BACKGROUND The neural mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior in schizophrenia(SCZ)remain poorly understood.To date,no studies have reported on the event-related potential(ERP)characteristics of aggression in SCZ us...BACKGROUND The neural mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior in schizophrenia(SCZ)remain poorly understood.To date,no studies have reported on the event-related potential(ERP)characteristics of aggression in SCZ using the competitive reaction time task(CRTT).Further investigation into the ERP correlates of aggression in SCZ would provide valuable insights into the neural processes involved.AIM To explore the neural mechanism of aggressive behavior in SCZ.METHODS Participants of this study included 40 SCZ patients and 42 healthy controls(HCs).The Reactive Proactive Aggression Questionnaire was used to assess trait of aggression.The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 was used to measure impulsiveness.The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS)was used to evaluate psychopathological features and disease severity.All participants were measured with ERP while performing the CRTT.Data of behavior,ERP components(P2,N2,and P3),and feedback-related negativity(FRN)were analyzed.RESULTS Analysis of the behavioral data revealed that compared with HCs,SCZ patients exhibited higher punishment choices.Analysis of ERP components showed that compared with HCs,SCZ patients exhibited higher N2 amplitudes and P2 amplitudes during the decision phase of the CRTT;however,SCZ patients exhibited lower FRN amplitudes and lower P3 amplitudes during the outcome phase of the CRTT.The N2 amplitudes evoked by highintensity provocation were positively related to PANSS-P scores.And the P3 amplitudes evoked in the winning trials were negatively correlated with the PANSS-G scores.CONCLUSION SCZ patients exhibit abnormal ERP characteristics evoked by the CRTT,which suggests the neural correlates of aggressive behavior in SCZ.展开更多
Two kinds of metal chelates of rare earth elements reacted with tribrimoarsenazo formed under the condition of critic acid were observed by simultaneous technique of capillary electrophoresisphotothermal interference ...Two kinds of metal chelates of rare earth elements reacted with tribrimoarsenazo formed under the condition of critic acid were observed by simultaneous technique of capillary electrophoresisphotothermal interference spectrometry. The tendency of the conversion between these chelates as functions of the mole ratio of the reagent and the metal, pH value and the elapsing time was investigated. Kinetic equation of competitive chelating reaction between the TBA-La (Ⅲ) and La (Ⅲ) -critic acid were established. It was found that the competitive chelating reaction follows secondorder kinetics, for this second-order reaction, k=5.55 L·mol-1·S-1.展开更多
An easy and reliable method was developed for construction and quantification of competitive templates, which shared the same sequence as the amplified target DNA except for a 20 bp insertion in the middle by recombi...An easy and reliable method was developed for construction and quantification of competitive templates, which shared the same sequence as the amplified target DNA except for a 20 bp insertion in the middle by recombinant polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among the advantages of competitive PCR is that any predictable or unpredictable variable that affects amplification has the same effect on both target and competitor species and that the final ratio of amplified products reflects exactly the initial targets. The utilization of a thermostable reverse transcriptase in the RT step was proposed to overcome the problem of the efficiency of target cDNA synthesis. In addition, to obtain reliable measurements, it was recommended to perform four PCR with amounts of competitive template flanking the concentration of the target mRNA.展开更多
Water is the most abundant compound inherently existing in bio-oils. Thus understanding the role of water within bio-oils upgrading process is essential for future engineering scale-up design. In this study, furfural ...Water is the most abundant compound inherently existing in bio-oils. Thus understanding the role of water within bio-oils upgrading process is essential for future engineering scale-up design. In this study, furfural was chosen as bio-oils model compound, and the catalytic hydrogenation of furfural over commercial 5%, Ru/C catalyst was firstly investigated in a series of gradient variable water/ethanol mixture solvents. Water had a significant effect on the distribution of product yields. The dominant reaction pathways varied with the water contents in the water/ethanol mixture solvents. Typically, when ethanol was used as the solvent, the main products were obtained by the hydrogenation of carbonyl group or furan ring. When pure water was used as the solvent, the rearrangement reaction of furfural to cyclopentanone should be selectively promoted theoretically. However, serious polymerization and resinification were observed herein in catalytic hydrogenation system of pure water. The catalyst surface was modified by the water-insoluble polymers, and consequently, a relative low yield of cyclopentanone was obtained. A plausible multiple competitive reaction mechanism between polymerization reaction and the hydrogenation of furfural was suggested in this study. Characterizations(TG,FT-IR,SEM)were employed to analyze and explain our experiments.展开更多
The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique was used to study the reaction ofphenyl isocyanate and cellulose with different moisture contents (MC). The C1S XPS peak of cellulose isonly one symmetrical contrib...The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique was used to study the reaction ofphenyl isocyanate and cellulose with different moisture contents (MC). The C1S XPS peak of cellulose isonly one symmetrical contribution at 285.95 eV. While the C1S XPS peaks of N,N-dibenzylurea, thereaction resultant of phenyl isocyanate and water, have two contributions at 288.6±0.1 eV and 284.7±0.1 eV corresponding to the carbonyl group and phenyl ring group, respectively. Their area ratio isbetween 11.88 and 11.98 that is quite neat to the theoretical value of 12.0. With the moisture content (MC)of cellulose increased, the proportion of isocyanate reacted with water increased. When the MC reaches 9.78%, 92.98% of all consumed isocyanate will react with water. By spattering analysis, it reveals that thereaction resultants of benzyl isocyanate distribute mainly on the surface of cellulose.展开更多
The use of renewable energy for hydrogen production through water electrolysis is a critical pathway for green hydrogen generation.Compared to pure water electrolysis,direct electrolysis of seawater offers several adv...The use of renewable energy for hydrogen production through water electrolysis is a critical pathway for green hydrogen generation.Compared to pure water electrolysis,direct electrolysis of seawater offers several advantages,such as raw material availability and application diversity.However,the complex composition of seawater presents significant technical challenges,particularly the competitive chloride oxidation reaction(ClOR)at the anode,which leads to equipment corrosion[1].展开更多
基金Supported by Wuxi Municipal Health Commission Major Project,No.Z202107Wuxi Taihu Talent Project,No.WXTTP 2021.
文摘BACKGROUND The neural mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior in schizophrenia(SCZ)remain poorly understood.To date,no studies have reported on the event-related potential(ERP)characteristics of aggression in SCZ using the competitive reaction time task(CRTT).Further investigation into the ERP correlates of aggression in SCZ would provide valuable insights into the neural processes involved.AIM To explore the neural mechanism of aggressive behavior in SCZ.METHODS Participants of this study included 40 SCZ patients and 42 healthy controls(HCs).The Reactive Proactive Aggression Questionnaire was used to assess trait of aggression.The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 was used to measure impulsiveness.The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS)was used to evaluate psychopathological features and disease severity.All participants were measured with ERP while performing the CRTT.Data of behavior,ERP components(P2,N2,and P3),and feedback-related negativity(FRN)were analyzed.RESULTS Analysis of the behavioral data revealed that compared with HCs,SCZ patients exhibited higher punishment choices.Analysis of ERP components showed that compared with HCs,SCZ patients exhibited higher N2 amplitudes and P2 amplitudes during the decision phase of the CRTT;however,SCZ patients exhibited lower FRN amplitudes and lower P3 amplitudes during the outcome phase of the CRTT.The N2 amplitudes evoked by highintensity provocation were positively related to PANSS-P scores.And the P3 amplitudes evoked in the winning trials were negatively correlated with the PANSS-G scores.CONCLUSION SCZ patients exhibit abnormal ERP characteristics evoked by the CRTT,which suggests the neural correlates of aggressive behavior in SCZ.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20005005) Chengguang Project of Wuhan, and Visiting Scholar Foundation of Key Lab in University.
文摘Two kinds of metal chelates of rare earth elements reacted with tribrimoarsenazo formed under the condition of critic acid were observed by simultaneous technique of capillary electrophoresisphotothermal interference spectrometry. The tendency of the conversion between these chelates as functions of the mole ratio of the reagent and the metal, pH value and the elapsing time was investigated. Kinetic equation of competitive chelating reaction between the TBA-La (Ⅲ) and La (Ⅲ) -critic acid were established. It was found that the competitive chelating reaction follows secondorder kinetics, for this second-order reaction, k=5.55 L·mol-1·S-1.
文摘An easy and reliable method was developed for construction and quantification of competitive templates, which shared the same sequence as the amplified target DNA except for a 20 bp insertion in the middle by recombinant polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among the advantages of competitive PCR is that any predictable or unpredictable variable that affects amplification has the same effect on both target and competitor species and that the final ratio of amplified products reflects exactly the initial targets. The utilization of a thermostable reverse transcriptase in the RT step was proposed to overcome the problem of the efficiency of target cDNA synthesis. In addition, to obtain reliable measurements, it was recommended to perform four PCR with amounts of competitive template flanking the concentration of the target mRNA.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Program,2014CB260408)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(No.13JCYBJC19300)
文摘Water is the most abundant compound inherently existing in bio-oils. Thus understanding the role of water within bio-oils upgrading process is essential for future engineering scale-up design. In this study, furfural was chosen as bio-oils model compound, and the catalytic hydrogenation of furfural over commercial 5%, Ru/C catalyst was firstly investigated in a series of gradient variable water/ethanol mixture solvents. Water had a significant effect on the distribution of product yields. The dominant reaction pathways varied with the water contents in the water/ethanol mixture solvents. Typically, when ethanol was used as the solvent, the main products were obtained by the hydrogenation of carbonyl group or furan ring. When pure water was used as the solvent, the rearrangement reaction of furfural to cyclopentanone should be selectively promoted theoretically. However, serious polymerization and resinification were observed herein in catalytic hydrogenation system of pure water. The catalyst surface was modified by the water-insoluble polymers, and consequently, a relative low yield of cyclopentanone was obtained. A plausible multiple competitive reaction mechanism between polymerization reaction and the hydrogenation of furfural was suggested in this study. Characterizations(TG,FT-IR,SEM)were employed to analyze and explain our experiments.
文摘The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique was used to study the reaction ofphenyl isocyanate and cellulose with different moisture contents (MC). The C1S XPS peak of cellulose isonly one symmetrical contribution at 285.95 eV. While the C1S XPS peaks of N,N-dibenzylurea, thereaction resultant of phenyl isocyanate and water, have two contributions at 288.6±0.1 eV and 284.7±0.1 eV corresponding to the carbonyl group and phenyl ring group, respectively. Their area ratio isbetween 11.88 and 11.98 that is quite neat to the theoretical value of 12.0. With the moisture content (MC)of cellulose increased, the proportion of isocyanate reacted with water increased. When the MC reaches 9.78%, 92.98% of all consumed isocyanate will react with water. By spattering analysis, it reveals that thereaction resultants of benzyl isocyanate distribute mainly on the surface of cellulose.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22202205 and 22209170)XMIREM Autonomously Deployment Project,China(Nos.2023CX14,2023GG01)+4 种基金Self-deployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.CXZX-2022-GH03,CXZX-2024-JQ02)Major Science and Technology Program of Xiamen,China(No.3502Z20231054)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(Grant Nos.2022J01502 and 2024J01185)STS Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(No.2023T3071)Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen,China(No.3502Z20227256).
文摘The use of renewable energy for hydrogen production through water electrolysis is a critical pathway for green hydrogen generation.Compared to pure water electrolysis,direct electrolysis of seawater offers several advantages,such as raw material availability and application diversity.However,the complex composition of seawater presents significant technical challenges,particularly the competitive chloride oxidation reaction(ClOR)at the anode,which leads to equipment corrosion[1].
