contains a high level of dissolved organic matter (DOM) which may make Pb bioavailable in plant and thereby limiting its effectiveness and application. Addition of biochar to compost can reduce this effect. Rice husk (RH) and Cashew nut shell (CNS) biochars and compost-modified biochars were used in comparison to compost for stabilizing Pb in lead smelting slag (LSS)-contaminated soil (Pb = 18,300 mg/kg) in Nigeria. Efficiency of Pb stabilisation in control and amended soils was assessed using CaCl2 batch leaching experiment and plant performance. In pot experiments, maize plant was grown on the contaminated soil and on soil treated with minimum and optimum doses of the amendments singly and in combination for 6 weeks. Agronomical and chemical parameters of the plants were measured. CaCl2-extractable Pb in the untreated soil was reduced from 60 mg/kg to 0.55 mg/kg in RHB amended soils and non-detectable in other amended soils. RH-biochar/compost increased plant height, number of leaf and leaf area more than the others. Similarly, at minimum rate, it reduced root and shoot Pb by 91% and 86.0% respectively. Compost-modified rice husk biocharstabilised Pb in lead smelting slag contaminated soil reduced Pb plant uptake and improved plant growth. Lead stabilisation through the use of rice husk biochar with compost may be a green method for remediation of lead smelting slag-contaminated soil.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFE0101300 and 2021YFD1901102)the project supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province,China(2023-JC-YB-185)the Ningxia Key Research and Development Program,China(2023BCF01018)。
文摘Long-term mulching has improved crop yields and farmland productivity in semiarid areas,but it has also increased greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and depleted soil fertility.Biochar application has emerged as a promising solution for addressing these issues.In this study,we investigated the effects of four biochar application rates(no biochar(N)=0 t ha^(-1),low(L)=3 t ha^(-1),medium(M)=6 t ha^(-1),and high(H)=9 t ha^(-1))under film mulching and no mulching conditions over three growing seasons.We assessed the impacts on GHG emissions,soil organic carbon sequestration(SOCS),and maize yield to evaluate the productivity and sustainability of farmland ecosystems.Our results demonstrated that mulching increased maize yield(18.68-41.80%),total fixed C in straw(23.64%),grain(28.87%),and root(46.31%)biomass,and GHG emissions(CO_(2),10.78%;N_(2)O,3.41%),while reducing SOCS(6.57%)and GHG intensity(GHGI;13.61%).Under mulching,biochar application significantly increased maize yield(10.20%),total fixed C in straw(17.97%),grain(17.69%)and root(16.75%)biomass,and SOCS(4.78%).Moreover,it reduced the GHG emissions(CO_(2),3.09%;N_(2)O,6.36%)and GHGI(12.28%).These effects correlated with the biochar addition rate,with the optimal rate being 9.0 t ha^(-1).In conclusion,biochar application reduces CO_(2) and N_(2)O emissions,enhances CH_(4) absorption,and improves maize yield under film mulching.It also improves the soil carbon fixation capacity while mitigating the warming potential,making it a promising sustainable management method for mulched farmland in semiarid areas.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC1808701).
文摘Arsenic(As)pollution in soils is a pervasive environmental issue.Biochar immobilization offers a promising solution for addressing soil As contamination.The efficiency of biochar in immobilizing As in soils primarily hinges on the characteristics of both the soil and the biochar.However,the influence of a specific property on As immobilization varies among different studies,and the development and application of arsenic passivation materials based on biochar often rely on empirical knowledge.To enhance immobilization efficiency and reduce labor and time costs,a machine learning(ML)model was employed to predict As immobilization efficiency before biochar application.In this study,we collected a dataset comprising 182 data points on As immobilization efficiency from 17 publications to construct three ML models.The results demonstrated that the random forest(RF)model outperformed gradient boost regression tree and support vector regression models in predictive performance.Relative importance analysis and partial dependence plots based on the RF model were conducted to identify the most crucial factors influencing As immobilization.These findings highlighted the significant roles of biochar application time and biochar pH in As immobilization efficiency in soils.Furthermore,the study revealed that Fe-modified biochar exhibited a substantial improvement in As immobilization.These insights can facilitate targeted biochar property design and optimization of biochar application conditions to enhance As immobilization efficiency.
基金support from the earmarked fund for XJARS(No.XJARS-06)the Bingtuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2021DB019,2022CB001-01)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42275014)the Guangdong Foundation for Program of Science and Technology Research,China(No.2023B1212060044)。
文摘Current research primarily focuses on emerging organic pollutants,with limited attention to emerging inorganic pollutants (EIPs).However,due to advances in detection technology and the escalating environmental and health challenges posed by pollution,there is a growing interest in treating waters contaminated with EIPs.This paper explores biochar characteristics and modification methods,encompassing physical,chemical,and biological approaches for adsorbing EIPs.It offers a comprehensive review of research advancements in employing biochar for EIPs remediation in water,outlines the adsorption mechanisms of EIPs by biochar,and presents an environmental and economic analysis.It can be concluded that using biochar for the adsorption of EIPs in wastewater exhibits promising potential.Nonetheless,it is noteworthy that certain EIPs like Au(III),Rh(III),Ir(III),Ru(III),Os(III),Sc(III),and Y(III),have not been extensively investigated regarding their adsorption onto biochar.This comprehensive review will catalyze further inquiry into the biochar-based adsorption of EIPs,addressing current research deficiencies and advancing the practical implementation of biochar as a potent substrate for EIP removal from wastewater streams.
文摘Aims:Reed(Phragmites australis)is a plant species with a seasonal reproductive cycle;it has a very high biomass in U Minh Thuong National Park,in Vietnam.This study aims to evaluate fresh and dry biomass of the reed and the production of biochar from the plants.The biochar is then used as a bio-organic fertilizer for watermelon cultivation in agriculture.Methods:To achieve these objectives the following experiments were conducted(1)investtigating the fresh and dry biomass of reeds producing biochar using local methods;(2)adsorption with pig urine and chemical fertilizers(nitrogen,phosphorus and potash)to examine the uptake of chemical components into the water environment;(3)mixing biochar with inorganic mineral fertilizers and peat to creat inorganic fertilizer–biochar formulas,followed by an analysis of the chemical compositions of the mixtures;(4)using various biochar-based fertilizers to grow watermelon with local varieties.Results:The results show that reeds produce very high for biomass biochar fertilizer production.Reed biochar can adsorb components of pig urine,such as ammonium,nitrate,nitrogen and phosphorus along with inorganic substances such as nitrogen,phosphorus and potash.Therefore this study proposes the use of this biochar for watermelon cultivation and environment treatment in polluted regions.Conclusions:Biomass and biochar of reed are very high.The biochar can adsorb nitrogen,phosphorus and potash fertilizers.Additionally,biochar can be mixed with peat and inorganic mineral fertilizers for to watermelon cultivation in Mekong Delta.Implications of the research:Forest fires in U Minh Thuong National Park,caused by reed vegetation,occur annually and result in damage to property and human livelihoods.This research not only exploits renewable raw materials but also helps control the risk of forest fires.Originality/Valeu:This study aims to provide methods for controlling forest fires by producing biochar of from reed(Phragmites australis)U Minh Thuong National Park Vietnam.This species thrives and produces a large biomass during the rainy season,supllying dry material that contributes to the intensity of forest fires in the dry season in Vietnam.
文摘Dibromoethane is a widespread,persistent organic pollutant.Biochars are known mediators of reductive dehalogenation by layered Fe^(Ⅱ)-Fe^(Ⅲ)hydroxides(green rust),which can reduce 1,2-dibromoethane to innocuous bromide and ethylene.However,the critical characteristics that determine mediator functionality are lesser known.Fifteen biochar substrates were pyrolyzed at 600℃and 800℃,characterized by elemental analysis,X-ray photo spectrometry C and N surface speciation,X-ray powder diffraction,specific surface area analysis,and tested for mediation of reductive debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane by a green rust reductant under anoxic conditions.A statistical analysis was performed to determine the biochar properties,critical for debromination kinetics and total debromination extent.It was shown that selected plant based biochars can mediate debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane,that the highest first order rate constant was 0.082/hr,and the highest debromination extent was 27%in reactivity experiments with 0.1μmol(20μmol/L)1,2-dibromoethane,≈22 mmol/L Fe^(Ⅱ)GR,and 0.12 g/L soybean meal biochar(7 days).Contents of Ni,Zn,N,and P,and the relative contribution of quinone surface functional groups were significantly(p<0.05)positively correlated with 1,2-dibromoethane debromination,while adsorption,specific surface area,and the relative contribution of pyridinic N oxide surface groups were significantly negatively correlated with debromination.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41977199).
文摘In this study,two wheat-derived cadmium(Cd)-immobilizing endophytic Pseudomonas paralactis M14 and Priestia megaterium R27 were evaluated for their effects on wheat tissue Cd uptake under hydroponic conditions.Then,the impacts of the biochar(BC),M14+R27(MR),and BC+MR treatments on wheat Cd uptake and the mechanisms involved were investigated at the jointing,heading,and mature stages of wheat plants under field-plot conditions.A hydroponic experiment showed that the MR treatment significantly decreased the above-ground tissue Cd content compared with theM14 or R27 treatment.The BC+MRtreatment reduced the grain Cd content by 51.5%-67.7%and Cd translocation factor at the mature stage of wheat plants and increased the organic matter-bound Cd content by 31%-75%in the rhizosphere soils compared with the BC or MR treatment.Compared with the BC or MR treatment,the relative abundances of the biomarkers associated with Gemmatimonas,Altererythrobacter,Gammaproteobacteria,Xanthomonadaceae,Phenylobacterium,and Nocardioides in the BC+MR-treated rhizosphere microbiome decreased and negatively correlated with the organic matter-bound Cd contents.In the BC+MR-treated root interior microbiome,the relative abundance of the biomarker belonging to Exiguobacterium increased and negatively correlated with the Cd translocation factor,while the relative abundance of the biomarker belonging to Pseudonocardiaceae decreased and positively correlated with the Cd translocation factor.Our findings suggested that the BC+MR treatment reduced Cd availability and Cd transfer through affecting the abundances of these specific biomarkers in the rhizosphere soil and root interior microbiomes,leading to decreased wheat grain Cd uptake in the contaminated soil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52376103,542B2081).
文摘The technology for green and macro-conversion of solid waste biomass to prepare high-quality activated carbon demands urgent development.This study proposes a technique for synthesizing carbon adsorbents using trace KOH-catalyzed CO_(2) activation.Comprehensive investigations were conducted on three aspects:physicochemical structure evolution of biochar,mechanistic understanding of trace KOH-facilitated CO_(2) activation processes,and application characteristics for CO_(2) adsorption.Results demonstrate that biochar activated by trace KOH(<10%)and CO_(2) achieves comparable specific surface area(1244.09 m^(2)/g)to that obtained with 100%KOH activation(1425.10 m^(2)/g).The pore structure characteristics(specific surface area and pore volume)are governed by CO and CH4 generated through K-salt catalyzed reactions between CO_(2) and biochar.The optimal CO_(2) adsorption capacities of KBC adsorbent reached 4.70 mmol/g(0℃)and 7.25 mmol/g(25℃),representing the maximum values among comparable carbon adsorbents.The 5%KBC-CO_(2) sample exhibited CO_(2) adsorption capacities of 3.19 and 5.01 mmol/g under respective conditions,attaining current average performance levels.Notably,CO_(2)/N_(2) selectivity(85∶15,volume ratio)reached 64.71 at 0.02 bar with robust cycling stability.Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that oxygen-containing functional groups accelerate CO_(2) adsorption kinetics and enhance micropore storage capacity.This technical route offers simplicity,environmental compatibility,and scalability,providing critical references for large-scale preparation of high-quality carbon materials.
基金financially supported by National Key R&D Program International Cooperation Project(2023YFE0108100)Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52170085)+2 种基金Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.21JCZDJC00320)Tianjin Post-graduate Students Research and Innovation Project(2021YJSB013)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nankai University.
文摘Biomass-derived heteroatom self-doped cathode catalysts has attracted considerable interest for electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(EAOPs)due to its high performance and sustainable synthesis.Herein,we illustrated the morphological fates of waste leaf-derived graphitic carbon(WLGC)produced from waste ginkgo leaves via pyrolysis temperature regulation and used as bifunctional cathode catalyst for simultaneous H_(2)O_(2) electrochemical generation and organic pollutant degradation,discovering S/N-self-doping shown to facilitate a synergistic effect on reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation.Under the optimum temperature of 800℃,the WLGC exhibited a H_(2)O_(2) selectivity of 94.2%and tetracycline removal of 99.3%within 60 min.Density functional theory calculations and in-situ Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy verified that graphitic N was the critical site for H_(2)O_(2) generation.While pyridinic N and thiophene S were the main active sites responsible for OH generation,N vacancies were the active sites to produce ^(1)O_(2) from O_(2).The performance of the novel cathode for tetracycline degradation remains well under a wide pH range(3–11),maintaining excellent stability in 10 cycles.It is also industrially applicable,achieving satisfactory performance treating in real water matrices.This system facilitates both radical and non-radical degradation,offering valuable advances in the preparation of cost-effective and sustainable electrocatalysts and hold strong potentials in metal-free EAOPs for organic pollutant degradation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A20293).
文摘Harnessing the redox potential of biochar to activate airborne O_(2)for contaminant removal is challenging.In this study,ferrihydrite(Fh)modified the boron(B),nitrogen(N)co-doped biochars(BCs)composites(Fh/B(n)NC)were developed for enhancing the degradation of a model pollutant,tetracycline(TC),merely by airborne O_(2).Fh/B(3)NC showed excellent O_(2)activation activity for efficient TC degradation with a apparent TC degradation rate of 5.54,6.88,and 22.15 times that of B(3)NC,Fh,and raw BCs,respectively,where 1O_(2)and H_(2)O_(2)were identified as the dominant ROS for TC degradation.The B incorporation into the carbon lattice of Fh/B(3)NC promoted the generation of electron donors,sp2 C and the reductive B species,hence boosting Fe(III)reduction and 1O_(2)generation.O_(2)adsorption was enhanced due to the positively charged adsorption sites(C-B+and N-C+).And 1O_(2)was generated via Fe(II)catalyzed low-efficient successive one-electron transfer(O_(2)→O_(2)·−→1O_(2),H_(2)O_(2)),as well as biochar catalyzed high-efficient two-electron transfer(O_(2)→H_(2)O_(2)→1O_(2))that does not involve.O_(2)−as the intermediate.Moreover,Fh/B,N co-doped biochar showed a wide pH range,remarkable anti-interference capabilities,and effective detoxification.These findings shed new light on the development of environmentally benign BCs materials capable of degradading organic pollutants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52200049)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022TQ0089)the Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.LBHZ22181).
文摘Humic acid(HA),as a represent of natural organic matter widely existing in water body,dose harm to water quality and human health;however,it was commonly treated as an environmental background substance while not targeted contaminant in advanced oxidation processes(AOPs).Herein,we investigated the removal of HA in the alkali-activated biochar(KBC)/peroxymonosulfate(PMS)system.The modification of the original biochar(BC)resulted in an increased adsorption capacity and catalytic activity due to the introduction of more micropores,mesopores,and oxygen-containing functional groups,particularly carbonyl groups.Mechanistic insights indicated that HA is primarily chemically adsorbed on the KBC surface,while singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))produced by the PMS decomposition served as the major reactive species for the degradation of HA.An underlying synergistic adsorption and oxidation mechanism involving a local high concentration reaction region around the KBC interface was then proposed.This work not only provides a cost-effective solution for the elimination of HA but also advances our understanding of the nonradical oxidation at the biochar interface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42192514)Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2023B0303000007)and Guangdong Foundation for Program of Science and Technology Research(No.2023B1212060049)。
文摘Dissolved organic matter(DOM)is ubiquitous in the environment and plays an important role in global ecosystems.However,our understanding of the evolution and molecular diversity of DOM from different biomass materials and biochar is not enough.Herein,we investigated the changes in DOM from seven biomass and biochar samples over a bio-incubation of 28 days,and explored their contents,and optical,chemical,and molecular characteristics.The results indicated that dissolved organic carbon(DOC)from different sources all exhibited a gradually decreasing trends during the incubation,while the absorbance and aromaticity gradually increased.Biomass DOM was characterized by higher DOC concentrations and a higher degradation rate,whereas biochar DOM had high aromaticity and little variability.Parallel factor analysis results showed that the protein-like fluorescent groups were as only detected in biomass DOM,while the dominant humic-like components were identified in biochar DOM.Additionally,the molecular composition of DOM from different sources was different,and biomass DOM contained more carbohydrate-like and saturated compounds.More sulfur-containing compounds were detected in Ceratophyllum demersum(CD)DOM,which may indicate that the leaching of CD litter was an important source of sulfur-containing species in aquatic environments.Furthermore,biochar DOM had greater aromaticity and a higher degree of oxidation than the corresponding biomass DOM.This study provided a detailed understanding of the molecular diversity of DOM by considering its various sources,and the results are helpful for further understanding their chemical properties and structures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22276046).
文摘To achieve the sustainable development and carbon neutral target,biomass chitosan(CS)was used to prepare N,S-doped biochar(NSB)with the assistance of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS).The synthetic route was developed,which does not require the activation that is frequently-used for active carbon materials.By manipulating their interaction,SDBS was deposited with CS in neutral and basic conditions.Subsequent calcination successfully has access to NSB.It features with hierarchical porous structure and abundant functional groups.The dually-doped NSB bears excellent adsorption performance towards chlortetracycline(CTC).The adsorption capacity reaches 101.3 mg g^(-1) within 4 h.It is 200%higher than that of N-doped biochar(NB)prepared by only CS.The renewable and cost-effective raw materials and simple preparation method would enable NSB to be a good candidate for remedying antibiotics in the environment.
文摘This experiment evaluated the effects of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae,Azotobacter chroococcum bacteria,and Biochar on the characteristics of the root system,and yield of the cucumber plant,Cucumis sativus L.,for this purpose,experiment designed:the first factor is a combination of Mycorrhizae(M)at 35 g plant-1,Azotobacter(A)15 ml plant-1 with a microbial density of 2.2,and three concentrations(0,5,10%)of Biochar sprayed on the plant.The results of the research demonstrated that using mycorrhizae,Azotobacter bacteria,and phosphate rock with half the mineral recommendation(MAR)and spraying Biochar at a concentration of 10%gave the highest rate of infection of the roots with mycorrhizae,amounting to 80%,and the highest dry weight of the root system reached 84.53 g.The highest number of total bacteria was 8.74 log Cfu g m-1 of soil,the highest plant height reached 375.0 cm,the highest dry weight of the shoot reached 101.66 g plant-1,and the highest yield for the greenhouse was 4.501 ton greenhouse-1,followed by the treatment of adding Mycorrhiza with phosphate rock and half the mineral recommendation(MR)with Biochar at a concentration of 10%,then treatment with the addition of mycorrhizae with Azotobacter bacteria with half the mineral recommendation(AR)with 10%of Biochar.It is possible to eliminate half of the mineral recommendation by using these fertilizers,reduce the harmful impact of pollution on the environment and enhance sustainability in agriculture.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by Ministry of Science,ICT(Nos.2018M3A7B4070990,2020R1A2C2103137,2020R1F1A1076359,and 2022R1C1C2011696)the Education(Nos.2020R1A2C2103137 and 2020R1F1A1076359)Materials,Components&Equipment Research Program funded by the Gyeonggi Province。
文摘Microalgae are one of the promising feedstocks for biorefinery,contributing significantly to net-zero emissions through carbon capture and utilization.However,the disposal of microalgal byproducts from the manufacturing process causes additional environmental pollution,thus,a new application strategy is required.In this study,the Tetraselmis suecica byproduct from the carotenoid extraction process was carbonized and converted into biochar.The converted biochar was proved to be nitrogen-doped biochar(NDB),up to 4.69%,with a specific surface area of 206.59m^(2)/g andwas used as an electrode for a supercapacitor.The NDB electrode(NDB-E)in half-cell showed a maximum specific capacitance of 191 F/g.In a full-cell test,the NDB-E exhibited a high energy density of 7.396 Wh/kg and a high-power density of 18,100 W/kg,and maintained specific capacity of 95.5%after charge and discharge of 10,000 cycles.In conclusion,our study demonstrated that the carotenoid-extracted microalgal byproducts are a useful resource for the supercapacitor production.This approach is the first to convert T.suecica into active materials for supercapacitors.
基金supported by Basic scientific research business expense project of colleges and universities directly under Inner Mongolia(2024QNJS127 and 2023QNJS131)Science and Technology Plan Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2023YFDZ0031)the Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation(2024QN02011).
文摘Exploring modification methods for enhancing the adsorption performance of biochar-based adsorbents for effective removal of methylene blue(MB),biochar-loaded CeO_(2)nanoparticles(Ce/BC)were synthesized by pomelo peels through co-precipitation combined with the pyrolysis method.Ce/BC showed a higher specific surface area and disorder degree than that of BC.The 0.5Ce/BC(mass ratio of Ce(NO_(3))_(3)·6H_(2)O/BC=0.5/1)showed the best performance to adsorption of MB solution at different reaction conditions(MB concentration,Ce/BC composites dosage,and initial pH).Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherms were well-described with a pseudo-first-order equation and Langmuir model,respectively.In addition,the maximum adsorption capacity of 0.5Ce/BC for MB was 105.68 mg·g^(-1)at 328 K.The strong adsorption was attributed to multi-interactions including pore filling,π-πinteractions,electrostatic interaction,and hydrogen bonding between the composites and MB.This work demonstrated that the modified pomelo peels biochar,as a green promising material with cost-effectiveness,exhibited a great potential for broad application prospectively to dyeing-contaminated wastewater treatment.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42030702,42307014,and 42077354)the Guangdong Foundation for Program of Science and Technology Research(No.2020B1212060048)+7 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M720847)the GDAS’Project of Science and Technology Development(Nos.2023GDASZH-2023010103,and 2020GDASYL-20200104017)the open competition program of top ten critical priorities of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation for the 14th Five-Year Plan of Guangdong Province(No.2022SDZG08)Research Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(No.21C0788)National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2022YFD1700804)Guangdong Province Key Field R&D Project(No.2023B0202010027)Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2023B03J1286)the research platformwas also supported by Guangdong Science and Technology Infrastructure development(No.2019B121201004).
文摘Antimony(Sb)contamination in paddy fields can lead to its accumulation in rice grains,posing a threat to food safety.To address this issue,the combined use of zero-valent iron(ZVI)and biochar(BC)were applied to decrease the uptake of Sb in Sb-polluted soils,and their effects on Sb uptake from soil to rice grains were investigated.Our results showed that the combination treatment of 0.05%ZVI and 0.095%BC resulted in a significant decrease(42.8%)in Sb accumulation in rice grains that was comparably more efficient than that by 0.05%ZVI(decrease of 15.8%Sb accumulation)or 0.095%BC(decrease of 12.7%Sb accumulation)alone,demonstrating the synergistic effect of ZVI and BC on mitigating Sb uptake by rice plants.ZVI presence resulted in the formation of iron oxides in the soil and on root surfaces,and the S^(2-)/S_(2)^(2-)ascent also increased by 58.7%on day 75 compared with that of the control,facilitating the reduction of Sb(Ⅴ)to less mobile Sb(Ⅲ),thereby decreasing Sb accumulation in rice plants.BC initially increased themobility of Sb owing to its alkaline nature,whereas the electron shuttle properties of BC contributed to a decrease in Sbmobility.The abundance of the arsenite-reducing gene arrA ultimately increased by 203.2% on day 120 compared with the initial phase on day 5,and BC caused a remarkable increase in arrA gene abundance.This study revealed the synergistic mechanisms by combining ZVI and BC to mitigate Sb uptake by rice,which may be useful for the sustainable remediation of contaminated rice paddies.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in Public Interest in China(201503119-06-01)。
文摘In order to explore the remediation effects of lignite and biochar on Zn-contaminated soil,this experiment studied the impacts of adding lignite and biochar on soil respiration,soil enzyme activity,and organic carbon in Zn-contaminated soil through soil culture experiments,which provided a theoretical basis for the remediation and improvement as well as for the development and utilization of Zn-contaminated soil.The study was an L8(4×2^(2))orthogonal experimental design with eight treatments,in which there were four levels of Zn contamination concentration(Z0:0;Z1:125 mg•kg^(-1);Z2:250 mg•kg^(-1);Z3:500 mg•kg^(-1)),low-Zn(125-250 mg•kg^(-1))and high-Zn(500 mg•kg^(-1)),two levels of lignite(H0:0;H1:13.33 g•kg^(-1)),two levels of biochar(C0:0;C1:3.33 g•kg^(-1)),with four replicates per treatment.The results showed that lignite or biochar and their interaction had extremely significant effects on both respiration rate and accumulation in Zn-contaminated soil.Among the high Zn-contaminated treatments,the mixed application of lignite and biochar(Z3H1C1 treatment)had the fastest soil respiration rate and the highest soil respiration accumulation.Lignite,biochar and their interaction had significant or extremely significant effects on sucrase,catalase and polyphenol oxidase activities in Zn-contaminated soil.Among the high Zn-contaminated treatments(Z3),the addition of biochar alone had the most significant effects on the increase of soil sucrase and catalase enzyme activities,while the mixed application of lignite and biochar had the most significant effects on the increase of soil polyphenol oxidase activity.Lignite,biochar and their interaction had significant or extremely significant effects on the total organic carbon,active organic carbon and microbial carbon content of Zn-contaminated soils.Soil total organic carbon content in general peaked at day 80.Among the high Zn-contaminated treatments,the addition of biochar alone had the most significant effects on the total organic carbon content of the soil,while the mixed application of lignite and biochar had the most significant effect on the microbiomass carbon content.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52200187)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220530160411025)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515030273)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(No.2023JJ10012)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(No.2023JJ10012).
文摘P-arsanilic acid(AA)has received widespread attention because of its conversion to more toxic inorganic arsenic compounds(arsenate and arsenite)in the natural ecosystems.Its removal process and mechanisms with co-existence of microplastics remain unkown.In this study,biochar loaded with nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)particles(ISBC)was prepared by using iron scrap obtained from a steel works and wood chips collected from a wood processing plant.The advanced oxidation system of sodium persulfate(PDS)activated by ISBC was applied for AA degradation and inorganic arsenic control in aqueous media.More than 99%of the AA was completely degraded by the ISBC/PDS system,and the As(III)on AA was almost completely oxidized to As(V)and finally removed by ISBC.HCO_(3)−inhibited the removal of AA by the ISBC/PDS system,while Cl^(−)had a dual effect that showing inhibition at low concentrations yet promotion at high concentrations.The effect of microplastics on the degradation of AA by the ISBC/PDS system was further investigated due to the potential for combined microplastic and organic arsenic contamination in rural/remote areas.Microplastics were found to have little effect on AA degradation in the ISBC/PDS system,while affect the transport of inorganic arsenic generated from AA degradation.Overall,this study provides new insights and methods for efficient removal of p-arsanilic acid from water with coexisting microplastics.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology,Government of Bangladesh。
文摘A controlled pot experiment was carried out to examine the interactive effects of salinity stress and biochar on the growth,nutrient uptake,and soil microbial dynamics of Lablab purpureus.Results showed that wheat husk biochar significantly(p<0.05)enhanced plant growth parameters compared to controls.Plant height increased by c.53%,root length by 37%,fresh weight by 125%,and dry weight by 92%in wheat husk char treated soil under non-saline conditions.Wheat husk char also significantly increased pod number and node count per plant by c.42%and 28%respectively.Nutrient analysis revealed higher concentrations of N(~6%),P(~0.3%),and K(~2%)in wheat husk biochar treatments,while salinity reduced nutrient uptake across all treatments.Although the number of flowers increased by c.75%,the difference was not statistically significant.Although 16S rRNA gene copy numbers did not show significant changes in biochar treatments,enhanced microbial function indicated improved nutrient cycling and ecosystem functionality.Overall,the findings suggest that biochar can mitigate the adverse effects of salinity by improving plant physiological traits and stimulating microbial activity.This highlights biochar’s potential as an ecological tool for sustainable agriculture,biodiversity enhancement,and ecosystem restoration in saline affected areas.
