Objective To understand the status and problems of complementary feeding and to explore the strategy of improving complementary feeding for infants and young children in China. Method Data of urban and rural children ...Objective To understand the status and problems of complementary feeding and to explore the strategy of improving complementary feeding for infants and young children in China. Method Data of urban and rural children were selected from the China Food and Nutrition Surveillance System （CFNSS） dataset to describe the status of complementary feeding and growth of children. Logistic Regression was used to analyze the relationship between child growth and the complementary feeding pattern. Results Applications of foods that come from animals, vegetable/fruit and dairy product in complementary feeding were negatively correlated to the prevalence of stunting and underweight. Attributable risk （AR） of no application of vegetable/fruit in complementary feeding to stunting was 30.2%, to underweight 35.4%; AR of no application of foods from animal products in complementary feeding to stunting was 28.2%, to underweight 11.7%; and the AR of no application of diary products in complementary feeding to stunting was 27.4%, to underweight was 15.9%. Conclusion Complementary feeding contributed to the improvement of infants and young children growth in China. There is an urgent need to develop health education in the public on infants and young children complementary feeding, in the mean time, it is pressing to pay attention and take actions to develop and promote affordable, acceptable, and accessible fortified complementary food in rural areas of China.展开更多
Objective To explore the effect of in-home fortification of complementary feeding on intellectual development of Chinese children aged below 24 months. Methods One thousand and four hundred seventy eight children aged...Objective To explore the effect of in-home fortification of complementary feeding on intellectual development of Chinese children aged below 24 months. Methods One thousand and four hundred seventy eight children aged 4-12 months were recruited and divided into study groups （formula 1 group and formula 2 group） and control group. In two study groups, in addition to the usual complementary food, children were fed with a sachet of fortified food supplement each day. Protein and micronutrients were provided in formula 1 group. Formula 2 group had the same energy intake as the formula 1 group . In addition to measurement of physical growth and detection of hemoglobin level, Development Quotient （DQ） or Intelligence Quotient （IQ） was assessed. Results The DQ of children aged below 24 months was 97.2, 95.5, and 93.8 in formula 1 group, formula 2 group and control group, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The DQ of children in formula 1 group, formula 2 group, and control group was 92.7, 90.4, and 88.3 respectively in the first follow up showing statistically significant differences （P〈0.05）. And, DQ of children in formula 1 group, formula 2 group and control group were 96.7, 94.5, and 93.7 respectively in the second follow up, showing statistically significant differences （P〈0.05）. FulI-IQ of children in the formula 1 group was 3.1 and 4.5 points higher than that in formula 2 group and in control group respectively. Verbal IQ of children in the formula 1 group was 2.1 and 5 points higher than that in formula 2 group and control group respectively. Performance IQ was 2.5 and 3.1 points higher than that in formula 2 group and control group respectively. All above mentioned comparisons were statistically significant. Conclusion Fortification of complementary feeding showed persistent effect on intelligence development of young children which could persist to 6 years of age. The critical time for correction of anemia could be under 18 months.展开更多
Objective： This study investigated complementary feeding practices among four ethnic groups（Han, Uygur, Tibetan, and Zhuang） based on a cross-sectional survey in rural western China. Methods： In 2005, a stratified...Objective： This study investigated complementary feeding practices among four ethnic groups（Han, Uygur, Tibetan, and Zhuang） based on a cross-sectional survey in rural western China. Methods： In 2005, a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method was used to recruit 9712 children（7411 Han, 1032 Uygur, 678 Tibetan, and 591 Zhuang） between 6 and 35 months of age and their mothers from 45 counties in 10 provinces（autonomous regions, municipalities） in western China. Results： The rates of early introduction（before 6 months） of complementary foods in four ethnic groups（Han, Uygur, Tibetan, and Zhuang） were 71.30%, 95.95%, 82.40%, and 72.30%, respectively. The Infant and Child Feeding Index（ICFI） for Uygur and Tibetan children was lower than that for Han children at all age groups. Uygur children were more likely to have unqualified ICFI compared with Han children in a multivariate logistic regression（odds ratio（OR）=5.138, 95% confidence interval（CI）： 4.340–6.084）. A higher level of maternal education, greater family wealth, and the availability of complementary feeding educational materials decreased the likelihood of an unqualified ICFI. The nutritional status of children（Han, Tibetan, and Zhuang） with qualified ICFI was better than that for children with unqualified ICFI. Conclusions： Appropriate interventions are required to improve complementary feeding practices in rural western China.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Complementary feeding is a significant milestone that has nutritional, devel...<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Complementary feeding is a significant milestone that has nutritional, developmental, and health implications. Worldwide, 33% of the deaths are linked to malnutrition. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To describe the mothers’ experience about complementary feeding practice with child aged less than two years in Bangladesh. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A descriptive qualitative study was conducted from July 2018 to June 2019. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) NIANER. 20 mothers of children of 6 - 24 months of age were recruited purposively who live in Sattalla slum. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the mothers’ demographic characteristics and thematic analysis was used to describe mothers’ experience about complementary feeding practice. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The study showed that the average age of the mothers was 25 (SD = 4.75) years. Only 5% of the mothers have higher education. Through the findings, two main themes have been identified. Moreover, first main theme includes three subthemes. Fifty percent of the mothers stated that appropriate time to start complementary food for their babies is from 6 months of age. Mothers feed various types of complementary foods. Most of the mothers have knowledge about complementary feeding but they do not practice appropriately. Almost all of the mothers (95%) stated that their babies do not like to eat anything, and 45% of mothers feed only breast milk. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Findings of the study will provide information for the nurses resulted in increasing the rate of complementary feeding practice among mothers of children in Bangladesh. Future study is needed to identify the factors influencing complementary feeding practice among mothers of 6 - 24 months old children in Bangladesh.</span></span>展开更多
Objective To find out the present situation of complementary feeding, breast-feeding and children nutrition, and further explore the relationship between them. Methods Random sampling was adopted and 7302 pairs or mot...Objective To find out the present situation of complementary feeding, breast-feeding and children nutrition, and further explore the relationship between them. Methods Random sampling was adopted and 7302 pairs or mothers and their children under 36 months were investigated by means or questionnaires. Results Breast- feeding rate was 96. 8%,but exclusive breast-feeding rate was only 37.6%. Breast-feeding rate over 12 months was 34.7%,breast-feeding rate over 24 months was only 15. 8%. Timely sucking rate was 8.4%, 19. 2% of children had too early complementary feeding, 26.8% had too late,and 43.1% had appropriate feeding. To the children over 6 months, the feeding rates or meat and eggs per week were 36.3% and 49.3%,respectively. The stunting-rate was 24.0%, underweight-rate 22.1%,and wasting-rate 8.9%. The incidence rate of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was 23.3%. Multivariable analysis showed that growth of children was associated with diet diversity,intake frequency of eggs and meat, too early complementary feeding,prolonged breast-feeding and diarrhea, etc. Conclusion In rural areas of western China,breast-feeding has been fundamentally popularized,however,the unfit complementary feeding and malnutrition of children under 36 months are common and serious,important complementary feeding recommen- dations and good hygiene condition are strongly needed.展开更多
Malnutrition among under-5 children has been linked to inadequate complementary feeding practices. Children living without permanent parents have also been proven to have a higher risk of malnutrition, which puts thei...Malnutrition among under-5 children has been linked to inadequate complementary feeding practices. Children living without permanent parents have also been proven to have a higher risk of malnutrition, which puts their growth and development in danger. In this study, an impact evaluation of nutrition education was carried out on the knowledge and practice of complementary feeding among caregivers in orphanages. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in selected orphanage homes located within Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select 50 caregivers from 8 orphanage homes. Data was collected using an adapted interviewer administered at baseline and post-intervention. The key results showed that those who had good knowledge of complementary feeding practices increased from 68.1% to 79.9% at baseline and post-intervention respectively. The WHO complementary feeding indicators that were used to measure the practice revealed that 37.5% met the minimum meal frequency (MMF), 52.5% met the minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and 35% met the minimum adequate diet (MAD) at baseline, which increased to 62.5%, 80% and 60% respectively after intervention. Conclusively, this study revealed that nutrition education improved the complementary feeding knowledge and practice of caregivers. It is recommended that such nutrition education should be introduced to new caregivers and could also be converted into policy actions at a national level.展开更多
Appropriate feeding practices are important during infancy for good health, growth and development of infants and children. WHO revised its earlier recommendation of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) of infants from 4 to ...Appropriate feeding practices are important during infancy for good health, growth and development of infants and children. WHO revised its earlier recommendation of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) of infants from 4 to 6 months of age to EBF until about 6 months of age, with the addition of complementary foods thereafter. This recommendation confirms that breast milk alone is sufficient to meet infants’ nutritional requirements for the first 6 months of life. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various feeding practices on the Nutritional status of infants 0 - 12-month-old in the Kumba 1 Sub-Division. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to August 2020. A total of 341 nursing mothers and their infants 0 - 12 months of age were recruited. Socio-demographic factors and the different feeding habits of the children were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. The overall proportion of infants who exclusively breastfed for 6 months was 69.2% and those who were mix-fed were 30.8% in the study area. The overall prevalence of malnutrition in the population was 61.0%. Among the malnourished children, 53.1% were underweight, 19.6% were wasted and 10.0% were stunted. Though not significant, the prevalence of wasting (21.0%) and underweight (58.3%) was higher among Mix-Fed (MF) children when compared to their EBF counterparts. Feeding practices affected the nutritional status of the infants. Underweight and wasting were observed among infants on Complementary Feeding (CF), although some exclusively breast-fed infants were stunted. Hence, nursing mothers should try as much as possible to practice EBF as recommended by WHO and can practice CF when the child is above six months.展开更多
Introduction:Optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding have been proven to reduce malnutrition.Declining socio-economic environment is associated with poor feeding practices,high morbidity,and risk of malnutriti...Introduction:Optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding have been proven to reduce malnutrition.Declining socio-economic environment is associated with poor feeding practices,high morbidity,and risk of malnutrition among children from urban poor families.Objective:The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess child-feeding practices and morbidity prevalence among Harare urban-families living in low socio-economic areas.Methods:A health-facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in five clinics of Harare serving low socio-economic communities between July and August 2014.A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire assessing child-feeding practices was used to interview primary caregivers.Prevalence of diarrhea,influenza,malaria,measles,fever,and cough was assessed.Data were analysed using SPSS v21.Results:A total of 218 mother-child pairs attending growth monitoring were enrolled in the study:Seventy-five percent of the children were below two years;early introduction of solid foods(before six months)was observed in 81.4%of the children.Forty-nine percent of young children were fed at least four meals per day and 74%had been weaned onto family meals;Twenty-four percent of the children had diarrhea,59%influenza,1%malaria,1%measles,23%fever and 53%cough in the month preceding the survey.Conclusion:There is a high prevalence of suboptimal feeding practices and morbidity in low socio-economic urban communities of Harare.There is need to design child-feeding interventions for the urban community targeting all family members involved in decision-making.展开更多
<strong>Introduction</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Appropriate feeding and consequentl...<strong>Introduction</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Appropriate feeding and consequently good nutritional status </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of young children largely depends on their caregivers. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aim</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The current</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> study aimed at assessing maternal/caregivers’ current knowledge, attitudes, practices, and beliefs regarding different aspects of infant and young child feeding in Eastern and Central Uganda. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: A cross-sectional survey design with mixed methods employing both qualitative and quantitative methods was used for data collection. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The study participants included 556 caregivers and 572 children. Results indicate that most caregivers (77%) were knowledgeable about key infant and young child feeding practices such as breastfeeding, complementary feeding and meal frequency. However, culture </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and economic hardships were</span><span style="color:red;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a major barrier to the applicability of this</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> knowledge. Nearly all (98%) children were ever breastfed with 41% having been initiated on breast milk in the first hour after birth and 68% of all the children below 6 months exclusively breastfed. Three percent of the children aged 6 - 23 months were classified as having either Moderate (2%) or Severe (1%) Acute malnutrition. The median birth weight was 3.2</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Kgs with nine percent of the children classified as underweight at birth. The majority (78%) of the children consumed foods from at least four food groups however only </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">44% consumed heme-rich animal flesh food such as meat, poultry, organ</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> meats and fish, 29% consumed milk and milk products while only 11% consumed eggs. The barriers to improved nutritional status and health-seeking</span><span style="color:red;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">behaviour in children from both regions were largely similar. Some of these included cultural practices which prohibit children from eating certain foods and lack of drugs in the health facilities. Lack of male involvement was a key barrier to health-seeking behaviour and the nutritional well-being of children. Males were, however, more knowledgeable about the key childcare practices that are critical to positive outcomes because they listen to radios, have access to social media and usually congregate at bars where this information is disseminated and exchanged. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> There should be continuous sensitization of mothers on the benefits of breastfeeding with special focus on early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding as well as child feeding practices during ill</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ness. To increase protein intake in children 6 - 23 months, interventions </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aimed at increasing consumption of these vital nutrients such as promotion of nutrition-sensitive agricultural enterprises like rearing of small livestock and chickens should be emphasized. Consumption of these foods is critical, especially during pregnancy and infancy. Finally, male involvement in maternal and child feeding should be encouraged.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
This study was carried out in the Health districts of Kayanza and Gahombo. Its aim was to assess the nutritional status and associated factors of infants aged between 6 and 23 months. This descriptive and cross-sectio...This study was carried out in the Health districts of Kayanza and Gahombo. Its aim was to assess the nutritional status and associated factors of infants aged between 6 and 23 months. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the health centers of the action zone during medical consultations in community medicine from 13 to 22 February 2023. For this purpose, 53.0% of a sample of 398 mothers of infants aged 6 - 23 months were male, and the most represented age group was 12 - 23 months with 53.8%. Mothers were asked about the diet of their children. All the children involved in this study were vaccinated, whereas 99.2% were given vitamin A supplements. The most frequent illnesses in this age group were acute respiratory infection (ARI) (73.4%), fever (66.6%), diarrhea (53.8%), and vomiting (40.5%). Analysis of nutritional status showed that infants had severe (8.3%) and moderate (70.4%) acute malnutrition. Factors associated with infant nutritional status comprised the occupation of mother (P = 0.009), level of education of mother (P = 0.0625), and prolonged diarrhea (P = 0.004). To remedy this problem, concrete nutritional and educational interventions are needed to promote optimal infant nutrition during the first two years of life.展开更多
This study assesses the nutritional composition as well as the availability and affordability of infant flour found on the market and in the households of Benin. To do that assessment, a two-step cross-sectional surve...This study assesses the nutritional composition as well as the availability and affordability of infant flour found on the market and in the households of Benin. To do that assessment, a two-step cross-sectional survey based on food ethnography methods was used. A total of 61 marketplaces were visited in seven towns and rural districts as part of the availability and affordability survey, while 400 children (aged 6 to 59 months) were surveyed to track the uses of infant flours at the household level. The results obtained reveal that pre-manufactured infant flour is sold more in urban areas (Cotonou, Porto-Novo and Parakou) than in rural ones. The average infant flours price did not vary (p = 0.985) in any given year (regardless of abundance or lean periods) nor does it vary (p = 0.133) from one point of sale to another (drugstore or supermarkets). However, the average price is found to be expensive considering the purchasing power of the households surveyed. On the other hand, the amount of ingredients used in the production of the flour types found on the market complies with the recommendations of the Codex Alimentarius, unlike the homemade ones. Pre-manufactured infant flour is found to be outside of the economic reach of most households (92%) who rely heavily on the homemade ones to feed their children. In light of the above, public authorities should help improve geographic access and pricing affordability to quality infant flour for low-income households in urban and remote areas. Moreover, awareness should be raised among mothers relative to the importance of complementary feeding through education on good nutrition practices.展开更多
基金This program was supported by Ministry of Health, China, and UNICEF
文摘Objective To understand the status and problems of complementary feeding and to explore the strategy of improving complementary feeding for infants and young children in China. Method Data of urban and rural children were selected from the China Food and Nutrition Surveillance System （CFNSS） dataset to describe the status of complementary feeding and growth of children. Logistic Regression was used to analyze the relationship between child growth and the complementary feeding pattern. Results Applications of foods that come from animals, vegetable/fruit and dairy product in complementary feeding were negatively correlated to the prevalence of stunting and underweight. Attributable risk （AR） of no application of vegetable/fruit in complementary feeding to stunting was 30.2%, to underweight 35.4%; AR of no application of foods from animal products in complementary feeding to stunting was 28.2%, to underweight 11.7%; and the AR of no application of diary products in complementary feeding to stunting was 27.4%, to underweight was 15.9%. Conclusion Complementary feeding contributed to the improvement of infants and young children growth in China. There is an urgent need to develop health education in the public on infants and young children complementary feeding, in the mean time, it is pressing to pay attention and take actions to develop and promote affordable, acceptable, and accessible fortified complementary food in rural areas of China.
基金supported by Center for Health Promotion,International Life Science Institute.
文摘Objective To explore the effect of in-home fortification of complementary feeding on intellectual development of Chinese children aged below 24 months. Methods One thousand and four hundred seventy eight children aged 4-12 months were recruited and divided into study groups （formula 1 group and formula 2 group） and control group. In two study groups, in addition to the usual complementary food, children were fed with a sachet of fortified food supplement each day. Protein and micronutrients were provided in formula 1 group. Formula 2 group had the same energy intake as the formula 1 group . In addition to measurement of physical growth and detection of hemoglobin level, Development Quotient （DQ） or Intelligence Quotient （IQ） was assessed. Results The DQ of children aged below 24 months was 97.2, 95.5, and 93.8 in formula 1 group, formula 2 group and control group, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The DQ of children in formula 1 group, formula 2 group, and control group was 92.7, 90.4, and 88.3 respectively in the first follow up showing statistically significant differences （P〈0.05）. And, DQ of children in formula 1 group, formula 2 group and control group were 96.7, 94.5, and 93.7 respectively in the second follow up, showing statistically significant differences （P〈0.05）. FulI-IQ of children in the formula 1 group was 3.1 and 4.5 points higher than that in formula 2 group and in control group respectively. Verbal IQ of children in the formula 1 group was 2.1 and 5 points higher than that in formula 2 group and control group respectively. Performance IQ was 2.5 and 3.1 points higher than that in formula 2 group and control group respectively. All above mentioned comparisons were statistically significant. Conclusion Fortification of complementary feeding showed persistent effect on intelligence development of young children which could persist to 6 years of age. The critical time for correction of anemia could be under 18 months.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81230016)the Project of Birth Defect Control and Prevention in Shaanxi(No.Sxwsjswzfcght2016-013)+1 种基金the Chinese Ministry of Health(MOH)the United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF)(No.YH001)
文摘Objective： This study investigated complementary feeding practices among four ethnic groups（Han, Uygur, Tibetan, and Zhuang） based on a cross-sectional survey in rural western China. Methods： In 2005, a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method was used to recruit 9712 children（7411 Han, 1032 Uygur, 678 Tibetan, and 591 Zhuang） between 6 and 35 months of age and their mothers from 45 counties in 10 provinces（autonomous regions, municipalities） in western China. Results： The rates of early introduction（before 6 months） of complementary foods in four ethnic groups（Han, Uygur, Tibetan, and Zhuang） were 71.30%, 95.95%, 82.40%, and 72.30%, respectively. The Infant and Child Feeding Index（ICFI） for Uygur and Tibetan children was lower than that for Han children at all age groups. Uygur children were more likely to have unqualified ICFI compared with Han children in a multivariate logistic regression（odds ratio（OR）=5.138, 95% confidence interval（CI）： 4.340–6.084）. A higher level of maternal education, greater family wealth, and the availability of complementary feeding educational materials decreased the likelihood of an unqualified ICFI. The nutritional status of children（Han, Tibetan, and Zhuang） with qualified ICFI was better than that for children with unqualified ICFI. Conclusions： Appropriate interventions are required to improve complementary feeding practices in rural western China.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Complementary feeding is a significant milestone that has nutritional, developmental, and health implications. Worldwide, 33% of the deaths are linked to malnutrition. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To describe the mothers’ experience about complementary feeding practice with child aged less than two years in Bangladesh. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A descriptive qualitative study was conducted from July 2018 to June 2019. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) NIANER. 20 mothers of children of 6 - 24 months of age were recruited purposively who live in Sattalla slum. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the mothers’ demographic characteristics and thematic analysis was used to describe mothers’ experience about complementary feeding practice. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The study showed that the average age of the mothers was 25 (SD = 4.75) years. Only 5% of the mothers have higher education. Through the findings, two main themes have been identified. Moreover, first main theme includes three subthemes. Fifty percent of the mothers stated that appropriate time to start complementary food for their babies is from 6 months of age. Mothers feed various types of complementary foods. Most of the mothers have knowledge about complementary feeding but they do not practice appropriately. Almost all of the mothers (95%) stated that their babies do not like to eat anything, and 45% of mothers feed only breast milk. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Findings of the study will provide information for the nurses resulted in increasing the rate of complementary feeding practice among mothers of children in Bangladesh. Future study is needed to identify the factors influencing complementary feeding practice among mothers of 6 - 24 months old children in Bangladesh.</span></span>
基金This study is supported by the United Nations Children's FundBasic Investigation Group of 40 comprehensive Item Counties of
文摘Objective To find out the present situation of complementary feeding, breast-feeding and children nutrition, and further explore the relationship between them. Methods Random sampling was adopted and 7302 pairs or mothers and their children under 36 months were investigated by means or questionnaires. Results Breast- feeding rate was 96. 8%,but exclusive breast-feeding rate was only 37.6%. Breast-feeding rate over 12 months was 34.7%,breast-feeding rate over 24 months was only 15. 8%. Timely sucking rate was 8.4%, 19. 2% of children had too early complementary feeding, 26.8% had too late,and 43.1% had appropriate feeding. To the children over 6 months, the feeding rates or meat and eggs per week were 36.3% and 49.3%,respectively. The stunting-rate was 24.0%, underweight-rate 22.1%,and wasting-rate 8.9%. The incidence rate of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was 23.3%. Multivariable analysis showed that growth of children was associated with diet diversity,intake frequency of eggs and meat, too early complementary feeding,prolonged breast-feeding and diarrhea, etc. Conclusion In rural areas of western China,breast-feeding has been fundamentally popularized,however,the unfit complementary feeding and malnutrition of children under 36 months are common and serious,important complementary feeding recommen- dations and good hygiene condition are strongly needed.
文摘Malnutrition among under-5 children has been linked to inadequate complementary feeding practices. Children living without permanent parents have also been proven to have a higher risk of malnutrition, which puts their growth and development in danger. In this study, an impact evaluation of nutrition education was carried out on the knowledge and practice of complementary feeding among caregivers in orphanages. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in selected orphanage homes located within Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select 50 caregivers from 8 orphanage homes. Data was collected using an adapted interviewer administered at baseline and post-intervention. The key results showed that those who had good knowledge of complementary feeding practices increased from 68.1% to 79.9% at baseline and post-intervention respectively. The WHO complementary feeding indicators that were used to measure the practice revealed that 37.5% met the minimum meal frequency (MMF), 52.5% met the minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and 35% met the minimum adequate diet (MAD) at baseline, which increased to 62.5%, 80% and 60% respectively after intervention. Conclusively, this study revealed that nutrition education improved the complementary feeding knowledge and practice of caregivers. It is recommended that such nutrition education should be introduced to new caregivers and could also be converted into policy actions at a national level.
文摘Appropriate feeding practices are important during infancy for good health, growth and development of infants and children. WHO revised its earlier recommendation of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) of infants from 4 to 6 months of age to EBF until about 6 months of age, with the addition of complementary foods thereafter. This recommendation confirms that breast milk alone is sufficient to meet infants’ nutritional requirements for the first 6 months of life. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various feeding practices on the Nutritional status of infants 0 - 12-month-old in the Kumba 1 Sub-Division. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to August 2020. A total of 341 nursing mothers and their infants 0 - 12 months of age were recruited. Socio-demographic factors and the different feeding habits of the children were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. The overall proportion of infants who exclusively breastfed for 6 months was 69.2% and those who were mix-fed were 30.8% in the study area. The overall prevalence of malnutrition in the population was 61.0%. Among the malnourished children, 53.1% were underweight, 19.6% were wasted and 10.0% were stunted. Though not significant, the prevalence of wasting (21.0%) and underweight (58.3%) was higher among Mix-Fed (MF) children when compared to their EBF counterparts. Feeding practices affected the nutritional status of the infants. Underweight and wasting were observed among infants on Complementary Feeding (CF), although some exclusively breast-fed infants were stunted. Hence, nursing mothers should try as much as possible to practice EBF as recommended by WHO and can practice CF when the child is above six months.
基金We extend our appreciation to every mother and child who participated in this study.We would also like to thank the Harare City Health Department for permitting us to carry out our study.DTC received support from the National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center(grant#D43TW007991)the DAAD German Exchange Service scholarship(grant#A1294524).
文摘Introduction:Optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding have been proven to reduce malnutrition.Declining socio-economic environment is associated with poor feeding practices,high morbidity,and risk of malnutrition among children from urban poor families.Objective:The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess child-feeding practices and morbidity prevalence among Harare urban-families living in low socio-economic areas.Methods:A health-facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in five clinics of Harare serving low socio-economic communities between July and August 2014.A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire assessing child-feeding practices was used to interview primary caregivers.Prevalence of diarrhea,influenza,malaria,measles,fever,and cough was assessed.Data were analysed using SPSS v21.Results:A total of 218 mother-child pairs attending growth monitoring were enrolled in the study:Seventy-five percent of the children were below two years;early introduction of solid foods(before six months)was observed in 81.4%of the children.Forty-nine percent of young children were fed at least four meals per day and 74%had been weaned onto family meals;Twenty-four percent of the children had diarrhea,59%influenza,1%malaria,1%measles,23%fever and 53%cough in the month preceding the survey.Conclusion:There is a high prevalence of suboptimal feeding practices and morbidity in low socio-economic urban communities of Harare.There is need to design child-feeding interventions for the urban community targeting all family members involved in decision-making.
文摘<strong>Introduction</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Appropriate feeding and consequently good nutritional status </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of young children largely depends on their caregivers. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aim</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The current</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> study aimed at assessing maternal/caregivers’ current knowledge, attitudes, practices, and beliefs regarding different aspects of infant and young child feeding in Eastern and Central Uganda. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: A cross-sectional survey design with mixed methods employing both qualitative and quantitative methods was used for data collection. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The study participants included 556 caregivers and 572 children. Results indicate that most caregivers (77%) were knowledgeable about key infant and young child feeding practices such as breastfeeding, complementary feeding and meal frequency. However, culture </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and economic hardships were</span><span style="color:red;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a major barrier to the applicability of this</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> knowledge. Nearly all (98%) children were ever breastfed with 41% having been initiated on breast milk in the first hour after birth and 68% of all the children below 6 months exclusively breastfed. Three percent of the children aged 6 - 23 months were classified as having either Moderate (2%) or Severe (1%) Acute malnutrition. The median birth weight was 3.2</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Kgs with nine percent of the children classified as underweight at birth. The majority (78%) of the children consumed foods from at least four food groups however only </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">44% consumed heme-rich animal flesh food such as meat, poultry, organ</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> meats and fish, 29% consumed milk and milk products while only 11% consumed eggs. The barriers to improved nutritional status and health-seeking</span><span style="color:red;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">behaviour in children from both regions were largely similar. Some of these included cultural practices which prohibit children from eating certain foods and lack of drugs in the health facilities. Lack of male involvement was a key barrier to health-seeking behaviour and the nutritional well-being of children. Males were, however, more knowledgeable about the key childcare practices that are critical to positive outcomes because they listen to radios, have access to social media and usually congregate at bars where this information is disseminated and exchanged. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> There should be continuous sensitization of mothers on the benefits of breastfeeding with special focus on early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding as well as child feeding practices during ill</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ness. To increase protein intake in children 6 - 23 months, interventions </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aimed at increasing consumption of these vital nutrients such as promotion of nutrition-sensitive agricultural enterprises like rearing of small livestock and chickens should be emphasized. Consumption of these foods is critical, especially during pregnancy and infancy. Finally, male involvement in maternal and child feeding should be encouraged.</span></span></span></span>
文摘This study was carried out in the Health districts of Kayanza and Gahombo. Its aim was to assess the nutritional status and associated factors of infants aged between 6 and 23 months. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the health centers of the action zone during medical consultations in community medicine from 13 to 22 February 2023. For this purpose, 53.0% of a sample of 398 mothers of infants aged 6 - 23 months were male, and the most represented age group was 12 - 23 months with 53.8%. Mothers were asked about the diet of their children. All the children involved in this study were vaccinated, whereas 99.2% were given vitamin A supplements. The most frequent illnesses in this age group were acute respiratory infection (ARI) (73.4%), fever (66.6%), diarrhea (53.8%), and vomiting (40.5%). Analysis of nutritional status showed that infants had severe (8.3%) and moderate (70.4%) acute malnutrition. Factors associated with infant nutritional status comprised the occupation of mother (P = 0.009), level of education of mother (P = 0.0625), and prolonged diarrhea (P = 0.004). To remedy this problem, concrete nutritional and educational interventions are needed to promote optimal infant nutrition during the first two years of life.
文摘This study assesses the nutritional composition as well as the availability and affordability of infant flour found on the market and in the households of Benin. To do that assessment, a two-step cross-sectional survey based on food ethnography methods was used. A total of 61 marketplaces were visited in seven towns and rural districts as part of the availability and affordability survey, while 400 children (aged 6 to 59 months) were surveyed to track the uses of infant flours at the household level. The results obtained reveal that pre-manufactured infant flour is sold more in urban areas (Cotonou, Porto-Novo and Parakou) than in rural ones. The average infant flours price did not vary (p = 0.985) in any given year (regardless of abundance or lean periods) nor does it vary (p = 0.133) from one point of sale to another (drugstore or supermarkets). However, the average price is found to be expensive considering the purchasing power of the households surveyed. On the other hand, the amount of ingredients used in the production of the flour types found on the market complies with the recommendations of the Codex Alimentarius, unlike the homemade ones. Pre-manufactured infant flour is found to be outside of the economic reach of most households (92%) who rely heavily on the homemade ones to feed their children. In light of the above, public authorities should help improve geographic access and pricing affordability to quality infant flour for low-income households in urban and remote areas. Moreover, awareness should be raised among mothers relative to the importance of complementary feeding through education on good nutrition practices.
