This paper introduces the situation and the comparative advantage of Chinese textile ＆ apparel industry. The negative impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Chinese textile ＆ apparel＇s competitiveness is that...This paper introduces the situation and the comparative advantage of Chinese textile ＆ apparel industry. The negative impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Chinese textile ＆ apparel＇s competitiveness is that it will alter corporation＇s pricing strategies and lack of green competitiveness. The positive impact is that it will uphold enterprise competitiveness and upgrade enterprise strategy resilience. Chinese textile and apparel should mix CSR strategy into enterprise production, management, employees＇ training as well as the marketing in order to improve its competitiveness.展开更多
The relative competitive ability of native and alien species,which consists of competitive effect(CE)and response(CR),has often been invoked as a key determinant of invasion success.Previous studies have reported that...The relative competitive ability of native and alien species,which consists of competitive effect(CE)and response(CR),has often been invoked as a key determinant of invasion success.Previous studies have reported that an alien species with a high CE and/or a low CR would successfully invade a native species.However,no studies have yet empirically examined the hypothesis or tested the consistency of invasion outcomes predicted by the CE-CR framework and modern species coexistence theory(MCT).To fill this research gap,we conducted a pairwise competition experiment between five alien and five native species,quantified CE and CR based on their biomass in the absence and presence of one competitor,and predicted invasion outcomes based on both CE-CR and MCT frameworks.We have demonstrated theoretically that the CE and CR frequently measured in previous work are only approximations of interspecific competitive coefficients,and thus could not completely predict the invasion outcomes.As we expected,the invasion outcomes predicted by the CE-CR framework were partially consistent with the predictions by the MCT framework.Specifically,aliens with low CR and high CE tended to exclude natives,while aliens with high CR and low CE tended to be excluded by natives according to MCT.In contrast,pairs of stable coexistence and priority effects did not conform to the theoretical expectation.Despite the theoretical defects of the CE-CR framework,it can provide some useful value in predicting the invasion outcomes,especially when intrinsic growth rate and intraspecific competition coefficients are not available.Our study is the first to compare invasion outcomes separately derived from qualitative(the CE-CR framework)and quantitative(the MCT framework)methods.We recommend that future research should adopt quantitative approaches such as MCT as far as possible,to more comprehensively understand and predict the biotic outcomes of interacting species.展开更多
Reverse logistics are playing more and more important role with the development of competition and the social responsibility of enterprises.It could be divided into commission acceptance,recycling and returned goods h...Reverse logistics are playing more and more important role with the development of competition and the social responsibility of enterprises.It could be divided into commission acceptance,recycling and returned goods handling.Reverse logistics information system consists of the database establishment,network structure and logic structure design.The collection,storage,processing,transmission and output functions of the reverse logistics information system were discussed in the thesis.Eventually,it established seven modules for the reverse logistics information system including the system management module,oriented module,returning goods processing module,reverse transportation management module,information sharing module,statistical analysis module and cost control module.展开更多
Aims Many observations concerning biological and ecological differentiation between narrow endemic and widespread congeneric plant species suggest that narrow endemic species are constrained to colonize marginal habit...Aims Many observations concerning biological and ecological differentiation between narrow endemic and widespread congeneric plant species suggest that narrow endemic species are constrained to colonize marginal habitats because of a low tolerance to competition.Despite this topic being an important issue both for understanding evolutionary processes leading to endemism and for conservation purposes,few studies have been performed to compare competitive abilities between endemic and widespread species.Here,we present two independent experiments performed under controlled conditions using two different pairs of endemic and widespread congeneric species:Centaurea corymbosa/Centaurea maculosa and Arenaria provincialis/Arenaria serpyllifolia,both endemic species occurring in rocky calcareous habitats.Methods Mature seeds of C.corymbosa and C.maculosa were sown in pots containing ramets of the common grass,Brachypodium retusum.Pots were sorted in three treatments according to grass cover(low,intermediate and high).A control treatment(without competition)was also used.Germination,seedling survival and rosette growth were followed.For the comparisons between A.provincialis and A.serpyllifolia,seeds from natural populations were first sown without a competitor.One week after germination,healthy seedlings were transplanted in pots without Brachypodium seedling(control)or containing two Brachypodium seedlings(low competition)or four seedlings(high competition).We checked the number of capsules per individual,and we harvested the biomass after capsule maturation.Important Findings Despite differences in the protocol design,results are congruent,and in both cases,endemic species are highly affected by the presence of a competitor,as are the widespread species,although we did not detect any differences between species for response to competition.The results are discussed in relation to processes leading to endemism,suggesting that the specialist model is more likely for both the study species.The present study also contributes to guidelines for the conservation of rare species in relation to landscape modification in the Mediterranean area.展开更多
Background The changing hydrological conditions in wetland ecosystems are often accompanied by salt fluctuations.However,how fluctuating salt conditions affect growth and interspecific competition of dominant plants i...Background The changing hydrological conditions in wetland ecosystems are often accompanied by salt fluctuations.However,how fluctuating salt conditions affect growth and interspecific competition of dominant plants in wetlands remains unclear.This study aims to investigate the response of growth and competitive ability of a dominant species in inland salt marshes,Bolboschoenus planiculmis,under different salt conditions and test if B.planiculmis is more adapted to the fluctuating salt environments.Methods We quantified the growth indices and competitive response of B.planiculmis and two other dominant species Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa under five salt treatments(control,constant Na Cl,constant mixed salt,pulsed increase of mixed salt,and fixed increase of mixed salt)and two competition treatments(no competition and interspecific competition)in a greenhouse experiment.Results We found that the total biomass of B.planiculmis was significantly higher under the mixed salt treatments compared to the Na Cl treatment,and was more advantageous than S.salsa in the mixed salt treatments when competing with it.Fluctuating mixed salt treatments significantly increased the total biomass of B.planiculmis more than the constant mixed salt treatment.Particularly,B.planiculmis benefited more than P.australis or S.salsa in competition.Moreover,the competitive response of B.planiculmis was stronger than the other two species in the fluctuating mixed salt treatments,although the biomass of B.planiculmis was lower than the other two species.Conclusion Our results demonstrated that fluctuating salt conditions prioritized interspecific competition of B.planiculmis.We support the competition-to-stress hypothesis that the competition ability rather than salt stress tolerance was the main determinant of species survival in fluctuating salt with a less stressful survival condition.Our study provides important information in understanding community composition changes and restoration of degraded salt marshes.展开更多
Aims Clonal plant species have the potential for high relative performance in heterogeneous environments,and this might increase the com-petitive ability and invasiveness of introduced clonal plant species.It was hypo...Aims Clonal plant species have the potential for high relative performance in heterogeneous environments,and this might increase the com-petitive ability and invasiveness of introduced clonal plant species.It was hypothesized that clonal species whose performance responds more to heterogeneity of a resource have higher competitive ability in habitats where this resource is more heterogeneous and that this relationship is stronger when other resources are less limiting.Methods To test these hypotheses,the perennial clonal herb Alternanthera philoxeroides,which is invasive in China,was grown alone or with each of four clonal perennial,co-occurring herbs native to China,i.e.Alternanthera sessilis,Cynodon dactylon,Hemarthria altissima and Wedelia chinensis.Plants were given homogeneous or het-erogeneous soil substrate crossed with low and high levels of soil moisture.Important Findings Effects of heterogeneity on the accumulation of mass and ramets and on competitive effect and response of A.philoxeroides differed between native species and interacted with effects of soil moisture.A.philoxeroides reduced the final total mass or ramet number of the native species except A.sessilis,and the negative competitive effects on H.altissima and C.dactylon were more pronounced in heterogeneous than in homogeneous soil.Competitive response of A.philoxeroides was more negative to A.sessilis than to the other native species.Across native species,the competitive response of A.philoxeroides was more negative in heterogeneous than in homo-geneous soils at low moisture level,but the reverse was true at high moisture level.Results do not consistently support either hypoth-esis,but do suggest that competitive ability can be partly explained by individual species traits such as size,and that some competi-tive effects and responses are emergent properties of interspecific interactions.展开更多
文摘This paper introduces the situation and the comparative advantage of Chinese textile ＆ apparel industry. The negative impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Chinese textile ＆ apparel＇s competitiveness is that it will alter corporation＇s pricing strategies and lack of green competitiveness. The positive impact is that it will uphold enterprise competitiveness and upgrade enterprise strategy resilience. Chinese textile and apparel should mix CSR strategy into enterprise production, management, employees＇ training as well as the marketing in order to improve its competitiveness.
基金the China National Key Research Development Program(2022YFF0802300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31925027,32330064 and 32271595)+1 种基金support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness(MINECO)by the European Social Fund through the Ramón y Cajal Program(RYC-2017-23666).
文摘The relative competitive ability of native and alien species,which consists of competitive effect(CE)and response(CR),has often been invoked as a key determinant of invasion success.Previous studies have reported that an alien species with a high CE and/or a low CR would successfully invade a native species.However,no studies have yet empirically examined the hypothesis or tested the consistency of invasion outcomes predicted by the CE-CR framework and modern species coexistence theory(MCT).To fill this research gap,we conducted a pairwise competition experiment between five alien and five native species,quantified CE and CR based on their biomass in the absence and presence of one competitor,and predicted invasion outcomes based on both CE-CR and MCT frameworks.We have demonstrated theoretically that the CE and CR frequently measured in previous work are only approximations of interspecific competitive coefficients,and thus could not completely predict the invasion outcomes.As we expected,the invasion outcomes predicted by the CE-CR framework were partially consistent with the predictions by the MCT framework.Specifically,aliens with low CR and high CE tended to exclude natives,while aliens with high CR and low CE tended to be excluded by natives according to MCT.In contrast,pairs of stable coexistence and priority effects did not conform to the theoretical expectation.Despite the theoretical defects of the CE-CR framework,it can provide some useful value in predicting the invasion outcomes,especially when intrinsic growth rate and intraspecific competition coefficients are not available.Our study is the first to compare invasion outcomes separately derived from qualitative(the CE-CR framework)and quantitative(the MCT framework)methods.We recommend that future research should adopt quantitative approaches such as MCT as far as possible,to more comprehensively understand and predict the biotic outcomes of interacting species.
基金Course Construction of Customs Practice,China(No.z201308003)
文摘Reverse logistics are playing more and more important role with the development of competition and the social responsibility of enterprises.It could be divided into commission acceptance,recycling and returned goods handling.Reverse logistics information system consists of the database establishment,network structure and logic structure design.The collection,storage,processing,transmission and output functions of the reverse logistics information system were discussed in the thesis.Eventually,it established seven modules for the reverse logistics information system including the system management module,oriented module,returning goods processing module,reverse transportation management module,information sharing module,statistical analysis module and cost control module.
基金The research on A.provincialis was supported by the CNRS,the French National Office of Forests(ONF)the General Council of the Bouches du Rhoˆne(CG13).
文摘Aims Many observations concerning biological and ecological differentiation between narrow endemic and widespread congeneric plant species suggest that narrow endemic species are constrained to colonize marginal habitats because of a low tolerance to competition.Despite this topic being an important issue both for understanding evolutionary processes leading to endemism and for conservation purposes,few studies have been performed to compare competitive abilities between endemic and widespread species.Here,we present two independent experiments performed under controlled conditions using two different pairs of endemic and widespread congeneric species:Centaurea corymbosa/Centaurea maculosa and Arenaria provincialis/Arenaria serpyllifolia,both endemic species occurring in rocky calcareous habitats.Methods Mature seeds of C.corymbosa and C.maculosa were sown in pots containing ramets of the common grass,Brachypodium retusum.Pots were sorted in three treatments according to grass cover(low,intermediate and high).A control treatment(without competition)was also used.Germination,seedling survival and rosette growth were followed.For the comparisons between A.provincialis and A.serpyllifolia,seeds from natural populations were first sown without a competitor.One week after germination,healthy seedlings were transplanted in pots without Brachypodium seedling(control)or containing two Brachypodium seedlings(low competition)or four seedlings(high competition).We checked the number of capsules per individual,and we harvested the biomass after capsule maturation.Important Findings Despite differences in the protocol design,results are congruent,and in both cases,endemic species are highly affected by the presence of a competitor,as are the widespread species,although we did not detect any differences between species for response to competition.The results are discussed in relation to processes leading to endemism,suggesting that the specialist model is more likely for both the study species.The present study also contributes to guidelines for the conservation of rare species in relation to landscape modification in the Mediterranean area.
基金financially supported by the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program(2022xjkk0404)the National Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(2019FY100601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(W2412123,32271624,32271579 and 31670446)
文摘Background The changing hydrological conditions in wetland ecosystems are often accompanied by salt fluctuations.However,how fluctuating salt conditions affect growth and interspecific competition of dominant plants in wetlands remains unclear.This study aims to investigate the response of growth and competitive ability of a dominant species in inland salt marshes,Bolboschoenus planiculmis,under different salt conditions and test if B.planiculmis is more adapted to the fluctuating salt environments.Methods We quantified the growth indices and competitive response of B.planiculmis and two other dominant species Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa under five salt treatments(control,constant Na Cl,constant mixed salt,pulsed increase of mixed salt,and fixed increase of mixed salt)and two competition treatments(no competition and interspecific competition)in a greenhouse experiment.Results We found that the total biomass of B.planiculmis was significantly higher under the mixed salt treatments compared to the Na Cl treatment,and was more advantageous than S.salsa in the mixed salt treatments when competing with it.Fluctuating mixed salt treatments significantly increased the total biomass of B.planiculmis more than the constant mixed salt treatment.Particularly,B.planiculmis benefited more than P.australis or S.salsa in competition.Moreover,the competitive response of B.planiculmis was stronger than the other two species in the fluctuating mixed salt treatments,although the biomass of B.planiculmis was lower than the other two species.Conclusion Our results demonstrated that fluctuating salt conditions prioritized interspecific competition of B.planiculmis.We support the competition-to-stress hypothesis that the competition ability rather than salt stress tolerance was the main determinant of species survival in fluctuating salt with a less stressful survival condition.Our study provides important information in understanding community composition changes and restoration of degraded salt marshes.
基金This research was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(TD-JC-2013-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31570413,31500331).
文摘Aims Clonal plant species have the potential for high relative performance in heterogeneous environments,and this might increase the com-petitive ability and invasiveness of introduced clonal plant species.It was hypothesized that clonal species whose performance responds more to heterogeneity of a resource have higher competitive ability in habitats where this resource is more heterogeneous and that this relationship is stronger when other resources are less limiting.Methods To test these hypotheses,the perennial clonal herb Alternanthera philoxeroides,which is invasive in China,was grown alone or with each of four clonal perennial,co-occurring herbs native to China,i.e.Alternanthera sessilis,Cynodon dactylon,Hemarthria altissima and Wedelia chinensis.Plants were given homogeneous or het-erogeneous soil substrate crossed with low and high levels of soil moisture.Important Findings Effects of heterogeneity on the accumulation of mass and ramets and on competitive effect and response of A.philoxeroides differed between native species and interacted with effects of soil moisture.A.philoxeroides reduced the final total mass or ramet number of the native species except A.sessilis,and the negative competitive effects on H.altissima and C.dactylon were more pronounced in heterogeneous than in homogeneous soil.Competitive response of A.philoxeroides was more negative to A.sessilis than to the other native species.Across native species,the competitive response of A.philoxeroides was more negative in heterogeneous than in homo-geneous soils at low moisture level,but the reverse was true at high moisture level.Results do not consistently support either hypoth-esis,but do suggest that competitive ability can be partly explained by individual species traits such as size,and that some competi-tive effects and responses are emergent properties of interspecific interactions.
