Although machine Learning has demonstrated exceptional applicability in thermographic inspection,precise defect reconstruction is still challenging,especially for complex defect profiles with limited defect sample div...Although machine Learning has demonstrated exceptional applicability in thermographic inspection,precise defect reconstruction is still challenging,especially for complex defect profiles with limited defect sample diversity.Thus,this paper proposes a self-enhancement defect reconstruction technique based on cycle-consistent generative adversarial network(Cycle-GAN)that accurately characterises complex defect profiles and generates reliable artificial thermal images for dataset augmentation,enhancing defect characterisation.By using a synthetic dataset from simulation and experiments,the network overcomes the limited samples problem by learning the diversity of complex defects from finite element modelling and obtaining the thermography uncertainty patterns from practical experiments.Then,an iterative strategy with a self-enhancement capability optimises the characterisation accuracy and data generation performance.The designed loss function structure with cycle consistency and identity loss constrains the GAN’s transfer variation to guarantee augmented data quality and defect reconstruction accuracy simultaneously,while the self-enhancement results significantly improve accuracy in thermal images and defect profile reconstruction.The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method by attaining high accuracy with optimal loss norm for defect profile reconstruction with a Recall score over 0.92.The scalability investigation of different materials and defect types is also discussed,highlighting its capability for diverse thermography quantification and automated inspection scenarios.展开更多
Objective:The aim of the study was to present our experience in reconstruction of complex defects of the nose.Methods:Fourteen patients presenting with large composite defects of the nose were anatomically reconstruct...Objective:The aim of the study was to present our experience in reconstruction of complex defects of the nose.Methods:Fourteen patients presenting with large composite defects of the nose were anatomically reconstructed after full tumor clearance of a skin cancer.The aesthetic outcome was assessed subjectively and objectively while the functional outcome was only assessed subjectively in 13 patients.Results:Basal cell carcinoma(BCC),represented the tumor excised in 10 patients while the remaining 4 patients suffered from squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).One patient died of extensive local recurrence of SCC after 6 months.The commonest flap used for inner lining was the septal flap while the forehead paramedian flap provided the external coverage for the majority of patients.All flaps survived completely except in one patient who developed distal paramedian forehead flap necrosis.Two patients developed multiple abscesses and sinuses discharging parts of cartilage grafts through the flaps’skin with one patient suffering from total extrusion of the costal cartilage grafts.Two other patients suffered from severe nostril stenosis.All patients had variable degree of difficulty in airway passage,while most patients were satisfied with the total nasal appearance.The objective assessment of the overall appearance of the nose scored less than the subjective satisfaction.Conclusion:Reconstruction of complex nasal defects has a high learning curve.Intranasal flaps are usually of limited size and nostril asymmetry is likely to occur.Local or regional skin flaps if available are still considered a good choice for inner as well as outer lining.展开更多
Complicated and large acetabular bone defects present the main challenges and difficulty in the revision of total hip arthroplasty(THA).This study aimed to explore the advantages of three-dimensional(3D)printing techn...Complicated and large acetabular bone defects present the main challenges and difficulty in the revision of total hip arthroplasty(THA).This study aimed to explore the advantages of three-dimensional(3D)printing technology in the reconstruction of such acetabular bone defects.We retrospectively analyzed the prognosis of four severe bone defects around the acetabulum in three patients who were treated using 3D printing technology.Reconstruction of bone defect by conventional methods was difficult in these patients.In this endeavor,we used radiographic methods,related computer software such as Materialise's interactive medical image control system and Siemens NX software,and actual surgical experience to estimate defect volume,prosthesis stability,and installation accuracy,respectively.Moreover,a Harris hip score was obtained to evaluate limb function.It was found that bone defects could be adequately reconstructed using a 3D printing prosthesis,and its stability was reliable.The Harris hip score indicated a very good functional recovery in all three patients.In conclusion,3D printing technology had a good therapeutic effect on both complex and large bone defects in the revision of THA.It was able to achieve good curative effects in patients with large bone defects.展开更多
We present first-principles calculations of the formation energy of different native defects and their complexes in wurtzite InN using density-functional theory and the pseudopotential plane-wave method. Our calculati...We present first-principles calculations of the formation energy of different native defects and their complexes in wurtzite InN using density-functional theory and the pseudopotential plane-wave method. Our calculations are aimed in the three cases： N/In = 1, N/In 〉 1 （N-rich）, and N/In 〈 1 （In-rich）. Our results indicate that the antisite defect has the lowest formation energy under N/In = 1. The formation energy of nitrogen interstitial （nitrogen vacancy） defect is significantly low under the N-rich （In-rich） condition. Thus the antisite defect is an important defect if N/In = 1, and the nitrogen interstitial （nitrogen vacancy） defect is a vital defect under the N-rich （In-rich） condition. The atomic site relaxation around the nitrogen interstitial and vacancy is investigated. Our calculations show that the nitrogen vacancy cannot be observed although it is one of the most important defects in InN. Our results are confirmed by experiments.展开更多
This paper investigates the infrared absorption spectra of oxygen-related complexes in silicon crystals irradiated with electron （1.5 MeV） at 360 K.Two groups of samples with low [Oi] = 6.9 x 10^17 cm^-3 and high [O...This paper investigates the infrared absorption spectra of oxygen-related complexes in silicon crystals irradiated with electron （1.5 MeV） at 360 K.Two groups of samples with low [Oi] = 6.9 x 10^17 cm^-3 and high [Oi] = 1.06 x 10^18 cm^-3 were used.We found that the concentration of the VO pairs have different behaviour to the annealing temperature in different concentration of oxygen specimen,it is hardly changed in the higher concentration of oxygen specimen.It was also found that the concentration of VO2 in lower concentration of oxygen specimen gets to maximum at 450 ℃ and then dissapears at 500 ℃,accompanied with the appearing of VO3. For both kinds of specimens,the concentration of VO3 reachs to maximum at 550 ℃ and does not disappear completely at 600 ℃.展开更多
AIM: To explore the association between AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) protein loss by immunohistochemistry and both clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.
Room-temperature ferromagnetism has been experimentally observed in annealed rutile TiO2 single crystals when a magnetic field is applied parallel to the sample plane.By combining X-ray absorption near the edge struct...Room-temperature ferromagnetism has been experimentally observed in annealed rutile TiO2 single crystals when a magnetic field is applied parallel to the sample plane.By combining X-ray absorption near the edge structure spectrum and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy,Ti^3＋-V O defect complexes（or clusters） have been identified in annealed crystals at a high vacuum.We elucidate that the unpaired 3d electrons in Ti^3＋ ions provide the observed room-temperature ferromagnetism.In addition,excess oxygen ions in the TiO2 lattice could induce a number of Ti vacancies which obviously increase magnetic moments.展开更多
Background:It is challenging to repair wide or irregular defects with traditional skin flaps,and anterolateral thigh(ALT)lobulated perforator flaps are an ideal choice for such defects.However,there are many variation...Background:It is challenging to repair wide or irregular defects with traditional skin flaps,and anterolateral thigh(ALT)lobulated perforator flaps are an ideal choice for such defects.However,there are many variations in perforators,so good preoperative planning is very important.This study attempted to explore the feasibility and clinical effect of digital technology in the use of ALT lobulated perforator flaps for repairing complex soft tissue defects in limbs.Methods:Computed tomography angiography(CTA)was performed on 28 patients with complex soft tissue defects of the limbs,and the CTA data were imported into Mimics 20.0 software in DICOM format.According to the perforation condition of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and the size of the limb defect,one thigh that had two or more perforators from the same source vessel was selected for 3D reconstruction of the ALT lobulated perforator flap model.Mimics 20.0 software was used to visualize the vascular anatomy,virtual design and harvest of the flap before surgery.The intraoperative design and excision of the ALT lobulated perforator flap were guided by the preoperative digital design,and the actual anatomical observations and measurements were recorded.Results:Digital reconstruction was successfully performed in all patients before surgery;this reconstruction dynamically displayed the anatomical structure of the flap vasculature and accurately guided the design and harvest of the flap during surgery.The parameters of the harvested flaps were consistent with the preoperative parameters.Postoperative complications occurred in 7 patients,but all flaps survived uneventfully.All of the donor sites were closed directly.All patients were followed up for 13-27 months(mean,19.75 months).The color and texture of each flap were satisfactory and each donor site exhibited a linear scar.Conclusions:Digital technology can effectively and precisely assist in the design and harvest of ALT lobulated perforator flaps,provide an effective approach for individualized evaluation and flap design and reduce the risk and difficulty of surgery.展开更多
The authors present the double-paddled pectoralis major myocutaneous flap as a successful alternative for the reconstruction of complex orocervical defects following failure of prior microvascularized free flaps or fr...The authors present the double-paddled pectoralis major myocutaneous flap as a successful alternative for the reconstruction of complex orocervical defects following failure of prior microvascularized free flaps or free flap harvest is not feasible. This method was used for the reconstruction of post-ablative defect in a 36-year-old male with a T4 squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue with laryngeal involvement. The distal paddle was adapted to reconstruct a defect of the floor of the mouth and further sutured in two layers (muscle-basal mandible and skin paddle-oral mucosa) while the proximal skin paddle was used to close the cervical skin and the peri-tracheostomy defect.展开更多
For semiconductors with localized intrinsic/impurity defects, intentionally doped or unintentionally incorporated, that have multiple transition energy levels among charge states, the general formulation of the local ...For semiconductors with localized intrinsic/impurity defects, intentionally doped or unintentionally incorporated, that have multiple transition energy levels among charge states, the general formulation of the local charge neutrality condition is given for the determination of the Fermi level and the majority carrier density. A graphical method is used to illustrate the solution of the problem. Relations among the transition energy levels of the multi-level defect are derived using the graphical method. Numerical examples are given for p-doping of the CdTe thin film used in solar panels and semi-insulating Si to illustrate the relevance and importance of the issues discussed in this work.展开更多
Gallium （Ga）-doped ZnO is regarded as a promising plasmonic material with a wide range of applications in plasmonics. In this study, zinc self-diffusion experiments are adopted to disclose the nature of the dominant...Gallium （Ga）-doped ZnO is regarded as a promising plasmonic material with a wide range of applications in plasmonics. In this study, zinc self-diffusion experiments are adopted to disclose the nature of the dominant compensating defect in Ga-doped ZnO isotopic heterostructures. The （GaZn-VZ.）- complex defect, instead of the isolated VZn^2-, is identified as the predominant compensating acceptor center responsible for the low donor doping efficiency. The comparative diffusion experiments operated by the secondary ion mass spectrometry reveal a -0.78 eV binding energy of this complex defect, which well matches the electrical activation energy derived from the temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements （-（0.82±0.02） eV）. These findings contribute to an essential understanding of the （GaZn-VZn）- complex defect and the potential engineering routes of heavily Ga-doped ZnO.展开更多
We introduce a model of redistribution of point radiation defects, their interaction between themselves and redistribution of their simplest complexes（divacancies and diinterstitials） in a multilayer structure. The ...We introduce a model of redistribution of point radiation defects, their interaction between themselves and redistribution of their simplest complexes（divacancies and diinterstitials） in a multilayer structure. The model gives a possibility to describe qualitatively nonmonotonicity of distributions of concentrations of radiation defects on interfaces between layers of the multilayer structure. The nonmonotonicity was recently found experimentally.To take into account the nonmonotonicity we modify recently used in literature model for analysis of distribution of concentration of radiation defects. To analyze the model we used an approach of solution of boundary problems,which could be used without crosslinking of solutions on interfaces between layers of the considered multilayer structures.展开更多
High crystal perfection,large diameter,and low defect density gallium antimonide(GaSb)crystals are always the targets for fabricating high-quality GaSb-based chips.Therefore,the high-mobility Te-doping GaSb and its sc...High crystal perfection,large diameter,and low defect density gallium antimonide(GaSb)crystals are always the targets for fabricating high-quality GaSb-based chips.Therefore,the high-mobility Te-doping GaSb and its scattering mechanism have been a mainstream research object.However,the complex defect recognition and underlying defect-regulating scattering mechanism have been an urgent need to clarify.Herein,we explore the intrinsic Ga vacancy and complex defect contributing to p-type characteristics in undoped GaSb,resulting in low mobility.Meanwhile,the Te-doped counterpart develops electron transport,which generates a high-mobility capacity.The first principle calculation supports that intrinsic defects have low formation energy and contribute to p-type semiconductors.However,the donor doping develops an electron transport via the impurity compensation effect,significantly enhancing mobility.Moreover,the polar optical phonon-limited Frölich scattering dominates the GaSb scattering process in a low carrier concentration and high operating temperature.This research reveals that the compensation effect can suppress intrinsic and complex defects to improve spectral signature and carrier transport behaviour,which lay a solid foundation for exploiting highmobility GaSb and high-performance GaSb-based microelectronic chips.展开更多
Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy(LHON)is an ocular mitochondrial disease that involves the impairment of mitochondrial complex I,which is an important contributor to blindness among young adults across the globe.H...Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy(LHON)is an ocular mitochondrial disease that involves the impairment of mitochondrial complex I,which is an important contributor to blindness among young adults across the globe.However,the disorder has no available cures,since the approved drug idebenone for LHON in Europe relies on bypassing complex I defects rather than fixing them.Herein,PARKIN mRNA-loaded nanoparticle(mNP)-engineered mitochondria(mNP-Mito)were designed to replace dysfunctional mitochondria with the delivery of exogenous mitochondria,normalizing the function of complex I for treating LHON.The mNP-Mito facilitated the supplementation of healthy mitochondria containing functional complex I via mitochondrial transfer,along with the elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria with impaired complex I via an enhanced PARKIN-mediated mitophagy process.In a mouse model induced with a complex I inhibitor(rotenone,Rot),mNP-Mito enhanced the presence of healthy mitochondria and exhibited a sharp increase in complex I activity(76.5%)compared to the group exposed to Rot damage(29.5%),which greatly promoted the restoration of ATP generation and mitiga-tion of ocular mitochondrial disease-related phenotypes.This study highlights the significance of nanoen-gineered mitochondria as a promising and feasible tool for the replacement of dysfunctional mitochondria and the repair of mitochondrial function in mitochondrial disease therapies.展开更多
基金supported by the UK EPSRC Platform Grant:Through-life performance:From science to instrumentation(Grant No.EP/P027121/1).
文摘Although machine Learning has demonstrated exceptional applicability in thermographic inspection,precise defect reconstruction is still challenging,especially for complex defect profiles with limited defect sample diversity.Thus,this paper proposes a self-enhancement defect reconstruction technique based on cycle-consistent generative adversarial network(Cycle-GAN)that accurately characterises complex defect profiles and generates reliable artificial thermal images for dataset augmentation,enhancing defect characterisation.By using a synthetic dataset from simulation and experiments,the network overcomes the limited samples problem by learning the diversity of complex defects from finite element modelling and obtaining the thermography uncertainty patterns from practical experiments.Then,an iterative strategy with a self-enhancement capability optimises the characterisation accuracy and data generation performance.The designed loss function structure with cycle consistency and identity loss constrains the GAN’s transfer variation to guarantee augmented data quality and defect reconstruction accuracy simultaneously,while the self-enhancement results significantly improve accuracy in thermal images and defect profile reconstruction.The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method by attaining high accuracy with optimal loss norm for defect profile reconstruction with a Recall score over 0.92.The scalability investigation of different materials and defect types is also discussed,highlighting its capability for diverse thermography quantification and automated inspection scenarios.
文摘Objective:The aim of the study was to present our experience in reconstruction of complex defects of the nose.Methods:Fourteen patients presenting with large composite defects of the nose were anatomically reconstructed after full tumor clearance of a skin cancer.The aesthetic outcome was assessed subjectively and objectively while the functional outcome was only assessed subjectively in 13 patients.Results:Basal cell carcinoma(BCC),represented the tumor excised in 10 patients while the remaining 4 patients suffered from squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).One patient died of extensive local recurrence of SCC after 6 months.The commonest flap used for inner lining was the septal flap while the forehead paramedian flap provided the external coverage for the majority of patients.All flaps survived completely except in one patient who developed distal paramedian forehead flap necrosis.Two patients developed multiple abscesses and sinuses discharging parts of cartilage grafts through the flaps’skin with one patient suffering from total extrusion of the costal cartilage grafts.Two other patients suffered from severe nostril stenosis.All patients had variable degree of difficulty in airway passage,while most patients were satisfied with the total nasal appearance.The objective assessment of the overall appearance of the nose scored less than the subjective satisfaction.Conclusion:Reconstruction of complex nasal defects has a high learning curve.Intranasal flaps are usually of limited size and nostril asymmetry is likely to occur.Local or regional skin flaps if available are still considered a good choice for inner as well as outer lining.
基金This work is supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1100600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81972058 and 81902194)the Multicenter Clinical Research Project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(DLY201506).
文摘Complicated and large acetabular bone defects present the main challenges and difficulty in the revision of total hip arthroplasty(THA).This study aimed to explore the advantages of three-dimensional(3D)printing technology in the reconstruction of such acetabular bone defects.We retrospectively analyzed the prognosis of four severe bone defects around the acetabulum in three patients who were treated using 3D printing technology.Reconstruction of bone defect by conventional methods was difficult in these patients.In this endeavor,we used radiographic methods,related computer software such as Materialise's interactive medical image control system and Siemens NX software,and actual surgical experience to estimate defect volume,prosthesis stability,and installation accuracy,respectively.Moreover,a Harris hip score was obtained to evaluate limb function.It was found that bone defects could be adequately reconstructed using a 3D printing prosthesis,and its stability was reliable.The Harris hip score indicated a very good functional recovery in all three patients.In conclusion,3D printing technology had a good therapeutic effect on both complex and large bone defects in the revision of THA.It was able to achieve good curative effects in patients with large bone defects.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No. 2006CB921607the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 60711120203, 60890193+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing City under Grant No. 1092007the Science and Technology Research Foundation for Colleges and Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region under Grant No. NJ09026
文摘We present first-principles calculations of the formation energy of different native defects and their complexes in wurtzite InN using density-functional theory and the pseudopotential plane-wave method. Our calculations are aimed in the three cases： N/In = 1, N/In 〉 1 （N-rich）, and N/In 〈 1 （In-rich）. Our results indicate that the antisite defect has the lowest formation energy under N/In = 1. The formation energy of nitrogen interstitial （nitrogen vacancy） defect is significantly low under the N-rich （In-rich） condition. Thus the antisite defect is an important defect if N/In = 1, and the nitrogen interstitial （nitrogen vacancy） defect is a vital defect under the N-rich （In-rich） condition. The atomic site relaxation around the nitrogen interstitial and vacancy is investigated. Our calculations show that the nitrogen vacancy cannot be observed although it is one of the most important defects in InN. Our results are confirmed by experiments.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 50872028)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China (Grant Nos E200500048 and E2008000079)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No 20050080006)
文摘This paper investigates the infrared absorption spectra of oxygen-related complexes in silicon crystals irradiated with electron （1.5 MeV） at 360 K.Two groups of samples with low [Oi] = 6.9 x 10^17 cm^-3 and high [Oi] = 1.06 x 10^18 cm^-3 were used.We found that the concentration of the VO pairs have different behaviour to the annealing temperature in different concentration of oxygen specimen,it is hardly changed in the higher concentration of oxygen specimen.It was also found that the concentration of VO2 in lower concentration of oxygen specimen gets to maximum at 450 ℃ and then dissapears at 500 ℃,accompanied with the appearing of VO3. For both kinds of specimens,the concentration of VO3 reachs to maximum at 550 ℃ and does not disappear completely at 600 ℃.
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program),No.2012AA02A506National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81372570+1 种基金the Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong Province,China,No.2012B031800088the Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong Province,China,No.C2011019
文摘AIM: To explore the association between AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) protein loss by immunohistochemistry and both clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.
基金Project supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61006066)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11175191)
文摘Room-temperature ferromagnetism has been experimentally observed in annealed rutile TiO2 single crystals when a magnetic field is applied parallel to the sample plane.By combining X-ray absorption near the edge structure spectrum and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy,Ti^3＋-V O defect complexes（or clusters） have been identified in annealed crystals at a high vacuum.We elucidate that the unpaired 3d electrons in Ti^3＋ ions provide the observed room-temperature ferromagnetism.In addition,excess oxygen ions in the TiO2 lattice could induce a number of Ti vacancies which obviously increase magnetic moments.
文摘Background:It is challenging to repair wide or irregular defects with traditional skin flaps,and anterolateral thigh(ALT)lobulated perforator flaps are an ideal choice for such defects.However,there are many variations in perforators,so good preoperative planning is very important.This study attempted to explore the feasibility and clinical effect of digital technology in the use of ALT lobulated perforator flaps for repairing complex soft tissue defects in limbs.Methods:Computed tomography angiography(CTA)was performed on 28 patients with complex soft tissue defects of the limbs,and the CTA data were imported into Mimics 20.0 software in DICOM format.According to the perforation condition of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and the size of the limb defect,one thigh that had two or more perforators from the same source vessel was selected for 3D reconstruction of the ALT lobulated perforator flap model.Mimics 20.0 software was used to visualize the vascular anatomy,virtual design and harvest of the flap before surgery.The intraoperative design and excision of the ALT lobulated perforator flap were guided by the preoperative digital design,and the actual anatomical observations and measurements were recorded.Results:Digital reconstruction was successfully performed in all patients before surgery;this reconstruction dynamically displayed the anatomical structure of the flap vasculature and accurately guided the design and harvest of the flap during surgery.The parameters of the harvested flaps were consistent with the preoperative parameters.Postoperative complications occurred in 7 patients,but all flaps survived uneventfully.All of the donor sites were closed directly.All patients were followed up for 13-27 months(mean,19.75 months).The color and texture of each flap were satisfactory and each donor site exhibited a linear scar.Conclusions:Digital technology can effectively and precisely assist in the design and harvest of ALT lobulated perforator flaps,provide an effective approach for individualized evaluation and flap design and reduce the risk and difficulty of surgery.
文摘The authors present the double-paddled pectoralis major myocutaneous flap as a successful alternative for the reconstruction of complex orocervical defects following failure of prior microvascularized free flaps or free flap harvest is not feasible. This method was used for the reconstruction of post-ablative defect in a 36-year-old male with a T4 squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue with laryngeal involvement. The distal paddle was adapted to reconstruct a defect of the floor of the mouth and further sutured in two layers (muscle-basal mandible and skin paddle-oral mucosa) while the proximal skin paddle was used to close the cervical skin and the peri-tracheostomy defect.
文摘For semiconductors with localized intrinsic/impurity defects, intentionally doped or unintentionally incorporated, that have multiple transition energy levels among charge states, the general formulation of the local charge neutrality condition is given for the determination of the Fermi level and the majority carrier density. A graphical method is used to illustrate the solution of the problem. Relations among the transition energy levels of the multi-level defect are derived using the graphical method. Numerical examples are given for p-doping of the CdTe thin film used in solar panels and semi-insulating Si to illustrate the relevance and importance of the issues discussed in this work.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.11674405,and 11675280)
文摘Gallium （Ga）-doped ZnO is regarded as a promising plasmonic material with a wide range of applications in plasmonics. In this study, zinc self-diffusion experiments are adopted to disclose the nature of the dominant compensating defect in Ga-doped ZnO isotopic heterostructures. The （GaZn-VZ.）- complex defect, instead of the isolated VZn^2-, is identified as the predominant compensating acceptor center responsible for the low donor doping efficiency. The comparative diffusion experiments operated by the secondary ion mass spectrometry reveal a -0.78 eV binding energy of this complex defect, which well matches the electrical activation energy derived from the temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements （-（0.82±0.02） eV）. These findings contribute to an essential understanding of the （GaZn-VZn）- complex defect and the potential engineering routes of heavily Ga-doped ZnO.
文摘We introduce a model of redistribution of point radiation defects, their interaction between themselves and redistribution of their simplest complexes（divacancies and diinterstitials） in a multilayer structure. The model gives a possibility to describe qualitatively nonmonotonicity of distributions of concentrations of radiation defects on interfaces between layers of the multilayer structure. The nonmonotonicity was recently found experimentally.To take into account the nonmonotonicity we modify recently used in literature model for analysis of distribution of concentration of radiation defects. To analyze the model we used an approach of solution of boundary problems,which could be used without crosslinking of solutions on interfaces between layers of the considered multilayer structures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12064047)the Key Program of Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(No.202201AS070010)the Major Project of the Yunnan Science and Technology Program(No.202202AB080019).
文摘High crystal perfection,large diameter,and low defect density gallium antimonide(GaSb)crystals are always the targets for fabricating high-quality GaSb-based chips.Therefore,the high-mobility Te-doping GaSb and its scattering mechanism have been a mainstream research object.However,the complex defect recognition and underlying defect-regulating scattering mechanism have been an urgent need to clarify.Herein,we explore the intrinsic Ga vacancy and complex defect contributing to p-type characteristics in undoped GaSb,resulting in low mobility.Meanwhile,the Te-doped counterpart develops electron transport,which generates a high-mobility capacity.The first principle calculation supports that intrinsic defects have low formation energy and contribute to p-type semiconductors.However,the donor doping develops an electron transport via the impurity compensation effect,significantly enhancing mobility.Moreover,the polar optical phonon-limited Frölich scattering dominates the GaSb scattering process in a low carrier concentration and high operating temperature.This research reveals that the compensation effect can suppress intrinsic and complex defects to improve spectral signature and carrier transport behaviour,which lay a solid foundation for exploiting highmobility GaSb and high-performance GaSb-based microelectronic chips.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82020108029,82304416,82073398,82302367,China)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20231016,BK20231019,China)+5 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant Number:2022M720173,China)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2023,China)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2632023GR20,China)State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University(SKLNMZZ202021,China)Double First-class University Projects(CPU2018GY06,China)Double First-Rate construction plan of China Pharmaceutical University(CPU2022QZ18,China)。
文摘Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy(LHON)is an ocular mitochondrial disease that involves the impairment of mitochondrial complex I,which is an important contributor to blindness among young adults across the globe.However,the disorder has no available cures,since the approved drug idebenone for LHON in Europe relies on bypassing complex I defects rather than fixing them.Herein,PARKIN mRNA-loaded nanoparticle(mNP)-engineered mitochondria(mNP-Mito)were designed to replace dysfunctional mitochondria with the delivery of exogenous mitochondria,normalizing the function of complex I for treating LHON.The mNP-Mito facilitated the supplementation of healthy mitochondria containing functional complex I via mitochondrial transfer,along with the elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria with impaired complex I via an enhanced PARKIN-mediated mitophagy process.In a mouse model induced with a complex I inhibitor(rotenone,Rot),mNP-Mito enhanced the presence of healthy mitochondria and exhibited a sharp increase in complex I activity(76.5%)compared to the group exposed to Rot damage(29.5%),which greatly promoted the restoration of ATP generation and mitiga-tion of ocular mitochondrial disease-related phenotypes.This study highlights the significance of nanoen-gineered mitochondria as a promising and feasible tool for the replacement of dysfunctional mitochondria and the repair of mitochondrial function in mitochondrial disease therapies.
