Because of the existing problems, features and demands in China ’s rural tourism development, sustainability in modern rural tourism necessitates the own ca-pability of rural vil ages and the active participation of ...Because of the existing problems, features and demands in China ’s rural tourism development, sustainability in modern rural tourism necessitates the own ca-pability of rural vil ages and the active participation of community residents. The structure of rural community with the impact of rural tourism is analyzed, and the coupling relation between rural tourism development mode and rural community is discussed. With the integration of rural tourism resource and community capability, network of rural tourism formats is organized starting with the possibility and ways of participation of community＆#39;s vil agers, and formats of public resource type, plat-form investment type, smal and micro enterprises type, and general investment type are constructed to realize the positive cycle of rural community factors and tourism development. A case study of Jindatian Vil age demonstrates the feasibility of rural tourism network mode based on community development, which can depend on community＇s capability to realize the sustainable rural tourism, the protection and heritance of rural culture, and the regeneration of rural economy.展开更多
Community participation is one of the focuses of the research on ecotourism. The research on community participative model is of great theoretical and practical significance. Based on the former experts’ studies, thi...Community participation is one of the focuses of the research on ecotourism. The research on community participative model is of great theoretical and practical significance. Based on the former experts’ studies, this paper analyzes ecotourism demonstration areas in Diqing Shangri-La of Yunnan as a case study. It mainly expounds the relationship between ecotourism and community participation and puts forward such a community participative model of ecotourism in Shangri-La.展开更多
The importance of valuing environmental resources,especially in ecotourism sites,has become increasingly important over the last two decades.Ecotourism is now considered as an important source of livelihood of local s...The importance of valuing environmental resources,especially in ecotourism sites,has become increasingly important over the last two decades.Ecotourism is now considered as an important source of livelihood of local stakeholders in backward regions.Therefore,the preservation of ecotourism sites through community participation seems very important to maintain continued flow of tourists.This study aimed at recognizing the importance of community participation for the preservation of ecotourism sites.For this,this study executed a survey based on non-probability sampling in two ecotourism sites(Garpanchkot and Baranti)covering 100 respondents in Purulia District,West Bengal of India.The central issue of this study was to assess the tendency of community participation for the conservation of ecotourism sites and find the optimum condition for offering participatory labour time.This study showed that the participation of young people is high,and the majority of respondents are aware of the importance in protecting ecotourism sites.Because respondents were too poor to offer money,the contingent valuation method(CVM)was used to elicit their willingness to pay(WTP)participatory labour time for the conservation of ecotourism sites.Respondents’age,income,education level,caste,and their perceived environmental quality had significant relationship with their WTP participatory labour time by applying the ordinary least square(OLS)model.It was found that the mean WTP participatory labour time of each respondent in a month is approximately 3.64 h.The significance of this study is that community participation can improve the sense of belonging,trust,and credibility of ecotourism sites,making them more appreciative of the value and protection of these sites.展开更多
Migrant relocation is an important measure for the scenic spot to effectively protect the ecological environment.The problem of migrant relocation of Wulingyuan World Heritage Site is the most serious and difficult pr...Migrant relocation is an important measure for the scenic spot to effectively protect the ecological environment.The problem of migrant relocation of Wulingyuan World Heritage Site is the most serious and difficult problem in the development of Wulingyuan,and it is a very representative case of migrant relocation in tourist attractions of China.Based on the community participation theory,this paper made a detailed analysis of the panel data on the relocation of residents in Wulingyuan World Heritage Site.Combining the first-hand information obtained from the field interviews,starting from the reasons for the relocation,the resettlement plan,and the effects of the relocation,it also analyzed the problems existing in the relocation of residents in Wulingyuan World Heritage Site.Finally,it came up with recommendations in line with the interests of residents from the perspective of community participation.展开更多
Since the turn of the 21st century, the central government in Zimbabwe encouraged community participation in natural resources utilization. The research intends to understand the efficacy of this paradigm shift on sus...Since the turn of the 21st century, the central government in Zimbabwe encouraged community participation in natural resources utilization. The research intends to understand the efficacy of this paradigm shift on sustainable wetland utilization in communal areas, focusing specifically on Chebvute wetland in Zvishavane district of Zimbabwe. Research data was gathered through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, direct observations and field measurements. These instruments targeted 19 purposively selected plot holders, project chairperson, Environmental Management Agency officer, Agritex officer and the headman. Mapping of the wetland area and its landuse was done using global positioning system receivers and the map was produced using ILWIS, ArcView and Google Earth images. Research findings revealed that the conserved wetland increased its size and biodiversity. Generally, all crops grown had estimated yields higher than the national averages per hectare. The average maize yield was 2.726 tonnes per hectare compared to national average of 0.87. However, conflicts between plot holders, other community members and officials from government institutions such as Environmental Management Agency and Agritex should be ironed out in order to safeguard the wetland＇s future.展开更多
This paper applied literature research, model analysis, considered current community-participated tourism development, established a four driving forces model on the basis of analyzing the driving forces for community...This paper applied literature research, model analysis, considered current community-participated tourism development, established a four driving forces model on the basis of analyzing the driving forces for community participation in heritage site protection and tourism development. The driving forces and applicability of community participation in heritage site protection and tourism development from the perspectives of interests drive, government pushing, tourism development attraction and environmental protection pressure.展开更多
The tourism industry is the second largest economic contributor in Malaysia, following the manufacturing sector. In 2008, recorded tourist arrivals reached 22.05 million and resulted in RM49.6 billion （USD13.4 billio...The tourism industry is the second largest economic contributor in Malaysia, following the manufacturing sector. In 2008, recorded tourist arrivals reached 22.05 million and resulted in RM49.6 billion （USD13.4 billion） in revenue. The government has recognized the tourism industry in Malaysia as an engine for economic, social, political and ecological development, especially in rural areas. The Homestay Program is actively promoted by the Ministry of Tourism as a type of community based tourism in Malaysia. It is realized by the government as a catalyst for rural community development, particularly from a socio-economic perspective. The benefits of community based tourism can be further developed through the participation of women, youth and retired people. To realize the potential of the Homestay Program, the Malaysian Rural Tourism Master Plan 2001 was formulated. In the Malaysian Plan （2006-2010）, one of the points of focus by the government is on community development; rural tourism is one of the mechanisms. By June 2009, there had been 3,264 participants in 140 Homestays. Recently, the Ministry of Tourism has given the Homestay Program special emphasis. Under the 9th Malaysia Plan, a total of RM40 million was allocated to the ministry for upgrading infrastructure and facilities in participating villages. Developing the capabilities of local communities is an important component in ensuring the tourism development project benefits them; without supporting the communities in their endeavors, the physical development means nothing to them. If local communities are not equipped to actively participate, third parties could easily manipulate them, resulting in external domination of tourism development. Therefore, this descriptive study explores the motivation of local communities involved in the Homestay Program and the readiness among the local communities, as well as the appropriateness of training provided by government agencies aimed towards empowering local communities. Sixty-two respondents from local communities actively involved in operating the Homestay Program participated in this study. Respondents were from the district of Muar, Johore, Malaysia （Homestay Kg. Parit Bugis, Homestay Kg. Satang Buaya, and Homestay Kg. Melayu Baharu, Bt 28 Lenga）.展开更多
Forests are vital for the environment through the support which they provide to biodiversity. They also provide cultural, social and economic support to human welfare. Forest degradation is attributed to multiple land...Forests are vital for the environment through the support which they provide to biodiversity. They also provide cultural, social and economic support to human welfare. Forest degradation is attributed to multiple land uses which include agriculture, human settlement, the use of trees as the main source of energy and other infrastructure development. The main objective of the study was to assess factors that influence community participation in forest management in Kangankundi village forest area in Balaka District, Southern Malawi. Simple random sampling was used to select 100 community members who were interviewed in the study. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22. The results showed positive significant relationship between community awareness and community participation (p = 0.015), and also between economic benefits and community involvement (p = 0.003). Involvement was not affected by income-generating activity which showed that (p = 0.781) and level of education (p = 0.535). Community awareness and economic benefits appear to be the main factors influencing community participation. Firewood and bamboos were noted to be the most resource obtained from the forest and beekeeping was also the income-generating activity in the study which is being promoted. It is concluded that community participation is influenced by many factors. The study recommends that youth must be deliberately involved in forest management as opposed to the current participation which is dominated by elderly people.展开更多
Entrusted to by Shijiazhuang municipal Party committee and government, Shanghai Tongji University fin- ished “The General Planning of Ecological Development Project of Hutuo River in Shijiazhuang City”. It aims to b...Entrusted to by Shijiazhuang municipal Party committee and government, Shanghai Tongji University fin- ished “The General Planning of Ecological Development Project of Hutuo River in Shijiazhuang City”. It aims to build Hutuo River into a wind-breaking and sand-fixing barrier and ecological protect district in the north of Shijiazhuang based on the recovery of natural ecology to improve the environment of Shijiazhuang city. It also intends to develop the district lightly and build it into a nature beauty spot and big park. After the construction for several years, the general environment of this district has been greatly improved. But during the development, the man-made landscapes are highlighted excessively, which deviates from the construction of nature landscape. The currency of constructing big leisure park gradually comes into being, so the recovery of nature ecological is slow. So, this paper intends to make the orientation to ecological development of Hutuo River in Shijiazhuang city and puts forward the community participation to promote the future development of ecotourism in Shijiazhuang.展开更多
In order to find out the factors which influence community participation in tourism,several effect factors are summed up through the investigation of the local residents and the analysis of the logistic regression of ...In order to find out the factors which influence community participation in tourism,several effect factors are summed up through the investigation of the local residents and the analysis of the logistic regression of the data gained from Xingwen world Geopark.Results indicated there are several main influencing factors of community participation such as the comparative benefit of tourist industry,participant residents'subjective wishes,preference consciousness of working opportunity obtainment in the tourist enterprise and participant skills.Based on above investigation data and field travel,the paper put forward several methods about how to enhance the residents'participant degree:increasing the comparative benefit of tourist industry,enhancing the attraction of tourism for boosting participant wishes,improving the preference consciousness on obtaining working opportunity in tourism industry and cultivating residents'participant skills through training.展开更多
This study explores the status of reforestation programs in Nakasongola Dis-trict,the role of community participation in their implementation,and the challenges hindering effective engagement.Utilizing a descriptive r...This study explores the status of reforestation programs in Nakasongola Dis-trict,the role of community participation in their implementation,and the challenges hindering effective engagement.Utilizing a descriptive research de-sign with quantitative and qualitative approaches,data were collected from 328 respondents through structured questionnaires and semi-structured inter-views.The data were analyzed using Excel for data cleaning and SPSS for ad-vanced statistical analysis,including chi-square tests to identify significant as-sociations.The findings reveal that reforestation efforts in Nakasongola are driven by mechanisms such as the provision of seedlings by government and non-governmental organizations,periodic tree planting,land allocation,and the establishment of tree schemes.Community participation plays a pivotal role in planning,planting,and monitoring activities,with a significant associa-tion observed between community involvement and program effectiveness.However,challenges such as financial constraints,limited information,low com-munity awareness,and restricted access to reforestation schemes undermine the sustainability of these programs.This study highlights the need for a robust pol-icy framework to strengthen institutional capacity,enhance resource allocation,and empower communities through inclusive,data-driven strategies.The find-ings provide a replicable model for evaluating and improving reforestation ef-forts in other regions facing similar environmental challenges,promoting sus-tainable forest management and community-led conservation initiatives.展开更多
Some Tibetan villages in Shenzha county, Tibet were chosen as typical Tibetan communities in China. Attitudes and perceptions towards Tibetan community participation in ecotourism were analyzed using face to face inte...Some Tibetan villages in Shenzha county, Tibet were chosen as typical Tibetan communities in China. Attitudes and perceptions towards Tibetan community participation in ecotourism were analyzed using face to face interviews. Most residents supported the development of ecotourism. They are willing to engage in ecotourism projects and accept ecotourism education and training, and expect that the government provides opportunities for them to participate in making ecotourism decisions. Most residents believed that ecotourism promotes local economies and social development, and enhances the ability and quality of local residents while improving their environmental consciousness. However, some residents were concerned that ecotourism may destroy local natural environments and Tibetan folk customs and culture. The level of community participation in ecotourism development is only in its infancy in Shenzha, but there is strong potential. The chief participatory approaches of ecotourism development for most residents were providing labor and catering services and commodities for tourism, and Tibetan performance singing and dancing. Limiting factors include language, a shortage of knowledge and skills, and poor ecotourism infrastructure. Most residents had little confidence that the government was willing to support them to participate in ecotourism. We put forward some mechanisms to enhance the level of community participation in ecotourism in this important region.展开更多
Town tourism is booming in China, The town＇s physical and human environment have been brought great impact with the influx of tourists. This paper took example of Kunming Guandu town, did research studies on both sid...Town tourism is booming in China, The town＇s physical and human environment have been brought great impact with the influx of tourists. This paper took example of Kunming Guandu town, did research studies on both sides in the core area of the two communities, did survey questionnaire and on-site interviews and used a Likert scale method for data processing and analysis, did analysis of residents participation in tourism situation of Guandu town, tried to find a key impact of the harmonious development of tourism in Guandu town and analyzed, identified the the negative factors, and improved the measures of feasibility in order to improve the Guandu community involvement.展开更多
Tight space and interactive resources grant tourism community residents a vital body status in community tourism development and construction process. Residents＇ all-sided and effective participation in Tourism devel...Tight space and interactive resources grant tourism community residents a vital body status in community tourism development and construction process. Residents＇ all-sided and effective participation in Tourism development process, with no doubt, is an open democratization process and an effective way to ensure sustainable development of tourism as it can raise residents＇ income and eliminate bad influence of tourism. ＂Impression-Liu Sanjie＂ is a scenic spot where ＂landscape live-action＂ is performed. Local residents （farmers） serve as the main part. Through survey and analysis of participation and perception of community residents, this paper aims at finding some useful consult and inspirations for the development, management and policy formulation of other rural scenic region alike.展开更多
This paper introduces a new concept of community-based ecotourism (CBET) that originated in foreign countries. Then it analyzes the significance of CBET development in nature reserve (NR). The authors think that commu...This paper introduces a new concept of community-based ecotourism (CBET) that originated in foreign countries. Then it analyzes the significance of CBET development in nature reserve (NR). The authors think that community participation is the evitable choice of nature reserve′s conservation and development. CBET, as the self-improved model of ecotourism, can promote tourism community sustainable development. Based on the stakeholder analysis of CBET in NRs, this paper addresses the reality, especially the problem of CBET development in NRs of China. In order to develop CBET in NRs of China, this paper takes some suggestions to promote the community participation: 1)gradual political empowerment, 2) deep level economic incentive, 3) widespread educational support, 4) impartial distribution of community benefits, and 5) stakeholders cooperation.展开更多
Community residents play an important role in the development of rural tourism. Taking the interest demands of stakeholders and non-cooperative game process as main line,the conflict of interest between community resi...Community residents play an important role in the development of rural tourism. Taking the interest demands of stakeholders and non-cooperative game process as main line,the conflict of interest between community residents and tourists and between community residents themselves as guidance,it built an interest relation model for community participating in rural tourism. Besides,it elaborated non-cooperative relation and their interest pattern for stakeholders of rural tourism,and discussed behavior interaction process and results of core stakeholders of rural tourism. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations for harmonious and healthy development of rural tourism.展开更多
This study examines the impact of waste management policies on public health in Bantar Gebang landfill which faces challenges such as inadequate infrastructure,low community participation,and ineffective policy implem...This study examines the impact of waste management policies on public health in Bantar Gebang landfill which faces challenges such as inadequate infrastructure,low community participation,and ineffective policy implementation.More than half of the waste generated is not transported to landfills,resulting in significant health and environmental risks,including respiratory infections,waterborne diseases,and vector-borne illnesses.The research adopts a qualitative phenomenological approach to understand the experiences of stakeholders,waste managers,and local communities.It also integrates the Waste Management Hierarchy,Community Participation Theory,and Policy Implementation Model to identify key gaps and propose potential solutions.The study reviews legal frameworks,including Indonesia’s Presidential Regulation No.97 of 2017,and specific regulations relevant to the site,evaluating their effectiveness in addressing waste and health issues.The findings highlight the need for stronger public education campaigns,increased investment in infrastructure,and the implementation of advanced technologies such as Waste-to-Energy plants.The study stresses that comprehensive policies on waste reduction,improved segregation,and better recycling practices are critical for achieving sustainable waste management.Additionally,greater inter-agency collaboration and active community engagement are essential for ensuring successful implementation.Drawing on experiences from Tokyo,Stockholm,and Berlin,the study suggests strategies to reduce landfill dependence and improve public health.展开更多
Numerous scholars and researchers have long advocated for citizen engagement in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction initiatives,although unique opportunities and challenges in effectively implementing citizen en...Numerous scholars and researchers have long advocated for citizen engagement in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction initiatives,although unique opportunities and challenges in effectively implementing citizen engagement still exist.It has been 12 years since the Great East Japan Earthquake,where the government called for a citizen-centered recovery and reconstruction process,and reconstruction in most areas in the Tohoku region has almost been concluded.Using qualitative data acquired through interviews with the residents,field observations during the World Bosai Walk,and questionnaire and archival research,this study aimed to discuss the overall reconstruction of Unosumai in Iwate Prefecture,giving the residents'perspective on the benefits and challenges they faced in participating in recovery planning and reconstruction and how the community has been able to strengthen their participation in disaster reduction initiatives since the earthquake and tsunami.This discussion is crucial as it would effectively offer lessons on engaging residents in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction after mega-disasters.展开更多
There are several interventions for malaria control in Latin America that are in line with the principles of the Ecohealth approach. The objective of this paper was to identify interventions for malaria control with e...There are several interventions for malaria control in Latin America that are in line with the principles of the Ecohealth approach. The objective of this paper was to identify interventions for malaria control with elements from the Ecohealth approach to evidence guiding elements, limiting and facilitating factors and recommendations for future interventions. A literature search was performed in six databases： Medline, Scopus, Central, IS! Web of Knowledge, Embase and BVS-Lilacs. To complement this information, several researchers were asked to participate in in-depth interviews. Ten articles, 6 reports from 3 IDRC interventions and 1 report of the PAMAFRO project were identified. Interventions included different methodologies to help improve the environment and health of the population. Interviewees coincided in analyzing malaria as a complex disease. They argued about the importance of carrying-out partnerships with various stakeholders in order to achieve sustainability of the interventions. The Ecohealth approach implies dialogue between community and researchers; participation of different disciplines; active participation of the various stakeholders; creation and maintenance of strategic alliances in pursuit of sustainability and scaling up of interventions into public policy.展开更多
There is a need for science and community knowledge and resources to be combined in the mitigation and rehabilitation of land degradation, as a large portion of degraded land in South Africa is communal land. Rainfall...There is a need for science and community knowledge and resources to be combined in the mitigation and rehabilitation of land degradation, as a large portion of degraded land in South Africa is communal land. Rainfall simulation was used at Okhombe valley, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa as a tool to collect scientific data regarding the erosion rates on cattle access paths and to demonstrate erosion driving forces to the community members. The community members were able to experience erosion taking place through rainfall simulation and observe the impact of slope and basal cover change on erosion rates. Cattle access paths and rehabilitated access paths showed similar runoff rates (Figure 1), however the sediment concentration varied between the severely degraded cattle access paths and the rehabilitated land. Through the rainfall demonstration a better understanding of the driving factors in the erosion process, an understanding of why particular mitigation techniques work and where such mitigation measures would be effective were identified. With the combination of scientific techniques and community knowledge and resources a step can be taken towards sustainable land degradation mitigation and rehabilitation in the communal areas of South Africa.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:Coupling Mechanism of Local Culture Heritage and Modern Rural Tourism Development:A Case Study of Rural Area in Southern Anhui(51408431)~~
文摘Because of the existing problems, features and demands in China ’s rural tourism development, sustainability in modern rural tourism necessitates the own ca-pability of rural vil ages and the active participation of community residents. The structure of rural community with the impact of rural tourism is analyzed, and the coupling relation between rural tourism development mode and rural community is discussed. With the integration of rural tourism resource and community capability, network of rural tourism formats is organized starting with the possibility and ways of participation of community＆#39;s vil agers, and formats of public resource type, plat-form investment type, smal and micro enterprises type, and general investment type are constructed to realize the positive cycle of rural community factors and tourism development. A case study of Jindatian Vil age demonstrates the feasibility of rural tourism network mode based on community development, which can depend on community＇s capability to realize the sustainable rural tourism, the protection and heritance of rural culture, and the regeneration of rural economy.
文摘Community participation is one of the focuses of the research on ecotourism. The research on community participative model is of great theoretical and practical significance. Based on the former experts’ studies, this paper analyzes ecotourism demonstration areas in Diqing Shangri-La of Yunnan as a case study. It mainly expounds the relationship between ecotourism and community participation and puts forward such a community participative model of ecotourism in Shangri-La.
文摘The importance of valuing environmental resources,especially in ecotourism sites,has become increasingly important over the last two decades.Ecotourism is now considered as an important source of livelihood of local stakeholders in backward regions.Therefore,the preservation of ecotourism sites through community participation seems very important to maintain continued flow of tourists.This study aimed at recognizing the importance of community participation for the preservation of ecotourism sites.For this,this study executed a survey based on non-probability sampling in two ecotourism sites(Garpanchkot and Baranti)covering 100 respondents in Purulia District,West Bengal of India.The central issue of this study was to assess the tendency of community participation for the conservation of ecotourism sites and find the optimum condition for offering participatory labour time.This study showed that the participation of young people is high,and the majority of respondents are aware of the importance in protecting ecotourism sites.Because respondents were too poor to offer money,the contingent valuation method(CVM)was used to elicit their willingness to pay(WTP)participatory labour time for the conservation of ecotourism sites.Respondents’age,income,education level,caste,and their perceived environmental quality had significant relationship with their WTP participatory labour time by applying the ordinary least square(OLS)model.It was found that the mean WTP participatory labour time of each respondent in a month is approximately 3.64 h.The significance of this study is that community participation can improve the sense of belonging,trust,and credibility of ecotourism sites,making them more appreciative of the value and protection of these sites.
文摘Migrant relocation is an important measure for the scenic spot to effectively protect the ecological environment.The problem of migrant relocation of Wulingyuan World Heritage Site is the most serious and difficult problem in the development of Wulingyuan,and it is a very representative case of migrant relocation in tourist attractions of China.Based on the community participation theory,this paper made a detailed analysis of the panel data on the relocation of residents in Wulingyuan World Heritage Site.Combining the first-hand information obtained from the field interviews,starting from the reasons for the relocation,the resettlement plan,and the effects of the relocation,it also analyzed the problems existing in the relocation of residents in Wulingyuan World Heritage Site.Finally,it came up with recommendations in line with the interests of residents from the perspective of community participation.
文摘Since the turn of the 21st century, the central government in Zimbabwe encouraged community participation in natural resources utilization. The research intends to understand the efficacy of this paradigm shift on sustainable wetland utilization in communal areas, focusing specifically on Chebvute wetland in Zvishavane district of Zimbabwe. Research data was gathered through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, direct observations and field measurements. These instruments targeted 19 purposively selected plot holders, project chairperson, Environmental Management Agency officer, Agritex officer and the headman. Mapping of the wetland area and its landuse was done using global positioning system receivers and the map was produced using ILWIS, ArcView and Google Earth images. Research findings revealed that the conserved wetland increased its size and biodiversity. Generally, all crops grown had estimated yields higher than the national averages per hectare. The average maize yield was 2.726 tonnes per hectare compared to national average of 0.87. However, conflicts between plot holders, other community members and officials from government institutions such as Environmental Management Agency and Agritex should be ironed out in order to safeguard the wetland＇s future.
文摘This paper applied literature research, model analysis, considered current community-participated tourism development, established a four driving forces model on the basis of analyzing the driving forces for community participation in heritage site protection and tourism development. The driving forces and applicability of community participation in heritage site protection and tourism development from the perspectives of interests drive, government pushing, tourism development attraction and environmental protection pressure.
文摘The tourism industry is the second largest economic contributor in Malaysia, following the manufacturing sector. In 2008, recorded tourist arrivals reached 22.05 million and resulted in RM49.6 billion （USD13.4 billion） in revenue. The government has recognized the tourism industry in Malaysia as an engine for economic, social, political and ecological development, especially in rural areas. The Homestay Program is actively promoted by the Ministry of Tourism as a type of community based tourism in Malaysia. It is realized by the government as a catalyst for rural community development, particularly from a socio-economic perspective. The benefits of community based tourism can be further developed through the participation of women, youth and retired people. To realize the potential of the Homestay Program, the Malaysian Rural Tourism Master Plan 2001 was formulated. In the Malaysian Plan （2006-2010）, one of the points of focus by the government is on community development; rural tourism is one of the mechanisms. By June 2009, there had been 3,264 participants in 140 Homestays. Recently, the Ministry of Tourism has given the Homestay Program special emphasis. Under the 9th Malaysia Plan, a total of RM40 million was allocated to the ministry for upgrading infrastructure and facilities in participating villages. Developing the capabilities of local communities is an important component in ensuring the tourism development project benefits them; without supporting the communities in their endeavors, the physical development means nothing to them. If local communities are not equipped to actively participate, third parties could easily manipulate them, resulting in external domination of tourism development. Therefore, this descriptive study explores the motivation of local communities involved in the Homestay Program and the readiness among the local communities, as well as the appropriateness of training provided by government agencies aimed towards empowering local communities. Sixty-two respondents from local communities actively involved in operating the Homestay Program participated in this study. Respondents were from the district of Muar, Johore, Malaysia （Homestay Kg. Parit Bugis, Homestay Kg. Satang Buaya, and Homestay Kg. Melayu Baharu, Bt 28 Lenga）.
文摘Forests are vital for the environment through the support which they provide to biodiversity. They also provide cultural, social and economic support to human welfare. Forest degradation is attributed to multiple land uses which include agriculture, human settlement, the use of trees as the main source of energy and other infrastructure development. The main objective of the study was to assess factors that influence community participation in forest management in Kangankundi village forest area in Balaka District, Southern Malawi. Simple random sampling was used to select 100 community members who were interviewed in the study. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22. The results showed positive significant relationship between community awareness and community participation (p = 0.015), and also between economic benefits and community involvement (p = 0.003). Involvement was not affected by income-generating activity which showed that (p = 0.781) and level of education (p = 0.535). Community awareness and economic benefits appear to be the main factors influencing community participation. Firewood and bamboos were noted to be the most resource obtained from the forest and beekeeping was also the income-generating activity in the study which is being promoted. It is concluded that community participation is influenced by many factors. The study recommends that youth must be deliberately involved in forest management as opposed to the current participation which is dominated by elderly people.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province （Grant No. D2005000537）；＂The development direction and grade appraisal of ecotourism resource in Hebei province＂.
文摘Entrusted to by Shijiazhuang municipal Party committee and government, Shanghai Tongji University fin- ished “The General Planning of Ecological Development Project of Hutuo River in Shijiazhuang City”. It aims to build Hutuo River into a wind-breaking and sand-fixing barrier and ecological protect district in the north of Shijiazhuang based on the recovery of natural ecology to improve the environment of Shijiazhuang city. It also intends to develop the district lightly and build it into a nature beauty spot and big park. After the construction for several years, the general environment of this district has been greatly improved. But during the development, the man-made landscapes are highlighted excessively, which deviates from the construction of nature landscape. The currency of constructing big leisure park gradually comes into being, so the recovery of nature ecological is slow. So, this paper intends to make the orientation to ecological development of Hutuo River in Shijiazhuang city and puts forward the community participation to promote the future development of ecotourism in Shijiazhuang.
文摘In order to find out the factors which influence community participation in tourism,several effect factors are summed up through the investigation of the local residents and the analysis of the logistic regression of the data gained from Xingwen world Geopark.Results indicated there are several main influencing factors of community participation such as the comparative benefit of tourist industry,participant residents'subjective wishes,preference consciousness of working opportunity obtainment in the tourist enterprise and participant skills.Based on above investigation data and field travel,the paper put forward several methods about how to enhance the residents'participant degree:increasing the comparative benefit of tourist industry,enhancing the attraction of tourism for boosting participant wishes,improving the preference consciousness on obtaining working opportunity in tourism industry and cultivating residents'participant skills through training.
文摘This study explores the status of reforestation programs in Nakasongola Dis-trict,the role of community participation in their implementation,and the challenges hindering effective engagement.Utilizing a descriptive research de-sign with quantitative and qualitative approaches,data were collected from 328 respondents through structured questionnaires and semi-structured inter-views.The data were analyzed using Excel for data cleaning and SPSS for ad-vanced statistical analysis,including chi-square tests to identify significant as-sociations.The findings reveal that reforestation efforts in Nakasongola are driven by mechanisms such as the provision of seedlings by government and non-governmental organizations,periodic tree planting,land allocation,and the establishment of tree schemes.Community participation plays a pivotal role in planning,planting,and monitoring activities,with a significant associa-tion observed between community involvement and program effectiveness.However,challenges such as financial constraints,limited information,low com-munity awareness,and restricted access to reforestation schemes undermine the sustainability of these programs.This study highlights the need for a robust pol-icy framework to strengthen institutional capacity,enhance resource allocation,and empower communities through inclusive,data-driven strategies.The find-ings provide a replicable model for evaluating and improving reforestation ef-forts in other regions facing similar environmental challenges,promoting sus-tainable forest management and community-led conservation initiatives.
基金National Science and Technology Support Plan (No. 2009BAH50B01-03) National Natural Science Foundation Item (No.41171435)
文摘Some Tibetan villages in Shenzha county, Tibet were chosen as typical Tibetan communities in China. Attitudes and perceptions towards Tibetan community participation in ecotourism were analyzed using face to face interviews. Most residents supported the development of ecotourism. They are willing to engage in ecotourism projects and accept ecotourism education and training, and expect that the government provides opportunities for them to participate in making ecotourism decisions. Most residents believed that ecotourism promotes local economies and social development, and enhances the ability and quality of local residents while improving their environmental consciousness. However, some residents were concerned that ecotourism may destroy local natural environments and Tibetan folk customs and culture. The level of community participation in ecotourism development is only in its infancy in Shenzha, but there is strong potential. The chief participatory approaches of ecotourism development for most residents were providing labor and catering services and commodities for tourism, and Tibetan performance singing and dancing. Limiting factors include language, a shortage of knowledge and skills, and poor ecotourism infrastructure. Most residents had little confidence that the government was willing to support them to participate in ecotourism. We put forward some mechanisms to enhance the level of community participation in ecotourism in this important region.
文摘Town tourism is booming in China, The town＇s physical and human environment have been brought great impact with the influx of tourists. This paper took example of Kunming Guandu town, did research studies on both sides in the core area of the two communities, did survey questionnaire and on-site interviews and used a Likert scale method for data processing and analysis, did analysis of residents participation in tourism situation of Guandu town, tried to find a key impact of the harmonious development of tourism in Guandu town and analyzed, identified the the negative factors, and improved the measures of feasibility in order to improve the Guandu community involvement.
文摘Tight space and interactive resources grant tourism community residents a vital body status in community tourism development and construction process. Residents＇ all-sided and effective participation in Tourism development process, with no doubt, is an open democratization process and an effective way to ensure sustainable development of tourism as it can raise residents＇ income and eliminate bad influence of tourism. ＂Impression-Liu Sanjie＂ is a scenic spot where ＂landscape live-action＂ is performed. Local residents （farmers） serve as the main part. Through survey and analysis of participation and perception of community residents, this paper aims at finding some useful consult and inspirations for the development, management and policy formulation of other rural scenic region alike.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40371039)
文摘This paper introduces a new concept of community-based ecotourism (CBET) that originated in foreign countries. Then it analyzes the significance of CBET development in nature reserve (NR). The authors think that community participation is the evitable choice of nature reserve′s conservation and development. CBET, as the self-improved model of ecotourism, can promote tourism community sustainable development. Based on the stakeholder analysis of CBET in NRs, this paper addresses the reality, especially the problem of CBET development in NRs of China. In order to develop CBET in NRs of China, this paper takes some suggestions to promote the community participation: 1)gradual political empowerment, 2) deep level economic incentive, 3) widespread educational support, 4) impartial distribution of community benefits, and 5) stakeholders cooperation.
文摘Community residents play an important role in the development of rural tourism. Taking the interest demands of stakeholders and non-cooperative game process as main line,the conflict of interest between community residents and tourists and between community residents themselves as guidance,it built an interest relation model for community participating in rural tourism. Besides,it elaborated non-cooperative relation and their interest pattern for stakeholders of rural tourism,and discussed behavior interaction process and results of core stakeholders of rural tourism. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations for harmonious and healthy development of rural tourism.
文摘This study examines the impact of waste management policies on public health in Bantar Gebang landfill which faces challenges such as inadequate infrastructure,low community participation,and ineffective policy implementation.More than half of the waste generated is not transported to landfills,resulting in significant health and environmental risks,including respiratory infections,waterborne diseases,and vector-borne illnesses.The research adopts a qualitative phenomenological approach to understand the experiences of stakeholders,waste managers,and local communities.It also integrates the Waste Management Hierarchy,Community Participation Theory,and Policy Implementation Model to identify key gaps and propose potential solutions.The study reviews legal frameworks,including Indonesia’s Presidential Regulation No.97 of 2017,and specific regulations relevant to the site,evaluating their effectiveness in addressing waste and health issues.The findings highlight the need for stronger public education campaigns,increased investment in infrastructure,and the implementation of advanced technologies such as Waste-to-Energy plants.The study stresses that comprehensive policies on waste reduction,improved segregation,and better recycling practices are critical for achieving sustainable waste management.Additionally,greater inter-agency collaboration and active community engagement are essential for ensuring successful implementation.Drawing on experiences from Tokyo,Stockholm,and Berlin,the study suggests strategies to reduce landfill dependence and improve public health.
文摘Numerous scholars and researchers have long advocated for citizen engagement in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction initiatives,although unique opportunities and challenges in effectively implementing citizen engagement still exist.It has been 12 years since the Great East Japan Earthquake,where the government called for a citizen-centered recovery and reconstruction process,and reconstruction in most areas in the Tohoku region has almost been concluded.Using qualitative data acquired through interviews with the residents,field observations during the World Bosai Walk,and questionnaire and archival research,this study aimed to discuss the overall reconstruction of Unosumai in Iwate Prefecture,giving the residents'perspective on the benefits and challenges they faced in participating in recovery planning and reconstruction and how the community has been able to strengthen their participation in disaster reduction initiatives since the earthquake and tsunami.This discussion is crucial as it would effectively offer lessons on engaging residents in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction after mega-disasters.
文摘There are several interventions for malaria control in Latin America that are in line with the principles of the Ecohealth approach. The objective of this paper was to identify interventions for malaria control with elements from the Ecohealth approach to evidence guiding elements, limiting and facilitating factors and recommendations for future interventions. A literature search was performed in six databases： Medline, Scopus, Central, IS! Web of Knowledge, Embase and BVS-Lilacs. To complement this information, several researchers were asked to participate in in-depth interviews. Ten articles, 6 reports from 3 IDRC interventions and 1 report of the PAMAFRO project were identified. Interventions included different methodologies to help improve the environment and health of the population. Interviewees coincided in analyzing malaria as a complex disease. They argued about the importance of carrying-out partnerships with various stakeholders in order to achieve sustainability of the interventions. The Ecohealth approach implies dialogue between community and researchers; participation of different disciplines; active participation of the various stakeholders; creation and maintenance of strategic alliances in pursuit of sustainability and scaling up of interventions into public policy.
文摘There is a need for science and community knowledge and resources to be combined in the mitigation and rehabilitation of land degradation, as a large portion of degraded land in South Africa is communal land. Rainfall simulation was used at Okhombe valley, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa as a tool to collect scientific data regarding the erosion rates on cattle access paths and to demonstrate erosion driving forces to the community members. The community members were able to experience erosion taking place through rainfall simulation and observe the impact of slope and basal cover change on erosion rates. Cattle access paths and rehabilitated access paths showed similar runoff rates (Figure 1), however the sediment concentration varied between the severely degraded cattle access paths and the rehabilitated land. Through the rainfall demonstration a better understanding of the driving factors in the erosion process, an understanding of why particular mitigation techniques work and where such mitigation measures would be effective were identified. With the combination of scientific techniques and community knowledge and resources a step can be taken towards sustainable land degradation mitigation and rehabilitation in the communal areas of South Africa.
