Identifying the habitat use in relation with time between 2 bird species in a wetland can help our understanding of how wintering bird species interact and coexist in the same system.The detection probabilities of Bea...Identifying the habitat use in relation with time between 2 bird species in a wetland can help our understanding of how wintering bird species interact and coexist in the same system.The detection probabilities of Bean Goose(Anser fabalis)and Common Crane(Grus grus)were investigated in Yeyahu Wetland Nature Reserve in Beijing over a whole wintering season.Moreover,how use proportion of each type of habitats varied with time for 2 bird species was explored.In the detection probability study,the method of fixed-radius point was used to observe and infer the presence of species.An occupancy model was applied to deal with the occupancy of a sampling unit,accounting for imperfect detection.In the survey for habitat use,the types of habitats that 2 bird species were occupying were investigated by a line-transect method.Then,the method of multinomial logistic regression was applied to compare the proportions that various types of habitats were used during the days after 2 bird species arrived.The parameters of the detection probability model and multinomial logistic regression equation in a Bayesian framework using Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC)simulations were estimated.The detection probability model was used to predict that Bean Goose arrived in Yeya Lake Wetlands in the middle of October and left at the end of March next year,whereas Common Crane arrived at the end of October and left in the middle of April next year,with almost 5 months coexisting in Yeya Lake Wetlands.The result of the multinomial logistic regression showed Bean Goose gradually decreased use proportion of the water but increased use proportion of grassland over time,and use proportion of farmland remained constant at the beginning but declined later.Common Crane decreased use proportions of the water and grassland but increased that of farmland over time.Common Cranes were more competitive for farmland habitat.It was implied that Bean Goose and Common Crane adjusted and segregated the use proportion of grassland and farmland during their wintering period,which might mitigate interspecific competition and allow for coexistence.It was suggested that adequate habitats of grassland and farmland were probably important requirement enabling habitat segregation and coexistence of Bean Goose and Common Crane and that the overall habitat quality of a wintering site was likely to incorporate the availability of these resources,which provided multiple fitness advantages through secured food supplies and reduced predation risk.Thus,habitats providing adequate food supplies and protection might be unsuitable wintering habitats given an improper agricultural landscape management.Finally,it was proposed that maintenance of habitat diversity and improved farming methods,such as stoping crop residue burning and delaying the time of plowing,could be incorporated in agricultural landscape management plans on habitats of Bean Goose and Common Crane.展开更多
Yeya Lake Wetlands are the largest site for wintering birds in Beijing, where common cranes(Grus grus)winters every year. The land cover of the wetlands has undergone distinct changes from 2006 to 2009 as a result of ...Yeya Lake Wetlands are the largest site for wintering birds in Beijing, where common cranes(Grus grus)winters every year. The land cover of the wetlands has undergone distinct changes from 2006 to 2009 as a result of human activities. In 2006, a survey of the presence/absence of the birds was completed using a line-transect method.A predictive model of habitat suitability was derived by using logistic regression and geographic information system.Then, this habitat suitability model was applied in 2009 under the land use change to test the effectiveness of the model and compare the habitat suitability between 2 years. The negative associations between Grus grus presence and increasing elevation, distances to grassland, to farmland, to bush, and to road suggested a preference for low lying areas in close proximity to food and cover. While the positive associations with distances to buildings and to water suggested a preference for low disturbance areas. The areas of suitable habitats increased from 2006 to 2009, and the spatial model was effective in both years. Habitat preference of Grus grus varied in land use types, therefore habitat suitability dynamics might possibly relate to land use change and thereby be predictable through a geographic information system approach. Although the obtained model had a good fit in both years, it was suspected that if frequent human activities continued, the number of Grus grus might decrease or disappear in this area. According to the field survey, the spacious water area was essential for wintering birds and the risks from loss of lake water and unfavorable crop practices might dramatically change the quality of each type of land use.展开更多
A study was aimed to overlook biological status including egg hatching, diet and diseases of common, Grus grus L. and demoiselle, Anthropoidedes virgo L. cranes in captive form in the southern districts of the Norther...A study was aimed to overlook biological status including egg hatching, diet and diseases of common, Grus grus L. and demoiselle, Anthropoidedes virgo L. cranes in captive form in the southern districts of the Northern Pakistan. Field survey, questionnaire and interview with communities were the major tools for the data collection. Total 165 and 85 camps were visited, respectively, in fall, 2008 and spring, 2009. These camps were established in Baran dam, Kurram, Kashu, Kethu and Dowa in Bannu; and Gambilla, Lunder and Chall rivers in Lakki. The numbers of 1,650 hunters have 6,600 demoiselle and 3,300 common captive cranes in Bannu and Lakki, respectively. From 920 breeding pairs, 900 eggs were obtained, from which only 640 were hatched. Among natural foods of the cranes, snails, grasshoppers and earthworms, the pebbles were the most favorite foods. The young ones of cranes were fed on maize bread, eggs of insects and other small animals like wasp＇s larvae and grasshoppers by hunters. They faced the problems of development of feathers, trapping in mud and parasitic attack during their development. The cranes suffered from many diseases; head tumor, influenza and stomach blockage were the most common in the adults and young ones. The hunters used traditional things, garlic, coriander and brown sugar with antibiotics for treatments of diseases. Migratory cranes were found to be declining viewed by hunters in southern districts of Northern Pakistan. Knowledge about egg hatching, foods and diseases of common and demoiselle captive cranes, might be assisted in their conservation.展开更多
This study was carried out to assess the biological status of two crane species, the Common Crane (Grus grus L.) and the Demoiselle Crane (Anthropoides virgo L.), with respect to the hunting pressure in two southern d...This study was carried out to assess the biological status of two crane species, the Common Crane (Grus grus L.) and the Demoiselle Crane (Anthropoides virgo L.), with respect to the hunting pressure in two southern districts of northern Pakistan, Bannu and Lakki. Field surveys, interviews and questionnaires were the major tools for data collection. We visited 165 hunting camps in the fall of 2008 and 85 in the spring of 2009 in the two districts. Of the hunters, most possessed wildlife permits for hunting and most people hunted for recreation. According to our survey, the population of two crane species is declining due to overhunting, destruction of natural habitats, anthropogenic activities and geographical factors. Suggestions for protection of the cranes are proposed.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(D2019205019)the Department of Education Foundation of Hebei Province(2018GJJG682)the Doctoral Fund of Hebei Normal University(L2018B21)。
文摘Identifying the habitat use in relation with time between 2 bird species in a wetland can help our understanding of how wintering bird species interact and coexist in the same system.The detection probabilities of Bean Goose(Anser fabalis)and Common Crane(Grus grus)were investigated in Yeyahu Wetland Nature Reserve in Beijing over a whole wintering season.Moreover,how use proportion of each type of habitats varied with time for 2 bird species was explored.In the detection probability study,the method of fixed-radius point was used to observe and infer the presence of species.An occupancy model was applied to deal with the occupancy of a sampling unit,accounting for imperfect detection.In the survey for habitat use,the types of habitats that 2 bird species were occupying were investigated by a line-transect method.Then,the method of multinomial logistic regression was applied to compare the proportions that various types of habitats were used during the days after 2 bird species arrived.The parameters of the detection probability model and multinomial logistic regression equation in a Bayesian framework using Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC)simulations were estimated.The detection probability model was used to predict that Bean Goose arrived in Yeya Lake Wetlands in the middle of October and left at the end of March next year,whereas Common Crane arrived at the end of October and left in the middle of April next year,with almost 5 months coexisting in Yeya Lake Wetlands.The result of the multinomial logistic regression showed Bean Goose gradually decreased use proportion of the water but increased use proportion of grassland over time,and use proportion of farmland remained constant at the beginning but declined later.Common Crane decreased use proportions of the water and grassland but increased that of farmland over time.Common Cranes were more competitive for farmland habitat.It was implied that Bean Goose and Common Crane adjusted and segregated the use proportion of grassland and farmland during their wintering period,which might mitigate interspecific competition and allow for coexistence.It was suggested that adequate habitats of grassland and farmland were probably important requirement enabling habitat segregation and coexistence of Bean Goose and Common Crane and that the overall habitat quality of a wintering site was likely to incorporate the availability of these resources,which provided multiple fitness advantages through secured food supplies and reduced predation risk.Thus,habitats providing adequate food supplies and protection might be unsuitable wintering habitats given an improper agricultural landscape management.Finally,it was proposed that maintenance of habitat diversity and improved farming methods,such as stoping crop residue burning and delaying the time of plowing,could be incorporated in agricultural landscape management plans on habitats of Bean Goose and Common Crane.
基金Under the auspices of the Doctoral Fund of Hebei College of Industry and Technology(BZ2018001)the Doctoral Fund of Hebei Normal University(L2018B21)+1 种基金the Project of Research on the Development of Social Sciences in Hebei(201804120401)Key Project of Beijing Municipal Commission of Science and Technology(D08040600580803)
文摘Yeya Lake Wetlands are the largest site for wintering birds in Beijing, where common cranes(Grus grus)winters every year. The land cover of the wetlands has undergone distinct changes from 2006 to 2009 as a result of human activities. In 2006, a survey of the presence/absence of the birds was completed using a line-transect method.A predictive model of habitat suitability was derived by using logistic regression and geographic information system.Then, this habitat suitability model was applied in 2009 under the land use change to test the effectiveness of the model and compare the habitat suitability between 2 years. The negative associations between Grus grus presence and increasing elevation, distances to grassland, to farmland, to bush, and to road suggested a preference for low lying areas in close proximity to food and cover. While the positive associations with distances to buildings and to water suggested a preference for low disturbance areas. The areas of suitable habitats increased from 2006 to 2009, and the spatial model was effective in both years. Habitat preference of Grus grus varied in land use types, therefore habitat suitability dynamics might possibly relate to land use change and thereby be predictable through a geographic information system approach. Although the obtained model had a good fit in both years, it was suspected that if frequent human activities continued, the number of Grus grus might decrease or disappear in this area. According to the field survey, the spacious water area was essential for wintering birds and the risks from loss of lake water and unfavorable crop practices might dramatically change the quality of each type of land use.
文摘A study was aimed to overlook biological status including egg hatching, diet and diseases of common, Grus grus L. and demoiselle, Anthropoidedes virgo L. cranes in captive form in the southern districts of the Northern Pakistan. Field survey, questionnaire and interview with communities were the major tools for the data collection. Total 165 and 85 camps were visited, respectively, in fall, 2008 and spring, 2009. These camps were established in Baran dam, Kurram, Kashu, Kethu and Dowa in Bannu; and Gambilla, Lunder and Chall rivers in Lakki. The numbers of 1,650 hunters have 6,600 demoiselle and 3,300 common captive cranes in Bannu and Lakki, respectively. From 920 breeding pairs, 900 eggs were obtained, from which only 640 were hatched. Among natural foods of the cranes, snails, grasshoppers and earthworms, the pebbles were the most favorite foods. The young ones of cranes were fed on maize bread, eggs of insects and other small animals like wasp＇s larvae and grasshoppers by hunters. They faced the problems of development of feathers, trapping in mud and parasitic attack during their development. The cranes suffered from many diseases; head tumor, influenza and stomach blockage were the most common in the adults and young ones. The hunters used traditional things, garlic, coriander and brown sugar with antibiotics for treatments of diseases. Migratory cranes were found to be declining viewed by hunters in southern districts of Northern Pakistan. Knowledge about egg hatching, foods and diseases of common and demoiselle captive cranes, might be assisted in their conservation.
文摘This study was carried out to assess the biological status of two crane species, the Common Crane (Grus grus L.) and the Demoiselle Crane (Anthropoides virgo L.), with respect to the hunting pressure in two southern districts of northern Pakistan, Bannu and Lakki. Field surveys, interviews and questionnaires were the major tools for data collection. We visited 165 hunting camps in the fall of 2008 and 85 in the spring of 2009 in the two districts. Of the hunters, most possessed wildlife permits for hunting and most people hunted for recreation. According to our survey, the population of two crane species is declining due to overhunting, destruction of natural habitats, anthropogenic activities and geographical factors. Suggestions for protection of the cranes are proposed.
