The framing of this theme would contribute to a better analysis of the benefits of open-air quarrying in Zinder, and should make it possible to understand and measure the socio-environmental externalities of this type...The framing of this theme would contribute to a better analysis of the benefits of open-air quarrying in Zinder, and should make it possible to understand and measure the socio-environmental externalities of this type of activity in an urban environment. The approach method consisted of carrying out surveys combined with field observations and interviews with the various stakeholders as well as the local population. The results obtained made it possible to identify both positive and negative impacts. The positive impacts are above all the advantages derived from these aggregate quarries, in particular, the creation of direct and permanent jobs and the increase in community income. The price of piling up a truck costs around 28,000 CFA ($56 CAN) and that of loading is around 10,000 F CFA ($20 CAN). This has the effect of removing young people (20 - 39 years old) from the circuit of migration outside the region and even the country. The possibility of using the extraction sites by the local population was identified, in terms of profits relating to fish farming, off-season crops, animal drinking and reclaimed plots. The study also noted negative externalities, such as the temptation of young boys to become involved in extractive activities for immediate gains at the expense of school attendance. Added to this is the upheaval in the topography of the urban landscape, pollution and nuisances (noise, visual and olfactory), while the disappearance or clogging of quarry ponds is the cause of frequent flooding in the neighborhoods. In short, corrective measures (e.g. the revegetation of sites) certainly make it possible to minimize the harmful impacts on the urban environment. But, to improve the performance and organizational capacity of the quarrying industry in Niger, even stronger regulation, training and awareness of stakeholders prove to be the necessary measures.展开更多
The development of tourism in Bengkulu Province was aimed at improving the tourism as one of the prioritizedsectors. This accomplished through the improvement of the tourism competitiveness, the development of localto...The development of tourism in Bengkulu Province was aimed at improving the tourism as one of the prioritizedsectors. This accomplished through the improvement of the tourism competitiveness, the development of localtourism, the development of human resources as well as the increase of the roles of the community and businesspeople in the tourism sector. The variety of tourism attractiveness and its potentials existing in Bengkulu Provincehas not been used and managed well as a tourism resources that has a selling point and a competitive value so that itcan accelerate the increase of the local government and community income. Such as tourism resources still need acreative and professional touch in order to make it as an object of tourism and to make it attractive; therefore, it canbe made as a tourism product that has selling value. Having considered the afore-mentioned condition, this studyaimed to the region and its problems existing in tourism. There was no explanation and firmness on the tourismobject classification as well as the existence of the facilities and infrastructure supporting other tourism in BengkuluProvince. The result of the study indicates that the reputation of the tourism had a very positive effect toward thetourism sectors. It had a small impact to the damage of nature and the local culture, but it created workopportunities and increased the community income. Other findings of the study were to provide input for a furtherresearch of the tourism development, that is information needed by the study in order to identify other factorsrelated to the product approach and the tourism market approach in developing the competitiveness of the tourismsector.展开更多
文摘The framing of this theme would contribute to a better analysis of the benefits of open-air quarrying in Zinder, and should make it possible to understand and measure the socio-environmental externalities of this type of activity in an urban environment. The approach method consisted of carrying out surveys combined with field observations and interviews with the various stakeholders as well as the local population. The results obtained made it possible to identify both positive and negative impacts. The positive impacts are above all the advantages derived from these aggregate quarries, in particular, the creation of direct and permanent jobs and the increase in community income. The price of piling up a truck costs around 28,000 CFA ($56 CAN) and that of loading is around 10,000 F CFA ($20 CAN). This has the effect of removing young people (20 - 39 years old) from the circuit of migration outside the region and even the country. The possibility of using the extraction sites by the local population was identified, in terms of profits relating to fish farming, off-season crops, animal drinking and reclaimed plots. The study also noted negative externalities, such as the temptation of young boys to become involved in extractive activities for immediate gains at the expense of school attendance. Added to this is the upheaval in the topography of the urban landscape, pollution and nuisances (noise, visual and olfactory), while the disappearance or clogging of quarry ponds is the cause of frequent flooding in the neighborhoods. In short, corrective measures (e.g. the revegetation of sites) certainly make it possible to minimize the harmful impacts on the urban environment. But, to improve the performance and organizational capacity of the quarrying industry in Niger, even stronger regulation, training and awareness of stakeholders prove to be the necessary measures.
文摘The development of tourism in Bengkulu Province was aimed at improving the tourism as one of the prioritizedsectors. This accomplished through the improvement of the tourism competitiveness, the development of localtourism, the development of human resources as well as the increase of the roles of the community and businesspeople in the tourism sector. The variety of tourism attractiveness and its potentials existing in Bengkulu Provincehas not been used and managed well as a tourism resources that has a selling point and a competitive value so that itcan accelerate the increase of the local government and community income. Such as tourism resources still need acreative and professional touch in order to make it as an object of tourism and to make it attractive; therefore, it canbe made as a tourism product that has selling value. Having considered the afore-mentioned condition, this studyaimed to the region and its problems existing in tourism. There was no explanation and firmness on the tourismobject classification as well as the existence of the facilities and infrastructure supporting other tourism in BengkuluProvince. The result of the study indicates that the reputation of the tourism had a very positive effect toward thetourism sectors. It had a small impact to the damage of nature and the local culture, but it created workopportunities and increased the community income. Other findings of the study were to provide input for a furtherresearch of the tourism development, that is information needed by the study in order to identify other factorsrelated to the product approach and the tourism market approach in developing the competitiveness of the tourismsector.
