The complex relationship between humans and nature plays a key role in shaping geographic landscapes.This study examines how tourism transforms island landscapes into marketable commodities,focusing on Guanglu Island ...The complex relationship between humans and nature plays a key role in shaping geographic landscapes.This study examines how tourism transforms island landscapes into marketable commodities,focusing on Guanglu Island in China from 2002–2025 through the lens of Actor-Network Theory(ANT).The findings reveal three main insights:1)commodification involves reimagining natural landscapes,digitizing them for broader appeal,and integrating them into tourist consumption.2)This process reshapes original landscapes into four interconnected forms:material landscapes,fluid landscapes,virtual landscapes,and psychological landscapes.3)Multiple actors drive commodification:the island’s natural conditions provide foundation and influence concrete ways of commodification,local government is deeply involved through planning and regulating tourism development,tourism practitioners adapt services to market demands,and tourist preferences guide the direction of commercialization.By analyzing the roles of both human and non-human actors,this research highlights how tourism redefines island landscapes while emphasizing the active influence of nature itself in these transformations.The findings reveal the geographical attributes of landscape commodification process and the multidimensionality and complexity of its impacts,thereby providing valuable insights for the sustainable development of island tourism.展开更多
This paper aims to examine the phenomenon of commodification of traditional open space into commodities which results in the destruction of environmental ethics. Environmental ethics places restrictions on freedom in ...This paper aims to examine the phenomenon of commodification of traditional open space into commodities which results in the destruction of environmental ethics. Environmental ethics places restrictions on freedom in exercising ownership rights and pays more attention to ethical obligations to the environment. The anthropocentric approach should be avoided because it only sees the environment from its commercial angles to satisfy human interests. This research critically describes the reality of the utilization of traditional open spaces in Ubud to become an economic space. The rapid influence of global culture has implications for the practices of capitalist culture within the frame of the tourism industry, resulting in cultural industries, popular culture, hedonic lifestyles and consumerism. This study used a qualitative method. The data was obtained through observation, interviews, literature studies, and documents. The results of the study revealed how traditional open spaces were produced, distributed and consumed by the market. Traditional open spaces were commercialized, traded like goods and services. Traditional open spaces, such as paddy fields, cliffs, telajakan (front part of the house complex), city parks, domestic properties, backyards, cemeteries have been turned into economic spaces to satisfy the taste of tourists. Space is controlled and commodified by capital owners to feed their economic libido while disobeying environmental ethics.展开更多
Through this research study,by examining the issue of the commodification of plastic surgery circle girls'bodies as a whole,we discover the historical and contemporary contextual factors that have led to this prob...Through this research study,by examining the issue of the commodification of plastic surgery circle girls'bodies as a whole,we discover the historical and contemporary contextual factors that have led to this problem and the impacts it generates in our current environment.Exploring the causes and development of this issue can,to some extent,aid women in breaking free from the position of being objectified,thus mitigating appearance anxiety.It is advised that women avoid becoming overly immersed in the transformative effects of medical cosmetic procedures and work towards liberating themselves from the commodification of their bodies.展开更多
This article examines the Badeng Kenyah,a people in Sarawak’s interior who are experiencing the shift from subsistence living to a money economy.Ethnographic description and oral history are used to examine the insid...This article examines the Badeng Kenyah,a people in Sarawak’s interior who are experiencing the shift from subsistence living to a money economy.Ethnographic description and oral history are used to examine the inside factors(such as the individual search for livelihood)and outside forces(government and the market)that brought about this shift.Some philosophical reflection addresses the impact of money on individuality and social life,with inspiration drawn from the classic works of Karl Polanyi and Georg Simmel.When the myth of money becomes accepted as a norm,human self-interest naturally guides individual behavior toward commodification,a path negotiated through those moral values that a community has maintained intact and those it has redefined to suit a monetary economy.For better and for worse,commodification works vast changes on social relations and the environment.What the Badeng experienced is what all modern peoples have gone through at one point or another.By looking at what happened to these particular people,we see again the experience that has shaped us all.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42471221)Major Projects of Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of Ministry of Education(No.22JJD790031)。
文摘The complex relationship between humans and nature plays a key role in shaping geographic landscapes.This study examines how tourism transforms island landscapes into marketable commodities,focusing on Guanglu Island in China from 2002–2025 through the lens of Actor-Network Theory(ANT).The findings reveal three main insights:1)commodification involves reimagining natural landscapes,digitizing them for broader appeal,and integrating them into tourist consumption.2)This process reshapes original landscapes into four interconnected forms:material landscapes,fluid landscapes,virtual landscapes,and psychological landscapes.3)Multiple actors drive commodification:the island’s natural conditions provide foundation and influence concrete ways of commodification,local government is deeply involved through planning and regulating tourism development,tourism practitioners adapt services to market demands,and tourist preferences guide the direction of commercialization.By analyzing the roles of both human and non-human actors,this research highlights how tourism redefines island landscapes while emphasizing the active influence of nature itself in these transformations.The findings reveal the geographical attributes of landscape commodification process and the multidimensionality and complexity of its impacts,thereby providing valuable insights for the sustainable development of island tourism.
文摘This paper aims to examine the phenomenon of commodification of traditional open space into commodities which results in the destruction of environmental ethics. Environmental ethics places restrictions on freedom in exercising ownership rights and pays more attention to ethical obligations to the environment. The anthropocentric approach should be avoided because it only sees the environment from its commercial angles to satisfy human interests. This research critically describes the reality of the utilization of traditional open spaces in Ubud to become an economic space. The rapid influence of global culture has implications for the practices of capitalist culture within the frame of the tourism industry, resulting in cultural industries, popular culture, hedonic lifestyles and consumerism. This study used a qualitative method. The data was obtained through observation, interviews, literature studies, and documents. The results of the study revealed how traditional open spaces were produced, distributed and consumed by the market. Traditional open spaces were commercialized, traded like goods and services. Traditional open spaces, such as paddy fields, cliffs, telajakan (front part of the house complex), city parks, domestic properties, backyards, cemeteries have been turned into economic spaces to satisfy the taste of tourists. Space is controlled and commodified by capital owners to feed their economic libido while disobeying environmental ethics.
文摘Through this research study,by examining the issue of the commodification of plastic surgery circle girls'bodies as a whole,we discover the historical and contemporary contextual factors that have led to this problem and the impacts it generates in our current environment.Exploring the causes and development of this issue can,to some extent,aid women in breaking free from the position of being objectified,thus mitigating appearance anxiety.It is advised that women avoid becoming overly immersed in the transformative effects of medical cosmetic procedures and work towards liberating themselves from the commodification of their bodies.
文摘This article examines the Badeng Kenyah,a people in Sarawak’s interior who are experiencing the shift from subsistence living to a money economy.Ethnographic description and oral history are used to examine the inside factors(such as the individual search for livelihood)and outside forces(government and the market)that brought about this shift.Some philosophical reflection addresses the impact of money on individuality and social life,with inspiration drawn from the classic works of Karl Polanyi and Georg Simmel.When the myth of money becomes accepted as a norm,human self-interest naturally guides individual behavior toward commodification,a path negotiated through those moral values that a community has maintained intact and those it has redefined to suit a monetary economy.For better and for worse,commodification works vast changes on social relations and the environment.What the Badeng experienced is what all modern peoples have gone through at one point or another.By looking at what happened to these particular people,we see again the experience that has shaped us all.
