This study focused on the impact of intelligent learning companions(ILC)on Chinese EFL learners’oral English ability and technology perception.Using a quasi-experimental design,this study selected 51 EFL learners fro...This study focused on the impact of intelligent learning companions(ILC)on Chinese EFL learners’oral English ability and technology perception.Using a quasi-experimental design,this study selected 51 EFL learners from a university in southeast China and randomly divided them into an experimental group(EG,n=24)and a control group(CG,n=27).During the 16-week intervention period,the experimental group adopted the intelligent learning companion teaching strategy supported by artificial intelligence technology(Relying on the IFlytek Spark Platform),while the control group adopted the learning companion strategy guided by teachers.The experimental group not only had better oral English scores(p=0.001<0.05)but also showed a significant increase in technology perception(p=0.01<0.05).The research provides a new perspective for effectively integrating artificial intelligence technology in oral English teaching.Also,it offers strong empirical support for theoretical study and practical application in enhancing the oral expression ability of the second language,English.展开更多
Paula Hagen-Peterson an American reader, asked us in a recent letter, ’’Pats are treated as family members in many countries. Can you tell me how dogs, cats, birds and horses are treated in China" Many readers ...Paula Hagen-Peterson an American reader, asked us in a recent letter, ’’Pats are treated as family members in many countries. Can you tell me how dogs, cats, birds and horses are treated in China" Many readers have asked us this very question and so to satisfy their curiosity, China Today has asked several Chinese pet owners to talk about their relationships with their pets. Nowadays, Chinese not only like to raise traditional pets such as cats and dogs, but they also enjoy raising lizards end snaker.展开更多
A study was conducted to describe the experiences of primiparous women with the support they received from their birth companions during labour and delivery in Malawi. The study design was descriptive and utilized qua...A study was conducted to describe the experiences of primiparous women with the support they received from their birth companions during labour and delivery in Malawi. The study design was descriptive and utilized qualitative data collection and analysis method on a sample of 20 primiparous women. The women were recruited from the postnatal ward of Bwaila hospital and were interviewed regarding their experiences on the support they received from their birth companions during labour and delivery using an open ended interview guide. Data was manually analyzed using content analysis. Primiparous women described the support they received from their birth companions as useful and beneficial. Birth companions provided advice, physical, emotional and spiritual support to the women during their labour and delivery. In addition, the birth companions were viewed as guardians of the women during labour and delivery. Results however, show that some women were not properly assisted by their companions because both the mothers and companions lacked knowledge on birth companionship. The results further show that birth companions play important roles during the birth and delivery of primiparous women and thereby improving birth outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to train the companions regarding support to a woman during labour and delivery. Primiparous women also need to be trained during antenatal care education so that they properly understand the roles of a birth companion as opposed to those of the midwives.展开更多
The successful bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics has provided a new opportunity for the popularization of ice-snow sports and making improvements in the efficiency of ice-snow tourism in China.Taking Zhangjiakou City i...The successful bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics has provided a new opportunity for the popularization of ice-snow sports and making improvements in the efficiency of ice-snow tourism in China.Taking Zhangjiakou City in Hebei Province as the research object and using questionnaire analysis and the structural equation model(SEM),this paper examined several hypotheses of the relationship between tourist experiential value and tourist loyalty in the context of ice-snow tourism,and a mediation analysis was conducted to explore the moderating role of travel companions.The results show that:(1)The functional value,emotional value and social value have significant positive effects on tourist loyalty;(2)Tourist satisfaction is a partial mediator between functional value,emotional value,social value and tourist loyalty,and a full mediator between cognitive value and tourist loyalty;and(3)Travel companions play a significant moderating role in the influence of emotional value on tourist loyalty.Based on these findings,several suggestions are put forward for the high-quality development of ice-snow tourism in China,including developing ice-snow family tourism products,building an ice-snow brand with winter Olympics characteristics,constructing the ice-snow industrial system,and cultivating ice-snow culture.展开更多
We have performed Monte Carlo simulations of the rotation of single stars and companions of compact objects(The compact objects are white dwarfs(WDs) and neutron stars(NSs)) in close binaries.We present a comparison b...We have performed Monte Carlo simulations of the rotation of single stars and companions of compact objects(The compact objects are white dwarfs(WDs) and neutron stars(NSs)) in close binaries.We present a comparison between the rotation of companions of compact objects and that of single stars.We find that the rotation of the companions of compact objects is on average faster than that of the single stars.According to the distribution of the orbital period and the rotation angular velocity,we find that the rotation of the companions of compact objects is mostly accelerated by stable mass transfer.Tidal forces of the compact object can also affect the rotation of companion.展开更多
Trade and other economic issues still loom large between China and the United States, although cooperation between the two countries has been increasing every year. In an exclusive interview with Beijing Review, Charl...Trade and other economic issues still loom large between China and the United States, although cooperation between the two countries has been increasing every year. In an exclusive interview with Beijing Review, Charles Martin, President of the American Chamber of Commerce in China, discusses a range of issues affecting U.S. businesses operating here.展开更多
本文让人眼界一开。文中的许多名词,就让我们耳目一新。比如:"partner"robots(机器人玩伴)／robot therapy(机器人疗法)／robotics(机器人技术)／pet-like robots for stimulating and comforting elderly patients(宠物似的...本文让人眼界一开。文中的许多名词,就让我们耳目一新。比如:"partner"robots(机器人玩伴)／robot therapy(机器人疗法)／robotics(机器人技术)／pet-like robots for stimulating and comforting elderly patients(宠物似的机器人,用于逗乐和安抚老年病人)／emotional attachments to robots(对机器人的情感依恋)。日本在robots are the answer to caring for aging societies(对老年化社会的安抚机器人却是一个答案)方面,看来又处在领先一步的状态,笔者不由地想起,我国的许多城市也正在进入一个老龄化的社会,"partner"robots的研发,不仅仅是一个商机,更重要的一个让现代科技是造福人类的问题。展开更多
The e-companions, f-companions and g-companions are three major classes of companions. Although maximal types can be applied to the depiction of existentially closed (abbr. e. c.) structures, they (even their modifica...The e-companions, f-companions and g-companions are three major classes of companions. Although maximal types can be applied to the depiction of existentially closed (abbr. e. c.) structures, they (even their modifications in complete types, normal types)展开更多
Researchers have discovered that mice instinctively exhibit rescue-like behavior towards anesthetized companions-a finding that suggests a biological basis for prosociality.The study,published in PNAS on April 23,2025...Researchers have discovered that mice instinctively exhibit rescue-like behavior towards anesthetized companions-a finding that suggests a biological basis for prosociality.The study,published in PNAS on April 23,2025,was led by Dr.HU Li from the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(IPCAS)and Dr.CHEN Zhoufeng from Washington University School of Medicine and the Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation.展开更多
Rapeseed is the primary domestic source of edible vegetable oil in China.Its oil is naturally rich in phytosterols,polyphenols,tocopherols,carotenoids and other lipid-soluble companions,which are highly beneficial to ...Rapeseed is the primary domestic source of edible vegetable oil in China.Its oil is naturally rich in phytosterols,polyphenols,tocopherols,carotenoids and other lipid-soluble companions,which are highly beneficial to human health.Since the content and bioaccessibility of these health-promoting companions are mostly locked during the first post-harvest operation,the pretreatment technology has become the decisive lever for simultaneously maximizing oil yield and nutritional value.This review critically synthesizes recent findings on how rapeseed pretreatment modulates its signature lipid companions,contrasts conventional roasting with emerging pulsed-electric field,microwave and steam-explosion technologies,and evaluates their respective impacts on extraction efficiency,structural integrity and functional performance on phytosterols,polyphenols,tocopherols and carotenoids.It particularly compares and analyzes the extraction efficiency,cost-effectiveness,and environmental impact for these emerging technologies,and discusses the prospects for their integrated applications.Furthermore,the review concludes with the current research trends in pretreatment technology and offers insights into future research directions,aiming to provide scientific guidance for the high-quality processing of rapeseed and the production of rapeseed oil with high nutritional value.展开更多
Dear editor,As of 2023,the domestic cat population in China reached 65 million,surpassing dogs to become the most numerous companion animal in the country.Feline calicivirus(FCV)infection,one of the three most prevale...Dear editor,As of 2023,the domestic cat population in China reached 65 million,surpassing dogs to become the most numerous companion animal in the country.Feline calicivirus(FCV)infection,one of the three most prevalent infectious diseases in cats,poses a severe threat to feline health.FCV,classified under the Caliciviridae family(genus Vesivirus).展开更多
The companion fungus ( Grifola sp.) related to sclerotial formation from hyphae of Grifola umbellata (Pers.) Pilat was isolated from the cavity associated with sclerotia of G. umbellata in natural condition. Experimen...The companion fungus ( Grifola sp.) related to sclerotial formation from hyphae of Grifola umbellata (Pers.) Pilat was isolated from the cavity associated with sclerotia of G. umbellata in natural condition. Experimental results showed that the pure culture of G. umbellata was unable to form sclerotia, whereas sclerotia produced easily in flasks or on trunks when the companion fungus was inoculated together with strain of G. umbellata. The companion fungus is critical for sclerotium formation from hyphae of G. umbellata. Morphological differences were found in cultures of the two fungi. The companion fungus possesses thin-walled narrow hyphae, while G. umbellata is of wider hyphae which are either thick- or thin-walled.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to solve the weeds existed in seedling period of alfalfa in Chongqing.[Method]The naked oat and common oat were selected.Through the analysis of determiners such as plant number,plant height,yie...[Objective]The aim was to solve the weeds existed in seedling period of alfalfa in Chongqing.[Method]The naked oat and common oat were selected.Through the analysis of determiners such as plant number,plant height,yield and weeds ratio,the oat type and sowing method were screened through all the accompany sowing crops to better control weeds in the seedling period of alfalfa.[Result]Compared with common oat,the tested naked oat as the companion crop of alfalfa seeding can prevent weeds more effectively;the proper companion-seeding disposal of alfalfa sowed in spring in Chongqing area was 15 kg/hm2 of alfalfa and 120 kg/hm2 of naked oat,sowing in strip in 40 cm row spacing;the proper mowing period of oat was during the time from May 11th to May 21st;the proper mowing period of alfalfa was ten days later.[Conclusion]Spring sowing oats with alfalfa can control seedling weeds effectively.展开更多
Spectrin-like protein has been found in a variety of plant cells. In this study, electron microscopic observation of immuno-gold labelled preparations from the leaf petiole of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) shows that...Spectrin-like protein has been found in a variety of plant cells. In this study, electron microscopic observation of immuno-gold labelled preparations from the leaf petiole of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) shows that it also exists in the sieve element-companion cell (SE-CC) complex, being widely distributed in P-protein filaments and sieve element reticulum (SER), in the cytoplasm and mitochondrial membrane of companion cell (CC) and in the branched plasmodesmata between sieve element (SE) and CC as well. The results suggest that this protein could be synthesized in CC and transferred to SE through plasmodesmata. Western blotting showed that spectrin-like protein existed in the protein of phloem exudate of cucumber, and its molecular weight was about 260 kD.展开更多
Amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene and overexpression of the HER2 protein is found in 15%-20% of patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer. The degree of HER2 ov...Amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene and overexpression of the HER2 protein is found in 15%-20% of patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer. The degree of HER2 overexpression and amplification varies with the location of the carcinoma, with higher expression in the gastroesophageal and proximal parts compared to the distal parts of the stomach. Further, HER2 overexpression and amplification also seems to be related to the Lauren histological classification, with higher levels found in the intestinal phenotype compared to the diffuse and mixed types. The prognostic properties of HER2 overexpression and amplification are still under debate, but a large number of studies seem to indicate that HER2 is a negative prognostic factor. The usefulness of HER2 targeted therapy in gastric cancer was demonstrated in the ToGA trial, where HER2-positive patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma were randomized to receive 5-FU/capecitabine and cisplatin, either alone or in combination with trastuzumab. A statically significant gain in overall survival was seen in patients who received the combined treatment of trastuzumab and chemotherapy. Patients with a strong overexpression of the HER2 protein (IHC3+) specifically benefited from the treatment, with a median overall survival of 17.9 mo. As a consequence of the positive results of the ToGA trial, patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma are now routinely tested for HER2. The ToGA trial must be characterized as a landmark in the treatment of gastric cancer and it has paved the way for a number of new HER2 targeted compounds such as pertuzumab, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, lapatinib, afatinib, and dacomitinib, which are currently undergoing phase II and III clinical testing. Overall, this review will discuss the current status of HER2 in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer and the future direction in relation to HER2 target therapy.展开更多
Companion cropping can influence cucumber productivity by altering soil chemical characteristics and microbial communities. However, how these alterations affect the growth of cucumber is still unknown. In this study,...Companion cropping can influence cucumber productivity by altering soil chemical characteristics and microbial communities. However, how these alterations affect the growth of cucumber is still unknown. In this study, seven different plant species were selected as companion plants for testing their effects on cucumber productivity. The effects of different companion plants on changes in soil chemical properties such as electrical conductivity （EC） and contents of essential nutrients as well as the structure and abundance of the soil Pseudomonas community were evaluated. The results showed a higher cucumber yield in the wheat/cucumber companion system than that in the cucumber monocultured and other companion cropping systems. The lowest phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） contents in the soil were found in the cucumber monocultured system, and the highest NO3＋-N and NH4＊-N contents were observed in the rye/cucumber companion system. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and real-time PCR analysis showed that the trifolium/cucumber companion system increased the diversity of the soil Pseudomonas community, while the chrysanthemum/cucumber companion system increased its abundance. Interestingly, plant-soil feedback trials revealed that inoculating the soil of the wheat/cucumber companion system increased the growth of cucumber seedlings. In conclusion, the effects of different companion plants on cucumber productivity, soil chemical characteristics and the soil Pseudomonas community were different, and wheat was a more suitable companion plant for increasing cucumber productivity. In addition, the altered microbial community caused by companion cropping with wheat contributed to increased cucumber productivity.展开更多
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common type ofcancer and represents a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. With recent biomedical advances in our understanding of the molecular characteristics of gastric ...Gastric cancer is the fourth most common type ofcancer and represents a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. With recent biomedical advances in our understanding of the molecular characteristics of gastric cancer, many genetic alterations have been identified as potential targets for its treatment. Multiple novel agents are currently under development as the demand for active agents that improve the survival of gastric cancer patients constantly increases. Based on lessons from previous trials of targeted agents, it is now widely accepted that the establishment of an optimal diagnostic test to select molecularly defined patients is of equal importance to the development of active agents against targetable genetic alterations. Herein, we highlight the current status and future perspectives of companion diagnostics in the treatment of gastric cancer.展开更多
Let R be an associative ring with unity 1. The existence of the Moore-Penrose inverses of block matrices overR is investigated and the sufficient ad necessary conditions for such existence are obtained. Furthermore, ...Let R be an associative ring with unity 1. The existence of the Moore-Penrose inverses of block matrices overR is investigated and the sufficient ad necessary conditions for such existence are obtained. Furthermore, the representation of the Moore-Penrose inverse of M=[0 A C B]is given under the condition of EBF - 0, where E - I - CCT and F - I -AfA. This result generalizes the representation of the Moore-Penrose inverse of the companion matrix M =[0 a In b]due to Pedro Patricio. As for applications, some examples are given to illustrate the obtained results.展开更多
In this study we characterized and investigated the specific phenomenon of "companion drops" in the drop-ondemand(DOD) ink jetting process.A series of simulations based on a piezoelectric DOD printhead syste...In this study we characterized and investigated the specific phenomenon of "companion drops" in the drop-ondemand(DOD) ink jetting process.A series of simulations based on a piezoelectric DOD printhead system is presented,adapting the volume-of-fluid(VOF) interface-capturing method to track the boundary evolution and model the interfacial physics.The results illustrate the causality between the generation of companion drops and droplet deviation behavior,as well as their close correlations with ink jetting straightness and printing accuracy.The characteristics of companion drops are summarized and compared with those of satellite drops.Also,a theoretical mechanism for the generation of companion drops is presented,and their effects and behaviors are analyzed and discussed.Finally,the effects of critical factors on the generation of companion drops are investigated and characterized based on variations in the printable pressure range.Recommendations are given for the suppression of companion drops and for the improvement of printing accuracy.展开更多
文摘This study focused on the impact of intelligent learning companions(ILC)on Chinese EFL learners’oral English ability and technology perception.Using a quasi-experimental design,this study selected 51 EFL learners from a university in southeast China and randomly divided them into an experimental group(EG,n=24)and a control group(CG,n=27).During the 16-week intervention period,the experimental group adopted the intelligent learning companion teaching strategy supported by artificial intelligence technology(Relying on the IFlytek Spark Platform),while the control group adopted the learning companion strategy guided by teachers.The experimental group not only had better oral English scores(p=0.001<0.05)but also showed a significant increase in technology perception(p=0.01<0.05).The research provides a new perspective for effectively integrating artificial intelligence technology in oral English teaching.Also,it offers strong empirical support for theoretical study and practical application in enhancing the oral expression ability of the second language,English.
文摘Paula Hagen-Peterson an American reader, asked us in a recent letter, ’’Pats are treated as family members in many countries. Can you tell me how dogs, cats, birds and horses are treated in China" Many readers have asked us this very question and so to satisfy their curiosity, China Today has asked several Chinese pet owners to talk about their relationships with their pets. Nowadays, Chinese not only like to raise traditional pets such as cats and dogs, but they also enjoy raising lizards end snaker.
文摘A study was conducted to describe the experiences of primiparous women with the support they received from their birth companions during labour and delivery in Malawi. The study design was descriptive and utilized qualitative data collection and analysis method on a sample of 20 primiparous women. The women were recruited from the postnatal ward of Bwaila hospital and were interviewed regarding their experiences on the support they received from their birth companions during labour and delivery using an open ended interview guide. Data was manually analyzed using content analysis. Primiparous women described the support they received from their birth companions as useful and beneficial. Birth companions provided advice, physical, emotional and spiritual support to the women during their labour and delivery. In addition, the birth companions were viewed as guardians of the women during labour and delivery. Results however, show that some women were not properly assisted by their companions because both the mothers and companions lacked knowledge on birth companionship. The results further show that birth companions play important roles during the birth and delivery of primiparous women and thereby improving birth outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to train the companions regarding support to a woman during labour and delivery. Primiparous women also need to be trained during antenatal care education so that they properly understand the roles of a birth companion as opposed to those of the midwives.
基金The National Social Science Foundation of China(20BJY199).
文摘The successful bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics has provided a new opportunity for the popularization of ice-snow sports and making improvements in the efficiency of ice-snow tourism in China.Taking Zhangjiakou City in Hebei Province as the research object and using questionnaire analysis and the structural equation model(SEM),this paper examined several hypotheses of the relationship between tourist experiential value and tourist loyalty in the context of ice-snow tourism,and a mediation analysis was conducted to explore the moderating role of travel companions.The results show that:(1)The functional value,emotional value and social value have significant positive effects on tourist loyalty;(2)Tourist satisfaction is a partial mediator between functional value,emotional value,social value and tourist loyalty,and a full mediator between cognitive value and tourist loyalty;and(3)Travel companions play a significant moderating role in the influence of emotional value on tourist loyalty.Based on these findings,several suggestions are put forward for the high-quality development of ice-snow tourism in China,including developing ice-snow family tourism products,building an ice-snow brand with winter Olympics characteristics,constructing the ice-snow industrial system,and cultivating ice-snow culture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11163005)the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang(Grant No. 2009211B01)the Foundation of Huoyingdong (Grant No.121107)
文摘We have performed Monte Carlo simulations of the rotation of single stars and companions of compact objects(The compact objects are white dwarfs(WDs) and neutron stars(NSs)) in close binaries.We present a comparison between the rotation of companions of compact objects and that of single stars.We find that the rotation of the companions of compact objects is on average faster than that of the single stars.According to the distribution of the orbital period and the rotation angular velocity,we find that the rotation of the companions of compact objects is mostly accelerated by stable mass transfer.Tidal forces of the compact object can also affect the rotation of companion.
文摘Trade and other economic issues still loom large between China and the United States, although cooperation between the two countries has been increasing every year. In an exclusive interview with Beijing Review, Charles Martin, President of the American Chamber of Commerce in China, discusses a range of issues affecting U.S. businesses operating here.
文摘本文让人眼界一开。文中的许多名词,就让我们耳目一新。比如:"partner"robots(机器人玩伴)／robot therapy(机器人疗法)／robotics(机器人技术)／pet-like robots for stimulating and comforting elderly patients(宠物似的机器人,用于逗乐和安抚老年病人)／emotional attachments to robots(对机器人的情感依恋)。日本在robots are the answer to caring for aging societies(对老年化社会的安抚机器人却是一个答案)方面,看来又处在领先一步的状态,笔者不由地想起,我国的许多城市也正在进入一个老龄化的社会,"partner"robots的研发,不仅仅是一个商机,更重要的一个让现代科技是造福人类的问题。
文摘The e-companions, f-companions and g-companions are three major classes of companions. Although maximal types can be applied to the depiction of existentially closed (abbr. e. c.) structures, they (even their modifications in complete types, normal types)
文摘Researchers have discovered that mice instinctively exhibit rescue-like behavior towards anesthetized companions-a finding that suggests a biological basis for prosociality.The study,published in PNAS on April 23,2025,was led by Dr.HU Li from the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(IPCAS)and Dr.CHEN Zhoufeng from Washington University School of Medicine and the Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program Key Special Project(Grant No.2024YFF1106100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32472446 and 22301313)+4 种基金Hubei Provincial Technology Innovation Project(Grant No.2024BBB084)Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2025BBB065)Innovation group project of Hubei Province(Grant No.2023AFA042)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)Hubei Young sci-tech Talen Funding Project(E Kexieban 2025[67])。
文摘Rapeseed is the primary domestic source of edible vegetable oil in China.Its oil is naturally rich in phytosterols,polyphenols,tocopherols,carotenoids and other lipid-soluble companions,which are highly beneficial to human health.Since the content and bioaccessibility of these health-promoting companions are mostly locked during the first post-harvest operation,the pretreatment technology has become the decisive lever for simultaneously maximizing oil yield and nutritional value.This review critically synthesizes recent findings on how rapeseed pretreatment modulates its signature lipid companions,contrasts conventional roasting with emerging pulsed-electric field,microwave and steam-explosion technologies,and evaluates their respective impacts on extraction efficiency,structural integrity and functional performance on phytosterols,polyphenols,tocopherols and carotenoids.It particularly compares and analyzes the extraction efficiency,cost-effectiveness,and environmental impact for these emerging technologies,and discusses the prospects for their integrated applications.Furthermore,the review concludes with the current research trends in pretreatment technology and offers insights into future research directions,aiming to provide scientific guidance for the high-quality processing of rapeseed and the production of rapeseed oil with high nutritional value.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1800100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32272982)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.23ZR1477100).
文摘Dear editor,As of 2023,the domestic cat population in China reached 65 million,surpassing dogs to become the most numerous companion animal in the country.Feline calicivirus(FCV)infection,one of the three most prevalent infectious diseases in cats,poses a severe threat to feline health.FCV,classified under the Caliciviridae family(genus Vesivirus).
文摘The companion fungus ( Grifola sp.) related to sclerotial formation from hyphae of Grifola umbellata (Pers.) Pilat was isolated from the cavity associated with sclerotia of G. umbellata in natural condition. Experimental results showed that the pure culture of G. umbellata was unable to form sclerotia, whereas sclerotia produced easily in flasks or on trunks when the companion fungus was inoculated together with strain of G. umbellata. The companion fungus is critical for sclerotium formation from hyphae of G. umbellata. Morphological differences were found in cultures of the two fungi. The companion fungus possesses thin-walled narrow hyphae, while G. umbellata is of wider hyphae which are either thick- or thin-walled.
文摘[Objective]The aim was to solve the weeds existed in seedling period of alfalfa in Chongqing.[Method]The naked oat and common oat were selected.Through the analysis of determiners such as plant number,plant height,yield and weeds ratio,the oat type and sowing method were screened through all the accompany sowing crops to better control weeds in the seedling period of alfalfa.[Result]Compared with common oat,the tested naked oat as the companion crop of alfalfa seeding can prevent weeds more effectively;the proper companion-seeding disposal of alfalfa sowed in spring in Chongqing area was 15 kg/hm2 of alfalfa and 120 kg/hm2 of naked oat,sowing in strip in 40 cm row spacing;the proper mowing period of oat was during the time from May 11th to May 21st;the proper mowing period of alfalfa was ten days later.[Conclusion]Spring sowing oats with alfalfa can control seedling weeds effectively.
文摘Spectrin-like protein has been found in a variety of plant cells. In this study, electron microscopic observation of immuno-gold labelled preparations from the leaf petiole of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) shows that it also exists in the sieve element-companion cell (SE-CC) complex, being widely distributed in P-protein filaments and sieve element reticulum (SER), in the cytoplasm and mitochondrial membrane of companion cell (CC) and in the branched plasmodesmata between sieve element (SE) and CC as well. The results suggest that this protein could be synthesized in CC and transferred to SE through plasmodesmata. Western blotting showed that spectrin-like protein existed in the protein of phloem exudate of cucumber, and its molecular weight was about 260 kD.
文摘Amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene and overexpression of the HER2 protein is found in 15%-20% of patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer. The degree of HER2 overexpression and amplification varies with the location of the carcinoma, with higher expression in the gastroesophageal and proximal parts compared to the distal parts of the stomach. Further, HER2 overexpression and amplification also seems to be related to the Lauren histological classification, with higher levels found in the intestinal phenotype compared to the diffuse and mixed types. The prognostic properties of HER2 overexpression and amplification are still under debate, but a large number of studies seem to indicate that HER2 is a negative prognostic factor. The usefulness of HER2 targeted therapy in gastric cancer was demonstrated in the ToGA trial, where HER2-positive patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma were randomized to receive 5-FU/capecitabine and cisplatin, either alone or in combination with trastuzumab. A statically significant gain in overall survival was seen in patients who received the combined treatment of trastuzumab and chemotherapy. Patients with a strong overexpression of the HER2 protein (IHC3+) specifically benefited from the treatment, with a median overall survival of 17.9 mo. As a consequence of the positive results of the ToGA trial, patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma are now routinely tested for HER2. The ToGA trial must be characterized as a landmark in the treatment of gastric cancer and it has paved the way for a number of new HER2 targeted compounds such as pertuzumab, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, lapatinib, afatinib, and dacomitinib, which are currently undergoing phase II and III clinical testing. Overall, this review will discuss the current status of HER2 in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer and the future direction in relation to HER2 target therapy.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-25)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31471917)
文摘Companion cropping can influence cucumber productivity by altering soil chemical characteristics and microbial communities. However, how these alterations affect the growth of cucumber is still unknown. In this study, seven different plant species were selected as companion plants for testing their effects on cucumber productivity. The effects of different companion plants on changes in soil chemical properties such as electrical conductivity （EC） and contents of essential nutrients as well as the structure and abundance of the soil Pseudomonas community were evaluated. The results showed a higher cucumber yield in the wheat/cucumber companion system than that in the cucumber monocultured and other companion cropping systems. The lowest phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） contents in the soil were found in the cucumber monocultured system, and the highest NO3＋-N and NH4＊-N contents were observed in the rye/cucumber companion system. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and real-time PCR analysis showed that the trifolium/cucumber companion system increased the diversity of the soil Pseudomonas community, while the chrysanthemum/cucumber companion system increased its abundance. Interestingly, plant-soil feedback trials revealed that inoculating the soil of the wheat/cucumber companion system increased the growth of cucumber seedlings. In conclusion, the effects of different companion plants on cucumber productivity, soil chemical characteristics and the soil Pseudomonas community were different, and wheat was a more suitable companion plant for increasing cucumber productivity. In addition, the altered microbial community caused by companion cropping with wheat contributed to increased cucumber productivity.
文摘Gastric cancer is the fourth most common type ofcancer and represents a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. With recent biomedical advances in our understanding of the molecular characteristics of gastric cancer, many genetic alterations have been identified as potential targets for its treatment. Multiple novel agents are currently under development as the demand for active agents that improve the survival of gastric cancer patients constantly increases. Based on lessons from previous trials of targeted agents, it is now widely accepted that the establishment of an optimal diagnostic test to select molecularly defined patients is of equal importance to the development of active agents against targetable genetic alterations. Herein, we highlight the current status and future perspectives of companion diagnostics in the treatment of gastric cancer.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11371089)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20141327)+1 种基金Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20120092110020)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.15KJB110021)
文摘Let R be an associative ring with unity 1. The existence of the Moore-Penrose inverses of block matrices overR is investigated and the sufficient ad necessary conditions for such existence are obtained. Furthermore, the representation of the Moore-Penrose inverse of M=[0 A C B]is given under the condition of EBF - 0, where E - I - CCT and F - I -AfA. This result generalizes the representation of the Moore-Penrose inverse of the companion matrix M =[0 a In b]due to Pedro Patricio. As for applications, some examples are given to illustrate the obtained results.
基金Project supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program(No. 2011BAD01B03)the Key Project of Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province (No. 2009C11099)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. Y1110230)
文摘In this study we characterized and investigated the specific phenomenon of "companion drops" in the drop-ondemand(DOD) ink jetting process.A series of simulations based on a piezoelectric DOD printhead system is presented,adapting the volume-of-fluid(VOF) interface-capturing method to track the boundary evolution and model the interfacial physics.The results illustrate the causality between the generation of companion drops and droplet deviation behavior,as well as their close correlations with ink jetting straightness and printing accuracy.The characteristics of companion drops are summarized and compared with those of satellite drops.Also,a theoretical mechanism for the generation of companion drops is presented,and their effects and behaviors are analyzed and discussed.Finally,the effects of critical factors on the generation of companion drops are investigated and characterized based on variations in the printable pressure range.Recommendations are given for the suppression of companion drops and for the improvement of printing accuracy.
