Temperature compensatory effect, which quantifies the increase in cumulative air temperature from soil temperature increase caused by mulching, provides an effective method for incorporating soil temperature into crop...Temperature compensatory effect, which quantifies the increase in cumulative air temperature from soil temperature increase caused by mulching, provides an effective method for incorporating soil temperature into crop models. In this study, compensated temperature was integrated into the AquaCrop model to investigate the capability of the compensatory effect to improve assessment of the promotion of maize growth and development by plastic film mulching(PM). A three-year experiment was conducted from2014 to 2016 with two maize varieties(spring and summer) and two mulching conditions(PM and non-mulching(NM)), and the AquaCrop model was employed to reproduce crop growth and yield responses to changes in NM, PM, and compensated PM. A marked difference in soil temperature between NM and PM was observed before 50 days after sowing(DAS) during three growing seasons. During sowing–emergence and emergence–tasseling, the increase in air temperature was proportional to the compensatory coefficient, with spring maize showing a higher compensatory temperature than summer maize. Simulation results for canopy cover(CC) were generally in good agreement with the measurements, whereas predictions of aboveground biomass and grain yield under PM indicated large underestimates from 60 DAS to the end of maturity. Simulations of spring maize biomass and yield showed general increase based on temperature compensation, accompanied by improvement in modeling accuracy, with RMSEs decreasing from 2.5 to 1.6 t ha^(-1)and from 4.1 t to 3.4 t ha^(-1). Improvement in biomass and yield simulation was less pronounced for summer than for spring maize, implying that crops grown during low-temperature periods would benefit more from the compensatory effect. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the temperature compensatory effect to improve the performance of the AquaCrop model in simulating maize growth under PM practices.展开更多
A critical challenge for global food security and sustainable agriculture is enhancing crop yields while reducing chemical N inputs.Improving N use efficiency in crops is essential for increasing agricultural producti...A critical challenge for global food security and sustainable agriculture is enhancing crop yields while reducing chemical N inputs.Improving N use efficiency in crops is essential for increasing agricultural productivity.The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of intercropping maize with leguminous green manure on grain yield and N utilization under reduced N-fertilization conditions.A field experiment with a split-plot design was conducted in northwestern China from 2018 to 2021.The main plots consisted of two cropping systems:maize-common vetch intercropping(IM)and sole maize(SM).The subplots had three N levels:zero N application(N0,0 kg ha^(-1)),a 25%reduction from the traditional chemical N supply(N1,270 kg ha^(-1)),and the traditional chemical N supply(N2,360 kg ha^(-1)).The results showed that the negative effects of N reduction on maize grain yield and N uptake were compensated by intercropping leguminous green manure,and the improvements increased with cultivation years.The integrated system involving maize-leguminous green manure intercropping and a reduced N supply enhanced N translocation from maize vegetative organs to grains and increased the nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities in maize leaves.The supercompensatory effect in maize leaves increased year by year,reaching values of 16.1,21.3,and 25.5%in 2019,2020,and 2021,respectively.These findings suggest that intercropping maize with leguminous green manure under reduced chemical N input can enhance N assimilation and uptake in maize.By using this strategy,chemical fertilizer is effectively replaced by leguminous green manure,thereby improving N use efficiency and maintaining stable yields in the maize-based intercropping system.展开更多
Among collagen members in the collagen superfamily,type XIX collagen has raised increasing interest in relation to its structural and biological roles.Type XIX collagen is a Fibril-Associated Collagen with Interrupted...Among collagen members in the collagen superfamily,type XIX collagen has raised increasing interest in relation to its structural and biological roles.Type XIX collagen is a Fibril-Associated Collagen with Interrupted Triple helices member,one main subclass of collagens in this superfamily.This collagen contains a triple helix composed of three polypeptide segments aligned in parallel and it is associated with the basement membrane zone in different tissues.The molecular structure of type XIX collagen consists of five collagenous domains,COL1 to COL5,interrupted by six non-collagenous domains,NCI to NC6.The most relevant domain by which this collagen exerts its biological roles is NCI domain that can be cleavage enzymatically to release matricryptins,exerting anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effect in murine and human models of cancer.Under physiological conditions,type XIX collagen expression decreases after birth in different tissues although it is necessary to keep its basal levels,mainly in skeletal muscle and hippocampal and telencephalic interneurons in brain.Notwithstanding,in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,altered transcript expression levels show a novel biological effect of this collagen beyond its structural role in basement membranes and its anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic properties.Type XIX collagen can exert a compensatory effect to ameliorate the disease progression under neurodegenerative conditions specific to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in transgenic SOD1 G93 A mice and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.This novel biological role highlights its nature as prognostic biomarker of disease progression in and as promising therapeutic target,paving the way to a more precise prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the possible regulatory mechanism of corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH),urocortin(UCN),and Wolfram syndrome 1(WFS1)in 17α-ethynylestradiol(EE)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis pregnant rats...Objective:To investigate the possible regulatory mechanism of corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH),urocortin(UCN),and Wolfram syndrome 1(WFS1)in 17α-ethynylestradiol(EE)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis pregnant rats and its ischemia reperfusion(IR)model.Methods:Pregnant rats(n=60)were randomly divided into four experimental groups by random number table(Control,EE,IR,and EE-IR groups),and were studied on the 17^(th),19th,and 21st gestational days(GD)(n=5 in each group at the indicated time).Growth and development indicators of fetal rats among these four groups were recorded.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect CRH,UCN,and WFS1 levels in maternal sera.Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to quantify placental protein and placental mRNA levels of CRH,UCN,and WFS1.Multivariate analysis of variance and least significant difference test were used to establish the group and individual comparisons.Results:A significant difference was found in placenta weight(F=8.10,P<0.05),fetal rat weight(F=40.86,P<0.05),fetal rat length(F=61.61,P<0.05),and fetal rat tail length(F=55.63,P<0.05)among four groups on the 17^(th),19th,and 21st GD.What’s more,the overall differences of maternal serum UCN levels among Control,EE,IR,and EE-IR groups were significant(F=2.48,P<0.05).Expression of WFS1 mRNA in the EE-IR group was significantly increased and higher than Control(0.46±0.15vs.0.24±0.09,P<0.05),EE(0.46±0.15vs.0.17±0.04,P>0.05),and IR(0.46±0.15vs.0.22±0.15,P>0.05)groups at 19th GD,indicating that endoplasmic reticulum stress may be activated.However,the expression of CRH(0.42±0.05vs.0.58±0.12,P<0.05),UCN(0.43±0.01vs.0.47±0.16,P>0.05),and WFS1(0.57±0.07vs.0.74±0.12,P>0.05)protein in the EE-IR group was subsided compared to the IR group at 17^(th) GD.Conclusion:Fetal rat growth restriction was found in the EE-induced intrahepatic cholestasis model.This study revealed that significant changes in the maternal sera level of UCN,placental level of WFS1 mRNA and placental levels of CRH,UCN,and WFS1 protein in chronic versus acute stress in a rat model of pregnancy.This suggests an impaired compensatory vasodilatory effect mediated by these factors at gene transcription and protein translation levels,following acute hypoxia stress in EE-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnant rats.展开更多
Dominant species may strongly influence biotic conditions and interact with other species,and thus are important drivers of community dynamics and ecosystem functioning,particularly in the stressed environment of alpi...Dominant species may strongly influence biotic conditions and interact with other species,and thus are important drivers of community dynamics and ecosystem functioning,particularly in the stressed environment of alpine grasslands.However,the effects of dominant species on the community stability of different ecosystems remain poorly understood.We examined the mechanisms underlying temporal stability(2014-2020 year)of aboveground productivity and community stability in four alpine grasslands(alpine meadow,alpine meadow steppe,alpine steppe and alpine desert steppe)of the northern Tibetan with different species composition and dominance.Our results showed that community stability was significantly higher in the alpine meadow than in the other three types of grasslands.This difference was mainly attributed to the higher compensatory effect and selection effect in the alpine meadows.Furthermore,dominant species strongly affected community stability by increasing dominant species stability and species asynchrony.However,species richness had little effect on community stability.Our findings demonstrate that dominant species,as foundation species,may play leading roles in shaping community stability in the alpine grasslands,highlighting the importance of conserving dominant species for stable ecosystem functioning in these fragile ecosystems under increasing environmental fluctuations.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51909228 and 52209071)the “High-level Talents Support Program” of Yangzhou University+2 种基金“Chunhui Plan” Cooperative Scientific Research Project of Ministry of Education of China (HZKY20220115)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M671623)the “Blue Project” of Yangzhou University。
文摘Temperature compensatory effect, which quantifies the increase in cumulative air temperature from soil temperature increase caused by mulching, provides an effective method for incorporating soil temperature into crop models. In this study, compensated temperature was integrated into the AquaCrop model to investigate the capability of the compensatory effect to improve assessment of the promotion of maize growth and development by plastic film mulching(PM). A three-year experiment was conducted from2014 to 2016 with two maize varieties(spring and summer) and two mulching conditions(PM and non-mulching(NM)), and the AquaCrop model was employed to reproduce crop growth and yield responses to changes in NM, PM, and compensated PM. A marked difference in soil temperature between NM and PM was observed before 50 days after sowing(DAS) during three growing seasons. During sowing–emergence and emergence–tasseling, the increase in air temperature was proportional to the compensatory coefficient, with spring maize showing a higher compensatory temperature than summer maize. Simulation results for canopy cover(CC) were generally in good agreement with the measurements, whereas predictions of aboveground biomass and grain yield under PM indicated large underestimates from 60 DAS to the end of maturity. Simulations of spring maize biomass and yield showed general increase based on temperature compensation, accompanied by improvement in modeling accuracy, with RMSEs decreasing from 2.5 to 1.6 t ha^(-1)and from 4.1 t to 3.4 t ha^(-1). Improvement in biomass and yield simulation was less pronounced for summer than for spring maize, implying that crops grown during low-temperature periods would benefit more from the compensatory effect. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the temperature compensatory effect to improve the performance of the AquaCrop model in simulating maize growth under PM practices.
基金supported by the‘Double First-Class’Key Scientific Research Project of Education Department in Gansu Province,China(GSSYLXM-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20218 and 32160765)+3 种基金the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-22-G-12)the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province,China(20JR5RA037 and 21JR7RA836)the Postdoctoral Research Start-up Foundation of Gansu Province,China(03824034)the Postdoctoral Research Start-up Foundation of Gansu Agricultural University,China(202403)。
文摘A critical challenge for global food security and sustainable agriculture is enhancing crop yields while reducing chemical N inputs.Improving N use efficiency in crops is essential for increasing agricultural productivity.The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of intercropping maize with leguminous green manure on grain yield and N utilization under reduced N-fertilization conditions.A field experiment with a split-plot design was conducted in northwestern China from 2018 to 2021.The main plots consisted of two cropping systems:maize-common vetch intercropping(IM)and sole maize(SM).The subplots had three N levels:zero N application(N0,0 kg ha^(-1)),a 25%reduction from the traditional chemical N supply(N1,270 kg ha^(-1)),and the traditional chemical N supply(N2,360 kg ha^(-1)).The results showed that the negative effects of N reduction on maize grain yield and N uptake were compensated by intercropping leguminous green manure,and the improvements increased with cultivation years.The integrated system involving maize-leguminous green manure intercropping and a reduced N supply enhanced N translocation from maize vegetative organs to grains and increased the nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities in maize leaves.The supercompensatory effect in maize leaves increased year by year,reaching values of 16.1,21.3,and 25.5%in 2019,2020,and 2021,respectively.These findings suggest that intercropping maize with leguminous green manure under reduced chemical N input can enhance N assimilation and uptake in maize.By using this strategy,chemical fertilizer is effectively replaced by leguminous green manure,thereby improving N use efficiency and maintaining stable yields in the maize-based intercropping system.
基金supported by Institutode Salud Carlos Ⅲ(Grant PI17/00949)Fondo Europeode Desarrollo Regional(FEDER)“Una manera de hacer Europa” from the European Union+1 种基金Centrode Investigación Biomédicaen Redsobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas(CIBERNED-612)Fundación FEDER(Federación Espa?olade Enfermedades Raras),Consolidated Groupsfrom Gobiernode Aragón
文摘Among collagen members in the collagen superfamily,type XIX collagen has raised increasing interest in relation to its structural and biological roles.Type XIX collagen is a Fibril-Associated Collagen with Interrupted Triple helices member,one main subclass of collagens in this superfamily.This collagen contains a triple helix composed of three polypeptide segments aligned in parallel and it is associated with the basement membrane zone in different tissues.The molecular structure of type XIX collagen consists of five collagenous domains,COL1 to COL5,interrupted by six non-collagenous domains,NCI to NC6.The most relevant domain by which this collagen exerts its biological roles is NCI domain that can be cleavage enzymatically to release matricryptins,exerting anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effect in murine and human models of cancer.Under physiological conditions,type XIX collagen expression decreases after birth in different tissues although it is necessary to keep its basal levels,mainly in skeletal muscle and hippocampal and telencephalic interneurons in brain.Notwithstanding,in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,altered transcript expression levels show a novel biological effect of this collagen beyond its structural role in basement membranes and its anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic properties.Type XIX collagen can exert a compensatory effect to ameliorate the disease progression under neurodegenerative conditions specific to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in transgenic SOD1 G93 A mice and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.This novel biological role highlights its nature as prognostic biomarker of disease progression in and as promising therapeutic target,paving the way to a more precise prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81571446)the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(Grant No.82001560).
文摘Objective:To investigate the possible regulatory mechanism of corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH),urocortin(UCN),and Wolfram syndrome 1(WFS1)in 17α-ethynylestradiol(EE)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis pregnant rats and its ischemia reperfusion(IR)model.Methods:Pregnant rats(n=60)were randomly divided into four experimental groups by random number table(Control,EE,IR,and EE-IR groups),and were studied on the 17^(th),19th,and 21st gestational days(GD)(n=5 in each group at the indicated time).Growth and development indicators of fetal rats among these four groups were recorded.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect CRH,UCN,and WFS1 levels in maternal sera.Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to quantify placental protein and placental mRNA levels of CRH,UCN,and WFS1.Multivariate analysis of variance and least significant difference test were used to establish the group and individual comparisons.Results:A significant difference was found in placenta weight(F=8.10,P<0.05),fetal rat weight(F=40.86,P<0.05),fetal rat length(F=61.61,P<0.05),and fetal rat tail length(F=55.63,P<0.05)among four groups on the 17^(th),19th,and 21st GD.What’s more,the overall differences of maternal serum UCN levels among Control,EE,IR,and EE-IR groups were significant(F=2.48,P<0.05).Expression of WFS1 mRNA in the EE-IR group was significantly increased and higher than Control(0.46±0.15vs.0.24±0.09,P<0.05),EE(0.46±0.15vs.0.17±0.04,P>0.05),and IR(0.46±0.15vs.0.22±0.15,P>0.05)groups at 19th GD,indicating that endoplasmic reticulum stress may be activated.However,the expression of CRH(0.42±0.05vs.0.58±0.12,P<0.05),UCN(0.43±0.01vs.0.47±0.16,P>0.05),and WFS1(0.57±0.07vs.0.74±0.12,P>0.05)protein in the EE-IR group was subsided compared to the IR group at 17^(th) GD.Conclusion:Fetal rat growth restriction was found in the EE-induced intrahepatic cholestasis model.This study revealed that significant changes in the maternal sera level of UCN,placental level of WFS1 mRNA and placental levels of CRH,UCN,and WFS1 protein in chronic versus acute stress in a rat model of pregnancy.This suggests an impaired compensatory vasodilatory effect mediated by these factors at gene transcription and protein translation levels,following acute hypoxia stress in EE-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnant rats.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870406,42071066)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(2019QZKK0302).
文摘Dominant species may strongly influence biotic conditions and interact with other species,and thus are important drivers of community dynamics and ecosystem functioning,particularly in the stressed environment of alpine grasslands.However,the effects of dominant species on the community stability of different ecosystems remain poorly understood.We examined the mechanisms underlying temporal stability(2014-2020 year)of aboveground productivity and community stability in four alpine grasslands(alpine meadow,alpine meadow steppe,alpine steppe and alpine desert steppe)of the northern Tibetan with different species composition and dominance.Our results showed that community stability was significantly higher in the alpine meadow than in the other three types of grasslands.This difference was mainly attributed to the higher compensatory effect and selection effect in the alpine meadows.Furthermore,dominant species strongly affected community stability by increasing dominant species stability and species asynchrony.However,species richness had little effect on community stability.Our findings demonstrate that dominant species,as foundation species,may play leading roles in shaping community stability in the alpine grasslands,highlighting the importance of conserving dominant species for stable ecosystem functioning in these fragile ecosystems under increasing environmental fluctuations.
