Teacher professional identity is a comprehensive reflection of teachers’role perception,emotional experiences,and behavioral tendencies towards their profession.It serves as an intrinsic driving force for teachers’p...Teacher professional identity is a comprehensive reflection of teachers’role perception,emotional experiences,and behavioral tendencies towards their profession.It serves as an intrinsic driving force for teachers’professional development and is also a crucial issue in teacher education research.From a global perspective,this study systematically reviews and examines relevant research on the professional identity of international Chinese language teachers(ICLTs).A comparative analysis is conducted between Chinese and foreign scholars’research in terms of theoretical foundations,research subjects,research content,and research methodologies.This comprehensive overview of the current research landscape in this field,along with a summary of existing achievements and identified problems,facilitates the transformation of fragmented research findings on ICLTs’professional identity into a systematic understanding and reveals research gaps.Building upon this foundation,the study proposes future research prospects for the professional identity of ICLTs from aspects such as the construction of a cross-cultural perspective-based teacher professional identity system,the transformation of teacher professional identity in the context of digital transformation,and case studies on ICLTs’professional identity.The aim is to promote high-quality development in both theory and practice of international Chinese language education.展开更多
This paper conducted a more comprehensive review and comparative analysis of the two heavy to blizzard processes that occurred in the Beijing area during December 13-15,2023,and February 20-21,2024,in terms of compreh...This paper conducted a more comprehensive review and comparative analysis of the two heavy to blizzard processes that occurred in the Beijing area during December 13-15,2023,and February 20-21,2024,in terms of comprehensive weather situation diagnosis,forecasting,and decision-making services,and summarized the meteorological service support experience of such heavy snow weather processes.It was found that both blizzard processes were jointly influenced by the 700 hPa southwesterly warm and humid jet stream and the near-surface easterly backflow;the numerical forecast was relatively accurate in the overall description of the snowfall process,and the forecast bias of the position of the 700 hPa southwesterly warm and humid jet stream determined the bias of the snowfall magnitude forecast at a certain point;when a deviation was found between the actual snowfall and the forecast,the cause should be analyzed in a timely manner,and the warning and forecast conclusions should be updated.With the full cooperation of relevant departments,it can greatly make up for the deviation of the early forecast snowfall amount,and ensure the safety and efficiency of people's travel.展开更多
The rapid development and application of emerging information technologies,such as big data and artificial intelligence,facilitates the development of intelligent urban rail vehicles.Architecture is an important compo...The rapid development and application of emerging information technologies,such as big data and artificial intelligence,facilitates the development of intelligent urban rail vehicles.Architecture is an important component of intelligent urban rail vehicles and a key factor in ensuring their reliable and safe operation on various routes.In this context,it is very important to select appropriate architecture design standards.The paper reviews the relevant design standards for architecture at home and abroad,comprehensively analyzes the standards that need to be compared and analyzed,and conducts comprehensive comparative analysis in the aspects of the scope of application,load conditions,vertical static load,lateral load,and evaluation methods of the standards.Finally,it draws a conclusion that the standard JIS E 4207:2019,Rolling stock—Bogie—General rules for design of bogie frame strength,can meet the requirements of strength design of welded bogie frame in intelligent urban rail vehicles.It proposes the suggestions on better validating this design method in future bench and line tests of products,in order to improve the design concept of bogie frame strength and provide reference and inspiration for promoting the development of intelligent urban rail vehicles in China.展开更多
This paper conducts clustering,potential semantic indexing,comparison,and inductive analysis of research papers on marketing between China and the UK from January 2020 to September 2024.The study found that the Chines...This paper conducts clustering,potential semantic indexing,comparison,and inductive analysis of research papers on marketing between China and the UK from January 2020 to September 2024.The study found that the Chinese marketing research focuses on digital transformation,policy impact,value co-creation,and emerging e-commerce models.In contrast,the UK marketing research focuses more on sustainability,technology integration,real-time research,and personalized marketing strategies.The study also found that there were few marketing articles published in Chinese and CSSCI journals in China,while the SSCI journals published in English were 62 times more than in Chinese.According to the research,digital marketing and data-driven decision-making,diversified marketing channels,sustainability and circular economy,technological innovation and cutting-edge technology application,meta-universe and blockchain technology,AI+marketing development,brand building,and international market expansion will become the research hotspots in the field of marketing in the future.The research suggests that China should strengthen the construction of an academic marketing platform,and China and the UK should strengthen cooperation in marketing research,learn from each other's strengths,and jointly give full play to their advantages in technology application,market and economy,strategy and innovation,and social media,to contribute to global economic development and marketing research.展开更多
This paper examines the challenges of achieving high IELTS Speaking scores,particularly due to preparation constraints and subjectivity in assessment.It contrasts speaking features of high and low scorers across four ...This paper examines the challenges of achieving high IELTS Speaking scores,particularly due to preparation constraints and subjectivity in assessment.It contrasts speaking features of high and low scorers across four key areas:fluency and coherence,lexical resource,grammatical range and accuracy,and pronunciation.The study offers strategies for improvement,focusing on topic development,vocabulary,and grammar,aiming to enhance candidates’performance.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to screen litchi varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam. [Method] The fruit botanical and quality characteristics of the seven litchi varieties introduced into Northern Mountainous ...[Objective] The aim was to screen litchi varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam. [Method] The fruit botanical and quality characteristics of the seven litchi varieties introduced into Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute of Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Sciences were compared and analyzed. [Result] Three varieties with good general qualities including Lai Phu Ho,Thach Binh and Hung Long which were suitable to be cultivated in the local area were selected. In addition,Phu Dong was the available,early-maturing germplasm resource. [Conclusion] This research will provide reference for litchi production and breeding in northern mountainous area.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to screen longan varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam.[Method] The fruit botanical characteristics and quality characteristics of longan varieties introduced into Northern Mountai...[Objective] The aim was to screen longan varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam.[Method] The fruit botanical characteristics and quality characteristics of longan varieties introduced into Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute of Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Sciences were compared and analyzed.[Result] Two varieties with good general qualities including PMP6 and PHS1-1 which were suitable to be cultivated in the local area were selected.In addition,Phu Dong was the available processed germplasm resource.[Conclusion] This research will provide reference for longan production and breeding in Northern Mountainous.展开更多
ln this study, 12 maize populations were improved with the improved S1 selection method, aiming to increase the improvement efficiency of maize popula-tions. The results showed that number of rows per spike, number of...ln this study, 12 maize populations were improved with the improved S1 selection method, aiming to increase the improvement efficiency of maize popula-tions. The results showed that number of rows per spike, number of grains per row and 100-grain weight were the three important component traits of maize yield. The highest genetic increment was found in Mengqun 2, fol owed by Mengqun 4, Mengqun 1 and other 7 maize populations. Negative genetic increment was shown in Mengqun 3 and 3 introduced foreign maize populations. Some changes were shown in spikes, plant traits and genetic diversity of maize populations. Based on our results, we concluded that Mengqun 2, Mengqun 4, Zhongzong 7, Mengqun C and Mengqun A could be directly used for the line breeding by selfing for their higher genetic increment of yield and better improvement effects of other agricultural traits. Compared with these 5 populations, the improvement potential of other maize populations was limited for their lower genetic increment.展开更多
The chemical components of the essential oils in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver were analyzed and compared by chromatograms and mass spectra technique, heuristic evolving latent projections (HELP), a...The chemical components of the essential oils in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver were analyzed and compared by chromatograms and mass spectra technique, heuristic evolving latent projections (HELP), alternative moving window factor analysis (AMWFA) algorithms and normalization method based on the peak areas; the flavones in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver were separated on an ODS column by gradient elution carried out with the flow phase consisting of water, methanol and phosphoric acid (0.1%), and their contents were quantitatively determined by standard curve method and diode array detection (DAD) at 362 nm. The results show that 68 and 73 compounds respectively from essential oils of the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver are identified, and there are 33 mutual compounds among 108 compounds determined. The total contents of these volatile components of the two samples possess 92.9% and 97.75% of the gross of the relevant essential oils, respectively; the contents of the rutin, quercetin and kaempferol in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver are 0.016 9, 0.003 6, 0.002 1 and 0.064 4, 0.030 2, 0.010 0 mg/g, respectively, and the determination recoveries are 95.2%-106.2%. The comparative analysis shows that for the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, there are significant differences in their components of the relevant essential oils and flavones.展开更多
This study investigated the difference of nutrient composition in Caulerpa lentillifera collected from different regions.The nutrient compositions of C.lentillifera from China's Hainan and Shandong provinces were ...This study investigated the difference of nutrient composition in Caulerpa lentillifera collected from different regions.The nutrient compositions of C.lentillifera from China's Hainan and Shandong provinces were determined and compared with those from Semporna(Malaysia),Sabah(Malaysia),Petchburi(Thailand),and two other species of seaweeds(Malaysia).The results showed that the polysaccharide and protein contents of C.lentillifera from Hainan(44.82%±0.98%and 12.5%±0.70%),Shandong(43.22%±1.42%and 14.7%±0.72%),Petchburi(59.27%±2.31%and 12.49%±0.30%),and Sabah(44.02%±2.01%and 19.38%±1.48%)were higher than those of Eucheuma cottonii(26.49%±3.01%and 9.76%±1.33%)and Sargassum polycystum(33.49%±1.70%and 5.40%±0.07%),respectively.The polyunsaturated fatty acid contents in C.lentillifera from Hainan(29.98%)and Shandong(22.11%)were higher than that in Semporna(16.76%±0.27%),Sabah(9.49%),and S.polycystum(20.34%±0.43%),but lower than that in E.cottonii(51.55%±0.57%).In Caulerpa lentillifera of Hainan and Shandong provinces,the essential amino acid(EAA)/total amino acid(TAA)ratios were 35.22%and 38.78%,respectively;and the EAA/ETAA ratios were 54.36%and 63.35%,respectively.The EAA composition of C.lentillifera was close to the ideal model of Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization.C.lentillifera was rich in mineral elements,including calcium((3315.85±127.55)mg(100 g)^-1 and(3728.35±92.38)mg(100 g)^-1),magnesium((6715.74±82.58)mg(100 g)^-1 and(8128.59±242.72)mg(100 g)^-1),and trace elements,including iron((510.65±5.47)mg(100 g)^-1 and(1972.97±183.35)mg(100 g)^-1),selenium((1.04±0.08)mg(100 g)^-1 and(0.83±0.15)mg(100 g)^-1),and zinc((33.90±0.13)mg(100 g)^-1 and(11.75±2.05)mg(100 g)^-1).These results showed that C.lentillifera was more nutritious than S.polycystum or E.cottonii in terms of polysaccharide,protein,and fatty acid contents.Furthermore,both C.lentillifera species collected from Hainan and Shandong provinces show more basic nutrients.Therefore,C.lentillifera has important development and application prospects.展开更多
The knowledge of Martian salts has gone through substantial changes during the past decades. In the 70th of last century, Viking landers have noticed the existence of salts on Mars. Several salt species have been sugg...The knowledge of Martian salts has gone through substantial changes during the past decades. In the 70th of last century, Viking landers have noticed the existence of salts on Mars. Several salt species have been suggested from then on, such as sulfates and chlorides. However, their origin was a mystery due to the lack of observations. The recent explorations and related studies at the beginning of this century revealed that the crustal composition of Mars is similar to that of Earth, and it was hypothesized that almost one third of Martian surface was covered by oceans and lakes in the early stage of Mars. The huge water bodies may have dissolved a large quantity of ions from Martian primary rocks during the whole Noachian and Hesperian epoch. After the enormous drought event happened during the late Hesperian and the early Amazonian, these dissolved ions have formed huge salts deposits and most of them were preserved on Mars until today. To date, carbonates, sulfates, chlorides have all been detected by orbital remote sensing and by landers and rovers. However, the salt mineral assemblages on Mars seems to have some differences from those on Earth, e.g., rich in sulfates and lack of massive carbonates. To explain this difference, we propose that most of the surface carbonates precipitated from the ancient oceans may have been dissolved by the later ubiquitous acidic fluids originated from the global volcanism in the Hesperian era, and formed the enormous sulfate deposits as detected, and this hypothesis seems to be supported by the evidence that most of the sulfate deposits distribute around the Tharsis volcanic province while the survived carbonates located far from it. This process can release most of the carbon on Mars to the atmosphere in the form of CO2 and then be erased by the late heavy bombardments, which might have profound influence on the climate change happened in the Hesperian age. The positive correlation between the GRS results of the potassium distributions and the distribution of chlorides on Mars, together with the high Br concentration measured from the evaporate sediments at two Mars exploration rover landing sites, indicate that the brines in the regions where the chlorides deposited may have reached the stage for potassium salts deposition, thus we propose for the first time that potassium salts deposits might be prevalent in these regions.展开更多
Xinjiang Tianshan is a serial natural property that has been nominated for World Heritage status.This paper presents a systematically comprehensive and comparative analysis of the heritage resources of Xinjiang Tiansh...Xinjiang Tianshan is a serial natural property that has been nominated for World Heritage status.This paper presents a systematically comprehensive and comparative analysis of the heritage resources of Xinjiang Tianshan according to the World Heritage criteria.Its biological,ecological and aesthetic values,which are of global importance, are documented.It is concluded that Xinjiang Tianshan meets the world heritage criteria(vii)and (ix).Xinjiang Tianshan is compared with other mountain world heritage sites,mountains in Central Asia,the Tianshan Mountains outside China,and with the protected areas of the Tianshan Mountains on the Tentative List for World Heritage Sites,so as to provide objective data for the world heritage application.展开更多
The present study was designed to identify the difference between two rapamycin biosynthetic gene clusters from Streptomyces hygroscopicus ATCC29253 and Actinoplanes sp. N902-109 by comparing the sequence and organiza...The present study was designed to identify the difference between two rapamycin biosynthetic gene clusters from Streptomyces hygroscopicus ATCC29253 and Actinoplanes sp. N902-109 by comparing the sequence and organization of the gene clusters. The biosynthetic gene cluster for rapamycin in Streptomyces hygroscopicus ATCC29253 was reported in 1995. The second rapamycin producer, Actinoplanes sp. N902-109, which was isolated in 1995, could produce more rapamycin than Streptomyces hygroscopicus ATCC29253. The genomic map of Actinoplanes sp. N902-109 has been elucidated in our laboratory. Two gene clusters were compared using the online software anti-SMASH, Glimmer 3.02 and Subsystem Technology(RAST). Comparative analysis revealed that the organization of the multifunctional polyketide synthases(PKS) genes: Rap A, RapB, RapC, and NRPS-like RapP were identical in the two clusters. The genes responsible for precursor synthesis and macrolactone modification flanked the PKS core region in N902-109, while the homologs of those genes located downstream of the PKS core region in ATCC29253. Besides, no homolog of the gene encoding a putative type II thioesterase that may serve as a PKS "editing" enzyme accounted for over-production of rapamycin in N902-109, was found in ATCC29253. Furthermore, no homologs of genes rapQ(encoding a methyltransferase) and rap G in N902-109 were found in ATCC29253, however, an extra rap M gene encoding methyltransferase was discovered in ATCC29253. Two rapamycin biosynthetic gene clusters displayed overall high homology as well as some differences in gene organization and functions.展开更多
The characteristics of regional high temperature(HT) weather in 2013 and 2003 and their causes were studied using daily maximum temperature data, National Center for Environmental Prediction(NCEP) reanalysis data, and...The characteristics of regional high temperature(HT) weather in 2013 and 2003 and their causes were studied using daily maximum temperature data, National Center for Environmental Prediction(NCEP) reanalysis data, and outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) data. For these two years of HT weather, there were many similar characteristics, such as their long duration, wide range, high intensity, and severe influence. However, there were also three obvious differences: firstly, in 2013, the major area where HT weather occurred was farther north than in 2003; secondly, the HT weather in South China and the southeast area of Jiangnan in 2013 lasted fewer days than in 2003, but in other areas it lasted for more days than in 2003; thirdly, the intensity of the HT weather in 2013 was also stronger in the north and weaker in the south, similar to that of the duration. A strong and stable western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH), a continental warm high, and the distribution of the warm center in the lower troposphere played important roles in the HT weather formation. Several probable causes for the differences are that the cold air was weaker, the WPSH was farther north, and the tropical convective systems were stronger in 2013 than in 2003. Finally, a preliminary cause analysis of the WPSH anomaly was presented.展开更多
Ginkgo biloba is a famous living“fossil”and has played an important role in the evolution of the Plant Kingdom.Here,the complete chloroplast genome of G.biloba was sequenced and analysed.The chloroplast genome was 1...Ginkgo biloba is a famous living“fossil”and has played an important role in the evolution of the Plant Kingdom.Here,the complete chloroplast genome of G.biloba was sequenced and analysed.The chloroplast genome was 156,990 bp long and predicted to encode 134 genes including 85 protein-coding genes,41 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes.The chloroplast genome has a typical quadripartite structure with a pair of inverted repeat regions(IRa and IRb,17,732 bp),a large(LSC,99,259 bp)and small single(SSC,22,267 bp)copy region.After an extensive comparison to previously published gymnosperm plastomes,the gene content and organisation of G.biloba showed high divergence,although part was relatively conserved.The two typical IR regions in the G.biloba chloroplast genome were relatively shorter because it the ycf2 gene.In addition,it was obvious that the IR regions and gene loss were responsible for changes in chloroplast genome size and structure stability,which influenced plastome evolution in different gymnosperms.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that G.biloba is sister to cycads rather than to gnetophytes,cupressophytes,and Pinaceae.Overall,the study showed that the genomic characteristics of G.biloba would be of great help in the further research on the taxonomy,species identification and evolutionary history of gymnosperms,especially for their position in plant systematics and evolution.展开更多
To examine accuracy of body composition predicted by the Multi-Frequency Bioelectric Impedance Analysis （MF-BIA） compared with the Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry （DXA） in adults with obese. We measured body comp...To examine accuracy of body composition predicted by the Multi-Frequency Bioelectric Impedance Analysis （MF-BIA） compared with the Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry （DXA） in adults with obese. We measured body composition of 749 adults with obese both by the MF-BIA and DXA. The Lin＇s concordance correlation and the Bland-Altman plots were used to examine the consistency. The concordance correlation coefficient of %BF between the MF-BIA and DXA in men and women was 0.560, and 0.669, respectively. Compared with the DXA, the MF-BIA significantly underestimated %BF by 4.33% in men （P 〈 0.001）, however overestimated %BF by 0.50% in women （P 〈 0.001）. After corrected by the correction equations established in this study, the differences were significantly decreased. Therefore, the MF-BIA （TANITA MC-180） may need to be corrected in estimating body composition for adults with obese.展开更多
The morphology and properties of corn starch and cassava starch were compared by SEM, DSC and TGA. Theeffects of amylose and amylopectin content on starch properties were studied by FT-IR, XRD and XPS. The plywood was...The morphology and properties of corn starch and cassava starch were compared by SEM, DSC and TGA. Theeffects of amylose and amylopectin content on starch properties were studied by FT-IR, XRD and XPS. The plywood was pressed with the prepared adhesive and the bonding strength of the plywood was tested to analyze thedifference among the adhesives from different plant sources and the difference after blending PAPI prepolymer.FT-IR results showed that the hydroxyl peak of cassava starch was stronger and wider. TGA showed that the residue of cassava starch was lower, but the thermal stability of cassava starch was almost the same. XPS data showedthat the oxygen content of cassava starch was slightly higher, but the carbon content was slightly lower. SEM analysis showed that corn starch granules were more irregular and sharper than cassava starch, and cassava starchgranules were more uniform, regular and round.展开更多
Taking three typical farmers' specialized cooperatives in Jingyuan County of Gansu Province as example,this paper compared with the operating mode of three cooperatives and their position in the agricultural indus...Taking three typical farmers' specialized cooperatives in Jingyuan County of Gansu Province as example,this paper compared with the operating mode of three cooperatives and their position in the agricultural industry chain,and analyzed operating characteristics,problems,and similarities of three cooperatives and their functions in the agricultural industry chain.The study indicated that the farmers' specialized cooperatives can accurately find their position in the agricultural industry chain.This is helpful for raising their comprehensive competitiveness and it is very important to manage the survival and development of farmers' specialized cooperatives,which is of utmost importance to their effective operation.According to this study,the government should strengthen its support,speed up the cultivation of new-type professional farmers,while farmers' specialized cooperatives should grasp the operating characteristics,locate themselves and integrate multi-resources.These are effective measures for promoting healthy operation of farmers' specialized cooperatives.展开更多
Quercus L.has significant societal,ecological and economic benefits in the Northern Hemisphere.However,species identification among oaks is notoriously difficult.China harbours highly diverse oaks,of which the diversi...Quercus L.has significant societal,ecological and economic benefits in the Northern Hemisphere.However,species identification among oaks is notoriously difficult.China harbours highly diverse oaks,of which the diversity of white oaks is the most extensive;however,to date,the evolution of chloroplast(cp)genomes in white oaks in China has not been comprehensively studied.Thus,we sequenced the complete cp genomes(161,254 bp,161,229 bp and 161,254 bp in size)of three white oak species(Quercus serrata Thunb.var.brevipetiolata A.DC.Nakai,Quercus wutaishansea Mary and Quercus mongolica Fischer ex Ledebour,respectively).Six white oak species(Quercus aliena Blume,Quercus dentata Thunb.,Quercus aliena Blume var.acutiserrata Maximowicz ex Wenzig,Q.serrata var.brevipetiolata,Q.wutaishanica and Q.mongolica)and five other Fagaceae species(Quercus rubra L.,Quercus variabilis Bl.,Quercus aquifolioid.es Rehd.et Wils.,Fagus engleriana Seem.and Castanea henryi Skan Rehd.et Wils.)were retrieved for comparative analyses.We detected11 highly divergent regions(psbA,matK/rps16,rps16,trnSGCU/trnG-GCC,trnR-UCU/atpA,trnT-GGU/psbD,ndhJ,ndhJ/ndhK,accD,ndhF and ycfl)through comparative analyses and these regions might be used as molecular markers.Theωratio of the rps12,rpoC2 and ycf1 genes was greater than 1 in several comparison groups between white oaks and the petA gene was subjected to significant positive selection between the comparison of six white oaks and Q.variabilis.Phylogenetic analyses revealed that six white oaks were grouped with Q.rubra,forming a single clade.展开更多
文摘Teacher professional identity is a comprehensive reflection of teachers’role perception,emotional experiences,and behavioral tendencies towards their profession.It serves as an intrinsic driving force for teachers’professional development and is also a crucial issue in teacher education research.From a global perspective,this study systematically reviews and examines relevant research on the professional identity of international Chinese language teachers(ICLTs).A comparative analysis is conducted between Chinese and foreign scholars’research in terms of theoretical foundations,research subjects,research content,and research methodologies.This comprehensive overview of the current research landscape in this field,along with a summary of existing achievements and identified problems,facilitates the transformation of fragmented research findings on ICLTs’professional identity into a systematic understanding and reveals research gaps.Building upon this foundation,the study proposes future research prospects for the professional identity of ICLTs from aspects such as the construction of a cross-cultural perspective-based teacher professional identity system,the transformation of teacher professional identity in the context of digital transformation,and case studies on ICLTs’professional identity.The aim is to promote high-quality development in both theory and practice of international Chinese language education.
文摘This paper conducted a more comprehensive review and comparative analysis of the two heavy to blizzard processes that occurred in the Beijing area during December 13-15,2023,and February 20-21,2024,in terms of comprehensive weather situation diagnosis,forecasting,and decision-making services,and summarized the meteorological service support experience of such heavy snow weather processes.It was found that both blizzard processes were jointly influenced by the 700 hPa southwesterly warm and humid jet stream and the near-surface easterly backflow;the numerical forecast was relatively accurate in the overall description of the snowfall process,and the forecast bias of the position of the 700 hPa southwesterly warm and humid jet stream determined the bias of the snowfall magnitude forecast at a certain point;when a deviation was found between the actual snowfall and the forecast,the cause should be analyzed in a timely manner,and the warning and forecast conclusions should be updated.With the full cooperation of relevant departments,it can greatly make up for the deviation of the early forecast snowfall amount,and ensure the safety and efficiency of people's travel.
文摘The rapid development and application of emerging information technologies,such as big data and artificial intelligence,facilitates the development of intelligent urban rail vehicles.Architecture is an important component of intelligent urban rail vehicles and a key factor in ensuring their reliable and safe operation on various routes.In this context,it is very important to select appropriate architecture design standards.The paper reviews the relevant design standards for architecture at home and abroad,comprehensively analyzes the standards that need to be compared and analyzed,and conducts comprehensive comparative analysis in the aspects of the scope of application,load conditions,vertical static load,lateral load,and evaluation methods of the standards.Finally,it draws a conclusion that the standard JIS E 4207:2019,Rolling stock—Bogie—General rules for design of bogie frame strength,can meet the requirements of strength design of welded bogie frame in intelligent urban rail vehicles.It proposes the suggestions on better validating this design method in future bench and line tests of products,in order to improve the design concept of bogie frame strength and provide reference and inspiration for promoting the development of intelligent urban rail vehicles in China.
文摘This paper conducts clustering,potential semantic indexing,comparison,and inductive analysis of research papers on marketing between China and the UK from January 2020 to September 2024.The study found that the Chinese marketing research focuses on digital transformation,policy impact,value co-creation,and emerging e-commerce models.In contrast,the UK marketing research focuses more on sustainability,technology integration,real-time research,and personalized marketing strategies.The study also found that there were few marketing articles published in Chinese and CSSCI journals in China,while the SSCI journals published in English were 62 times more than in Chinese.According to the research,digital marketing and data-driven decision-making,diversified marketing channels,sustainability and circular economy,technological innovation and cutting-edge technology application,meta-universe and blockchain technology,AI+marketing development,brand building,and international market expansion will become the research hotspots in the field of marketing in the future.The research suggests that China should strengthen the construction of an academic marketing platform,and China and the UK should strengthen cooperation in marketing research,learn from each other's strengths,and jointly give full play to their advantages in technology application,market and economy,strategy and innovation,and social media,to contribute to global economic development and marketing research.
文摘This paper examines the challenges of achieving high IELTS Speaking scores,particularly due to preparation constraints and subjectivity in assessment.It contrasts speaking features of high and low scorers across four key areas:fluency and coherence,lexical resource,grammatical range and accuracy,and pronunciation.The study offers strategies for improvement,focusing on topic development,vocabulary,and grammar,aiming to enhance candidates’performance.
基金Supported by Introduction of Overseas Tropic Crop Germplasm Resources (948 Program of China)(2010-G2-08)a Grant from Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Program(nycytx-32-17)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to screen litchi varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam. [Method] The fruit botanical and quality characteristics of the seven litchi varieties introduced into Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute of Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Sciences were compared and analyzed. [Result] Three varieties with good general qualities including Lai Phu Ho,Thach Binh and Hung Long which were suitable to be cultivated in the local area were selected. In addition,Phu Dong was the available,early-maturing germplasm resource. [Conclusion] This research will provide reference for litchi production and breeding in northern mountainous area.
基金Supported by Introduction of Overseas Tropic Crops Germplasm Resources(948Program of China)(2010-G2-08)a Program for Construction of Modern Agriculture Industrial Technology System(nycytx-32-17)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to screen longan varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam.[Method] The fruit botanical characteristics and quality characteristics of longan varieties introduced into Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute of Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Sciences were compared and analyzed.[Result] Two varieties with good general qualities including PMP6 and PHS1-1 which were suitable to be cultivated in the local area were selected.In addition,Phu Dong was the available processed germplasm resource.[Conclusion] This research will provide reference for longan production and breeding in Northern Mountainous.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation Guiding and Incentive Fund of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(20111705)~~
文摘ln this study, 12 maize populations were improved with the improved S1 selection method, aiming to increase the improvement efficiency of maize popula-tions. The results showed that number of rows per spike, number of grains per row and 100-grain weight were the three important component traits of maize yield. The highest genetic increment was found in Mengqun 2, fol owed by Mengqun 4, Mengqun 1 and other 7 maize populations. Negative genetic increment was shown in Mengqun 3 and 3 introduced foreign maize populations. Some changes were shown in spikes, plant traits and genetic diversity of maize populations. Based on our results, we concluded that Mengqun 2, Mengqun 4, Zhongzong 7, Mengqun C and Mengqun A could be directly used for the line breeding by selfing for their higher genetic increment of yield and better improvement effects of other agricultural traits. Compared with these 5 populations, the improvement potential of other maize populations was limited for their lower genetic increment.
基金Project(20235020) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The chemical components of the essential oils in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver were analyzed and compared by chromatograms and mass spectra technique, heuristic evolving latent projections (HELP), alternative moving window factor analysis (AMWFA) algorithms and normalization method based on the peak areas; the flavones in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver were separated on an ODS column by gradient elution carried out with the flow phase consisting of water, methanol and phosphoric acid (0.1%), and their contents were quantitatively determined by standard curve method and diode array detection (DAD) at 362 nm. The results show that 68 and 73 compounds respectively from essential oils of the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver are identified, and there are 33 mutual compounds among 108 compounds determined. The total contents of these volatile components of the two samples possess 92.9% and 97.75% of the gross of the relevant essential oils, respectively; the contents of the rutin, quercetin and kaempferol in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver are 0.016 9, 0.003 6, 0.002 1 and 0.064 4, 0.030 2, 0.010 0 mg/g, respectively, and the determination recoveries are 95.2%-106.2%. The comparative analysis shows that for the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, there are significant differences in their components of the relevant essential oils and flavones.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31860450)the Marine and Fisheries Bureau of Haikou(No.HHCL201804)+2 种基金the Innovative Research Projects of Graduate Students of Hai-nan Province(No.Hys2018-197)the Key Science and Technology Program of Haikou City(No.2017051)the Scientific Research Foundation of Hainan University(No.kyqd1662)
文摘This study investigated the difference of nutrient composition in Caulerpa lentillifera collected from different regions.The nutrient compositions of C.lentillifera from China's Hainan and Shandong provinces were determined and compared with those from Semporna(Malaysia),Sabah(Malaysia),Petchburi(Thailand),and two other species of seaweeds(Malaysia).The results showed that the polysaccharide and protein contents of C.lentillifera from Hainan(44.82%±0.98%and 12.5%±0.70%),Shandong(43.22%±1.42%and 14.7%±0.72%),Petchburi(59.27%±2.31%and 12.49%±0.30%),and Sabah(44.02%±2.01%and 19.38%±1.48%)were higher than those of Eucheuma cottonii(26.49%±3.01%and 9.76%±1.33%)and Sargassum polycystum(33.49%±1.70%and 5.40%±0.07%),respectively.The polyunsaturated fatty acid contents in C.lentillifera from Hainan(29.98%)and Shandong(22.11%)were higher than that in Semporna(16.76%±0.27%),Sabah(9.49%),and S.polycystum(20.34%±0.43%),but lower than that in E.cottonii(51.55%±0.57%).In Caulerpa lentillifera of Hainan and Shandong provinces,the essential amino acid(EAA)/total amino acid(TAA)ratios were 35.22%and 38.78%,respectively;and the EAA/ETAA ratios were 54.36%and 63.35%,respectively.The EAA composition of C.lentillifera was close to the ideal model of Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization.C.lentillifera was rich in mineral elements,including calcium((3315.85±127.55)mg(100 g)^-1 and(3728.35±92.38)mg(100 g)^-1),magnesium((6715.74±82.58)mg(100 g)^-1 and(8128.59±242.72)mg(100 g)^-1),and trace elements,including iron((510.65±5.47)mg(100 g)^-1 and(1972.97±183.35)mg(100 g)^-1),selenium((1.04±0.08)mg(100 g)^-1 and(0.83±0.15)mg(100 g)^-1),and zinc((33.90±0.13)mg(100 g)^-1 and(11.75±2.05)mg(100 g)^-1).These results showed that C.lentillifera was more nutritious than S.polycystum or E.cottonii in terms of polysaccharide,protein,and fatty acid contents.Furthermore,both C.lentillifera species collected from Hainan and Shandong provinces show more basic nutrients.Therefore,C.lentillifera has important development and application prospects.
基金supported by the Basic Research and Operating Fund (K0903)the China Geological survey's project (1212011085524 12120113019100)
文摘The knowledge of Martian salts has gone through substantial changes during the past decades. In the 70th of last century, Viking landers have noticed the existence of salts on Mars. Several salt species have been suggested from then on, such as sulfates and chlorides. However, their origin was a mystery due to the lack of observations. The recent explorations and related studies at the beginning of this century revealed that the crustal composition of Mars is similar to that of Earth, and it was hypothesized that almost one third of Martian surface was covered by oceans and lakes in the early stage of Mars. The huge water bodies may have dissolved a large quantity of ions from Martian primary rocks during the whole Noachian and Hesperian epoch. After the enormous drought event happened during the late Hesperian and the early Amazonian, these dissolved ions have formed huge salts deposits and most of them were preserved on Mars until today. To date, carbonates, sulfates, chlorides have all been detected by orbital remote sensing and by landers and rovers. However, the salt mineral assemblages on Mars seems to have some differences from those on Earth, e.g., rich in sulfates and lack of massive carbonates. To explain this difference, we propose that most of the surface carbonates precipitated from the ancient oceans may have been dissolved by the later ubiquitous acidic fluids originated from the global volcanism in the Hesperian era, and formed the enormous sulfate deposits as detected, and this hypothesis seems to be supported by the evidence that most of the sulfate deposits distribute around the Tharsis volcanic province while the survived carbonates located far from it. This process can release most of the carbon on Mars to the atmosphere in the form of CO2 and then be erased by the late heavy bombardments, which might have profound influence on the climate change happened in the Hesperian age. The positive correlation between the GRS results of the potassium distributions and the distribution of chlorides on Mars, together with the high Br concentration measured from the evaporate sediments at two Mars exploration rover landing sites, indicate that the brines in the regions where the chlorides deposited may have reached the stage for potassium salts deposition, thus we propose for the first time that potassium salts deposits might be prevalent in these regions.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists(Grant No.2010T2Z17)Special Funding of Russia,Ukraine and Belarus,Bureau of International Cooperation Chinese Academy of Sciences,2011
文摘Xinjiang Tianshan is a serial natural property that has been nominated for World Heritage status.This paper presents a systematically comprehensive and comparative analysis of the heritage resources of Xinjiang Tianshan according to the World Heritage criteria.Its biological,ecological and aesthetic values,which are of global importance, are documented.It is concluded that Xinjiang Tianshan meets the world heritage criteria(vii)and (ix).Xinjiang Tianshan is compared with other mountain world heritage sites,mountains in Central Asia,the Tianshan Mountains outside China,and with the protected areas of the Tianshan Mountains on the Tentative List for World Heritage Sites,so as to provide objective data for the world heritage application.
基金supported by the National Major Scientific Instruments and Equipment Development Projects(No.2011YQ15007208)Shanghai Science and Technology Support Project(No.12431901102)
文摘The present study was designed to identify the difference between two rapamycin biosynthetic gene clusters from Streptomyces hygroscopicus ATCC29253 and Actinoplanes sp. N902-109 by comparing the sequence and organization of the gene clusters. The biosynthetic gene cluster for rapamycin in Streptomyces hygroscopicus ATCC29253 was reported in 1995. The second rapamycin producer, Actinoplanes sp. N902-109, which was isolated in 1995, could produce more rapamycin than Streptomyces hygroscopicus ATCC29253. The genomic map of Actinoplanes sp. N902-109 has been elucidated in our laboratory. Two gene clusters were compared using the online software anti-SMASH, Glimmer 3.02 and Subsystem Technology(RAST). Comparative analysis revealed that the organization of the multifunctional polyketide synthases(PKS) genes: Rap A, RapB, RapC, and NRPS-like RapP were identical in the two clusters. The genes responsible for precursor synthesis and macrolactone modification flanked the PKS core region in N902-109, while the homologs of those genes located downstream of the PKS core region in ATCC29253. Besides, no homolog of the gene encoding a putative type II thioesterase that may serve as a PKS "editing" enzyme accounted for over-production of rapamycin in N902-109, was found in ATCC29253. Furthermore, no homologs of genes rapQ(encoding a methyltransferase) and rap G in N902-109 were found in ATCC29253, however, an extra rap M gene encoding methyltransferase was discovered in ATCC29253. Two rapamycin biosynthetic gene clusters displayed overall high homology as well as some differences in gene organization and functions.
基金supported by the Major Meteorological Industry Standard Program of China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. QX/T-2012-24)
文摘The characteristics of regional high temperature(HT) weather in 2013 and 2003 and their causes were studied using daily maximum temperature data, National Center for Environmental Prediction(NCEP) reanalysis data, and outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) data. For these two years of HT weather, there were many similar characteristics, such as their long duration, wide range, high intensity, and severe influence. However, there were also three obvious differences: firstly, in 2013, the major area where HT weather occurred was farther north than in 2003; secondly, the HT weather in South China and the southeast area of Jiangnan in 2013 lasted fewer days than in 2003, but in other areas it lasted for more days than in 2003; thirdly, the intensity of the HT weather in 2013 was also stronger in the north and weaker in the south, similar to that of the duration. A strong and stable western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH), a continental warm high, and the distribution of the warm center in the lower troposphere played important roles in the HT weather formation. Several probable causes for the differences are that the cold air was weaker, the WPSH was farther north, and the tropical convective systems were stronger in 2013 than in 2003. Finally, a preliminary cause analysis of the WPSH anomaly was presented.
基金supported by the Key Forestry Public Welfare Project of China(201504105)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0600700)the Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation Funds of Jiangsu Province[CX(16)1005].
文摘Ginkgo biloba is a famous living“fossil”and has played an important role in the evolution of the Plant Kingdom.Here,the complete chloroplast genome of G.biloba was sequenced and analysed.The chloroplast genome was 156,990 bp long and predicted to encode 134 genes including 85 protein-coding genes,41 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes.The chloroplast genome has a typical quadripartite structure with a pair of inverted repeat regions(IRa and IRb,17,732 bp),a large(LSC,99,259 bp)and small single(SSC,22,267 bp)copy region.After an extensive comparison to previously published gymnosperm plastomes,the gene content and organisation of G.biloba showed high divergence,although part was relatively conserved.The two typical IR regions in the G.biloba chloroplast genome were relatively shorter because it the ycf2 gene.In addition,it was obvious that the IR regions and gene loss were responsible for changes in chloroplast genome size and structure stability,which influenced plastome evolution in different gymnosperms.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that G.biloba is sister to cycads rather than to gnetophytes,cupressophytes,and Pinaceae.Overall,the study showed that the genomic characteristics of G.biloba would be of great help in the further research on the taxonomy,species identification and evolutionary history of gymnosperms,especially for their position in plant systematics and evolution.
文摘To examine accuracy of body composition predicted by the Multi-Frequency Bioelectric Impedance Analysis （MF-BIA） compared with the Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry （DXA） in adults with obese. We measured body composition of 749 adults with obese both by the MF-BIA and DXA. The Lin＇s concordance correlation and the Bland-Altman plots were used to examine the consistency. The concordance correlation coefficient of %BF between the MF-BIA and DXA in men and women was 0.560, and 0.669, respectively. Compared with the DXA, the MF-BIA significantly underestimated %BF by 4.33% in men （P 〈 0.001）, however overestimated %BF by 0.50% in women （P 〈 0.001）. After corrected by the correction equations established in this study, the differences were significantly decreased. Therefore, the MF-BIA （TANITA MC-180） may need to be corrected in estimating body composition for adults with obese.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31670569)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2572019CG05)Special thanks to the support of the Chinese University Students,Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(202010225071).
文摘The morphology and properties of corn starch and cassava starch were compared by SEM, DSC and TGA. Theeffects of amylose and amylopectin content on starch properties were studied by FT-IR, XRD and XPS. The plywood was pressed with the prepared adhesive and the bonding strength of the plywood was tested to analyze thedifference among the adhesives from different plant sources and the difference after blending PAPI prepolymer.FT-IR results showed that the hydroxyl peak of cassava starch was stronger and wider. TGA showed that the residue of cassava starch was lower, but the thermal stability of cassava starch was almost the same. XPS data showedthat the oxygen content of cassava starch was slightly higher, but the carbon content was slightly lower. SEM analysis showed that corn starch granules were more irregular and sharper than cassava starch, and cassava starchgranules were more uniform, regular and round.
文摘Taking three typical farmers' specialized cooperatives in Jingyuan County of Gansu Province as example,this paper compared with the operating mode of three cooperatives and their position in the agricultural industry chain,and analyzed operating characteristics,problems,and similarities of three cooperatives and their functions in the agricultural industry chain.The study indicated that the farmers' specialized cooperatives can accurately find their position in the agricultural industry chain.This is helpful for raising their comprehensive competitiveness and it is very important to manage the survival and development of farmers' specialized cooperatives,which is of utmost importance to their effective operation.According to this study,the government should strengthen its support,speed up the cultivation of new-type professional farmers,while farmers' specialized cooperatives should grasp the operating characteristics,locate themselves and integrate multi-resources.These are effective measures for promoting healthy operation of farmers' specialized cooperatives.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-Profit Research Institution of CAF(CAFYBB2018ZB001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071065)。
文摘Quercus L.has significant societal,ecological and economic benefits in the Northern Hemisphere.However,species identification among oaks is notoriously difficult.China harbours highly diverse oaks,of which the diversity of white oaks is the most extensive;however,to date,the evolution of chloroplast(cp)genomes in white oaks in China has not been comprehensively studied.Thus,we sequenced the complete cp genomes(161,254 bp,161,229 bp and 161,254 bp in size)of three white oak species(Quercus serrata Thunb.var.brevipetiolata A.DC.Nakai,Quercus wutaishansea Mary and Quercus mongolica Fischer ex Ledebour,respectively).Six white oak species(Quercus aliena Blume,Quercus dentata Thunb.,Quercus aliena Blume var.acutiserrata Maximowicz ex Wenzig,Q.serrata var.brevipetiolata,Q.wutaishanica and Q.mongolica)and five other Fagaceae species(Quercus rubra L.,Quercus variabilis Bl.,Quercus aquifolioid.es Rehd.et Wils.,Fagus engleriana Seem.and Castanea henryi Skan Rehd.et Wils.)were retrieved for comparative analyses.We detected11 highly divergent regions(psbA,matK/rps16,rps16,trnSGCU/trnG-GCC,trnR-UCU/atpA,trnT-GGU/psbD,ndhJ,ndhJ/ndhK,accD,ndhF and ycfl)through comparative analyses and these regions might be used as molecular markers.Theωratio of the rps12,rpoC2 and ycf1 genes was greater than 1 in several comparison groups between white oaks and the petA gene was subjected to significant positive selection between the comparison of six white oaks and Q.variabilis.Phylogenetic analyses revealed that six white oaks were grouped with Q.rubra,forming a single clade.
