Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be difficult.The concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pP...Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be difficult.The concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pPyFHSS)is more flexible in this regard than other theoretical fuzzy set-like models,even though some attempts have been made in the literature to address such uncertainties.This study investigates the elementary notions of pPyFHSS including its set-theoretic operations union,intersection,complement,OR-and AND-operations.Some results related to these operations are also modified for pPyFHSS.Additionally,the similarity measures between pPyFHSSs are formulated with the assistance of numerical examples and results.Lastly,an intelligent decision-assisted mechanism is developed with the proposal of a robust algorithm based on similarity measures for solving multi-attribute decision-making(MADM)problems.A case study that helps the decision-makers assess the best educational institution is discussed to validate the suggested system.The algorithmic results are compared with the most pertinent model to evaluate the adaptability of pPyFHSS,as it generalizes the classical possibility fuzzy set-like theoretical models.Similarly,while considering significant evaluating factors,the flexibility of pPyFHSS is observed through structural comparison.展开更多
Although fuzzy set concepts have evolved,neutrosophic sets are attractingmore attention due to the greater power of the structure of neutrosophic sets.The ability to account for components that are true,false or neith...Although fuzzy set concepts have evolved,neutrosophic sets are attractingmore attention due to the greater power of the structure of neutrosophic sets.The ability to account for components that are true,false or neither true nor false is useful in the resolution of real-life problems.However,simultaneous variations render neutrosophic sets unsuitable in specific circumstances.To enable the management of these sorts of issues,we combine the principle of multi-valued neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets and complex fuzzy sets to develop the principle of multivalued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets.Multi-valued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets can contain grades of truth,abstinence,and falsity,and uncertain linguistic terms,which are expressed as complex numbers whose real and imaginary parts are limited to the unit interval.Some important Dombi laws are elaborated along with Bonferroni mean operators,which offer a flexible general structure with modifiable factors.Bonferroni means aggregation operators perform a significant role in conveying the magnitude level of options and characteristics.To determine relationships among any number of attributes,we develop multi-valued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic Dombi-normalized weighted Bonferroni mean operators and discuss their important properties with some special cases.By using these laws,we can deploy themulti-attribute decisionmaking(MADM)technique using the novel principle of multi-valued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets.To determine the power and flexibility of the elaborated approach,we resolve some numerical examples based on the proposed operator.Finally,the work is validated with the help of comparative analysis,a discussion of its advantages,and geometric expressions of the elaborated theories.展开更多
In this paper,sine trigonometry operational laws(ST-OLs)have been extended to neutrosophic sets(NSs)and the operations and functionality of these laws are studied.Then,extending these ST-OLs to complex neutrosophic se...In this paper,sine trigonometry operational laws(ST-OLs)have been extended to neutrosophic sets(NSs)and the operations and functionality of these laws are studied.Then,extending these ST-OLs to complex neutrosophic sets(CNSs)forms the core of thiswork.Some of themathematical properties are proved based on ST-OLs.Fundamental operations and the distance measures between complex neutrosophic numbers(CNNs)based on the ST-OLs are discussed with numerical illustrations.Further the arithmetic and geometric aggregation operators are established and their properties are verified with numerical data.The general properties of the developed sine trigonometry weighted averaging/geometric aggregation operators for CNNs(ST-WAAO-CNN&ST-WGAO-CNN)are proved.A decision making technique based on these operators has been developed with the help of unsupervised criteria weighting approach called Entropy-ST-OLs-CNDM(complex neutrosophic decision making)method.A case study for material selection has been chosen to demonstrate the ST-OLs of CNDM method.To check the validity of the proposed method,entropy based complex neutrosophic CODAS approach with ST-OLs has been executed numerically and a comparative analysis with the discussion of their outcomes has been conducted.The proposed approach proves to be salient and effective for decision making with complex information.展开更多
The problem of strong uniqueness of best approximation from an RS set in a Banach space is considered. For a fixed RS set G and an element x∈X , we proved that the best approximation g * to x from ...The problem of strong uniqueness of best approximation from an RS set in a Banach space is considered. For a fixed RS set G and an element x∈X , we proved that the best approximation g * to x from G is strongly unique.展开更多
Abstract Recently, much attention has been paid to the reliability and vulnerability of critical infrastructure. In air traffic systems, the vulnerability analysis for airport networks can be used to guide air traffic...Abstract Recently, much attention has been paid to the reliability and vulnerability of critical infrastructure. In air traffic systems, the vulnerability analysis for airport networks can be used to guide air traffic administrations in their prioritization of the maintenance and repair of airports, as well as to avoid unnecessary disturbances in the planning of flight schedules. In this paper, the evaluation methods of airport importance and network efficiency arc established. Firstly, the evaluation indices of airport importance are proposed from both the topological and functional perspectives. The topological characteristics come from the structure of airport network and the functional features stem from the traffic flow distribution taking place inside the network. Secondly, an integrated evaluation method based on fuzzy soft set theory is proposed to identify the key airports, which can fuse together importance indices over different time intervals. Thirdly, an airport network efficiency method is established for the purpose of assessing the accuracy of the evaluation method. Finally, empirical studies using real traffic data of US and China＇s airport networks show that the evaluation method proposed in this papcr is the most accuratc. Thc vulucrability of US and China＇s airport networks is compared. The similarities and differences between airport geography distribution and airport importance distribution are discussed here and the dynamics of airport importance is studied as well.展开更多
In order to effectively analyse the multivariate time series data of complex process,a generic reconstruction technology based on reduction theory of rough sets was proposed,Firstly,the phase space of multivariate tim...In order to effectively analyse the multivariate time series data of complex process,a generic reconstruction technology based on reduction theory of rough sets was proposed,Firstly,the phase space of multivariate time series was originally reconstructed by a classical reconstruction technology.Then,the original decision-table of rough set theory was set up according to the embedding dimensions and time-delays of the original reconstruction phase space,and the rough set reduction was used to delete the redundant dimensions and irrelevant variables and to reconstruct the generic phase space,Finally,the input vectors for the prediction of multivariate time series were extracted according to generic reconstruction results to identify the parameters of prediction model.Verification results show that the developed reconstruction method leads to better generalization ability for the prediction model and it is feasible and worthwhile for application.展开更多
Ensemble learning for anomaly detection of data structured into a complex network has been barely studied due to the inconsistent performance of complex network characteristics and the lack of inherent objective funct...Ensemble learning for anomaly detection of data structured into a complex network has been barely studied due to the inconsistent performance of complex network characteristics and the lack of inherent objective function. We propose the intuitionistic fuzzy set（IFS）-based anomaly detection, a new two-phase ensemble method for anomaly detection based on IFS, and apply it to the abnormal behavior detection problem in temporal complex networks.Firstly, it constructs the IFS of a single network characteristic, which quantifies the degree of membership,non-membership and hesitation of each network characteristic to the defined linguistic variables so that makes the unuseful or noise characteristics become part of the detection. To build an objective intuitionistic fuzzy relationship, we propose a Gaussian distribution-based membership function which gives a variable hesitation degree. Then, for the fuzzification of multiple network characteristics, the intuitionistic fuzzy weighted geometric operator is adopted to fuse multiple IFSs and to avoid the inconsistence of multiple characteristics. Finally, the score function and precision function are used to sort the fused IFS. Finally, we carry out extensive experiments on several complex network datasets for anomaly detection, and the results demonstrate the superiority of our method to state-of-the-art approaches, validating the effectiveness of our method.展开更多
A fuzzy system is a novel computing technique that accesses uncertain information by fuzzy representation.In the decision-making process,fuzzy system and soft computing are effective tools that are tolerant to impreci...A fuzzy system is a novel computing technique that accesses uncertain information by fuzzy representation.In the decision-making process,fuzzy system and soft computing are effective tools that are tolerant to imprecision,uncertainty,and partial truths.Evolutionary fuzzy systems have been developed with the appearance of interval fuzzy,dual fuzzy,hesitant fuzzy,neutrosophic,plithogenic representations,etc.Moreover,by capturing compound features and convey multi-dimensional data,complex numbers are utilized to generalize fuzzy and neutrosophic fuzzy sets.In this paper,a representation of neutrosophic soft expert systems based on the real and complex numbers in the interval form is proposed.The interval-valued neutrosophic soft expert set(I-VNSES)is defined,and the interval-valued complex neutrosophic soft expert set(I-VCNSES)is formally generalized from the concept of IVNSES.For both I-VNSES and I-VCNSES,we introduce the relevant basic theoretical operations and study their properties.Based on these new concepts,a generalized algorithm is proposed and applied to handle the imbedded indeterminacy in the two-dimensional interval data.The proposed algorithm is tested on the economic factors that affected the Malaysian economy in 2020 to see which ones are the most influential.Eventually,a comparison of three current approaches is used to back up this study.展开更多
A novel model termed a bipolar complex fuzzy N-soft set(BCFN-SS)is initiated for tackling information that involves positive and negative aspects,the second dimension,and parameterised grading simultaneously.The theor...A novel model termed a bipolar complex fuzzy N-soft set(BCFN-SS)is initiated for tackling information that involves positive and negative aspects,the second dimension,and parameterised grading simultaneously.The theory of BCFN-SS is the generalisation of two various theories,that is,bipolar complex fuzzy(BCF)and N-SS.The invented model of BCFN-SS helps decision-makers to cope with the genuine-life dilemmas containing BCF information along with parameterised grading at the same time.Further,various algebraic operations,including the usual type of union,intersection,complements,and a few others types,are invented.Certain primary operational laws for BCFNSS are also invented.Moreover,a technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution(TOPSIS)approach is devised in the setting of BCFN-SS for managing strategic decision-making(DM)dilemmas containing BCFN-SS information.Keeping in mind the usefulness and benefits of the TOPSIS approach,two various types of TOPSIS approaches in the environment of BCFN-SS are devised and then a numerical example for exposing the usefulness of the devised TOPSIS approach is interpreted.To disclose the prominence and benefits of the devised work,the devised approaches with numerous prevailing work are compared.展开更多
A gabbro-diorite plutonic complex from the Southeast Obudu Plateau, representing limited volumes of magma, was studied for its trace and rare-earth element characteristics, in an attempt to document its genetic and ge...A gabbro-diorite plutonic complex from the Southeast Obudu Plateau, representing limited volumes of magma, was studied for its trace and rare-earth element characteristics, in an attempt to document its genetic and geodynamic history. Geochemical studies indicate that the gabbro samples are characterized by variable concentrations and low averages of such index elements as Cr (40×10-6–200×10-6; av. 80×10-6), Ni (40×10-6–170×10-6; 53.33×10-6) and Zr (110×10-6–240×10-6; 116.67×10-6); variable and high averages of Rb (3×10-6–270×10-6; 80.67×10-6), Sr (181×10-6–1610×10-6; 628.17×10-6) and U (0.14×10-6–3.46×10-6; 1.51×10-6), and fairly uniform Co (34×10-6–49×10-6; 36.33×10-6) and Sc (23×10-6–39×10-6; 34.5×10-6), while the diorite samples exhibit higher trace element compositions. The range of REE contents and distinctive chondrite-normalized patterns indicate moderate fractionation with slight positive Eu anomaly in the diorites to very low fractionation with flat patterns and slight positive Eu anomaly in the gabbros. However, the general element systematics of the samples, especially LILE (Ba, Rb, Sr, Cs and Pb), HFSE (Zr, Th, U, Hf, Mo, W, Nb and Sn), relatively immobile elements (Zr, Ni, Cr) and REE, suggests a differentiation model, involving fractional crystallization of olivine and clinopyroxene from a partial melt generated beneath an island arc complex. A possible model for the complex is therefore an island arc setting, the development of which was dominated by calc-alkaline magmatism across the Obudu Plateau.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the truncated multiplicity finite range set problem of meromorphic functions on some complex disc.By using the value distribution theory of meromorphic functions,we establish a second main th...In this paper,we consider the truncated multiplicity finite range set problem of meromorphic functions on some complex disc.By using the value distribution theory of meromorphic functions,we establish a second main theorem for meromorphic functions with finite growth index which share meromorphic functions(may not be small functions).As its application,we also extend the result of a finite range set with truncated multiplicity.展开更多
Reaction of ferrocenoyl chloride with [Et;NH] [（μ-CO）(μ-RS) Fe;=（CO）;] complexes gave bridging ferrocenoyl complexes（μ-FcCO）(μ-RS)Fe;（CO）;（Fc=ferrocenyl, R=Et, i-Pr, n-Bu, t-Bu, Ph）.The structures of all...Reaction of ferrocenoyl chloride with [Et;NH] [（μ-CO）(μ-RS) Fe;=（CO）;] complexes gave bridging ferrocenoyl complexes（μ-FcCO）(μ-RS)Fe;（CO）;（Fc=ferrocenyl, R=Et, i-Pr, n-Bu, t-Bu, Ph）.The structures of all new complexes were characterised by;HNMR, IR and MS.展开更多
The Nagar Parkar complex consists of Neoproterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks dissected by episodic mafic and felsic dykes.The latter can be classified broadly into porphyritic felsic dykes and aplitic felsic dyke...The Nagar Parkar complex consists of Neoproterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks dissected by episodic mafic and felsic dykes.The latter can be classified broadly into porphyritic felsic dykes and aplitic felsic dykes(minor)展开更多
为了改善复杂交通环境下湍流信道的光强闪烁对信号的影响,研究了大气湍流光强闪烁的系统模型,并且针对PPM和DPIM等调制方法存在的问题,提出一种新型的无线光通信调制方法——头脉冲位置调制(head pulse position modulation,H-PPM)。根...为了改善复杂交通环境下湍流信道的光强闪烁对信号的影响,研究了大气湍流光强闪烁的系统模型,并且针对PPM和DPIM等调制方法存在的问题,提出一种新型的无线光通信调制方法——头脉冲位置调制(head pulse position modulation,H-PPM)。根据湍流信道的特点,推导出基于H-PPM的可见光通信系统未编码时与RS(Reed-Solomon)码纠错后的误时隙率公式。数值仿真曲线证明,当系统误码率为10-10时,RS(15,7)纠错码可以提高约18dB的编码增益。由此可得,采取H-PPM调制和RS编码相结合可提高信号的质量,更有利于复杂交通环境下的可见光通信。展开更多
基金supported by the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Qassim University(QU-APC-2024-9/1).
文摘Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be difficult.The concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pPyFHSS)is more flexible in this regard than other theoretical fuzzy set-like models,even though some attempts have been made in the literature to address such uncertainties.This study investigates the elementary notions of pPyFHSS including its set-theoretic operations union,intersection,complement,OR-and AND-operations.Some results related to these operations are also modified for pPyFHSS.Additionally,the similarity measures between pPyFHSSs are formulated with the assistance of numerical examples and results.Lastly,an intelligent decision-assisted mechanism is developed with the proposal of a robust algorithm based on similarity measures for solving multi-attribute decision-making(MADM)problems.A case study that helps the decision-makers assess the best educational institution is discussed to validate the suggested system.The algorithmic results are compared with the most pertinent model to evaluate the adaptability of pPyFHSS,as it generalizes the classical possibility fuzzy set-like theoretical models.Similarly,while considering significant evaluating factors,the flexibility of pPyFHSS is observed through structural comparison.
文摘Although fuzzy set concepts have evolved,neutrosophic sets are attractingmore attention due to the greater power of the structure of neutrosophic sets.The ability to account for components that are true,false or neither true nor false is useful in the resolution of real-life problems.However,simultaneous variations render neutrosophic sets unsuitable in specific circumstances.To enable the management of these sorts of issues,we combine the principle of multi-valued neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets and complex fuzzy sets to develop the principle of multivalued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets.Multi-valued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets can contain grades of truth,abstinence,and falsity,and uncertain linguistic terms,which are expressed as complex numbers whose real and imaginary parts are limited to the unit interval.Some important Dombi laws are elaborated along with Bonferroni mean operators,which offer a flexible general structure with modifiable factors.Bonferroni means aggregation operators perform a significant role in conveying the magnitude level of options and characteristics.To determine relationships among any number of attributes,we develop multi-valued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic Dombi-normalized weighted Bonferroni mean operators and discuss their important properties with some special cases.By using these laws,we can deploy themulti-attribute decisionmaking(MADM)technique using the novel principle of multi-valued complex neutrosophic uncertain linguistic sets.To determine the power and flexibility of the elaborated approach,we resolve some numerical examples based on the proposed operator.Finally,the work is validated with the help of comparative analysis,a discussion of its advantages,and geometric expressions of the elaborated theories.
基金the Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi.
文摘In this paper,sine trigonometry operational laws(ST-OLs)have been extended to neutrosophic sets(NSs)and the operations and functionality of these laws are studied.Then,extending these ST-OLs to complex neutrosophic sets(CNSs)forms the core of thiswork.Some of themathematical properties are proved based on ST-OLs.Fundamental operations and the distance measures between complex neutrosophic numbers(CNNs)based on the ST-OLs are discussed with numerical illustrations.Further the arithmetic and geometric aggregation operators are established and their properties are verified with numerical data.The general properties of the developed sine trigonometry weighted averaging/geometric aggregation operators for CNNs(ST-WAAO-CNN&ST-WGAO-CNN)are proved.A decision making technique based on these operators has been developed with the help of unsupervised criteria weighting approach called Entropy-ST-OLs-CNDM(complex neutrosophic decision making)method.A case study for material selection has been chosen to demonstrate the ST-OLs of CNDM method.To check the validity of the proposed method,entropy based complex neutrosophic CODAS approach with ST-OLs has been executed numerically and a comparative analysis with the discussion of their outcomes has been conducted.The proposed approach proves to be salient and effective for decision making with complex information.
文摘The problem of strong uniqueness of best approximation from an RS set in a Banach space is considered. For a fixed RS set G and an element x∈X , we proved that the best approximation g * to x from G is strongly unique.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61039001)the Scientific Research Foundation of Civil Aviation University of China(No.2014QD01S)
文摘Abstract Recently, much attention has been paid to the reliability and vulnerability of critical infrastructure. In air traffic systems, the vulnerability analysis for airport networks can be used to guide air traffic administrations in their prioritization of the maintenance and repair of airports, as well as to avoid unnecessary disturbances in the planning of flight schedules. In this paper, the evaluation methods of airport importance and network efficiency arc established. Firstly, the evaluation indices of airport importance are proposed from both the topological and functional perspectives. The topological characteristics come from the structure of airport network and the functional features stem from the traffic flow distribution taking place inside the network. Secondly, an integrated evaluation method based on fuzzy soft set theory is proposed to identify the key airports, which can fuse together importance indices over different time intervals. Thirdly, an airport network efficiency method is established for the purpose of assessing the accuracy of the evaluation method. Finally, empirical studies using real traffic data of US and China＇s airport networks show that the evaluation method proposed in this papcr is the most accuratc. Thc vulucrability of US and China＇s airport networks is compared. The similarities and differences between airport geography distribution and airport importance distribution are discussed here and the dynamics of airport importance is studied as well.
基金Project(61025015) supported by the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars of ChinaProject(21106036) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+2 种基金Project(200805331103) supported by Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of ChinaProject(NCET-08-0576) supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities of ChinaProject(11B038) supported by Scientific Research Fund for the Excellent Youth Scholars of Hunan Provincial Education Department,China
文摘In order to effectively analyse the multivariate time series data of complex process,a generic reconstruction technology based on reduction theory of rough sets was proposed,Firstly,the phase space of multivariate time series was originally reconstructed by a classical reconstruction technology.Then,the original decision-table of rough set theory was set up according to the embedding dimensions and time-delays of the original reconstruction phase space,and the rough set reduction was used to delete the redundant dimensions and irrelevant variables and to reconstruct the generic phase space,Finally,the input vectors for the prediction of multivariate time series were extracted according to generic reconstruction results to identify the parameters of prediction model.Verification results show that the developed reconstruction method leads to better generalization ability for the prediction model and it is feasible and worthwhile for application.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61671142the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No 02190022117021
文摘Ensemble learning for anomaly detection of data structured into a complex network has been barely studied due to the inconsistent performance of complex network characteristics and the lack of inherent objective function. We propose the intuitionistic fuzzy set（IFS）-based anomaly detection, a new two-phase ensemble method for anomaly detection based on IFS, and apply it to the abnormal behavior detection problem in temporal complex networks.Firstly, it constructs the IFS of a single network characteristic, which quantifies the degree of membership,non-membership and hesitation of each network characteristic to the defined linguistic variables so that makes the unuseful or noise characteristics become part of the detection. To build an objective intuitionistic fuzzy relationship, we propose a Gaussian distribution-based membership function which gives a variable hesitation degree. Then, for the fuzzification of multiple network characteristics, the intuitionistic fuzzy weighted geometric operator is adopted to fuse multiple IFSs and to avoid the inconsistence of multiple characteristics. Finally, the score function and precision function are used to sort the fused IFS. Finally, we carry out extensive experiments on several complex network datasets for anomaly detection, and the results demonstrate the superiority of our method to state-of-the-art approaches, validating the effectiveness of our method.
基金Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Research Grant TAP-K005825.
文摘A fuzzy system is a novel computing technique that accesses uncertain information by fuzzy representation.In the decision-making process,fuzzy system and soft computing are effective tools that are tolerant to imprecision,uncertainty,and partial truths.Evolutionary fuzzy systems have been developed with the appearance of interval fuzzy,dual fuzzy,hesitant fuzzy,neutrosophic,plithogenic representations,etc.Moreover,by capturing compound features and convey multi-dimensional data,complex numbers are utilized to generalize fuzzy and neutrosophic fuzzy sets.In this paper,a representation of neutrosophic soft expert systems based on the real and complex numbers in the interval form is proposed.The interval-valued neutrosophic soft expert set(I-VNSES)is defined,and the interval-valued complex neutrosophic soft expert set(I-VCNSES)is formally generalized from the concept of IVNSES.For both I-VNSES and I-VCNSES,we introduce the relevant basic theoretical operations and study their properties.Based on these new concepts,a generalized algorithm is proposed and applied to handle the imbedded indeterminacy in the two-dimensional interval data.The proposed algorithm is tested on the economic factors that affected the Malaysian economy in 2020 to see which ones are the most influential.Eventually,a comparison of three current approaches is used to back up this study.
文摘A novel model termed a bipolar complex fuzzy N-soft set(BCFN-SS)is initiated for tackling information that involves positive and negative aspects,the second dimension,and parameterised grading simultaneously.The theory of BCFN-SS is the generalisation of two various theories,that is,bipolar complex fuzzy(BCF)and N-SS.The invented model of BCFN-SS helps decision-makers to cope with the genuine-life dilemmas containing BCF information along with parameterised grading at the same time.Further,various algebraic operations,including the usual type of union,intersection,complements,and a few others types,are invented.Certain primary operational laws for BCFNSS are also invented.Moreover,a technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution(TOPSIS)approach is devised in the setting of BCFN-SS for managing strategic decision-making(DM)dilemmas containing BCFN-SS information.Keeping in mind the usefulness and benefits of the TOPSIS approach,two various types of TOPSIS approaches in the environment of BCFN-SS are devised and then a numerical example for exposing the usefulness of the devised TOPSIS approach is interpreted.To disclose the prominence and benefits of the devised work,the devised approaches with numerous prevailing work are compared.
文摘A gabbro-diorite plutonic complex from the Southeast Obudu Plateau, representing limited volumes of magma, was studied for its trace and rare-earth element characteristics, in an attempt to document its genetic and geodynamic history. Geochemical studies indicate that the gabbro samples are characterized by variable concentrations and low averages of such index elements as Cr (40×10-6–200×10-6; av. 80×10-6), Ni (40×10-6–170×10-6; 53.33×10-6) and Zr (110×10-6–240×10-6; 116.67×10-6); variable and high averages of Rb (3×10-6–270×10-6; 80.67×10-6), Sr (181×10-6–1610×10-6; 628.17×10-6) and U (0.14×10-6–3.46×10-6; 1.51×10-6), and fairly uniform Co (34×10-6–49×10-6; 36.33×10-6) and Sc (23×10-6–39×10-6; 34.5×10-6), while the diorite samples exhibit higher trace element compositions. The range of REE contents and distinctive chondrite-normalized patterns indicate moderate fractionation with slight positive Eu anomaly in the diorites to very low fractionation with flat patterns and slight positive Eu anomaly in the gabbros. However, the general element systematics of the samples, especially LILE (Ba, Rb, Sr, Cs and Pb), HFSE (Zr, Th, U, Hf, Mo, W, Nb and Sn), relatively immobile elements (Zr, Ni, Cr) and REE, suggests a differentiation model, involving fractional crystallization of olivine and clinopyroxene from a partial melt generated beneath an island arc complex. A possible model for the complex is therefore an island arc setting, the development of which was dominated by calc-alkaline magmatism across the Obudu Plateau.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12061041)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20232BAB201003).
文摘In this paper,we consider the truncated multiplicity finite range set problem of meromorphic functions on some complex disc.By using the value distribution theory of meromorphic functions,we establish a second main theorem for meromorphic functions with finite growth index which share meromorphic functions(may not be small functions).As its application,we also extend the result of a finite range set with truncated multiplicity.
基金The project was supported by Youth Science Foundation of Shandong University
文摘Reaction of ferrocenoyl chloride with [Et;NH] [（μ-CO）(μ-RS) Fe;=（CO）;] complexes gave bridging ferrocenoyl complexes（μ-FcCO）(μ-RS)Fe;（CO）;（Fc=ferrocenyl, R=Et, i-Pr, n-Bu, t-Bu, Ph）.The structures of all new complexes were characterised by;HNMR, IR and MS.
文摘The Nagar Parkar complex consists of Neoproterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks dissected by episodic mafic and felsic dykes.The latter can be classified broadly into porphyritic felsic dykes and aplitic felsic dykes(minor)
文摘为了改善复杂交通环境下湍流信道的光强闪烁对信号的影响,研究了大气湍流光强闪烁的系统模型,并且针对PPM和DPIM等调制方法存在的问题,提出一种新型的无线光通信调制方法——头脉冲位置调制(head pulse position modulation,H-PPM)。根据湍流信道的特点,推导出基于H-PPM的可见光通信系统未编码时与RS(Reed-Solomon)码纠错后的误时隙率公式。数值仿真曲线证明,当系统误码率为10-10时,RS(15,7)纠错码可以提高约18dB的编码增益。由此可得,采取H-PPM调制和RS编码相结合可提高信号的质量,更有利于复杂交通环境下的可见光通信。
