The Qinba Mountains are climatically and ecologically recognized as the north-south transitional zone of China.Analysis of its phenology is critical for comprehending the response of vegetation to climatic change.We r...The Qinba Mountains are climatically and ecologically recognized as the north-south transitional zone of China.Analysis of its phenology is critical for comprehending the response of vegetation to climatic change.We retrieved the start of spring phenology(SOS)of eight forest communities from the MODIS products and adopted it as an indicator for spring phenology.Trend analysis,partial correlation analysis,and GeoDetector were employed to reveal the spatio-temporal patterns and climatic drivers of SOS.The results indicated that the SOS presented an advance trend from 2001 to 2020,with a mean rate of−0.473 d yr^(−1).The SOS of most forests correlated negatively with air temperature(TEMP)and positively with precipitation(PRE),suggesting that rising TEMP and increasing PRE in spring would forward and delay SOS,respectively.The dominant factors influencing the sensitivity of SOS to climatic variables were altitude,forest type,and latitude,while the effects of slope and aspect were relatively minor.The response of SOS to climatic factors varied significantly in space and among forest communities,partly due to the influence of altitude,slope,and aspect.展开更多
Ulva prolifera green tides are becoming aworldwide environmental problem,especially in the Yellow Sea,China.However,the effects of the occurrence of U.prolifera green tides on the community organization and stability ...Ulva prolifera green tides are becoming aworldwide environmental problem,especially in the Yellow Sea,China.However,the effects of the occurrence of U.prolifera green tides on the community organization and stability of surrounding microbiomes have still not been de-termined.Here,the prokaryotic microbial community network stability and assembly char-acteristics were systematically analyzed and compared between the green tide and non-green tide periods.U.prolifera blooms weaken the community complexity and robustness of surrounding microbiomes,increasing fragmentation and decreasing diversity.Bacteria and archaea exhibited distinct community distributions and assembly patterns under the influ-ence of green tides,and bacterial communities were more sensitive to outbreaks of green tides.The bacterial communities exhibited a greater niche breadth and a lower phyloge-netic distance during the occurrence of U.prolifera green tides compared to those during the non-green tide period while archaeal communities remained unchanged,suggesting that the bacterial communities underwent stronger homogeneous selection and more sensitive to green tide blooms than the archaeal communities.Piecewise structural equation model analysis revealed that the different responses of major prokaryotic microbial groups,such as Cyanobacteria,to environmental variables during green tides,were influenced by the variations in pH and nitrate during green tides and correlated with the salinity gradient during the non-green tide period.This study elucidates the response of the adaptability,associations,and stability of surrounding microbiomes to outbreaks of U.prolifera green tides.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil can lead to food chain accumulation and greatly impacts on human health.Bioremediation has gained more and more attention due to its environment-friendly,high efficiency and low-cost.I...Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil can lead to food chain accumulation and greatly impacts on human health.Bioremediation has gained more and more attention due to its environment-friendly,high efficiency and low-cost.In this work,we studied the impact of phosphate solubilizing bacterial agent(PSBA)on Cd bioavailability,microbial communities in soil and Cd accumulation in lettuce plants with pot experiment and field trial.Results of pot experiment showed that PSBA could decrease the bioavailability of Cd(Cd-acid extractable from 3.30 to 2.34mg/kg,Cd-reducible from 1.94 to 1.56 mg/kg),promote lettuce plants growth(increased by 33.85%height and by 33.65%fresh weight)and reduce the accumulation of Cd(from 5.85 to 3.73 mg/kg)in lettuce plants.High-throughput sequencing identified that PSBA could change the composition and structure of the soil microbial communities.The relative abundances of the three ecologically beneficial bacterial families of Pseudomonadaceae,Burkholderiaceae,and Enterobacteriaceae increased from 2.29%to 5.13%,0.56%to 5.24%,and 1.87%to 16.93%,respectively.And the former two were positively correlated with redox potential(Eh)(R^(2)=0.474,p<0.05,R^(2)=0.590,p<0.01,respectively).The bacterial networks were more complex in PSBA treatment,reflecting through more links(from 1893 to 2185)and a higher average degree(from 38.242 to 45.052)and density(from 0.390 to 0.469).Results of field trial demonstrated that PSBA could also decrease Cd content in lettuce plants and microbial composition in soil.This study indicated that PSBA could be served as an alternative material in bioremediation of Cd contamination in soil.展开更多
Elucidating the mechanisms underlying community assembly remains a central question in community ecology,especially in aquatic ecosystems disrupted by human activities.Understanding the causes and consequences of comm...Elucidating the mechanisms underlying community assembly remains a central question in community ecology,especially in aquatic ecosystems disrupted by human activities.Understanding the causes and consequences of community responses to changing environment is essential for revealing the ecological effects of anthropogenic disturbances and proposing practical strategies for ecological restoration.While stochastic dispersal and species sorting are known to influence local biological communities,most studies have focused on horizontal dispersal,often neglecting the vertical exchange of organisms between planktonic and sedimentary communities when studying stochastic dispersal.We used a highly disturbed urban river in Beijing as a model system to investigate the relative roles of stochastic dispersal versus species sorting driven by local pollution,as well as two components of stochastic dispersal,vertical exchange and horizontal dispersal,in structuring local bacterial communities.Our integrated analyses of planktonic and sedimentary bacterial communities revealed that,despite different spatial patterns along the river,both types of bacterial communities were primarily shaped by stochastic dispersal processes rather than species sorting influenced by the environmental gradient.Notably,in addition to the effect of horizontal dispersal along the river,the vertical exchange between planktonic and sedimentary bacterial communities significantly contributed to the formation of local communities.These findings suggest that both vertical exchange and horizontal dispersal should be considered when assessing the role of stochastic dispersal in shaping local community structure in microbial communities.展开更多
Home gardens serve as a crucial adaptation strategy for tribal communities in Keonjhar district,Odisha,enhancing food security,income generation,and climate resilience.This study examines the role of home gardens in s...Home gardens serve as a crucial adaptation strategy for tribal communities in Keonjhar district,Odisha,enhancing food security,income generation,and climate resilience.This study examines the role of home gardens in sustaining tribal livelihoods while addressing challenges such as climate variability,soil degradation,and market constraints.Adopting a mixed-methods approach,it integrates the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework(SLF)and socio-ecological resilience theory.Data from 120 tribal households across four villages in Banspal block were collected through structured interviews and focus group discussions.A key innovation lies in integrating indigenous knowledge systems with the Problem Facing Index(PFI)methodology to generate quantified,community-driven insights on climate adaptation barriers.Findings reveal that home gardens contribute around ₹10,000 per season to household income,reducing market dependency by over 70% during crises such as the COVID-19 lockdown.Over 75% of households face high to medium challenges due to climate variability(PFI=252),soil degradation(PFI=251),and wildlife intrusions(PFI=250).Other notable constraints include pests(75%)and poor market access(61.7%).Although 82.5% reported no issue with agricultural inputs,water scarcity remains a seasonal concern for 23%.Despite constraints,home gardens were found to enhance all five SLF capitals:natural,human,social,financial,and physical.The study recommends contextsensitive interventions,including seed distribution,organic inputs,weather-based advisories,and strengthened institutional support.It highlights the potential for scaling home garden models across other marginalized agroecological regions in India and Asia,aligning them with national rural development and climate adaptation programs.展开更多
The authors regret that an error occurred during the preparation of their article:One of the official databases,which was used for functional trait collections,contained an incorrect term–'chametophytes'–for...The authors regret that an error occurred during the preparation of their article:One of the official databases,which was used for functional trait collections,contained an incorrect term–'chametophytes'–for the life form category'chamaephytes'.Unfortunately,this incorrect term was used throughout the article following the nomenclature of this official database:in one instance in the main text,in Fig.3 and its caption,in Fig.5,and in two instances in the supplementary material.展开更多
Evacuation strategies play a crucial role in mitigating human casualties from geohazards.While evacuation simulations have been widely used to investigate crowd behavior in response to disasters such as fires and eart...Evacuation strategies play a crucial role in mitigating human casualties from geohazards.While evacuation simulations have been widely used to investigate crowd behavior in response to disasters such as fires and earthquakes,their application to investigating crowd behavior in response to geohazards in mountainous areas has been limited.In this study,a framework was developed for simulating and optimizing evacuation strategies in response to geohazards in mountainous areas that considers the behavioral characteristics of residents.First,a simulation scenario is constructed by analyzing satellite imagery of the region of interest to identify and classify various geographic features.Characteristic parameters are then embedded into a hybrid algorithm that combines the ant colony system algorithm with a social force model to simulate realistic evacuation scenarios that reflect crowd behavior during emergencies.Based on the results of numerical simulations,the existing configuration of shelter locations are optimized to address the chaos and congestion resulting from crowd behavior.As a case study,the proposed framework was applied to constructing geohazard scenarios for a community in the Longmen Mountains area of China and conducting numerical simulations to optimize the evacuation strategy.The results show that the optimized strategies helped facilitate the safe evacuation of residents.The proposed framework represents a multidisciplinary approach to developing evacuation strategies in response to geohazards in mountainous areas while considering crowd behavior.This research has practical implications for guiding public evacuations in mountain communities under the backdrop of geohazards and provides innovative solutions for crowd evacuations in similar scenarios.展开更多
The environmental and economic difficulties arising from climate change affect developing world rural populations with increasing intensity.However,the traditional knowledge serves as a major means for understanding c...The environmental and economic difficulties arising from climate change affect developing world rural populations with increasing intensity.However,the traditional knowledge serves as a major means for understanding climate change adaptation processes in Kogi State’s rural populace while contributing to policy frameworks and climate messaging strategies.Correspondingly,this study examines how traditional knowledge supports rural communities during climate change adaptation and it examines the performance of communication methods for weaving indigenous understanding into adaptation procedures.The study was anchored on the Indigenous Knowledge Systems(IKS)Theory according to which the knowledge of indigenous people is considered to be valid and culturally grounded and sustainable instrument of environmental adaptation.It employed surveys by obtaining data from 246 participants in nine(three each from the senatorial districts)rural communities of Kogi State.The analysis focused on 246 responses collected during this research.The finding showed that local weather predictions systems,agricultural traditions,as well as traditional soil preservation methods,are popular and applied by the rural population with high confidence rates to overcome changes in climate.These are community practices,and are still part of the local adaptation strategies.It is also revealed in the study that conventional forms of communication-storytelling,use of indigenous languages,and incorporation of traditional leaders are moderately useful in persuasion of climate adaptation,although there is little reparation of government when it comes to development of communication tactics.The respondents confirmed that it is important to combine the traditional knowledge with suitable formal policy.The study concludes that to become effective and culturally responsive,climate policies and related communication strategies should include participatory approaches of traditional knowledge systems.Its outcomes can be used significantly by policymakers,development practitioners,and climate communication professionals to establish resilient and inclusive adaptation channels in Nigeria and other related settings.展开更多
Climate change and human activities have led to desertification and decreased land productivity,significantly affecting human livelihoods in desert regions.Identifying suitable areas for cultivating economic and nativ...Climate change and human activities have led to desertification and decreased land productivity,significantly affecting human livelihoods in desert regions.Identifying suitable areas for cultivating economic and native plants based on ecological capacity,biological restoration,and risk management can be valuable tools for combating desertification.In this study,we identified suitable areas for the growth of economic and medicinal Moringa peregrina trees in desert regions of Sistan and Baluchestan Province,southern Iran,using library research and field methods.We also assessed the economic involvement of local communities in areas under different topographic conditions(namely flat area,undulating area,rolling area,moderately sloping area,and steep area)in the study area.Financial indicators such as the net present value(NPV),benefit-cost ratio(BCR),internal rate of return(IRR),and return on investment(ROI)were calculated for areas under various topographic conditions in the study area.The rolling area with results of NPV(6142.75 USD),IRR(103.38),BCR(5.38),and ROI(in the 3rd year)was the best region for investing and cultivating M.peregrina.The minimum economic level varied from 0.80 hm2 in the flat area to 21.60 hm2 in the steep area.Also,approximately 5,314,629.51 hm2 of desert lands in the study area were deemed suitable for M.peregrina cultivation,benefiting around 1,743,246 households in the study area.Cultivating M.peregrina in southern Iran can positively affect local communities and help preserve land from erosion.Our study will provide theoretical support for planting native species in other degraded desert regions to enhance ecosystem services and the well-being of indigenous populations.展开更多
Numerous studies have examined the impact ofwater quality degradation on bacterial community structure,yet insights into its effects on the bacterial ecological networks remain scarce.In this study,we investigated the...Numerous studies have examined the impact ofwater quality degradation on bacterial community structure,yet insights into its effects on the bacterial ecological networks remain scarce.In this study,we investigated the diversity,composition,assembly patterns,ecological networks,and environmental determinants of bacterial communities across 20 ponds to understand the impact of water quality degradation.Our findings revealed that water quality degradation significantly reduces the α-diversity of bacterial communities in water samples,while sediment samples remain unaffected.Additionally,water quality deterioration increases the complexity of bacterial networks in water samples but reduces it in sediment samples.These shifts in bacterial communities were primarily governed by deterministic processes,with heterogeneous selection being particularly influential.Through redundancy analysis(RDA),multiple regression on matrices(MRM),and Mantel tests,we identified dissolved oxygen(DO),ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),and C/N ratio as key factors affecting the composition and network complexity of bacterial communities in both water and sediment.Overall,this study contributes a novel perspective on the effect ofwater quality deterioration on microbial ecosystems and provides valuable insights for improving ecological evaluations and biomonitoring practices related to water quality management.展开更多
We examine possible funding sources for constructing Climate Change Haven Communities on a global basis. Areas of the planet that have the potential to house persons migrating to “safe havens” in their own or other ...We examine possible funding sources for constructing Climate Change Haven Communities on a global basis. Areas of the planet that have the potential to house persons migrating to “safe havens” in their own or other countries will require the rapid construction of communities capable of supporting them, their families, businesses and farms. However, different political-economic conditions are found across the areas which can serve as locations for these Climate Change Haven Communities. We develop funding and construction strategies for the United States (free-market capitalism), France and Spain (European Union supported economies), and Taiwan region (state-directed economy). The proposals for the Taiwan region should also be applicable to the rest of China.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to study the planning and design of campus plant communities from the perspective of vegetation carbon sink capacity.During the research period,based on literature review and material inve...The purpose of this paper is to study the planning and design of campus plant communities from the perspective of vegetation carbon sink capacity.During the research period,based on literature review and material investigation,the quantitative calculation of the carbon sink capacity of the vegetation of the campus of the case study university was carried out using the i-Tree model,and the shortcomings of the carbon sink level of the campus vegetation community were pointed out based on the calculation results.Subsequently,with the goal of improving the carbon sink capacity,the park is oriented to the planning and design of vegetation communities,and the feasibility of the program is demonstrated with the support of the data on the level of carbon sink capacity after the implementation of the program.It is hoped that this paper can provide technical reference for the managers of universities and urban landscape departments in China,and actively promote the optimization of vegetation communities,enhance the carbon sink capacity,and promote the full implementation of the goal of sustainable development.展开更多
Arsenic(As)methylation in soils affects the environmental behavior of As,excessive accumulation of dimethylarsenate(DMA)in rice plants leads to straighthead disease and a serious drop in crop yield.Understanding the m...Arsenic(As)methylation in soils affects the environmental behavior of As,excessive accumulation of dimethylarsenate(DMA)in rice plants leads to straighthead disease and a serious drop in crop yield.Understanding the mobility and transformation of methylated arsenic in redox-changing paddy fields is crucial for food security.Here,soils including unarsenic contaminated(N-As),low-arsenic(L-As),medium-arsenic(M-As),and high-arsenic(H-As)soils were incubated under continuous anoxic,continuous oxic,and consecutive anoxic/oxic treatments respectively,to profile arsenic methylating process and microbial species involved in the As cycle.Under anoxic-oxic(A-O)treatment,methylated arsenic was significantly increased once oxygen was introduced into the incubation system.The methylated arsenic concentrations were up to 2-24 times higher than those in anoxic(A),oxic(O),and oxic-anoxic(O-A)treatments,under which arsenic was methylated slightly and then decreased in all four As concentration soils.In fact,the most plentiful arsenite S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase genes(arsM)contributed to the increase in As methylation.Proteobacteria(40.8%-62.4%),Firmicutes(3.5%-15.7%),and Desulfobacterota(5.3%-13.3%)were the major microorganisms related to this process.These microbial increasedmarkedly and played more important roles after oxygen was introduced,indicating that they were potential keystone microbial groups for As methylation in the alternating anoxic(flooding)and oxic(drainage)environment.The novel findings provided newinsights into the reoxidation-driven arsenic methylation processes and the model could be used for further risk estimation in periodically flooded paddy fields.展开更多
The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of plant species diversity and functional composition (the identity of the plant functional groups) on ecosystem stability of Stipa, communities in the Inner M...The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of plant species diversity and functional composition (the identity of the plant functional groups) on ecosystem stability of Stipa, communities in the Inner Mongolia Plateau. The research work was based on a 12-year study (from 1984 to 1995) of species abundance, diversity, and primary productivity of four Stipa communities, i.e. S. baicalensis Roshev., S. grandis P. Smirn., S, krylovii Roshev., and S. klemenzii Roshev. respectively. The Shnnon-Wiener index was used as a measurement of plant diversity, while functional composition was used to differentiate the functional groups that were included in the communities. The plant species of four Stipa communities were classified into functional groups based on the differences in life forms and ecological groups, which influence their performance in resource requirements, seasonality of growth, tolerance to water stress, and life history. Plant species were classified into five functional groups based on their differences in life form, shrubs and half shrubs, perennial bunch grasses, perennial rhizome grasses, forbs, annuals and biennials. Based on their differences in water requirement these species were classified into four functional groups: xerads, intermediate xerads, intermediate mesophytes, and mesophytes. The results showed: 1) Plant species diversity stabilized ecosystem processes. Shannon-Wiener index were 2.401 4, 2.172 0, 1.624 8, 0.354 3 from S. baicalensis community to S. grandis, S. krylovii and S. klemenzii community, respectively. The dynamics of the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) for a 12-year's period showed a reverse pattern, the coefficients of variation of the four communities were 21.94%, 20.63%, 29.21% and 39.72% respectively. 2) The Life form functional group component of diversity was a greater determinant of the ecosystem processes than the species component of diversity. The effects of perennial bunch grasses, perennial rhizome grasses and forbs on community stability were highly significant. 3) The ecological group component of diversity was also a great determinant of the ecosystem processes. The effects of xerads, intermediate xerads, and mesophytes on community stability were also very strong.展开更多
Types and structure of plant communities in the Yellow River Delta were investigated by using detrended canonical correspondence analyses （DCCAs） and a two-way indicator species analysis （TWINSPAN）. The distributi...Types and structure of plant communities in the Yellow River Delta were investigated by using detrended canonical correspondence analyses （DCCAs） and a two-way indicator species analysis （TWINSPAN）. The distribution pattern and influential factors of the plant communities were also analyzed by testing elevation, slope, soil characteristics, longitude and latitude of 134 vegetation samples collected by representative plot sampling methods. Results showed that all the 134 vegetation samples could be divided into seven vegetation groups, separately dominated by Robinia pseucdoacacia, Imperata cylindrical, Miscanthus saccharifleus, Suaeda salsa, Aeluropus sinensis, Phragmites australis and Tamarix chinensis. The vegetation distribution pattern was mainly related to elevation, ground water depth and soil characteristics such as salinity and soluble potassium. Among the factors affecting distribution pattern of the plant communities, the species matrix explained by non-spatial environmental variation accounts for 45.2% of total variation. Spatial variation and spatial-structured environmental variation explain 11.8%, and 2.2%, respectively. Remained 40.8% of undetermined variation is attributed to biological and stochastic factors.展开更多
Using research approaches such as questionnaire investigation, interview, and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PAR), the relationship between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and peripheral communities was studied. The...Using research approaches such as questionnaire investigation, interview, and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PAR), the relationship between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and peripheral communities was studied. The results showed that there are lots of conflicts between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and peripheral communities. On the one hand, conservation of natural environment brings inconvenience to the development of peripheral communities, such as limiting the use of resources, constraining space of development, resulting in economic losses, reducing tourist income, and low compensation. On the other hand, peripheral communities' development threats conservation of the natural environment, for instance, illegal deforestation, illegal mining, over-harvesting, over-grazing and non-ecotourism. Therefore, effective suggestions were given as "scientific planning of functional areas, enhancing economic compensation, devoting more in ecotourism development, and realizing the cooperation of communities".展开更多
The effects of slope aspects on soil biogeochemical properties and plant communities in forested environments have been studied extensively; however, slope aspect influence on soil microbial communities remains largel...The effects of slope aspects on soil biogeochemical properties and plant communities in forested environments have been studied extensively; however, slope aspect influence on soil microbial communities remains largely unexamined, despite the central role of soil biota in ecosystem functioning. In this study, the communities of both soil bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） were investigated using tagged pyrosequencing for three types of slope aspects （south-facing aspect, north-facing aspect and flat area） in a boreal forest of the Greater Khingan Mountains, China. The bacterial and AMF community composition differed with slope aspects. Bacterial diversity was the lowest on the north-facing aspect, and AMF diversity was the lowest on the flat area. Aspects also had a significant impact on soil pH and available phosphorus （P） and shrubby biomass. Soil pH and understory shrub biomass were significantly correlated with bacterial communities, and soil available P and shrub biomass showed significant correlations with AMF communities. Our results suggested that slope aspects affected bacterial and AMF communities, mediated by aspect-induced changes in plant community and soil chemical properties （e.g., pH and available P）, which improved the knowledge on the effects of forest slope aspects on aboveground and belowground communities.展开更多
Crude oil pollution is a significant global environmental challenge.The eastern Gansu Province on the Loess Plateau,an important agricultural region containing the Changqing Oilfield,is facing increasing crude oil con...Crude oil pollution is a significant global environmental challenge.The eastern Gansu Province on the Loess Plateau,an important agricultural region containing the Changqing Oilfield,is facing increasing crude oil contamination.Understanding how microbial communities respond to varying pollution levels is critical for developing effective bioremediation strategies.This study examined how different concentrations of crude oil affect soil properties and microbial communities in Qingyang City,eastern Gansu Province,China by comparing lightly polluted(1895.84-2696.54 mg/kg total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH)),heavily polluted(4964.25-7153.61 mg/kg TPH),and uncontaminated(CK)soils.Results revealed that petroleum contamination significantly increased total organic carbon(TOC),pH,C:N:P ratio,and the activities of dehydrogenase(DHA)and polyphenol oxidase(PPO),while reducing total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),soil organic matter(SOM),soil water content(SWC),the activities of urease(URE)and alkaline phosphatase(APA),and microbial alpha diversity(P<0.050).Light pollution(LP)soils demonstrated an increase in culturable microorganisms,whereas heavy pollution(HP)soils exhibited increased hydrocarbon-degrading microbes and higher expression of key functional genes,such as alkane monooxygenase(AlkB),cytochrome P450 alkane hydroxylases(P450),catechol 2,3-dioxygenase(C23O),and naphthalene dioxygenase(Nah)(P<0.050).Non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)and redundancy analysis(RDA)indicated evident variations in microbial community structure across different oil contamination levels.LP soils were dominated by bacterial genera Pseudoxanthomonas and Solimonadaceae,whereas Pseudomonas,Nocardioides,and hydrocarbon-degrading genera(Marinobacter,Idiomarina,and Halomonas)were predominant in HP soils.The fungal genus Pseudallescheria exhibited the most pronounced abundance shift between LP and HP soils(P<0.050).Environmental factor analysis identified AN,SWC,TN,SOM,and alpha diversity indices(Shannon index and Chao1 index)as the key differentiators of CK soils,whereas the pollutant levels and metal content were characterized in HP soils.Hydrocarbon-degrading microbial abundance was a defining trait of HP soils.Metabolic pathway analysis revealed enhanced aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in HP soils,indicating microbial adaptation to severe contamination.These findings demonstrated that crude oil pollution suppressed soil nutrients while reshaping the structure and function of microbial communities.Pollution intensity directly affected microbial composition and degradation potential.This study offers valuable insights into microbial responses across contamination gradients and supports the development of targeted bioremediation strategies for oil-contaminated loess soils.展开更多
The taxonomic composition and function of endophytic microbial communities in plants are strongly influenced by environmental changes. The impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization on the diversity of microbial communities...The taxonomic composition and function of endophytic microbial communities in plants are strongly influenced by environmental changes. The impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization on the diversity of microbial communities in the underground parts of plants that are tolerant of barren environments throughout their growth period remains largely unexplored. Here, by high-throughput sequencing technology, an experiment was performed at the Pailou Experimental Station of Nanjing Agricultural University, where the soil is a yellow-brown soil, to analyze fluctuations in the microbial communities of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) underground parts in two treatments, application of N, P, and K fertilizers (NPK) and application of only P and K fertilizers (PK), from March 2018 to January 2019. Total, nitrate, and ammonium N contents of soil and Jerusalem artichoke were significantly decreased in the PK treatment. The bacterial community, particularly Acinetobacter, dominated throughout the growth period, peaking in November and accounting for 88.9% and 87.3%, respectively, in the NPK and PK treatments. The absence of N fertilizer (i.e., NP treatment) had minimal effect on the bacterial community composition compared to the fungal community composition. The α-diversity of bacteria in tubers was not substantial, while that in roots was dramatically reduced in July and September in the NP treatment. Notably, the α-diversity of fungal species exhibited more pronounced seasonal variations than that of bacteria under both fertilizer conditions. The lack of N fertilizer lessened the complexity of bacterial network structure and reduced bacterial community similarity (β-diversity) in different months. Interestingly, the β-diversity and network structure of fungal community in the underground tissues of Jerusalem artichoke showed less sensitivity to N fertilizer compared to those of bacterial community. This study improves the understanding of the dynamic response of endophytic microorganisms to N fertilizer application in the underground parts of Jerusalem artichoke tolerant to barren environments.展开更多
Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment.In this study,we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community,which is influenced b...Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment.In this study,we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community,which is influenced by environmental factors of sediments and bottom water layer.We sampled a total of 12,11,10,and 11 stations in the Shengsi Archipelago during June 2010,August 2010,November 2020,and April 2021 respectively.A total of 124 species of macrobenthos were identified,with polychaetes being the dominant group.The abundance,biomass,and diversity indices exhibited no significant temporal differences.Similarly,biodiversity did not exhibit a clear spatial gradient,likely due to the small study area and the absence of significant differences in key factors such as depth.However,the stations with the lowest biodiversity values consistently appeared in the southwest region,possibly due to the impact of human activities.Significant differences in the macrobenthic community were observed between all months except between June and August,and mollusk Endopleura lubrica and polychaete Sigambra hanaokai were important contributors to these differences according to the results of the Similarity Percentages analysis.Suspended particulate matter(SPM)was identified as the primary driving factors of macrobenthic variability.In summary,the community structure underwent temporal changes influenced by complex current patterns,while biodiversity remained relatively stable.This study contributes to our understanding of the key environmental factors affecting macrobenthic communities and biodiversity.It also provides valuable data support for the long-term monitoring of macrobenthos and the environment in the Shengsi Archipelago.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFE0208100,No.2021YFC3000201Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,No.232300420165。
文摘The Qinba Mountains are climatically and ecologically recognized as the north-south transitional zone of China.Analysis of its phenology is critical for comprehending the response of vegetation to climatic change.We retrieved the start of spring phenology(SOS)of eight forest communities from the MODIS products and adopted it as an indicator for spring phenology.Trend analysis,partial correlation analysis,and GeoDetector were employed to reveal the spatio-temporal patterns and climatic drivers of SOS.The results indicated that the SOS presented an advance trend from 2001 to 2020,with a mean rate of−0.473 d yr^(−1).The SOS of most forests correlated negatively with air temperature(TEMP)and positively with precipitation(PRE),suggesting that rising TEMP and increasing PRE in spring would forward and delay SOS,respectively.The dominant factors influencing the sensitivity of SOS to climatic variables were altitude,forest type,and latitude,while the effects of slope and aspect were relatively minor.The response of SOS to climatic factors varied significantly in space and among forest communities,partly due to the influence of altitude,slope,and aspect.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2807500)Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ202203201)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42206147,42120104006 and 42176111)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2022QD046,ZR2021QD051).
文摘Ulva prolifera green tides are becoming aworldwide environmental problem,especially in the Yellow Sea,China.However,the effects of the occurrence of U.prolifera green tides on the community organization and stability of surrounding microbiomes have still not been de-termined.Here,the prokaryotic microbial community network stability and assembly char-acteristics were systematically analyzed and compared between the green tide and non-green tide periods.U.prolifera blooms weaken the community complexity and robustness of surrounding microbiomes,increasing fragmentation and decreasing diversity.Bacteria and archaea exhibited distinct community distributions and assembly patterns under the influ-ence of green tides,and bacterial communities were more sensitive to outbreaks of green tides.The bacterial communities exhibited a greater niche breadth and a lower phyloge-netic distance during the occurrence of U.prolifera green tides compared to those during the non-green tide period while archaeal communities remained unchanged,suggesting that the bacterial communities underwent stronger homogeneous selection and more sensitive to green tide blooms than the archaeal communities.Piecewise structural equation model analysis revealed that the different responses of major prokaryotic microbial groups,such as Cyanobacteria,to environmental variables during green tides,were influenced by the variations in pH and nitrate during green tides and correlated with the salinity gradient during the non-green tide period.This study elucidates the response of the adaptability,associations,and stability of surrounding microbiomes to outbreaks of U.prolifera green tides.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Programs of Department of Natural Resources of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2020006)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LGF22D030001)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2021C04020)。
文摘Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil can lead to food chain accumulation and greatly impacts on human health.Bioremediation has gained more and more attention due to its environment-friendly,high efficiency and low-cost.In this work,we studied the impact of phosphate solubilizing bacterial agent(PSBA)on Cd bioavailability,microbial communities in soil and Cd accumulation in lettuce plants with pot experiment and field trial.Results of pot experiment showed that PSBA could decrease the bioavailability of Cd(Cd-acid extractable from 3.30 to 2.34mg/kg,Cd-reducible from 1.94 to 1.56 mg/kg),promote lettuce plants growth(increased by 33.85%height and by 33.65%fresh weight)and reduce the accumulation of Cd(from 5.85 to 3.73 mg/kg)in lettuce plants.High-throughput sequencing identified that PSBA could change the composition and structure of the soil microbial communities.The relative abundances of the three ecologically beneficial bacterial families of Pseudomonadaceae,Burkholderiaceae,and Enterobacteriaceae increased from 2.29%to 5.13%,0.56%to 5.24%,and 1.87%to 16.93%,respectively.And the former two were positively correlated with redox potential(Eh)(R^(2)=0.474,p<0.05,R^(2)=0.590,p<0.01,respectively).The bacterial networks were more complex in PSBA treatment,reflecting through more links(from 1893 to 2185)and a higher average degree(from 38.242 to 45.052)and density(from 0.390 to 0.469).Results of field trial demonstrated that PSBA could also decrease Cd content in lettuce plants and microbial composition in soil.This study indicated that PSBA could be served as an alternative material in bioremediation of Cd contamination in soil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32471608)the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology,CAS(No.kf2020002)Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health.
文摘Elucidating the mechanisms underlying community assembly remains a central question in community ecology,especially in aquatic ecosystems disrupted by human activities.Understanding the causes and consequences of community responses to changing environment is essential for revealing the ecological effects of anthropogenic disturbances and proposing practical strategies for ecological restoration.While stochastic dispersal and species sorting are known to influence local biological communities,most studies have focused on horizontal dispersal,often neglecting the vertical exchange of organisms between planktonic and sedimentary communities when studying stochastic dispersal.We used a highly disturbed urban river in Beijing as a model system to investigate the relative roles of stochastic dispersal versus species sorting driven by local pollution,as well as two components of stochastic dispersal,vertical exchange and horizontal dispersal,in structuring local bacterial communities.Our integrated analyses of planktonic and sedimentary bacterial communities revealed that,despite different spatial patterns along the river,both types of bacterial communities were primarily shaped by stochastic dispersal processes rather than species sorting influenced by the environmental gradient.Notably,in addition to the effect of horizontal dispersal along the river,the vertical exchange between planktonic and sedimentary bacterial communities significantly contributed to the formation of local communities.These findings suggest that both vertical exchange and horizontal dispersal should be considered when assessing the role of stochastic dispersal in shaping local community structure in microbial communities.
文摘Home gardens serve as a crucial adaptation strategy for tribal communities in Keonjhar district,Odisha,enhancing food security,income generation,and climate resilience.This study examines the role of home gardens in sustaining tribal livelihoods while addressing challenges such as climate variability,soil degradation,and market constraints.Adopting a mixed-methods approach,it integrates the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework(SLF)and socio-ecological resilience theory.Data from 120 tribal households across four villages in Banspal block were collected through structured interviews and focus group discussions.A key innovation lies in integrating indigenous knowledge systems with the Problem Facing Index(PFI)methodology to generate quantified,community-driven insights on climate adaptation barriers.Findings reveal that home gardens contribute around ₹10,000 per season to household income,reducing market dependency by over 70% during crises such as the COVID-19 lockdown.Over 75% of households face high to medium challenges due to climate variability(PFI=252),soil degradation(PFI=251),and wildlife intrusions(PFI=250).Other notable constraints include pests(75%)and poor market access(61.7%).Although 82.5% reported no issue with agricultural inputs,water scarcity remains a seasonal concern for 23%.Despite constraints,home gardens were found to enhance all five SLF capitals:natural,human,social,financial,and physical.The study recommends contextsensitive interventions,including seed distribution,organic inputs,weather-based advisories,and strengthened institutional support.It highlights the potential for scaling home garden models across other marginalized agroecological regions in India and Asia,aligning them with national rural development and climate adaptation programs.
文摘The authors regret that an error occurred during the preparation of their article:One of the official databases,which was used for functional trait collections,contained an incorrect term–'chametophytes'–for the life form category'chamaephytes'.Unfortunately,this incorrect term was used throughout the article following the nomenclature of this official database:in one instance in the main text,in Fig.3 and its caption,in Fig.5,and in two instances in the supplementary material.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42471225)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2022JDJQ0015)。
文摘Evacuation strategies play a crucial role in mitigating human casualties from geohazards.While evacuation simulations have been widely used to investigate crowd behavior in response to disasters such as fires and earthquakes,their application to investigating crowd behavior in response to geohazards in mountainous areas has been limited.In this study,a framework was developed for simulating and optimizing evacuation strategies in response to geohazards in mountainous areas that considers the behavioral characteristics of residents.First,a simulation scenario is constructed by analyzing satellite imagery of the region of interest to identify and classify various geographic features.Characteristic parameters are then embedded into a hybrid algorithm that combines the ant colony system algorithm with a social force model to simulate realistic evacuation scenarios that reflect crowd behavior during emergencies.Based on the results of numerical simulations,the existing configuration of shelter locations are optimized to address the chaos and congestion resulting from crowd behavior.As a case study,the proposed framework was applied to constructing geohazard scenarios for a community in the Longmen Mountains area of China and conducting numerical simulations to optimize the evacuation strategy.The results show that the optimized strategies helped facilitate the safe evacuation of residents.The proposed framework represents a multidisciplinary approach to developing evacuation strategies in response to geohazards in mountainous areas while considering crowd behavior.This research has practical implications for guiding public evacuations in mountain communities under the backdrop of geohazards and provides innovative solutions for crowd evacuations in similar scenarios.
文摘The environmental and economic difficulties arising from climate change affect developing world rural populations with increasing intensity.However,the traditional knowledge serves as a major means for understanding climate change adaptation processes in Kogi State’s rural populace while contributing to policy frameworks and climate messaging strategies.Correspondingly,this study examines how traditional knowledge supports rural communities during climate change adaptation and it examines the performance of communication methods for weaving indigenous understanding into adaptation procedures.The study was anchored on the Indigenous Knowledge Systems(IKS)Theory according to which the knowledge of indigenous people is considered to be valid and culturally grounded and sustainable instrument of environmental adaptation.It employed surveys by obtaining data from 246 participants in nine(three each from the senatorial districts)rural communities of Kogi State.The analysis focused on 246 responses collected during this research.The finding showed that local weather predictions systems,agricultural traditions,as well as traditional soil preservation methods,are popular and applied by the rural population with high confidence rates to overcome changes in climate.These are community practices,and are still part of the local adaptation strategies.It is also revealed in the study that conventional forms of communication-storytelling,use of indigenous languages,and incorporation of traditional leaders are moderately useful in persuasion of climate adaptation,although there is little reparation of government when it comes to development of communication tactics.The respondents confirmed that it is important to combine the traditional knowledge with suitable formal policy.The study concludes that to become effective and culturally responsive,climate policies and related communication strategies should include participatory approaches of traditional knowledge systems.Its outcomes can be used significantly by policymakers,development practitioners,and climate communication professionals to establish resilient and inclusive adaptation channels in Nigeria and other related settings.
基金funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative(2024VCC0009).
文摘Climate change and human activities have led to desertification and decreased land productivity,significantly affecting human livelihoods in desert regions.Identifying suitable areas for cultivating economic and native plants based on ecological capacity,biological restoration,and risk management can be valuable tools for combating desertification.In this study,we identified suitable areas for the growth of economic and medicinal Moringa peregrina trees in desert regions of Sistan and Baluchestan Province,southern Iran,using library research and field methods.We also assessed the economic involvement of local communities in areas under different topographic conditions(namely flat area,undulating area,rolling area,moderately sloping area,and steep area)in the study area.Financial indicators such as the net present value(NPV),benefit-cost ratio(BCR),internal rate of return(IRR),and return on investment(ROI)were calculated for areas under various topographic conditions in the study area.The rolling area with results of NPV(6142.75 USD),IRR(103.38),BCR(5.38),and ROI(in the 3rd year)was the best region for investing and cultivating M.peregrina.The minimum economic level varied from 0.80 hm2 in the flat area to 21.60 hm2 in the steep area.Also,approximately 5,314,629.51 hm2 of desert lands in the study area were deemed suitable for M.peregrina cultivation,benefiting around 1,743,246 households in the study area.Cultivating M.peregrina in southern Iran can positively affect local communities and help preserve land from erosion.Our study will provide theoretical support for planting native species in other degraded desert regions to enhance ecosystem services and the well-being of indigenous populations.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LTGS24D010004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant(No.42307064)+2 种基金the National Students’platform for innovation and entrepreneurship training program(No.202410346054)Hangzhou“Young science and technology talent cultivation”project(No.4305F45623004)the Fundamental Research Funds for Climbing Project from Hangzhou Normal University(No.KYQD-2023-217).
文摘Numerous studies have examined the impact ofwater quality degradation on bacterial community structure,yet insights into its effects on the bacterial ecological networks remain scarce.In this study,we investigated the diversity,composition,assembly patterns,ecological networks,and environmental determinants of bacterial communities across 20 ponds to understand the impact of water quality degradation.Our findings revealed that water quality degradation significantly reduces the α-diversity of bacterial communities in water samples,while sediment samples remain unaffected.Additionally,water quality deterioration increases the complexity of bacterial networks in water samples but reduces it in sediment samples.These shifts in bacterial communities were primarily governed by deterministic processes,with heterogeneous selection being particularly influential.Through redundancy analysis(RDA),multiple regression on matrices(MRM),and Mantel tests,we identified dissolved oxygen(DO),ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),and C/N ratio as key factors affecting the composition and network complexity of bacterial communities in both water and sediment.Overall,this study contributes a novel perspective on the effect ofwater quality deterioration on microbial ecosystems and provides valuable insights for improving ecological evaluations and biomonitoring practices related to water quality management.
文摘We examine possible funding sources for constructing Climate Change Haven Communities on a global basis. Areas of the planet that have the potential to house persons migrating to “safe havens” in their own or other countries will require the rapid construction of communities capable of supporting them, their families, businesses and farms. However, different political-economic conditions are found across the areas which can serve as locations for these Climate Change Haven Communities. We develop funding and construction strategies for the United States (free-market capitalism), France and Spain (European Union supported economies), and Taiwan region (state-directed economy). The proposals for the Taiwan region should also be applicable to the rest of China.
基金Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Science and Technology Research ProjectResearch on Zero-Emission Campus Construction Based on Plant Community Optimization(Project No.KJQN202305605)。
文摘The purpose of this paper is to study the planning and design of campus plant communities from the perspective of vegetation carbon sink capacity.During the research period,based on literature review and material investigation,the quantitative calculation of the carbon sink capacity of the vegetation of the campus of the case study university was carried out using the i-Tree model,and the shortcomings of the carbon sink level of the campus vegetation community were pointed out based on the calculation results.Subsequently,with the goal of improving the carbon sink capacity,the park is oriented to the planning and design of vegetation communities,and the feasibility of the program is demonstrated with the support of the data on the level of carbon sink capacity after the implementation of the program.It is hoped that this paper can provide technical reference for the managers of universities and urban landscape departments in China,and actively promote the optimization of vegetation communities,enhance the carbon sink capacity,and promote the full implementation of the goal of sustainable development.
基金supported by the Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation of Major Basic Research Program (No.ZR2020ZD34)the Key Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42230706)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42307164)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos.2023TQ0191 and 2023M732060)the Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.SDBX2023041)and the Qingdao Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.QDBSH20230202052).
文摘Arsenic(As)methylation in soils affects the environmental behavior of As,excessive accumulation of dimethylarsenate(DMA)in rice plants leads to straighthead disease and a serious drop in crop yield.Understanding the mobility and transformation of methylated arsenic in redox-changing paddy fields is crucial for food security.Here,soils including unarsenic contaminated(N-As),low-arsenic(L-As),medium-arsenic(M-As),and high-arsenic(H-As)soils were incubated under continuous anoxic,continuous oxic,and consecutive anoxic/oxic treatments respectively,to profile arsenic methylating process and microbial species involved in the As cycle.Under anoxic-oxic(A-O)treatment,methylated arsenic was significantly increased once oxygen was introduced into the incubation system.The methylated arsenic concentrations were up to 2-24 times higher than those in anoxic(A),oxic(O),and oxic-anoxic(O-A)treatments,under which arsenic was methylated slightly and then decreased in all four As concentration soils.In fact,the most plentiful arsenite S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase genes(arsM)contributed to the increase in As methylation.Proteobacteria(40.8%-62.4%),Firmicutes(3.5%-15.7%),and Desulfobacterota(5.3%-13.3%)were the major microorganisms related to this process.These microbial increasedmarkedly and played more important roles after oxygen was introduced,indicating that they were potential keystone microbial groups for As methylation in the alternating anoxic(flooding)and oxic(drainage)environment.The novel findings provided newinsights into the reoxidation-driven arsenic methylation processes and the model could be used for further risk estimation in periodically flooded paddy fields.
文摘The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of plant species diversity and functional composition (the identity of the plant functional groups) on ecosystem stability of Stipa, communities in the Inner Mongolia Plateau. The research work was based on a 12-year study (from 1984 to 1995) of species abundance, diversity, and primary productivity of four Stipa communities, i.e. S. baicalensis Roshev., S. grandis P. Smirn., S, krylovii Roshev., and S. klemenzii Roshev. respectively. The Shnnon-Wiener index was used as a measurement of plant diversity, while functional composition was used to differentiate the functional groups that were included in the communities. The plant species of four Stipa communities were classified into functional groups based on the differences in life forms and ecological groups, which influence their performance in resource requirements, seasonality of growth, tolerance to water stress, and life history. Plant species were classified into five functional groups based on their differences in life form, shrubs and half shrubs, perennial bunch grasses, perennial rhizome grasses, forbs, annuals and biennials. Based on their differences in water requirement these species were classified into four functional groups: xerads, intermediate xerads, intermediate mesophytes, and mesophytes. The results showed: 1) Plant species diversity stabilized ecosystem processes. Shannon-Wiener index were 2.401 4, 2.172 0, 1.624 8, 0.354 3 from S. baicalensis community to S. grandis, S. krylovii and S. klemenzii community, respectively. The dynamics of the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) for a 12-year's period showed a reverse pattern, the coefficients of variation of the four communities were 21.94%, 20.63%, 29.21% and 39.72% respectively. 2) The Life form functional group component of diversity was a greater determinant of the ecosystem processes than the species component of diversity. The effects of perennial bunch grasses, perennial rhizome grasses and forbs on community stability were highly significant. 3) The ecological group component of diversity was also a great determinant of the ecosystem processes. The effects of xerads, intermediate xerads, and mesophytes on community stability were also very strong.
基金Foundation project： This study was financially supported by the Na- tional Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 40771172） and the orientation project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （No. kzcx2-yw-308）
文摘Types and structure of plant communities in the Yellow River Delta were investigated by using detrended canonical correspondence analyses （DCCAs） and a two-way indicator species analysis （TWINSPAN）. The distribution pattern and influential factors of the plant communities were also analyzed by testing elevation, slope, soil characteristics, longitude and latitude of 134 vegetation samples collected by representative plot sampling methods. Results showed that all the 134 vegetation samples could be divided into seven vegetation groups, separately dominated by Robinia pseucdoacacia, Imperata cylindrical, Miscanthus saccharifleus, Suaeda salsa, Aeluropus sinensis, Phragmites australis and Tamarix chinensis. The vegetation distribution pattern was mainly related to elevation, ground water depth and soil characteristics such as salinity and soluble potassium. Among the factors affecting distribution pattern of the plant communities, the species matrix explained by non-spatial environmental variation accounts for 45.2% of total variation. Spatial variation and spatial-structured environmental variation explain 11.8%, and 2.2%, respectively. Remained 40.8% of undetermined variation is attributed to biological and stochastic factors.
基金Supported by the Program of China Huaneng Group: Comprehensive Scientific Research on the Haba Snow Mountain in Yunnan Province~~
文摘Using research approaches such as questionnaire investigation, interview, and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PAR), the relationship between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and peripheral communities was studied. The results showed that there are lots of conflicts between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and peripheral communities. On the one hand, conservation of natural environment brings inconvenience to the development of peripheral communities, such as limiting the use of resources, constraining space of development, resulting in economic losses, reducing tourist income, and low compensation. On the other hand, peripheral communities' development threats conservation of the natural environment, for instance, illegal deforestation, illegal mining, over-harvesting, over-grazing and non-ecotourism. Therefore, effective suggestions were given as "scientific planning of functional areas, enhancing economic compensation, devoting more in ecotourism development, and realizing the cooperation of communities".
基金We thank Ms. LIU Weili, Dr. CAI Wenhua, Mr. LIU Bo, and Dr. FANG Lei from the Institute of Ap- plied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences for assis- tance in sampling and Dr. XIONG Jingbo from the Ningbo University of China for assistance in bioinfor- matic analysis. This research was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Aca- demy of Sciences （No. XDB15010101）, the National Basic Research Program （973 Program） of China （No. 2014CB954002）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 41371254）.
文摘The effects of slope aspects on soil biogeochemical properties and plant communities in forested environments have been studied extensively; however, slope aspect influence on soil microbial communities remains largely unexamined, despite the central role of soil biota in ecosystem functioning. In this study, the communities of both soil bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） were investigated using tagged pyrosequencing for three types of slope aspects （south-facing aspect, north-facing aspect and flat area） in a boreal forest of the Greater Khingan Mountains, China. The bacterial and AMF community composition differed with slope aspects. Bacterial diversity was the lowest on the north-facing aspect, and AMF diversity was the lowest on the flat area. Aspects also had a significant impact on soil pH and available phosphorus （P） and shrubby biomass. Soil pH and understory shrub biomass were significantly correlated with bacterial communities, and soil available P and shrub biomass showed significant correlations with AMF communities. Our results suggested that slope aspects affected bacterial and AMF communities, mediated by aspect-induced changes in plant community and soil chemical properties （e.g., pH and available P）, which improved the knowledge on the effects of forest slope aspects on aboveground and belowground communities.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(23JRRM0752,22JR5RA345,21JR1RM333)the Project of Science and Technology Specialist in Gansu Province(24CXGM002)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860148)the Research Fund Project for PhD of Longdong University(XYBYZK2208)the Natural Science Foundation of Longdong University(HXZK2488).
文摘Crude oil pollution is a significant global environmental challenge.The eastern Gansu Province on the Loess Plateau,an important agricultural region containing the Changqing Oilfield,is facing increasing crude oil contamination.Understanding how microbial communities respond to varying pollution levels is critical for developing effective bioremediation strategies.This study examined how different concentrations of crude oil affect soil properties and microbial communities in Qingyang City,eastern Gansu Province,China by comparing lightly polluted(1895.84-2696.54 mg/kg total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH)),heavily polluted(4964.25-7153.61 mg/kg TPH),and uncontaminated(CK)soils.Results revealed that petroleum contamination significantly increased total organic carbon(TOC),pH,C:N:P ratio,and the activities of dehydrogenase(DHA)and polyphenol oxidase(PPO),while reducing total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),soil organic matter(SOM),soil water content(SWC),the activities of urease(URE)and alkaline phosphatase(APA),and microbial alpha diversity(P<0.050).Light pollution(LP)soils demonstrated an increase in culturable microorganisms,whereas heavy pollution(HP)soils exhibited increased hydrocarbon-degrading microbes and higher expression of key functional genes,such as alkane monooxygenase(AlkB),cytochrome P450 alkane hydroxylases(P450),catechol 2,3-dioxygenase(C23O),and naphthalene dioxygenase(Nah)(P<0.050).Non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)and redundancy analysis(RDA)indicated evident variations in microbial community structure across different oil contamination levels.LP soils were dominated by bacterial genera Pseudoxanthomonas and Solimonadaceae,whereas Pseudomonas,Nocardioides,and hydrocarbon-degrading genera(Marinobacter,Idiomarina,and Halomonas)were predominant in HP soils.The fungal genus Pseudallescheria exhibited the most pronounced abundance shift between LP and HP soils(P<0.050).Environmental factor analysis identified AN,SWC,TN,SOM,and alpha diversity indices(Shannon index and Chao1 index)as the key differentiators of CK soils,whereas the pollutant levels and metal content were characterized in HP soils.Hydrocarbon-degrading microbial abundance was a defining trait of HP soils.Metabolic pathway analysis revealed enhanced aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in HP soils,indicating microbial adaptation to severe contamination.These findings demonstrated that crude oil pollution suppressed soil nutrients while reshaping the structure and function of microbial communities.Pollution intensity directly affected microbial composition and degradation potential.This study offers valuable insights into microbial responses across contamination gradients and supports the development of targeted bioremediation strategies for oil-contaminated loess soils.
基金supported by the Foreign Experts Project of China(No.G2022145002 L)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31571702)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(No.809001).
文摘The taxonomic composition and function of endophytic microbial communities in plants are strongly influenced by environmental changes. The impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization on the diversity of microbial communities in the underground parts of plants that are tolerant of barren environments throughout their growth period remains largely unexplored. Here, by high-throughput sequencing technology, an experiment was performed at the Pailou Experimental Station of Nanjing Agricultural University, where the soil is a yellow-brown soil, to analyze fluctuations in the microbial communities of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) underground parts in two treatments, application of N, P, and K fertilizers (NPK) and application of only P and K fertilizers (PK), from March 2018 to January 2019. Total, nitrate, and ammonium N contents of soil and Jerusalem artichoke were significantly decreased in the PK treatment. The bacterial community, particularly Acinetobacter, dominated throughout the growth period, peaking in November and accounting for 88.9% and 87.3%, respectively, in the NPK and PK treatments. The absence of N fertilizer (i.e., NP treatment) had minimal effect on the bacterial community composition compared to the fungal community composition. The α-diversity of bacteria in tubers was not substantial, while that in roots was dramatically reduced in July and September in the NP treatment. Notably, the α-diversity of fungal species exhibited more pronounced seasonal variations than that of bacteria under both fertilizer conditions. The lack of N fertilizer lessened the complexity of bacterial network structure and reduced bacterial community similarity (β-diversity) in different months. Interestingly, the β-diversity and network structure of fungal community in the underground tissues of Jerusalem artichoke showed less sensitivity to N fertilizer compared to those of bacterial community. This study improves the understanding of the dynamic response of endophytic microorganisms to N fertilizer application in the underground parts of Jerusalem artichoke tolerant to barren environments.
基金The Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,China under contract Nos SZ2302 and JG2209.
文摘Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment.In this study,we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community,which is influenced by environmental factors of sediments and bottom water layer.We sampled a total of 12,11,10,and 11 stations in the Shengsi Archipelago during June 2010,August 2010,November 2020,and April 2021 respectively.A total of 124 species of macrobenthos were identified,with polychaetes being the dominant group.The abundance,biomass,and diversity indices exhibited no significant temporal differences.Similarly,biodiversity did not exhibit a clear spatial gradient,likely due to the small study area and the absence of significant differences in key factors such as depth.However,the stations with the lowest biodiversity values consistently appeared in the southwest region,possibly due to the impact of human activities.Significant differences in the macrobenthic community were observed between all months except between June and August,and mollusk Endopleura lubrica and polychaete Sigambra hanaokai were important contributors to these differences according to the results of the Similarity Percentages analysis.Suspended particulate matter(SPM)was identified as the primary driving factors of macrobenthic variability.In summary,the community structure underwent temporal changes influenced by complex current patterns,while biodiversity remained relatively stable.This study contributes to our understanding of the key environmental factors affecting macrobenthic communities and biodiversity.It also provides valuable data support for the long-term monitoring of macrobenthos and the environment in the Shengsi Archipelago.
