The complexation between styrene (St) and N-phenylmaleimide (PMI) was investigated by H-1-NMR spectroscopy, and the existence of a complex was proved. The equilibrium constant of St/PMI in chloroform at 50 degrees C w...The complexation between styrene (St) and N-phenylmaleimide (PMI) was investigated by H-1-NMR spectroscopy, and the existence of a complex was proved. The equilibrium constant of St/PMI in chloroform at 50 degrees C was determined to be 0.27. New elementary propagation reactions were proposed. On the basis of the propagation elementary reactions for copolymerization with the participation of a charge-transfer complex (CTC), a method for measuring the reactivity ratios is presented. Four reactivity ratios and relative reactivities of free monomer and CTC were obtained. They are r(12) = 0.034, r(21) = 0.012, r(1C) = 0.0030, r(2C) = 0.0034, and k(1C)/k(12) = 11.34, k(2C)/k(21) = 3.42.展开更多
This paper gives a mathematical approach to calculate the fractionation factor of isotopes in a general cluster (also known as?super-molecule), which composes of necessary chemical effect within three bonds outside th...This paper gives a mathematical approach to calculate the fractionation factor of isotopes in a general cluster (also known as?super-molecule), which composes of necessary chemical effect within three bonds outside the interested atom(s). The cluster might have imaginary frequencies after being optimized in quantum softwares. The approach includes the contribution of the difference, which is resulted from the substitution of heavy and light isotopes in the cluster, of vibrations of imaginary frequencies to give precise prediction of isotope fractionation factor. We call the new mathematical approximation “reduced partition function ratio in the frequency complex plane (RPFRC)”. If there is no imaginary frequency for a cluster, RPFRC?is simplified to be Urey (1947) or Bigeleisen and Mayer (1947) formula. Final results of this new algorithm are in good agreement with those in earlier studies.展开更多
The Golden Ratio Theorem, deeply rooted in fractal mathematics, presents a pioneering perspective on deciphering complex systems. It draws a profound connection between the principles of interchangeability, self-simil...The Golden Ratio Theorem, deeply rooted in fractal mathematics, presents a pioneering perspective on deciphering complex systems. It draws a profound connection between the principles of interchangeability, self-similarity, and the mathematical elegance of the Golden Ratio. This research unravels a unique methodological paradigm, emphasizing the omnipresence of the Golden Ratio in shaping system dynamics. The novelty of this study stems from its detailed exposition of self-similarity and interchangeability, transforming them from mere abstract notions into actionable, concrete insights. By highlighting the fractal nature of the Golden Ratio, the implications of these revelations become far-reaching, heralding new avenues for both theoretical advancements and pragmatic applications across a spectrum of scientific disciplines.展开更多
Introduction Paclitaxel （as Taxol） is a kind of diterpenoid natural product extracted from Chinese yew. It has been reported to have high anti-tumor effects, such as the activity against oophorama, mammary cancer, ...Introduction Paclitaxel （as Taxol） is a kind of diterpenoid natural product extracted from Chinese yew. It has been reported to have high anti-tumor effects, such as the activity against oophorama, mammary cancer, encephaloma, cervical carcinoma, and non- small-cell lung carcinoma. One of the major problems of paclitaxel applied to therapy is its extremely low solubility in water. In addition, paclitaxel is administered as a slow infusion in a vehicle consisting of Cremophor EL （ polyoxyethylated castor oil ）. However, Cremophor has been observed to cause severe, occasionally fatal hypersensitivity reactions in animals and humans. Therefore, paclitaxel therapy includes a prophylactic regimen of antihistamines and corticosteroids , along with a prolonged infusion time to reduce the severity and incidence of hypersensitivity reactions. Because of the reasons mentioned above, currently its preparation needs to be improved further.展开更多
The Beishan area has more than seventy mafic-ultramafic complexes sparsely distributed in the area and is of a big potential in mineral resources related to mafic-ultramafic intrusions. Many mafic-ultramafic intrusion...The Beishan area has more than seventy mafic-ultramafic complexes sparsely distributed in the area and is of a big potential in mineral resources related to mafic-ultramafic intrusions. Many mafic-ultramafic intrusions which are mostly in small sizes have been omitted by previous works. This research takes Huitongshan as the study area, which is a major district for mafic-ultramafic occurrences in Beishan. Advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer（ASTER） data have been processed and interpreted for mapping the mafic-ultramafic complex. ASTER data were processed by different techniques that were selected based on image reflectance and laboratory emissivity spectra. The visible near-infrared（VNIR） and short wave infrared（SWIR） data were transformed using band ratios and minimum noise fraction（MNF）, while the thermal infrared（TIR） data were processed using mafic index（MI） and principal components analysis（PCA）. ASTER band ratios（6/8, 5/4, 2/1） in RGB image and MNF（1, 2, 4） in RGB image were powerful in distinguishing the subtle differences between the various rock units. PCA applied to all five bands of ASTER TIR imagery highlighted marked differences among the mafic rock units and was more effective than the MI in differentiating mafic-ultramafic rocks. Our results were consistent with information derived from local geological maps. Based on the remote sensing results and field inspection, eleven gabbroic intrusions and a pyroxenite occurrence were recognized for the first time. A new geologic map of the Huitongshan area was created by integrating the results of remote sensing, previous geological maps and field inspection. It is concluded that the workflow of ASTER image processing, interpretation and ground inspection has great potential for mafic-ultramafic rocks identifying and relevant mineral targeting in the sparsely vegetated arid region of northwestern China.展开更多
This paper introduced basic situation and challenges of Block 9, Dongdajie, Chengdu City, expounded basic definition and design concept of "place making", briefed the design scheme from three aspects, namely...This paper introduced basic situation and challenges of Block 9, Dongdajie, Chengdu City, expounded basic definition and design concept of "place making", briefed the design scheme from three aspects, namely planning layout, space environment and architectural style, and concluded the application of the idea of "place making" in Block 9 design scheme in view of the multi-functional urban complex with high plot ratio.展开更多
On-line partial discharge(PD)detection still remains a very challenging task because of the strong electromagnetic interferences.In this paper,a new method of de-noising,using complex Daubechies wavelet(CDW)transform,...On-line partial discharge(PD)detection still remains a very challenging task because of the strong electromagnetic interferences.In this paper,a new method of de-noising,using complex Daubechies wavelet(CDW)transform,has been proposed.It is a relatively recent enhancement to the real-valued wavelet transform because of tow important properties,which are nearly shift-invariant and availability of phase information.Those properties give CDW transform superiority over other real-valued wavelet transform,and then the construction algorithm of CDW is introduced in detail.Secondly,based on the real threshold algorithm of real-valued wavelet transform,complex threshold algorithm is devised.This algorithm take the different characteristics of real part and imaginary part of complex wavelet coefficients into account,it modifies the real and imaginary parts of complex wavelet coefficients respectively.Thirdly,to obtain a real de-noised signal,new combined information series is devised.By applying different combination of real part and imaginary part of de-noised complex signal,a real de-noised signal can be restored with higher peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)and less distortion of original signals.Finally,On-site applications of extracting PD signals from noisy background by the optimal de-noising scheme based on CDW are illustrated.The on-site experimental results show that the optimal de-noising scheme is an effective way to suppress white noise in PD measurement.展开更多
The effects of complex microorganisms in composting process of the municipal solid waste (MSW) and sludge were examined through inspecting biomass, temperature, oxygen consumption, organic mater, and C/N (the ratio of...The effects of complex microorganisms in composting process of the municipal solid waste (MSW) and sludge were examined through inspecting biomass, temperature, oxygen consumption, organic mater, and C/N (the ratio of carbon and nitrogen). The experimental results shows: complex microorganisms are effective to compose organic matter and speedup composting change into humus.展开更多
Establishment of phosphate (P) retention and release capacity of soils is essential for effective nutrient management and environmental protection. In this experiment, we studied the influence of soil properties on P ...Establishment of phosphate (P) retention and release capacity of soils is essential for effective nutrient management and environmental protection. In this experiment, we studied the influence of soil properties on P desorption and the relationship between phosphate sorption and desorption. Among the soil series, the Ghior soil had the highest percent clay (59.32%) and free iron oxide (15241 mg·kg–1) content. Along the catena of the calcareous soils, percent clay contents increased. For sorption study, the soils were equilibrated with 0.01 M CaCl2 solution containing 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg·P·L–1 solution. For desorption, three extractants namely, SO42- (0.005 M) as Na2SO4, HCO3- (0.01 M) as NaHCO3 and distilled water were used at extractant to soil ratios of 30:1, 60:1 and 100:1 (v/w). Among the sorption equations, the Langmuir equation showed better fit to the sorption data at higher P concentrations. The amount of phosphate desorbed by all the three extractants increased significantly with the increasing extractant to soil ratios. Phosphate desorption by and water molecules was highly correlated with pH, percent clay and free iron oxide content of the soil. Significant positive correlation (r > 0.64, P L). Phosphate desorption by SO42- and water molecules was also positively correlated with Freundlich constant, N (r > 0.67, P 0 (r > 0.72, P –0.77, P L). The results suggest that freshly sorbed phosphate ions (inner-sphere complex forming species) can be readily desobed by outer-sphere complex forming species like sulphate and bicarbonate ions. Water molecules also desorbed significant amount of freshly sorbed phosphate from the soil colloids.展开更多
The complexes of poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) network with poly(ethylene glycol) stabilized byhydrogen bonds were prepared. By introducing the poly(ethylene glycol), a large difference in storage modu...The complexes of poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) network with poly(ethylene glycol) stabilized byhydrogen bonds were prepared. By introducing the poly(ethylene glycol), a large difference in storage modulus below andabove the glass transition temperature occurred and the complexes exhibited shape memory behaviors. The morphology ofcomplexes was studied by using DSC, WAXD, and DMA. The results indicate that the fixed phase of this kind of novelshape memory materials is the network, and the reversible phase is the amorphous state of PEG:PMAA complex phase. Theshape recoverability almost reaches 100%. This type of complexes can be regarded as a novel shape memory network.展开更多
The spectrophotometric characteristic of a new reagent 1, 4, 9, 12-tetraaza Cyclo-2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15 tetrabenzocetanan-5, 8, 13, 16-tetraone (TCTCT) and its complex with Cu(Ⅱ) were studied. The reagent and i...The spectrophotometric characteristic of a new reagent 1, 4, 9, 12-tetraaza Cyclo-2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15 tetrabenzocetanan-5, 8, 13, 16-tetraone (TCTCT) and its complex with Cu(Ⅱ) were studied. The reagent and its complex with Cu(Ⅱ) have a similar maximum absorbance at 446 um. In C6H4(C2O4HK)-NaOH buffer (pH=4.00), the complex of Cu(Ⅱ)-TCTCT formed when it was heated. The absorbance increased with the increase of the concentration of Cu(Ⅱ) in the range of 1 .6x10-7-5.5x 10-5 mol/L. The composition ratio of the complex was formed to be 1: 1 using the molar ratio method. The method was simple, rapid and sensitive, giving an apparent molar absorptivity of 1.25x105 L mol-1 cm-1 and the apparent stability constant of 1 .04x106. The method was directly applied of copper in fresh milk.展开更多
当前大语言模型在二进制逆向工程领域的应用面临两大挑战:缺乏统一的量化评估指标,以及现有训练数据集与真实场景存在差距。针对这些问题,本研究提出了基于圈复杂度比的新型评估指标,并系统地探索了大语言模型在逆向工程任务中的优化方...当前大语言模型在二进制逆向工程领域的应用面临两大挑战:缺乏统一的量化评估指标,以及现有训练数据集与真实场景存在差距。针对这些问题,本研究提出了基于圈复杂度比的新型评估指标,并系统地探索了大语言模型在逆向工程任务中的优化方法。研究构建了包含782个编译单元的来源于CTF竞赛真实题目和人工编译项目的数据集,覆盖了GCC编译器O0—O3四个优化级别。实验结果表明,采用新数据集微调的大语言模型LLM4Decompile(Large Language Model for Decompilation)在圈复杂度比指标上表现突出。该指标通过计算生成代码与源代码的圈复杂度比值,量化逆向工程结果的结构相似性。微调后的模型圈复杂度比平均下降39.4%,其中O0级别下降36%(0.81→0.52), O1级别下降51.25%(0.80→0.39),O2级别下降28.8%(0.80→0.57),O3级别下降38%(0.79→0.49)。本研究证实了圈复杂度比作为逆向工程评估指标的有效性,验证了大语言模型在低层次代码理解任务中的潜力。展开更多
文摘The complexation between styrene (St) and N-phenylmaleimide (PMI) was investigated by H-1-NMR spectroscopy, and the existence of a complex was proved. The equilibrium constant of St/PMI in chloroform at 50 degrees C was determined to be 0.27. New elementary propagation reactions were proposed. On the basis of the propagation elementary reactions for copolymerization with the participation of a charge-transfer complex (CTC), a method for measuring the reactivity ratios is presented. Four reactivity ratios and relative reactivities of free monomer and CTC were obtained. They are r(12) = 0.034, r(21) = 0.012, r(1C) = 0.0030, r(2C) = 0.0034, and k(1C)/k(12) = 11.34, k(2C)/k(21) = 3.42.
文摘This paper gives a mathematical approach to calculate the fractionation factor of isotopes in a general cluster (also known as?super-molecule), which composes of necessary chemical effect within three bonds outside the interested atom(s). The cluster might have imaginary frequencies after being optimized in quantum softwares. The approach includes the contribution of the difference, which is resulted from the substitution of heavy and light isotopes in the cluster, of vibrations of imaginary frequencies to give precise prediction of isotope fractionation factor. We call the new mathematical approximation “reduced partition function ratio in the frequency complex plane (RPFRC)”. If there is no imaginary frequency for a cluster, RPFRC?is simplified to be Urey (1947) or Bigeleisen and Mayer (1947) formula. Final results of this new algorithm are in good agreement with those in earlier studies.
文摘The Golden Ratio Theorem, deeply rooted in fractal mathematics, presents a pioneering perspective on deciphering complex systems. It draws a profound connection between the principles of interchangeability, self-similarity, and the mathematical elegance of the Golden Ratio. This research unravels a unique methodological paradigm, emphasizing the omnipresence of the Golden Ratio in shaping system dynamics. The novelty of this study stems from its detailed exposition of self-similarity and interchangeability, transforming them from mere abstract notions into actionable, concrete insights. By highlighting the fractal nature of the Golden Ratio, the implications of these revelations become far-reaching, heralding new avenues for both theoretical advancements and pragmatic applications across a spectrum of scientific disciplines.
文摘Introduction Paclitaxel （as Taxol） is a kind of diterpenoid natural product extracted from Chinese yew. It has been reported to have high anti-tumor effects, such as the activity against oophorama, mammary cancer, encephaloma, cervical carcinoma, and non- small-cell lung carcinoma. One of the major problems of paclitaxel applied to therapy is its extremely low solubility in water. In addition, paclitaxel is administered as a slow infusion in a vehicle consisting of Cremophor EL （ polyoxyethylated castor oil ）. However, Cremophor has been observed to cause severe, occasionally fatal hypersensitivity reactions in animals and humans. Therefore, paclitaxel therapy includes a prophylactic regimen of antihistamines and corticosteroids , along with a prolonged infusion time to reduce the severity and incidence of hypersensitivity reactions. Because of the reasons mentioned above, currently its preparation needs to be improved further.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Colleges (Nos. 2014G1271060, 2013G1271103)Chang’an University, China and the High Resolution Earth Observation Systems of National Science and Technology Major Projects
文摘The Beishan area has more than seventy mafic-ultramafic complexes sparsely distributed in the area and is of a big potential in mineral resources related to mafic-ultramafic intrusions. Many mafic-ultramafic intrusions which are mostly in small sizes have been omitted by previous works. This research takes Huitongshan as the study area, which is a major district for mafic-ultramafic occurrences in Beishan. Advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer（ASTER） data have been processed and interpreted for mapping the mafic-ultramafic complex. ASTER data were processed by different techniques that were selected based on image reflectance and laboratory emissivity spectra. The visible near-infrared（VNIR） and short wave infrared（SWIR） data were transformed using band ratios and minimum noise fraction（MNF）, while the thermal infrared（TIR） data were processed using mafic index（MI） and principal components analysis（PCA）. ASTER band ratios（6/8, 5/4, 2/1） in RGB image and MNF（1, 2, 4） in RGB image were powerful in distinguishing the subtle differences between the various rock units. PCA applied to all five bands of ASTER TIR imagery highlighted marked differences among the mafic rock units and was more effective than the MI in differentiating mafic-ultramafic rocks. Our results were consistent with information derived from local geological maps. Based on the remote sensing results and field inspection, eleven gabbroic intrusions and a pyroxenite occurrence were recognized for the first time. A new geologic map of the Huitongshan area was created by integrating the results of remote sensing, previous geological maps and field inspection. It is concluded that the workflow of ASTER image processing, interpretation and ground inspection has great potential for mafic-ultramafic rocks identifying and relevant mineral targeting in the sparsely vegetated arid region of northwestern China.
文摘This paper introduced basic situation and challenges of Block 9, Dongdajie, Chengdu City, expounded basic definition and design concept of "place making", briefed the design scheme from three aspects, namely planning layout, space environment and architectural style, and concluded the application of the idea of "place making" in Block 9 design scheme in view of the multi-functional urban complex with high plot ratio.
基金Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation China（50577069）, National Grid Company （2004-SGKJ）.
文摘On-line partial discharge(PD)detection still remains a very challenging task because of the strong electromagnetic interferences.In this paper,a new method of de-noising,using complex Daubechies wavelet(CDW)transform,has been proposed.It is a relatively recent enhancement to the real-valued wavelet transform because of tow important properties,which are nearly shift-invariant and availability of phase information.Those properties give CDW transform superiority over other real-valued wavelet transform,and then the construction algorithm of CDW is introduced in detail.Secondly,based on the real threshold algorithm of real-valued wavelet transform,complex threshold algorithm is devised.This algorithm take the different characteristics of real part and imaginary part of complex wavelet coefficients into account,it modifies the real and imaginary parts of complex wavelet coefficients respectively.Thirdly,to obtain a real de-noised signal,new combined information series is devised.By applying different combination of real part and imaginary part of de-noised complex signal,a real de-noised signal can be restored with higher peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)and less distortion of original signals.Finally,On-site applications of extracting PD signals from noisy background by the optimal de-noising scheme based on CDW are illustrated.The on-site experimental results show that the optimal de-noising scheme is an effective way to suppress white noise in PD measurement.
文摘The effects of complex microorganisms in composting process of the municipal solid waste (MSW) and sludge were examined through inspecting biomass, temperature, oxygen consumption, organic mater, and C/N (the ratio of carbon and nitrogen). The experimental results shows: complex microorganisms are effective to compose organic matter and speedup composting change into humus.
文摘Establishment of phosphate (P) retention and release capacity of soils is essential for effective nutrient management and environmental protection. In this experiment, we studied the influence of soil properties on P desorption and the relationship between phosphate sorption and desorption. Among the soil series, the Ghior soil had the highest percent clay (59.32%) and free iron oxide (15241 mg·kg–1) content. Along the catena of the calcareous soils, percent clay contents increased. For sorption study, the soils were equilibrated with 0.01 M CaCl2 solution containing 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg·P·L–1 solution. For desorption, three extractants namely, SO42- (0.005 M) as Na2SO4, HCO3- (0.01 M) as NaHCO3 and distilled water were used at extractant to soil ratios of 30:1, 60:1 and 100:1 (v/w). Among the sorption equations, the Langmuir equation showed better fit to the sorption data at higher P concentrations. The amount of phosphate desorbed by all the three extractants increased significantly with the increasing extractant to soil ratios. Phosphate desorption by and water molecules was highly correlated with pH, percent clay and free iron oxide content of the soil. Significant positive correlation (r > 0.64, P L). Phosphate desorption by SO42- and water molecules was also positively correlated with Freundlich constant, N (r > 0.67, P 0 (r > 0.72, P –0.77, P L). The results suggest that freshly sorbed phosphate ions (inner-sphere complex forming species) can be readily desobed by outer-sphere complex forming species like sulphate and bicarbonate ions. Water molecules also desorbed significant amount of freshly sorbed phosphate from the soil colloids.
文摘The complexes of poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) network with poly(ethylene glycol) stabilized byhydrogen bonds were prepared. By introducing the poly(ethylene glycol), a large difference in storage modulus below andabove the glass transition temperature occurred and the complexes exhibited shape memory behaviors. The morphology ofcomplexes was studied by using DSC, WAXD, and DMA. The results indicate that the fixed phase of this kind of novelshape memory materials is the network, and the reversible phase is the amorphous state of PEG:PMAA complex phase. Theshape recoverability almost reaches 100%. This type of complexes can be regarded as a novel shape memory network.
基金The work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the New Materials Study Project of Northwest Normal University, China.
文摘The spectrophotometric characteristic of a new reagent 1, 4, 9, 12-tetraaza Cyclo-2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15 tetrabenzocetanan-5, 8, 13, 16-tetraone (TCTCT) and its complex with Cu(Ⅱ) were studied. The reagent and its complex with Cu(Ⅱ) have a similar maximum absorbance at 446 um. In C6H4(C2O4HK)-NaOH buffer (pH=4.00), the complex of Cu(Ⅱ)-TCTCT formed when it was heated. The absorbance increased with the increase of the concentration of Cu(Ⅱ) in the range of 1 .6x10-7-5.5x 10-5 mol/L. The composition ratio of the complex was formed to be 1: 1 using the molar ratio method. The method was simple, rapid and sensitive, giving an apparent molar absorptivity of 1.25x105 L mol-1 cm-1 and the apparent stability constant of 1 .04x106. The method was directly applied of copper in fresh milk.
文摘当前大语言模型在二进制逆向工程领域的应用面临两大挑战:缺乏统一的量化评估指标,以及现有训练数据集与真实场景存在差距。针对这些问题,本研究提出了基于圈复杂度比的新型评估指标,并系统地探索了大语言模型在逆向工程任务中的优化方法。研究构建了包含782个编译单元的来源于CTF竞赛真实题目和人工编译项目的数据集,覆盖了GCC编译器O0—O3四个优化级别。实验结果表明,采用新数据集微调的大语言模型LLM4Decompile(Large Language Model for Decompilation)在圈复杂度比指标上表现突出。该指标通过计算生成代码与源代码的圈复杂度比值,量化逆向工程结果的结构相似性。微调后的模型圈复杂度比平均下降39.4%,其中O0级别下降36%(0.81→0.52), O1级别下降51.25%(0.80→0.39),O2级别下降28.8%(0.80→0.57),O3级别下降38%(0.79→0.49)。本研究证实了圈复杂度比作为逆向工程评估指标的有效性,验证了大语言模型在低层次代码理解任务中的潜力。
