Animal personalities have been a major focus of behavioral ecology over the past decade. Consistent individual dif ferences in behavior have been found across taxa, and have been shown to influence a range of ecologic...Animal personalities have been a major focus of behavioral ecology over the past decade. Consistent individual dif ferences in behavior have been found across taxa, and have been shown to influence a range of ecological processes. The role of personalities in sexual selection has been considered, and examples exist that show selection for personality traits with both assortative and disassortative mating patterns between personality types. One overlooked aspect of the personality and sexual se lection literature is the potential for personalitysignaling interactions, specifically with complex signaling. Complex signaling is a diverse topic in itself, and in short, consists of multiple signals within one or more modalities that interact to elicit a receiver response. Research into complex signaling has been thorough, although at times studies discover complex signaling systems that fail to fit into one of the existing hypotheses in the literature. Here, we argue that personalities may interact with complex signal ing, which should be considered by researchers of both personality and sexual selection and communication. We describe several ways in which personalitycomplex signaling interactions could affect both the signaler and receiver, and the way in which they may drive personalityspecific signals as well as receiver preferences. Finally, we discuss how considering personality in com plex signaling studies may inform theory as well as improve the ability of researchers to accurately describe its function.展开更多
The key methods of detection and classification of the electroencephalogram(EEG) used in recent years are introduced . Taking EEG for example, the design plan of Kohonen neural network system based on detection and cl...The key methods of detection and classification of the electroencephalogram(EEG) used in recent years are introduced . Taking EEG for example, the design plan of Kohonen neural network system based on detection and classification of complex signals is proposed, and both the network design and signal processing are analyzed, including pre-processing of signals, extraction of signal features, classification of signal and network topology, etc.展开更多
By use of the approach of complex random signal processing, the asymptotic statistical properties of the least square estimates of 2-D exponential signals are studied. In doing so it is found that the representation i...By use of the approach of complex random signal processing, the asymptotic statistical properties of the least square estimates of 2-D exponential signals are studied. In doing so it is found that the representation is considerably more intuitive, and is analytically more tractable.展开更多
Phytomelatonin,an emerging plant hormone,plays vital roles in plant growth,development,and stress adaptation(Arnao et al.,2022;Ullah et al.,2024).It acts both as a direct antioxidant and a signaling molecule,engaging ...Phytomelatonin,an emerging plant hormone,plays vital roles in plant growth,development,and stress adaptation(Arnao et al.,2022;Ullah et al.,2024).It acts both as a direct antioxidant and a signaling molecule,engaging complex networks and interacting with other phytohormones(Liu et al.,2022;Khan et al.,2023).Although phytomelatonin receptors(PMTRs)have been identified in many plants(Wei et al.,2018;Wang et al.,2022;Liu et al.,2025),the downstream signaling mechanisms,particularly receptor-mediated protein modifications and transcriptional regulation,remain poorly characterized.展开更多
Most blind source separation algorithms are only applicable to real signals,while in communication reconnaissance processed signals are complex.To solve this problem,a blind source separation algorithm for communicati...Most blind source separation algorithms are only applicable to real signals,while in communication reconnaissance processed signals are complex.To solve this problem,a blind source separation algorithm for communication complex signals is deduced,which is obtained by adopting the Kullback-Leibler divergence to measure the signals’independence.On the other hand,the performance of natural gradient is better than that of stochastic gradient,thus the natural gradient of the cost function is used to optimize the algorithm.According to the conclusion that the signal’s mixing matrix after whitening is orthogonal,we deduce the iterative algorithm by constraining the separating matrix to an orthogonal matrix.Simulation results show that this algorithm can efficiently separate the source signals even in noise circumstances.展开更多
The removal of Taiwan from the common strategic objectives of the U.S.-Japan alliance could mean much more than a change of wording While U.S.and Japanese top diplomats and defense officials celebrated closer cooperat...The removal of Taiwan from the common strategic objectives of the U.S.-Japan alliance could mean much more than a change of wording While U.S.and Japanese top diplomats and defense officials celebrated closer cooperation forged by their annual meeting展开更多
In view of the fact that complex signals are often used in the digital processing of certain systems such as digital communication and radar systems,a new complex Duffing equation is proposed.In addition,the dynamical...In view of the fact that complex signals are often used in the digital processing of certain systems such as digital communication and radar systems,a new complex Duffing equation is proposed.In addition,the dynamical behaviors are analyzed.By calculating the maximal Lyapunov exponent and power spectrum,we prove that the proposed complex differential equation has a chaotic solution or a large-scale periodic one depending on different parameters.Based on the proposed equation,we present a complex chaotic oscillator detection system of the Duffing type.Such a dynamic system is sensitive to the initial conditions and highly immune to complex white Gaussian noise,so it can be used to detect a weak complex signal against a background of strong noise.Results of the Monte-Carlo simulation show that the proposed detection system can effectively detect complex single frequency signals and linear frequency modulation signals with a guaranteed low false alarm rate.展开更多
Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, the predominant form of dementia, is a chronic, incurable neurodegenerative disorder presenting with symptoms includ- ing progressive memory loss and disturbed emotional state. It has been...Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, the predominant form of dementia, is a chronic, incurable neurodegenerative disorder presenting with symptoms includ- ing progressive memory loss and disturbed emotional state. It has been estimated that dementia affects over 47 million people worldwide （Prince et al., 2015）, and with 60-80% of cases attributable to AD.展开更多
Intra-pulse characteristics of different radar emitter signals reflect on signal waveform by way of changing frequency, phase and amplitude. A novel approach was proposed to extract complexity features of radar emitte...Intra-pulse characteristics of different radar emitter signals reflect on signal waveform by way of changing frequency, phase and amplitude. A novel approach was proposed to extract complexity features of radar emitter signals in a wide range of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and radial basis probability neural network (RBPNN) was used to recognize different radar emitter signals. Complexity features, including Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) and correlation dimension (CD), can measure the complexity and irregularity of signals, which mirrors the intra-pulse modulation laws of radar emitter signals. In an experiment, LZC and CD features of 10 typical radar emitter signals were extracted and RBPNN was applied to identify the 10 radar emitter signals. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is effective and has good application values because average accurate recognition rate is high when SNR varies in a wide range.展开更多
Identifying influential nodes in complex networks is of both theoretical and practical importance. Existing methods identify influential nodes based on their positions in the network and assume that the nodes are homo...Identifying influential nodes in complex networks is of both theoretical and practical importance. Existing methods identify influential nodes based on their positions in the network and assume that the nodes are homogeneous. However, node heterogeneity （i.e., different attributes such as interest, energy, age, and so on ） ubiquitously exists and needs to be taken into consideration. In this paper, we conduct an investigation into node attributes and propose a graph signal pro- cessing based centrality （GSPC） method to identify influential nodes considering both the node attributes and the network topology. We first evaluate our GSPC method using two real-world datasets. The results show that our GSPC method effectively identifies influential nodes, which correspond well with the underlying ground truth. This is compatible to the previous eigenvector centrality and principal component centrality methods under circumstances where the nodes are homogeneous. In addition, spreading analysis shows that the GSPC method has a positive effect on the spreading dynamics.展开更多
The problem of increasing computation in pace with the growth of dimension is discussed for arbitrary dimensional frequency estimation of complex sinusoid signals. The conception of matrix core, the form of which do...The problem of increasing computation in pace with the growth of dimension is discussed for arbitrary dimensional frequency estimation of complex sinusoid signals. The conception of matrix core, the form of which doesnt change with dimension, is put forward. The deduced estimation formula shows that a N dimensional frequency estimation could be obtained by N one dimensional calculations. Obviously, while dimension increases, this method could reduce much computation.展开更多
Based on the constant modulus criterion, a new Widely Linear(WL) blind equalizer and a novel widely linear recursive least square constant modulus algorithm are proposed to improve the blind equalization performance f...Based on the constant modulus criterion, a new Widely Linear(WL) blind equalizer and a novel widely linear recursive least square constant modulus algorithm are proposed to improve the blind equalization performance for complex-valued noncircular signals. The new algorithm takes advantage of the WL filtering theory by taking full use of second-order statistical information of the complex-valued noncircular signals. Therefore, the weight vector contains the complete second-order information of the real and imaginary parts to decrease the residual inter-symbol interference effectively. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the equalization performance for complex-valued noncircular signals compared with traditional blind equalization algorithms.展开更多
In this study, we propose a simple linear least squares estimation method(LLS) based on a Fourier transform to estimate the complex frequency of a harmonic signal. We first use a synthetically-generated noisy time ser...In this study, we propose a simple linear least squares estimation method(LLS) based on a Fourier transform to estimate the complex frequency of a harmonic signal. We first use a synthetically-generated noisy time series to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of LLS by comparing it with the commonly used linear autoregressive method(AR). For an input frequency of 0.5 m Hz, the calculated deviations from the theoretical value were 0.004‰and 0.008‰ for the LLS and AR methods respectively; and for an input 5 10 6attenuation,the calculated deviations for the LLS and AR methods were 2.4% and 1.6%. Though the theory of the AR method is more complex than that of LLS, the results show LLS is a useful alternative method. Finally, we use LLS to estimate the complex frequencies of the five singlets of the0S2 mode of the Earth’s free oscillation. Not only are the results consistent with previous studies, the method has high estimation precisions, which may prove helpful in determining constraints on the Earth’s interior structures.展开更多
To illustrate the involvement of tubulobulbar complexes (TBC) in ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of unnecessary proteins in the head cytoplasm of late spermatids, the localization of polyubiquitin and proteasome was ...To illustrate the involvement of tubulobulbar complexes (TBC) in ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of unnecessary proteins in the head cytoplasm of late spermatids, the localization of polyubiquitin and proteasome was studied by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Polyubiquitin localized to TBC and proteasome subunit α to dense materials surrounding the TBC in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cell enwrapping sickle-shaped spermatid heads. The results suggest that the TBC is a structural device for ubiquin-proteasome degradation of unnecessary proteins in the cytoplasm of spermatid head during rapid reduction of the head cytoplasm and nuclear compaction of late spermatids.展开更多
文摘Animal personalities have been a major focus of behavioral ecology over the past decade. Consistent individual dif ferences in behavior have been found across taxa, and have been shown to influence a range of ecological processes. The role of personalities in sexual selection has been considered, and examples exist that show selection for personality traits with both assortative and disassortative mating patterns between personality types. One overlooked aspect of the personality and sexual se lection literature is the potential for personalitysignaling interactions, specifically with complex signaling. Complex signaling is a diverse topic in itself, and in short, consists of multiple signals within one or more modalities that interact to elicit a receiver response. Research into complex signaling has been thorough, although at times studies discover complex signaling systems that fail to fit into one of the existing hypotheses in the literature. Here, we argue that personalities may interact with complex signal ing, which should be considered by researchers of both personality and sexual selection and communication. We describe several ways in which personalitycomplex signaling interactions could affect both the signaler and receiver, and the way in which they may drive personalityspecific signals as well as receiver preferences. Finally, we discuss how considering personality in com plex signaling studies may inform theory as well as improve the ability of researchers to accurately describe its function.
文摘The key methods of detection and classification of the electroencephalogram(EEG) used in recent years are introduced . Taking EEG for example, the design plan of Kohonen neural network system based on detection and classification of complex signals is proposed, and both the network design and signal processing are analyzed, including pre-processing of signals, extraction of signal features, classification of signal and network topology, etc.
文摘By use of the approach of complex random signal processing, the asymptotic statistical properties of the least square estimates of 2-D exponential signals are studied. In doing so it is found that the representation is considerably more intuitive, and is analytically more tractable.
基金supported by the grants from the Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region in China(Grant No.2023B02017)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFD2300703)+1 种基金the financial support from the Beijing Rural Revitalization Agricultural Science and Technology Project(Grant No.NY2401080000),BAIC01-2025the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘Phytomelatonin,an emerging plant hormone,plays vital roles in plant growth,development,and stress adaptation(Arnao et al.,2022;Ullah et al.,2024).It acts both as a direct antioxidant and a signaling molecule,engaging complex networks and interacting with other phytohormones(Liu et al.,2022;Khan et al.,2023).Although phytomelatonin receptors(PMTRs)have been identified in many plants(Wei et al.,2018;Wang et al.,2022;Liu et al.,2025),the downstream signaling mechanisms,particularly receptor-mediated protein modifications and transcriptional regulation,remain poorly characterized.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60672038).
文摘Most blind source separation algorithms are only applicable to real signals,while in communication reconnaissance processed signals are complex.To solve this problem,a blind source separation algorithm for communication complex signals is deduced,which is obtained by adopting the Kullback-Leibler divergence to measure the signals’independence.On the other hand,the performance of natural gradient is better than that of stochastic gradient,thus the natural gradient of the cost function is used to optimize the algorithm.According to the conclusion that the signal’s mixing matrix after whitening is orthogonal,we deduce the iterative algorithm by constraining the separating matrix to an orthogonal matrix.Simulation results show that this algorithm can efficiently separate the source signals even in noise circumstances.
文摘The removal of Taiwan from the common strategic objectives of the U.S.-Japan alliance could mean much more than a change of wording While U.S.and Japanese top diplomats and defense officials celebrated closer cooperation forged by their annual meeting
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40804022,61032009 and 61001198)
文摘In view of the fact that complex signals are often used in the digital processing of certain systems such as digital communication and radar systems,a new complex Duffing equation is proposed.In addition,the dynamical behaviors are analyzed.By calculating the maximal Lyapunov exponent and power spectrum,we prove that the proposed complex differential equation has a chaotic solution or a large-scale periodic one depending on different parameters.Based on the proposed equation,we present a complex chaotic oscillator detection system of the Duffing type.Such a dynamic system is sensitive to the initial conditions and highly immune to complex white Gaussian noise,so it can be used to detect a weak complex signal against a background of strong noise.Results of the Monte-Carlo simulation show that the proposed detection system can effectively detect complex single frequency signals and linear frequency modulation signals with a guaranteed low false alarm rate.
文摘Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, the predominant form of dementia, is a chronic, incurable neurodegenerative disorder presenting with symptoms includ- ing progressive memory loss and disturbed emotional state. It has been estimated that dementia affects over 47 million people worldwide （Prince et al., 2015）, and with 60-80% of cases attributable to AD.
基金TheNationalDefenceFoundation (No .NEWL5 14 35QT2 2 0 4 0 1) ,theDoctoralInnovationFoundationofSWJTU ,andtheMainTeacherSponsorProgramoftheMinistryofEducationofChina (No .6 5 ,2 0 0 0 )
文摘Intra-pulse characteristics of different radar emitter signals reflect on signal waveform by way of changing frequency, phase and amplitude. A novel approach was proposed to extract complexity features of radar emitter signals in a wide range of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and radial basis probability neural network (RBPNN) was used to recognize different radar emitter signals. Complexity features, including Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) and correlation dimension (CD), can measure the complexity and irregularity of signals, which mirrors the intra-pulse modulation laws of radar emitter signals. In an experiment, LZC and CD features of 10 typical radar emitter signals were extracted and RBPNN was applied to identify the 10 radar emitter signals. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is effective and has good application values because average accurate recognition rate is high when SNR varies in a wide range.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61231010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.HUST No.2012QN076)
文摘Identifying influential nodes in complex networks is of both theoretical and practical importance. Existing methods identify influential nodes based on their positions in the network and assume that the nodes are homogeneous. However, node heterogeneity （i.e., different attributes such as interest, energy, age, and so on ） ubiquitously exists and needs to be taken into consideration. In this paper, we conduct an investigation into node attributes and propose a graph signal pro- cessing based centrality （GSPC） method to identify influential nodes considering both the node attributes and the network topology. We first evaluate our GSPC method using two real-world datasets. The results show that our GSPC method effectively identifies influential nodes, which correspond well with the underlying ground truth. This is compatible to the previous eigenvector centrality and principal component centrality methods under circumstances where the nodes are homogeneous. In addition, spreading analysis shows that the GSPC method has a positive effect on the spreading dynamics.
文摘The problem of increasing computation in pace with the growth of dimension is discussed for arbitrary dimensional frequency estimation of complex sinusoid signals. The conception of matrix core, the form of which doesnt change with dimension, is put forward. The deduced estimation formula shows that a N dimensional frequency estimation could be obtained by N one dimensional calculations. Obviously, while dimension increases, this method could reduce much computation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61072046)the Basic Scientific and Technological Frontier Project of Henan Province(No.1123004100322)
文摘Based on the constant modulus criterion, a new Widely Linear(WL) blind equalizer and a novel widely linear recursive least square constant modulus algorithm are proposed to improve the blind equalization performance for complex-valued noncircular signals. The new algorithm takes advantage of the WL filtering theory by taking full use of second-order statistical information of the complex-valued noncircular signals. Therefore, the weight vector contains the complete second-order information of the real and imaginary parts to decrease the residual inter-symbol interference effectively. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the equalization performance for complex-valued noncircular signals compared with traditional blind equalization algorithms.
基金supported by National 973 Project China (2013CB733302,2013CB733305)NSFCs (41174011, 41429401, 41210006, 41128003, 41021061)
文摘In this study, we propose a simple linear least squares estimation method(LLS) based on a Fourier transform to estimate the complex frequency of a harmonic signal. We first use a synthetically-generated noisy time series to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of LLS by comparing it with the commonly used linear autoregressive method(AR). For an input frequency of 0.5 m Hz, the calculated deviations from the theoretical value were 0.004‰and 0.008‰ for the LLS and AR methods respectively; and for an input 5 10 6attenuation,the calculated deviations for the LLS and AR methods were 2.4% and 1.6%. Though the theory of the AR method is more complex than that of LLS, the results show LLS is a useful alternative method. Finally, we use LLS to estimate the complex frequencies of the five singlets of the0S2 mode of the Earth’s free oscillation. Not only are the results consistent with previous studies, the method has high estimation precisions, which may prove helpful in determining constraints on the Earth’s interior structures.
文摘To illustrate the involvement of tubulobulbar complexes (TBC) in ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of unnecessary proteins in the head cytoplasm of late spermatids, the localization of polyubiquitin and proteasome was studied by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Polyubiquitin localized to TBC and proteasome subunit α to dense materials surrounding the TBC in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cell enwrapping sickle-shaped spermatid heads. The results suggest that the TBC is a structural device for ubiquin-proteasome degradation of unnecessary proteins in the cytoplasm of spermatid head during rapid reduction of the head cytoplasm and nuclear compaction of late spermatids.
