The differences in the competitive reactions of hydrogarnet and quicklime when reacting with titaniumcontaining and silicon-containing minerals during the Bayer digestion process were investigated.Thermodynamic analys...The differences in the competitive reactions of hydrogarnet and quicklime when reacting with titaniumcontaining and silicon-containing minerals during the Bayer digestion process were investigated.Thermodynamic analysis,artificial mineral experiments,and an evaluation of the digestion effect of natural diasporic bauxite were conducted.The results indicate that hydrogarnet shows a preferential reaction with anatase,and this preference becomes more pronounced as the silicon saturation coefficient increases.In contrast,quicklime participates in non-selective reactions with both anatase and desilication products(DSP).The preference of hydrogarnet for anatase significantly enhances the utilization efficiency of CaO in the high-temperature Bayer digestion process.展开更多
BACKGROUND The neural mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior in schizophrenia(SCZ)remain poorly understood.To date,no studies have reported on the event-related potential(ERP)characteristics of aggression in SCZ us...BACKGROUND The neural mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior in schizophrenia(SCZ)remain poorly understood.To date,no studies have reported on the event-related potential(ERP)characteristics of aggression in SCZ using the competitive reaction time task(CRTT).Further investigation into the ERP correlates of aggression in SCZ would provide valuable insights into the neural processes involved.AIM To explore the neural mechanism of aggressive behavior in SCZ.METHODS Participants of this study included 40 SCZ patients and 42 healthy controls(HCs).The Reactive Proactive Aggression Questionnaire was used to assess trait of aggression.The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 was used to measure impulsiveness.The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS)was used to evaluate psychopathological features and disease severity.All participants were measured with ERP while performing the CRTT.Data of behavior,ERP components(P2,N2,and P3),and feedback-related negativity(FRN)were analyzed.RESULTS Analysis of the behavioral data revealed that compared with HCs,SCZ patients exhibited higher punishment choices.Analysis of ERP components showed that compared with HCs,SCZ patients exhibited higher N2 amplitudes and P2 amplitudes during the decision phase of the CRTT;however,SCZ patients exhibited lower FRN amplitudes and lower P3 amplitudes during the outcome phase of the CRTT.The N2 amplitudes evoked by highintensity provocation were positively related to PANSS-P scores.And the P3 amplitudes evoked in the winning trials were negatively correlated with the PANSS-G scores.CONCLUSION SCZ patients exhibit abnormal ERP characteristics evoked by the CRTT,which suggests the neural correlates of aggressive behavior in SCZ.展开更多
Two kinds of metal chelates of rare earth elements reacted with tribrimoarsenazo formed under the condition of critic acid were observed by simultaneous technique of capillary electrophoresisphotothermal interference ...Two kinds of metal chelates of rare earth elements reacted with tribrimoarsenazo formed under the condition of critic acid were observed by simultaneous technique of capillary electrophoresisphotothermal interference spectrometry. The tendency of the conversion between these chelates as functions of the mole ratio of the reagent and the metal, pH value and the elapsing time was investigated. Kinetic equation of competitive chelating reaction between the TBA-La (Ⅲ) and La (Ⅲ) -critic acid were established. It was found that the competitive chelating reaction follows secondorder kinetics, for this second-order reaction, k=5.55 L·mol-1·S-1.展开更多
An easy and reliable method was developed for construction and quantification of competitive templates, which shared the same sequence as the amplified target DNA except for a 20 bp insertion in the middle by recombi...An easy and reliable method was developed for construction and quantification of competitive templates, which shared the same sequence as the amplified target DNA except for a 20 bp insertion in the middle by recombinant polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among the advantages of competitive PCR is that any predictable or unpredictable variable that affects amplification has the same effect on both target and competitor species and that the final ratio of amplified products reflects exactly the initial targets. The utilization of a thermostable reverse transcriptase in the RT step was proposed to overcome the problem of the efficiency of target cDNA synthesis. In addition, to obtain reliable measurements, it was recommended to perform four PCR with amounts of competitive template flanking the concentration of the target mRNA.展开更多
The extensive use of glyphosate poses a potential threat to food safety,human health,and the ecological environment.Hence,detecting glyphosate residues in food is of great significance for food safety.In this work,the...The extensive use of glyphosate poses a potential threat to food safety,human health,and the ecological environment.Hence,detecting glyphosate residues in food is of great significance for food safety.In this work,the synthesis of zinc-organic frameworks(Zn-MOFs)was achieved through the coordination of Zn^(2+)with the 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid(DOBDC)ligand.Upon excitation at 350 nm,these Zn-MOFs exhibited robust fluorescence emission at 533 nm.However,upon the addition of iron ions,the Zn-MOFs structure disintegrated,forming a blue Fe-DOBDC complex,resulting in fluorescence quenching.In the presence of glyphosate,the iron ions were chelated by glyphosate,causing the system to lighten in color and restore fluorescence.Further,the mechanism of this strategy was investigated,which was achieved by utilizing the competitive interaction of glyphosate and Zn-MOFs for iron ions.The binding stoichiometry and binding constant of glyphosate:Fe^(3+)are 1:1 and 7.59×10^(3) M^(-1) using the Job’s plot and Benesi-Hildebrand equation,respectively.To enhance glyphosate detection,this study introduced an ingenious dual-mode strategy.By analyzing the colorimetric and fluorescence changes before and after glyphosate addition,we can accurately determine its concentration in the system.The combined colorimetric and fluorescent modalities offer improved reliability and applicability,boasting simplicity,rapidity,and cost-effectiveness.This innovative method is anticipated to find widespread applications and offers novel perspectives on pesticide detection platforms based on ligand competition effects.展开更多
Water is the most abundant compound inherently existing in bio-oils. Thus understanding the role of water within bio-oils upgrading process is essential for future engineering scale-up design. In this study, furfural ...Water is the most abundant compound inherently existing in bio-oils. Thus understanding the role of water within bio-oils upgrading process is essential for future engineering scale-up design. In this study, furfural was chosen as bio-oils model compound, and the catalytic hydrogenation of furfural over commercial 5%, Ru/C catalyst was firstly investigated in a series of gradient variable water/ethanol mixture solvents. Water had a significant effect on the distribution of product yields. The dominant reaction pathways varied with the water contents in the water/ethanol mixture solvents. Typically, when ethanol was used as the solvent, the main products were obtained by the hydrogenation of carbonyl group or furan ring. When pure water was used as the solvent, the rearrangement reaction of furfural to cyclopentanone should be selectively promoted theoretically. However, serious polymerization and resinification were observed herein in catalytic hydrogenation system of pure water. The catalyst surface was modified by the water-insoluble polymers, and consequently, a relative low yield of cyclopentanone was obtained. A plausible multiple competitive reaction mechanism between polymerization reaction and the hydrogenation of furfural was suggested in this study. Characterizations(TG,FT-IR,SEM)were employed to analyze and explain our experiments.展开更多
Efficient seawater electrolysis has become one of the promising strategies for sustainable hydrogen production,while the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in chloride-rich environments is hindered by slow kinetics and the...Efficient seawater electrolysis has become one of the promising strategies for sustainable hydrogen production,while the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in chloride-rich environments is hindered by slow kinetics and the competitive chlorine evolution reaction(ClER).This study presents a chromium-doped Ni-Fe oxyhydroxide catalyst(Cr_(x)Ni-FeOOH/NF)synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal method,enabling enhanced OER activity and chloride resistance.The optimized Cr_(M)Ni-FeOOH/NF catalyst achieves a low overpotential of 230 mV at 100 mA cm^(-2) with a competitive Tafel slope of 57.1 mV dec^(-1),reflecting accelerated reaction kinetics due to Cr^(3+)-induced electronic modulation.Cr doping optimizes oxygen intermediate adsorption and forms a hydroxyl-rich surface to repel Cl^(-),suppressing chlorine evolution by>99.7%.While chromium leaching from the catalyst surface was observed during long-term operation,the optimized Cr_(M)Ni-FeOOH/NF exhibited less than 3% activity loss over 100 hours under high Cl^(-)conditions,highlighting the initial efficacy of Cr in enhancing OER kinetics and chloride resistance.Furthermore,the catalyst demonstrated robust performance in an anion-exchange membrane electrolyzer,maintaining stable operation at 200 mA cm^(-2) for over 40 hours.This work bridges material design and device validation,offering a scalable strategy for durable simulated seawater electrolysis to advance sustainable hydrogen production.展开更多
The use of renewable energy for hydrogen production through water electrolysis is a critical pathway for green hydrogen generation.Compared to pure water electrolysis,direct electrolysis of seawater offers several adv...The use of renewable energy for hydrogen production through water electrolysis is a critical pathway for green hydrogen generation.Compared to pure water electrolysis,direct electrolysis of seawater offers several advantages,such as raw material availability and application diversity.However,the complex composition of seawater presents significant technical challenges,particularly the competitive chloride oxidation reaction(ClOR)at the anode,which leads to equipment corrosion[1].展开更多
The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique was used to study the reaction ofphenyl isocyanate and cellulose with different moisture contents (MC). The C1S XPS peak of cellulose isonly one symmetrical contrib...The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique was used to study the reaction ofphenyl isocyanate and cellulose with different moisture contents (MC). The C1S XPS peak of cellulose isonly one symmetrical contribution at 285.95 eV. While the C1S XPS peaks of N,N-dibenzylurea, thereaction resultant of phenyl isocyanate and water, have two contributions at 288.6±0.1 eV and 284.7±0.1 eV corresponding to the carbonyl group and phenyl ring group, respectively. Their area ratio isbetween 11.88 and 11.98 that is quite neat to the theoretical value of 12.0. With the moisture content (MC)of cellulose increased, the proportion of isocyanate reacted with water increased. When the MC reaches 9.78%, 92.98% of all consumed isocyanate will react with water. By spattering analysis, it reveals that thereaction resultants of benzyl isocyanate distribute mainly on the surface of cellulose.展开更多
基金the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2022JJ40616)。
文摘The differences in the competitive reactions of hydrogarnet and quicklime when reacting with titaniumcontaining and silicon-containing minerals during the Bayer digestion process were investigated.Thermodynamic analysis,artificial mineral experiments,and an evaluation of the digestion effect of natural diasporic bauxite were conducted.The results indicate that hydrogarnet shows a preferential reaction with anatase,and this preference becomes more pronounced as the silicon saturation coefficient increases.In contrast,quicklime participates in non-selective reactions with both anatase and desilication products(DSP).The preference of hydrogarnet for anatase significantly enhances the utilization efficiency of CaO in the high-temperature Bayer digestion process.
基金Supported by Wuxi Municipal Health Commission Major Project,No.Z202107Wuxi Taihu Talent Project,No.WXTTP 2021.
文摘BACKGROUND The neural mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior in schizophrenia(SCZ)remain poorly understood.To date,no studies have reported on the event-related potential(ERP)characteristics of aggression in SCZ using the competitive reaction time task(CRTT).Further investigation into the ERP correlates of aggression in SCZ would provide valuable insights into the neural processes involved.AIM To explore the neural mechanism of aggressive behavior in SCZ.METHODS Participants of this study included 40 SCZ patients and 42 healthy controls(HCs).The Reactive Proactive Aggression Questionnaire was used to assess trait of aggression.The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 was used to measure impulsiveness.The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS)was used to evaluate psychopathological features and disease severity.All participants were measured with ERP while performing the CRTT.Data of behavior,ERP components(P2,N2,and P3),and feedback-related negativity(FRN)were analyzed.RESULTS Analysis of the behavioral data revealed that compared with HCs,SCZ patients exhibited higher punishment choices.Analysis of ERP components showed that compared with HCs,SCZ patients exhibited higher N2 amplitudes and P2 amplitudes during the decision phase of the CRTT;however,SCZ patients exhibited lower FRN amplitudes and lower P3 amplitudes during the outcome phase of the CRTT.The N2 amplitudes evoked by highintensity provocation were positively related to PANSS-P scores.And the P3 amplitudes evoked in the winning trials were negatively correlated with the PANSS-G scores.CONCLUSION SCZ patients exhibit abnormal ERP characteristics evoked by the CRTT,which suggests the neural correlates of aggressive behavior in SCZ.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20005005) Chengguang Project of Wuhan, and Visiting Scholar Foundation of Key Lab in University.
文摘Two kinds of metal chelates of rare earth elements reacted with tribrimoarsenazo formed under the condition of critic acid were observed by simultaneous technique of capillary electrophoresisphotothermal interference spectrometry. The tendency of the conversion between these chelates as functions of the mole ratio of the reagent and the metal, pH value and the elapsing time was investigated. Kinetic equation of competitive chelating reaction between the TBA-La (Ⅲ) and La (Ⅲ) -critic acid were established. It was found that the competitive chelating reaction follows secondorder kinetics, for this second-order reaction, k=5.55 L·mol-1·S-1.
文摘An easy and reliable method was developed for construction and quantification of competitive templates, which shared the same sequence as the amplified target DNA except for a 20 bp insertion in the middle by recombinant polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among the advantages of competitive PCR is that any predictable or unpredictable variable that affects amplification has the same effect on both target and competitor species and that the final ratio of amplified products reflects exactly the initial targets. The utilization of a thermostable reverse transcriptase in the RT step was proposed to overcome the problem of the efficiency of target cDNA synthesis. In addition, to obtain reliable measurements, it was recommended to perform four PCR with amounts of competitive template flanking the concentration of the target mRNA.
基金supported by the science and technology innovation program of Hunan Province(2024JK2158 and 2024JK2157).
文摘The extensive use of glyphosate poses a potential threat to food safety,human health,and the ecological environment.Hence,detecting glyphosate residues in food is of great significance for food safety.In this work,the synthesis of zinc-organic frameworks(Zn-MOFs)was achieved through the coordination of Zn^(2+)with the 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid(DOBDC)ligand.Upon excitation at 350 nm,these Zn-MOFs exhibited robust fluorescence emission at 533 nm.However,upon the addition of iron ions,the Zn-MOFs structure disintegrated,forming a blue Fe-DOBDC complex,resulting in fluorescence quenching.In the presence of glyphosate,the iron ions were chelated by glyphosate,causing the system to lighten in color and restore fluorescence.Further,the mechanism of this strategy was investigated,which was achieved by utilizing the competitive interaction of glyphosate and Zn-MOFs for iron ions.The binding stoichiometry and binding constant of glyphosate:Fe^(3+)are 1:1 and 7.59×10^(3) M^(-1) using the Job’s plot and Benesi-Hildebrand equation,respectively.To enhance glyphosate detection,this study introduced an ingenious dual-mode strategy.By analyzing the colorimetric and fluorescence changes before and after glyphosate addition,we can accurately determine its concentration in the system.The combined colorimetric and fluorescent modalities offer improved reliability and applicability,boasting simplicity,rapidity,and cost-effectiveness.This innovative method is anticipated to find widespread applications and offers novel perspectives on pesticide detection platforms based on ligand competition effects.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Program,2014CB260408)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(No.13JCYBJC19300)
文摘Water is the most abundant compound inherently existing in bio-oils. Thus understanding the role of water within bio-oils upgrading process is essential for future engineering scale-up design. In this study, furfural was chosen as bio-oils model compound, and the catalytic hydrogenation of furfural over commercial 5%, Ru/C catalyst was firstly investigated in a series of gradient variable water/ethanol mixture solvents. Water had a significant effect on the distribution of product yields. The dominant reaction pathways varied with the water contents in the water/ethanol mixture solvents. Typically, when ethanol was used as the solvent, the main products were obtained by the hydrogenation of carbonyl group or furan ring. When pure water was used as the solvent, the rearrangement reaction of furfural to cyclopentanone should be selectively promoted theoretically. However, serious polymerization and resinification were observed herein in catalytic hydrogenation system of pure water. The catalyst surface was modified by the water-insoluble polymers, and consequently, a relative low yield of cyclopentanone was obtained. A plausible multiple competitive reaction mechanism between polymerization reaction and the hydrogenation of furfural was suggested in this study. Characterizations(TG,FT-IR,SEM)were employed to analyze and explain our experiments.
基金the Research Development Fund(No.RDF-21-02-060)of Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool Universitythe support received from the Suzhou Industrial Park High Quality Innovation Platform of Functional Molecular Materials and Devices(YZCXPT2023105).
文摘Efficient seawater electrolysis has become one of the promising strategies for sustainable hydrogen production,while the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in chloride-rich environments is hindered by slow kinetics and the competitive chlorine evolution reaction(ClER).This study presents a chromium-doped Ni-Fe oxyhydroxide catalyst(Cr_(x)Ni-FeOOH/NF)synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal method,enabling enhanced OER activity and chloride resistance.The optimized Cr_(M)Ni-FeOOH/NF catalyst achieves a low overpotential of 230 mV at 100 mA cm^(-2) with a competitive Tafel slope of 57.1 mV dec^(-1),reflecting accelerated reaction kinetics due to Cr^(3+)-induced electronic modulation.Cr doping optimizes oxygen intermediate adsorption and forms a hydroxyl-rich surface to repel Cl^(-),suppressing chlorine evolution by>99.7%.While chromium leaching from the catalyst surface was observed during long-term operation,the optimized Cr_(M)Ni-FeOOH/NF exhibited less than 3% activity loss over 100 hours under high Cl^(-)conditions,highlighting the initial efficacy of Cr in enhancing OER kinetics and chloride resistance.Furthermore,the catalyst demonstrated robust performance in an anion-exchange membrane electrolyzer,maintaining stable operation at 200 mA cm^(-2) for over 40 hours.This work bridges material design and device validation,offering a scalable strategy for durable simulated seawater electrolysis to advance sustainable hydrogen production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22202205 and 22209170)XMIREM Autonomously Deployment Project,China(Nos.2023CX14,2023GG01)+4 种基金Self-deployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.CXZX-2022-GH03,CXZX-2024-JQ02)Major Science and Technology Program of Xiamen,China(No.3502Z20231054)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(Grant Nos.2022J01502 and 2024J01185)STS Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(No.2023T3071)Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen,China(No.3502Z20227256).
文摘The use of renewable energy for hydrogen production through water electrolysis is a critical pathway for green hydrogen generation.Compared to pure water electrolysis,direct electrolysis of seawater offers several advantages,such as raw material availability and application diversity.However,the complex composition of seawater presents significant technical challenges,particularly the competitive chloride oxidation reaction(ClOR)at the anode,which leads to equipment corrosion[1].
文摘The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique was used to study the reaction ofphenyl isocyanate and cellulose with different moisture contents (MC). The C1S XPS peak of cellulose isonly one symmetrical contribution at 285.95 eV. While the C1S XPS peaks of N,N-dibenzylurea, thereaction resultant of phenyl isocyanate and water, have two contributions at 288.6±0.1 eV and 284.7±0.1 eV corresponding to the carbonyl group and phenyl ring group, respectively. Their area ratio isbetween 11.88 and 11.98 that is quite neat to the theoretical value of 12.0. With the moisture content (MC)of cellulose increased, the proportion of isocyanate reacted with water increased. When the MC reaches 9.78%, 92.98% of all consumed isocyanate will react with water. By spattering analysis, it reveals that thereaction resultants of benzyl isocyanate distribute mainly on the surface of cellulose.
