Objectives:The phytochemical investigation of traditional herbal medicines holds significant promise for modern drug discovery,particularly in cancer therapy.This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity,apoptosis ind...Objectives:The phytochemical investigation of traditional herbal medicines holds significant promise for modern drug discovery,particularly in cancer therapy.This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity,apoptosis induction,and immune-modulatory activities of extracts from three herbal medicines with historical use in traditional medicine—Acanthopanax sessiliflorus,Phragmites communis,and Pinus densiflora,as well as their combined extract(GMAS 01/COM),on human lung cancer cells(A549)and normal cell lines,including murine macrophages(RAW 264.7)and human keratinocytes(HaCaT).Methods:Plant extracts were prepared using aqueous extraction,sonication,and rotary evaporation.The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 colorimetric methods,respectively.Antioxidant potential was evaluated via 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)scavenging and reducing power assays.Cytotoxicity was assessed using an MTT assay,while reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation was quantified using a 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)assay.Anticancer properties,including colony formation inhibition and migration suppression,were examined using colony formation and wound healing assays.The expression of apoptotic and inflammatory mediators was analysed through qPCR.Results:GMAS 01 selectively induced apoptosis in A549 cells without cytotoxic effects on RAW264.7 and HaCaT cells.Mechanistically,it elevated intracellular ROS and activated the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway,evidenced by p53 upregulation,increased Bax,and decreased Bcl-2 expression.GMAS 01 also significantly inhibited colony formation and migration in A549 cells.In RAW264.7 cells,it reduced nitric oxide(NO)production and downregulated iNOS,COX-2,IL-6,and IL-8,indicating strong immunomodulatory activity.Conclusion:GMAS 01 exhibits potent antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anticancer effects,likely mediated through ROS-induced mitochondrial apoptosis.However,mechanistic interpretations are limited by the absence of protein-level validation and pathway inhibition studies.Upcoming studies should aim to verify the underlying mechanisms and evaluate their potential for real-world application.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)or excess copper(Cu)has a great impact in terms of toxicity on living organisms as it severely affects crop growth,yield and food security;thus,warranting appropriate measures for the remediation of Cd or C...Cadmium(Cd)or excess copper(Cu)has a great impact in terms of toxicity on living organisms as it severely affects crop growth,yield and food security;thus,warranting appropriate measures for the remediation of Cd or Cu polluted soils.Phytoextraction of heavy metal(HM)using tolerant plants along with organic chelators has gained global attention,and this study provided further insights into this issue.Pot experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of different types of chelators[ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA),ethylenediamine disuccinic acid(EDDS)and citric acid(CA)]to improve the phytoextraction capacity of Ricinus communis L.for the metals Cd and Cu.Contaminated soil from a copper smelter was used in this study.A rhizon soil sampler was used to determine the metal concentrations in soil pore water.The results indicated that R.communis was an adequate candidate for chelator induced phytoextraction under the experimental conditions and that EDDS would be a good candidate chelator for the phytoextraction of Cu in soils.EDTA addition obviously improved the uptake of Cd and Cu in R.communis;however,it posed the greatest risk because the concentration of HMs in soil pore water was very high even after 40 days.Compared with EDTA and EDDS,CA had few effects on Cd or Cu uptake in R.communis.Linear relationships between the metal uptake in R.communis shoots and the maximum HM concentrations in soil pore water under HM,2.5,5,and 10 mmol·kg^(-1) treatments were typically observed.From the results of this study,it could be concluded that EDDS treatments played a promising role in increasing the uptake of Cd or Cu and reducing its phytotoxicity.EDDS application could be an effective approach for the phytoextraction of Cd or Cu from polluted soils by growing Ricinus communis L.展开更多
R5002_12, a salt tolerant line of Phragmites communis Trin., which was obtained from ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) treated callus selected under saline stress, was compared with its wild line in respect to their m...R5002_12, a salt tolerant line of Phragmites communis Trin., which was obtained from ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) treated callus selected under saline stress, was compared with its wild line in respect to their molecular biological, physiological and biochemical characterizations. Five arbitrary primers were screened which showed differences in DNA amplified polymorphism between the variant and its wild line. Some new proteins appeared in the salt tolerant plant under salt stress. Electrophoresis of peroxidase and esterase also showed some differences in isozyme expression between them. The chlorophyll content of the variant was higher than that of the original variety, whether the plants were under salt stress or not.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study on distribution of inorganic elements in kernel of Amygdalus communis L., providing reference for quality evaluation of A. communis L. species. [Method] Totally 26 species of inorganic...[Objective] The aim was to study on distribution of inorganic elements in kernel of Amygdalus communis L., providing reference for quality evaluation of A. communis L. species. [Method] Totally 26 species of inorganic elements in kernel, including Al, B, Be, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, Zn, Cd, As, Se, V, Hg, Cr and K were measured with inductively coupled plasma emission spectrum （ICP-OES） and principal components analysis （PCA）. [Result] A. communis L. of different species and in different factories showed a similar curve in content of inorganic elements; absolute contents of the elements differed significantly. In addition, the accumulated variance contribution of five principle factors achieved as high as 84.371% and the variance contribution made by the first three factors accounted for 67.546%, proving that Fe, Ti, Pb, Na, Se, Cu, Mo, K, Zn, Ni, Ca and Sr were characteristic elements. [Conclusion] The method, which is brief, rapid and accurate, can be used for determination of inorganic elements in kernel of A. communis L., providing theoretical references for further development and utilization of A. communis L.展开更多
with the development of 5G,the future wireless communication network tends to be more and more intelligent.In the face of new service de-mands of communication in the future such as super-heterogeneous network,multipl...with the development of 5G,the future wireless communication network tends to be more and more intelligent.In the face of new service de-mands of communication in the future such as super-heterogeneous network,multiple communication sce-narios,large number of antenna elements and large bandwidth,new theories and technologies of intelli-gent communication have been widely studied,among which Deep Learning(DL)is a powerful technology in artificial intelligence(AI).It can be trained to con-tinuously learn to update the optimal parameters.This paper reviews the latest research progress of DL in in-telligent communication,and emphatically introduces five scenarios including Cognitive Radio(CR),Edge Computing(EC),Channel Measurement(CM),End to end Encoder/Decoder(EED)and Visible Light Com-munication(VLC).The prospect and challenges of further research and development in the future are also discussed.展开更多
[Objective] The article studies the growth and Cu absorption of Ricinus communis L. callus under Cu stress. [Method] CuSO4.5H20 solutions with different Cu concentrations were added to callus subculture medium; callus...[Objective] The article studies the growth and Cu absorption of Ricinus communis L. callus under Cu stress. [Method] CuSO4.5H20 solutions with different Cu concentrations were added to callus subculture medium; callus was inoculated and Cu resistance index of callus was worked out. Cu content in callus was deter- mined with the method of Varian AA240FS. [Result] With the Cu concentration at 60 mg/L, the growth of callus was inhibited, its Cu resistance index was only 33.87%. With the Cu concentration at 40 mg/L, callus was faint yellow in color, and grew rapidly with its Cu resistance index at 61.29%. Such high level resistance could remain the same after six week after continuous subculture. In the 4t week of culture, Cu resistance index in treatments with Cu concentrations at 10, 20, 30, 40 mg/L was higher than that in the 3rd week, and the content of Cu in callus of the treatments was 0.33, 0.54, 1.16, 1.40 mg/g respectively. [Conclusion] Cu con- centration at 40 mg/L in culture medium can be the threshold for selecting Cu re- sistance R. communis callus.展开更多
AIM： To investigate and test a causal model derivedfrom previous meta-analytic data of health provider be-haviors and patient satisfaction.METHODS： A literature search was conducted forrelevant manuscripts that met ...AIM： To investigate and test a causal model derivedfrom previous meta-analytic data of health provider be-haviors and patient satisfaction.METHODS： A literature search was conducted forrelevant manuscripts that met the following criteria：Reported an analysis of provider-patient interaction inthe context of an oncology interview; the study hadto measure at least two of the variables of interest tothe model （provider activity, provider patient-centeredcommunication, provider facilitative communication,patient activity, patient involvement, and patient satis-faction or reduced anxiety）; and the information had tobe reported in a manner that permitted the calculationof a zero-order correlation between at least two of thevariables under consideration. Data were transformedinto correlation coefficients and compiled to producethe correlation matrix used for data analysis. The test of the causal model is a comparison of the expected correlation matrix generated using an Ordinary Least Squares method of estimation. The expected matrix iscompared to the actual matrix of zero order correlation coeffcients. A model is considered a possible ft if the level of deviation is less than expected due to random sampling error as measured by a chi-square statistic. The signifcance of the path coeffcients was tested us-ing a z test. Lastly, the Sobel test provides a test of the level of mediation provided by a variable and provides an estimate of the level of mediation for each connec-tion. Such a test is warranted in models with multiple paths.RESULTS： A test of the original model indicated a lack of ft with the summary data. The largest discrepancy in the model was between the patient satisfaction and the provider patient-centered utterances. The observed correlation was far larger than expected given a medi-ated relationship. The test of a modifed model was un-dertaken to determine possible ft. The corrected model provides a fit to within tolerance as evaluated by the test statistic, χ2 （8, average n = 342） = 10.22. Each of the path coefficients for the model reveals that each one can be considered signifcant, P 〈 0.05. The Sobel test examining the impact of the mediating variables demonstrated that patient involvement is a signifcantmediator in the model, Sobel statistic = 3.56, P 〈 0.05. Patient active was also demonstrated to be a signifcant mediator in the model, Sobel statistic = 4.21, P 〈 0.05. The statistics indicate that patient behavior mediates the relationship between provider behavior and patient satisfaction with the interaction.CONCLUSION： The results demonstrate empirical support for the importance of patient-centered care and satisfy the need for empirical casual support of provider-patient behaviors on health outcomes.展开更多
Objective:To determine the larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition activities of castor （Ricinus communis） seed extract against three potential mosquito vectors Anopheles stephensi（An. slephensi）,Culex quinquefa...Objective:To determine the larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition activities of castor （Ricinus communis） seed extract against three potential mosquito vectors Anopheles stephensi（An. slephensi）,Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx.quinquefasciatus） and Aedes albopictus（Ae.albopictus） in India.Methods:The R.communis seed extract was tested,employing WHO procedure,against fourth larval instars of the three mosquito species for 24 h and larval mortalities were recorded at various concentrations（2-64μg/mL）:the 24 h LC<sub>50</sub> values of the R.communis seed extract were determined following Probit analysis.The larval killing,antipupation and adult emergence inhibition rates of the test extract,using a single concentration of 2μLC<sub>50</sub>,were studied at different time periods（24-72 h）:the extract toxicity was tested against a fish.Oreochromis niloticus（O.niloticus）.Results:The R.communis seed extract exhibited larvicidal effects with 100%killing activities at concentrations 32-64μg/mL,and with LC<sub>50</sub> values 7.10.11.64 and 16.84μg/mL for Cx.quinquefasciatus,An.stephensi and Ae.albopictus larvae,respectively. When the larvae were treated with the extract at a single concentration of 2×LC<sub>50</sub>,significant differences were observed,compared to control groups,in rate of pupation（P【0.001） as well as in adult formation（P【0.001）.Conclusions:The present findings suggest that the R.communis seed extract provided an excellent potential for controlling An.stephensi,Cx.quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus mosquito vectors.展开更多
Commelina communis L. growing over some new copper mining wastelands at Bijiashan, Tongling City of Anhui Province, China, was found to be a copper hyperaccumulator. Its copper concentrations were 2707-6159 (4439±...Commelina communis L. growing over some new copper mining wastelands at Bijiashan, Tongling City of Anhui Province, China, was found to be a copper hyperaccumulator. Its copper concentrations were 2707-6159 (4439±2434) mg kg-1, 369-831 (731±142) mg kg-1, and 429-587 (547±57) mg kg-1, respectively, in the roots, stems, and leaves. The soils supporting the growth of the species had a copper concentration ranging from 4620 to 5020 mg kg-1 and averaging 4835±262 mg kg-1, suggesting that the species could not only grow on heavily copper-contaminated soils but also accumulate extraordinarily high concentration of copper. Thus, it shows great potential in the phytoremediation of copper-contaminated soils,the restoration of mined land, geochemical prospecting, and the study of environmental pollution changes.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the leaf extract in different solvents viz.,methanol,ethanol and water extracts of the selected plant Ricinus communis.Methods:Ager well diffusion meth...Objective:To investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the leaf extract in different solvents viz.,methanol,ethanol and water extracts of the selected plant Ricinus communis.Methods:Ager well diffusion method and agar tube dilution method were carried out to perform the antibacterial and antifungal activity of methanol,ethanol and aqueous extracts.Results:Metbanol leaf extracts were found to be more active against Gram positive bacteria(Bacillus subtilis:ATCC 6059 and Staphylococcus aureus:ATCC 6538)as well as Gram negative bacteria(Pseudomonas aeruginosa:ATCC 7221 and Klebsiella pneumoniae)than ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts.Antifungal activity of methanol and aqueous leaf extracts were also carded out against selected fungal strains as Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus.Methanolic as well as aqueous leaf extracts of Ricinus communis were effective in inhibiting the fungal growth.Conclusions:The efficient antibacterial and antifungai activity of Ricinus communis from the present investigation revealed that the methanol leaf extracts of the selected plant have significant potential to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains than ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate antibacterial activity of hot and cold ethanol and methanol leaf extracts of Ricinus communis L(R.communis)against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)(NCTC 6571)and Escherichia coli(E.coli)(ATCC 2592...Objective:To evaluate antibacterial activity of hot and cold ethanol and methanol leaf extracts of Ricinus communis L(R.communis)against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)(NCTC 6571)and Escherichia coli(E.coli)(ATCC 25922).Methods:Leaf powder of R.communis L.was extracted with hot(in Soxhlet)and cold ethanol and methanol,separately.The antibacterial activity of the extracts was determined by agar well diffusion and macro broth dilution methods.The extracts were also subjected to phytochemical analysis.Results:All the four test extracts showed inhibition on both S.aureus and E.coli.Hot and cold ethanol extracts revealed significantly(P<0.05)higher inhibition on S.aureus than methanol extracts,and the hot ethanol extract had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)values(5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL,respectively).E.coli was highly inhibited by hot extracts of both ethanol and methanol with the MIC and MBC of 40 mg/mL and 80 mg/mL,respectively.Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins,cardiac glycosides,tannins,flavonoids and terpenoids in all test extracts.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that the hot and cold methanol and ethanol extracts are potential sources for control of S.aureus and E.coli.Especially,the hot and cold extracts of ethanol are more inhibitive against 5.aureus even at lower concentration.Further study is needed to identify the specific bioactive compounds,their mode of action and their nontoxic nature in vivo condition.展开更多
Anti-complement activity guided fractionation led to the isolation of 24 compounds from Commelina communis.Bioassay showed that six compounds inhibited the classical pathway and alternative pathway with CH 50 values o...Anti-complement activity guided fractionation led to the isolation of 24 compounds from Commelina communis.Bioassay showed that six compounds inhibited the classical pathway and alternative pathway with CH 50 values of 0.12-1.44 mM and AP 50 values of 0.28-7.05 mM,respectively.Preliminary mechanism studies demonstrated that quinovic acid acted on C1q,C2,C3,C4,C5 and C9 components of the complement system,β-sitosterol interacted with C3 and C4,（＋）-catechin-3-O-β-Dgluco（2-cinnamoyl）-pyranoside,p-cresol and 6-methoxy-3-methylbenzene-1,2,4-triol blocked C1q,C2,C3,C5 and C9.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antinociceptive activity of the methanol extract of Ricinus communis leaves(MRCL).Methods:Antinociceptive activity was evaluated using acetic acid induced writhing test,formalin induced paw l...Objective:To evaluate the antinociceptive activity of the methanol extract of Ricinus communis leaves(MRCL).Methods:Antinociceptive activity was evaluated using acetic acid induced writhing test,formalin induced paw licking and tail immersion method in mice at doses of 100,125 and 130 mg/kg bw.Results:The results indicated that MRCL exhibited considerable antinociceptive activity against three classical models of pain in mice.Preliminary phytochemical analysis suggested the presence of saponin,steroids and alkaloids.Conclusions:It can be concluded that MRCL possesses antinociceptive potential that may be due to saponin,steroids and alkaloids in it.展开更多
Studies were carried out on the transesterification of the Chinese Spicehush （Lindera communis） seed （LCS） oil with methanol for the production of biodiesel. The methyl esters of LCS oil were compared with soybean...Studies were carried out on the transesterification of the Chinese Spicehush （Lindera communis） seed （LCS） oil with methanol for the production of biodiesel. The methyl esters of LCS oil were compared with soybean esters to determine biodiesel fuel performance and properties. The fatty acids content in the seed kernel oil （LKO） and coat oil （LCO） were quantified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry method （C-C-MS）. LKO contains 95.1% saturated acids （capric, lauric, myristic and palmitic） and 2.3% unsaturated acids （oleic）. LCO contains 24.6% saturated acids （palmitic and stearic） and 73.6% unsaturated acids （oleic, linoleic and palmitoleic）. The kinematic viscosity, cold filter plugging point, cloud point, flash point and cetane index were determined. The methyl esters of LKO had a higher kinematic viscosity and a lower cold filter plugging point value, so it has better performance in cold weather. The biodiesel of LCS oil has fuel properties within the limits prescribed by American （ASTM D 6751-02） standards, except for a slightly lower flash point of LKO biodiesel than that prescribed by these standards （130℃）. Thus, LKO and LCO biodiesel have great potential to be used on a large scale as fuel for diesel engines.展开更多
文摘Objectives:The phytochemical investigation of traditional herbal medicines holds significant promise for modern drug discovery,particularly in cancer therapy.This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity,apoptosis induction,and immune-modulatory activities of extracts from three herbal medicines with historical use in traditional medicine—Acanthopanax sessiliflorus,Phragmites communis,and Pinus densiflora,as well as their combined extract(GMAS 01/COM),on human lung cancer cells(A549)and normal cell lines,including murine macrophages(RAW 264.7)and human keratinocytes(HaCaT).Methods:Plant extracts were prepared using aqueous extraction,sonication,and rotary evaporation.The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 colorimetric methods,respectively.Antioxidant potential was evaluated via 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)scavenging and reducing power assays.Cytotoxicity was assessed using an MTT assay,while reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation was quantified using a 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)assay.Anticancer properties,including colony formation inhibition and migration suppression,were examined using colony formation and wound healing assays.The expression of apoptotic and inflammatory mediators was analysed through qPCR.Results:GMAS 01 selectively induced apoptosis in A549 cells without cytotoxic effects on RAW264.7 and HaCaT cells.Mechanistically,it elevated intracellular ROS and activated the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway,evidenced by p53 upregulation,increased Bax,and decreased Bcl-2 expression.GMAS 01 also significantly inhibited colony formation and migration in A549 cells.In RAW264.7 cells,it reduced nitric oxide(NO)production and downregulated iNOS,COX-2,IL-6,and IL-8,indicating strong immunomodulatory activity.Conclusion:GMAS 01 exhibits potent antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anticancer effects,likely mediated through ROS-induced mitochondrial apoptosis.However,mechanistic interpretations are limited by the absence of protein-level validation and pathway inhibition studies.Upcoming studies should aim to verify the underlying mechanisms and evaluate their potential for real-world application.
基金Supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2340219)。
文摘Cadmium(Cd)or excess copper(Cu)has a great impact in terms of toxicity on living organisms as it severely affects crop growth,yield and food security;thus,warranting appropriate measures for the remediation of Cd or Cu polluted soils.Phytoextraction of heavy metal(HM)using tolerant plants along with organic chelators has gained global attention,and this study provided further insights into this issue.Pot experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of different types of chelators[ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA),ethylenediamine disuccinic acid(EDDS)and citric acid(CA)]to improve the phytoextraction capacity of Ricinus communis L.for the metals Cd and Cu.Contaminated soil from a copper smelter was used in this study.A rhizon soil sampler was used to determine the metal concentrations in soil pore water.The results indicated that R.communis was an adequate candidate for chelator induced phytoextraction under the experimental conditions and that EDDS would be a good candidate chelator for the phytoextraction of Cu in soils.EDTA addition obviously improved the uptake of Cd and Cu in R.communis;however,it posed the greatest risk because the concentration of HMs in soil pore water was very high even after 40 days.Compared with EDTA and EDDS,CA had few effects on Cd or Cu uptake in R.communis.Linear relationships between the metal uptake in R.communis shoots and the maximum HM concentrations in soil pore water under HM,2.5,5,and 10 mmol·kg^(-1) treatments were typically observed.From the results of this study,it could be concluded that EDDS treatments played a promising role in increasing the uptake of Cd or Cu and reducing its phytotoxicity.EDDS application could be an effective approach for the phytoextraction of Cd or Cu from polluted soils by growing Ricinus communis L.
文摘R5002_12, a salt tolerant line of Phragmites communis Trin., which was obtained from ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) treated callus selected under saline stress, was compared with its wild line in respect to their molecular biological, physiological and biochemical characterizations. Five arbitrary primers were screened which showed differences in DNA amplified polymorphism between the variant and its wild line. Some new proteins appeared in the salt tolerant plant under salt stress. Electrophoresis of peroxidase and esterase also showed some differences in isozyme expression between them. The chlorophyll content of the variant was higher than that of the original variety, whether the plants were under salt stress or not.
基金Supported by the Pillar Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2012BAI27B07)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (11NZYTH02)+1 种基金Sichuan Key Technology Research and Development Program (2011SZ0233)Academic Technology for Excellent Youth Follow-up Plan in Sichuan (2011JQ0051)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study on distribution of inorganic elements in kernel of Amygdalus communis L., providing reference for quality evaluation of A. communis L. species. [Method] Totally 26 species of inorganic elements in kernel, including Al, B, Be, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, Zn, Cd, As, Se, V, Hg, Cr and K were measured with inductively coupled plasma emission spectrum （ICP-OES） and principal components analysis （PCA）. [Result] A. communis L. of different species and in different factories showed a similar curve in content of inorganic elements; absolute contents of the elements differed significantly. In addition, the accumulated variance contribution of five principle factors achieved as high as 84.371% and the variance contribution made by the first three factors accounted for 67.546%, proving that Fe, Ti, Pb, Na, Se, Cu, Mo, K, Zn, Ni, Ca and Sr were characteristic elements. [Conclusion] The method, which is brief, rapid and accurate, can be used for determination of inorganic elements in kernel of A. communis L., providing theoretical references for further development and utilization of A. communis L.
基金the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62061039Postgraduate Innovation Project of Ningxia University No.JIP20210076Key project of Ningxia Natural Science Foundation No.2020AAC02006.
文摘with the development of 5G,the future wireless communication network tends to be more and more intelligent.In the face of new service de-mands of communication in the future such as super-heterogeneous network,multiple communication sce-narios,large number of antenna elements and large bandwidth,new theories and technologies of intelli-gent communication have been widely studied,among which Deep Learning(DL)is a powerful technology in artificial intelligence(AI).It can be trained to con-tinuously learn to update the optimal parameters.This paper reviews the latest research progress of DL in in-telligent communication,and emphatically introduces five scenarios including Cognitive Radio(CR),Edge Computing(EC),Channel Measurement(CM),End to end Encoder/Decoder(EED)and Visible Light Com-munication(VLC).The prospect and challenges of further research and development in the future are also discussed.
基金Supported by General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(41371470)Key Program of Hubei Natural Science Foundation(2011CDA037)Students’Sci-Tech Innovation Program of Hubei Polytechnic University(2012cx23)~~
文摘[Objective] The article studies the growth and Cu absorption of Ricinus communis L. callus under Cu stress. [Method] CuSO4.5H20 solutions with different Cu concentrations were added to callus subculture medium; callus was inoculated and Cu resistance index of callus was worked out. Cu content in callus was deter- mined with the method of Varian AA240FS. [Result] With the Cu concentration at 60 mg/L, the growth of callus was inhibited, its Cu resistance index was only 33.87%. With the Cu concentration at 40 mg/L, callus was faint yellow in color, and grew rapidly with its Cu resistance index at 61.29%. Such high level resistance could remain the same after six week after continuous subculture. In the 4t week of culture, Cu resistance index in treatments with Cu concentrations at 10, 20, 30, 40 mg/L was higher than that in the 3rd week, and the content of Cu in callus of the treatments was 0.33, 0.54, 1.16, 1.40 mg/g respectively. [Conclusion] Cu con- centration at 40 mg/L in culture medium can be the threshold for selecting Cu re- sistance R. communis callus.
文摘AIM： To investigate and test a causal model derivedfrom previous meta-analytic data of health provider be-haviors and patient satisfaction.METHODS： A literature search was conducted forrelevant manuscripts that met the following criteria：Reported an analysis of provider-patient interaction inthe context of an oncology interview; the study hadto measure at least two of the variables of interest tothe model （provider activity, provider patient-centeredcommunication, provider facilitative communication,patient activity, patient involvement, and patient satis-faction or reduced anxiety）; and the information had tobe reported in a manner that permitted the calculationof a zero-order correlation between at least two of thevariables under consideration. Data were transformedinto correlation coefficients and compiled to producethe correlation matrix used for data analysis. The test of the causal model is a comparison of the expected correlation matrix generated using an Ordinary Least Squares method of estimation. The expected matrix iscompared to the actual matrix of zero order correlation coeffcients. A model is considered a possible ft if the level of deviation is less than expected due to random sampling error as measured by a chi-square statistic. The signifcance of the path coeffcients was tested us-ing a z test. Lastly, the Sobel test provides a test of the level of mediation provided by a variable and provides an estimate of the level of mediation for each connec-tion. Such a test is warranted in models with multiple paths.RESULTS： A test of the original model indicated a lack of ft with the summary data. The largest discrepancy in the model was between the patient satisfaction and the provider patient-centered utterances. The observed correlation was far larger than expected given a medi-ated relationship. The test of a modifed model was un-dertaken to determine possible ft. The corrected model provides a fit to within tolerance as evaluated by the test statistic, χ2 （8, average n = 342） = 10.22. Each of the path coefficients for the model reveals that each one can be considered signifcant, P 〈 0.05. The Sobel test examining the impact of the mediating variables demonstrated that patient involvement is a signifcantmediator in the model, Sobel statistic = 3.56, P 〈 0.05. Patient active was also demonstrated to be a signifcant mediator in the model, Sobel statistic = 4.21, P 〈 0.05. The statistics indicate that patient behavior mediates the relationship between provider behavior and patient satisfaction with the interaction.CONCLUSION： The results demonstrate empirical support for the importance of patient-centered care and satisfy the need for empirical casual support of provider-patient behaviors on health outcomes.
文摘Objective:To determine the larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition activities of castor （Ricinus communis） seed extract against three potential mosquito vectors Anopheles stephensi（An. slephensi）,Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx.quinquefasciatus） and Aedes albopictus（Ae.albopictus） in India.Methods:The R.communis seed extract was tested,employing WHO procedure,against fourth larval instars of the three mosquito species for 24 h and larval mortalities were recorded at various concentrations（2-64μg/mL）:the 24 h LC<sub>50</sub> values of the R.communis seed extract were determined following Probit analysis.The larval killing,antipupation and adult emergence inhibition rates of the test extract,using a single concentration of 2μLC<sub>50</sub>,were studied at different time periods（24-72 h）:the extract toxicity was tested against a fish.Oreochromis niloticus（O.niloticus）.Results:The R.communis seed extract exhibited larvicidal effects with 100%killing activities at concentrations 32-64μg/mL,and with LC<sub>50</sub> values 7.10.11.64 and 16.84μg/mL for Cx.quinquefasciatus,An.stephensi and Ae.albopictus larvae,respectively. When the larvae were treated with the extract at a single concentration of 2×LC<sub>50</sub>,significant differences were observed,compared to control groups,in rate of pupation（P【0.001） as well as in adult formation（P【0.001）.Conclusions:The present findings suggest that the R.communis seed extract provided an excellent potential for controlling An.stephensi,Cx.quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus mosquito vectors.
文摘Commelina communis L. growing over some new copper mining wastelands at Bijiashan, Tongling City of Anhui Province, China, was found to be a copper hyperaccumulator. Its copper concentrations were 2707-6159 (4439±2434) mg kg-1, 369-831 (731±142) mg kg-1, and 429-587 (547±57) mg kg-1, respectively, in the roots, stems, and leaves. The soils supporting the growth of the species had a copper concentration ranging from 4620 to 5020 mg kg-1 and averaging 4835±262 mg kg-1, suggesting that the species could not only grow on heavily copper-contaminated soils but also accumulate extraordinarily high concentration of copper. Thus, it shows great potential in the phytoremediation of copper-contaminated soils,the restoration of mined land, geochemical prospecting, and the study of environmental pollution changes.
文摘Objective:To investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the leaf extract in different solvents viz.,methanol,ethanol and water extracts of the selected plant Ricinus communis.Methods:Ager well diffusion method and agar tube dilution method were carried out to perform the antibacterial and antifungal activity of methanol,ethanol and aqueous extracts.Results:Metbanol leaf extracts were found to be more active against Gram positive bacteria(Bacillus subtilis:ATCC 6059 and Staphylococcus aureus:ATCC 6538)as well as Gram negative bacteria(Pseudomonas aeruginosa:ATCC 7221 and Klebsiella pneumoniae)than ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts.Antifungal activity of methanol and aqueous leaf extracts were also carded out against selected fungal strains as Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus.Methanolic as well as aqueous leaf extracts of Ricinus communis were effective in inhibiting the fungal growth.Conclusions:The efficient antibacterial and antifungai activity of Ricinus communis from the present investigation revealed that the methanol leaf extracts of the selected plant have significant potential to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains than ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts.
文摘Objective:To evaluate antibacterial activity of hot and cold ethanol and methanol leaf extracts of Ricinus communis L(R.communis)against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)(NCTC 6571)and Escherichia coli(E.coli)(ATCC 25922).Methods:Leaf powder of R.communis L.was extracted with hot(in Soxhlet)and cold ethanol and methanol,separately.The antibacterial activity of the extracts was determined by agar well diffusion and macro broth dilution methods.The extracts were also subjected to phytochemical analysis.Results:All the four test extracts showed inhibition on both S.aureus and E.coli.Hot and cold ethanol extracts revealed significantly(P<0.05)higher inhibition on S.aureus than methanol extracts,and the hot ethanol extract had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)values(5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL,respectively).E.coli was highly inhibited by hot extracts of both ethanol and methanol with the MIC and MBC of 40 mg/mL and 80 mg/mL,respectively.Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins,cardiac glycosides,tannins,flavonoids and terpenoids in all test extracts.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that the hot and cold methanol and ethanol extracts are potential sources for control of S.aureus and E.coli.Especially,the hot and cold extracts of ethanol are more inhibitive against 5.aureus even at lower concentration.Further study is needed to identify the specific bioactive compounds,their mode of action and their nontoxic nature in vivo condition.
基金National Natural Science Foundation for ExcellentYouth (Grant No.30925042)State Key Program for the InnovativeDrugs from the Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant No.2009ZX09502-013 and 2009ZX09301-011)
文摘Anti-complement activity guided fractionation led to the isolation of 24 compounds from Commelina communis.Bioassay showed that six compounds inhibited the classical pathway and alternative pathway with CH 50 values of 0.12-1.44 mM and AP 50 values of 0.28-7.05 mM,respectively.Preliminary mechanism studies demonstrated that quinovic acid acted on C1q,C2,C3,C4,C5 and C9 components of the complement system,β-sitosterol interacted with C3 and C4,（＋）-catechin-3-O-β-Dgluco（2-cinnamoyl）-pyranoside,p-cresol and 6-methoxy-3-methylbenzene-1,2,4-triol blocked C1q,C2,C3,C5 and C9.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antinociceptive activity of the methanol extract of Ricinus communis leaves(MRCL).Methods:Antinociceptive activity was evaluated using acetic acid induced writhing test,formalin induced paw licking and tail immersion method in mice at doses of 100,125 and 130 mg/kg bw.Results:The results indicated that MRCL exhibited considerable antinociceptive activity against three classical models of pain in mice.Preliminary phytochemical analysis suggested the presence of saponin,steroids and alkaloids.Conclusions:It can be concluded that MRCL possesses antinociceptive potential that may be due to saponin,steroids and alkaloids in it.
文摘Studies were carried out on the transesterification of the Chinese Spicehush （Lindera communis） seed （LCS） oil with methanol for the production of biodiesel. The methyl esters of LCS oil were compared with soybean esters to determine biodiesel fuel performance and properties. The fatty acids content in the seed kernel oil （LKO） and coat oil （LCO） were quantified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry method （C-C-MS）. LKO contains 95.1% saturated acids （capric, lauric, myristic and palmitic） and 2.3% unsaturated acids （oleic）. LCO contains 24.6% saturated acids （palmitic and stearic） and 73.6% unsaturated acids （oleic, linoleic and palmitoleic）. The kinematic viscosity, cold filter plugging point, cloud point, flash point and cetane index were determined. The methyl esters of LKO had a higher kinematic viscosity and a lower cold filter plugging point value, so it has better performance in cold weather. The biodiesel of LCS oil has fuel properties within the limits prescribed by American （ASTM D 6751-02） standards, except for a slightly lower flash point of LKO biodiesel than that prescribed by these standards （130℃）. Thus, LKO and LCO biodiesel have great potential to be used on a large scale as fuel for diesel engines.
