Objective:To study the antioxidant efficacy of Commiphora mukul(C.mukul) gum resin ethanolic extract in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats.Methods:The male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four gro...Objective:To study the antioxidant efficacy of Commiphora mukul(C.mukul) gum resin ethanolic extract in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats.Methods:The male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight animals each:Control group(C),CM-treated control group(C_+CMEE),Diabetic control group(D),CM- treated diabetic group(D_+CMEE).Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ(55 mg/kg/ bwt).After being confirmed the diabetic rats were treated with C.mukul gum resin ethanolic extract(CMEE) for 60 days.The biochemical estimations like antioxidant,oxidative stress marker enzymes and hepatic marker enzymes of tissues were performed.Results:The diabetic rats showed increased level of enzymatic activities aspartate aminotransaminase(AST),alanine aminotransaminase(ALT) in liver and kidney and oxidative markers like lipid peroxidation(LPO) and protein oxidation(PO) in pancreas and heart. Antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly decreased in the pancreas and heart compared to control group.Administration of CMEE(200 mg/kg bw) to diabetic rats for 60 days significantly reversed the above parameters towards normalcy.Conclusions:In conclusion,our data indicate the preventive role of C.mukul against STZ-induced diabetic oxidative stress;hence this plant could be used as an adjuvant therapy for the prevention and/or management of diabetes and aggravated antioxidant status.展开更多
The plants are the primary producers and an indispensible source of food and nutrition, medicine and fuel/biofuel. Unsustainable overharvesting and indiscriminate felling of plants due to ever increasing needs of popu...The plants are the primary producers and an indispensible source of food and nutrition, medicine and fuel/biofuel. Unsustainable overharvesting and indiscriminate felling of plants due to ever increasing needs of population pressure are causes of great concern. The IUCN includes, the species facing a high risk of extinction in the wild as threatened, and “endangered” is one of the sub-categories under “threatened” category. Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari is an arid region plant, highly valued for its medicinally important guggul gum-resin as a source of guggulsterone. It is listed in IUCN’s Red Data List of threatened plants and now it is becoming endangered. Its population is fast depleting in its natural habitat, primarily due to over-exploitation, unsustainable and destructive methods of gum-extraction coupled with natural dry-arid habitat, slow growth and poor regeneration of the plant. Several other reasons have also been indicated for its declining population. Therefore, it demands severe measures for its conservation before we completely lose this important medicinal plant. A lot of research and study is underway but has vast scope for improvement, requiring efforts to supplement with such information that would aid transgenic development and breeding programmes for production and cultivation of improved varieties. The article presents the importance of this plant and its conservation in a nut-shell.展开更多
Objective: To assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as well as to determine the flavonoids and phenolic acids content of active fractions.Methods: Two medicinal plant samples were extracted successiv...Objective: To assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as well as to determine the flavonoids and phenolic acids content of active fractions.Methods: Two medicinal plant samples were extracted successively in Soxhlet apparatus with n-hexane, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, methanol and n-butanol. Five methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was done through the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzymes(COX-1 and COX-2).Polyphenolic compounds were analyzed by using a spectrophotometrical and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS) methods.Results: The data showed that the stem leaves extracts of Commiphora africana and Loeseneriella africana possessed significant in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Polar extracts had radical scavenging effects and they reduced iron(III). The prostaglandin production was significantly stopped by acetonitrile and methanol extracts.These biological activities were supported by some bioactive compounds quantified by using the HPLC-MS. p-Coumaric acid, ferulic acid, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, quercetin,rutin, kaempferol and apigenin were the most metabolites quantified.Conclusions: The present study may explain the effectiveness of plants in traditional medicine of Burkina Faso, singularly Commiphora africana and Loeseneriella africana.The next investigation was to sub-fractionate the methanol fraction in order to isolate new antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory compounds.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the efficacy of (Commiphora molmol(Myrrh)) extract as alternative treatment in hamsters against giardiasis. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the new compound (Commiphora mol...Objective: To investigate the efficacy of (Commiphora molmol(Myrrh)) extract as alternative treatment in hamsters against giardiasis. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the new compound (Commiphora molmol(Myrrh)), as agent a natural product extracted from the roots of Zingiber officinal, on Giardia lamblia infection as anti-protozoal and to study the parasitological and Histopathological impact of this treatment on the duodenal mucosa of infected hamsters. Fifty hamsters were divided into five groups: Group (A): normal control. Group (B): Giardia lamblia infected and untreated hamsters served as control. Group (C): infected with Giardia lamblia and treated with metronidazole in dose (120 μg/kg body weight twice daily for 7 successive days). Group (D) Giardia lamblia infected and orally treated with Myrrh (500 mg/Kg for 1 week). Group (E): Giardia lamblia infected and orally treated with combination 1/3 dose of (120 μg/kg body weight) metronidazole and Myrrh (250 mg/Kg) for 1 week). After 2 weeks of the treatment, hamsters were sacrificed. The highest percentages of reduction in the number of Giardia lamblia cysts and trophozoites were in the group receiving combined metronidazole and myrrh. Histopathological examination revealed complete healing of intestinal mucosa after the combined treatment, while partial healing of the lining epithelium of the intestine was noticed after metronidazole and either myrrh plant treatment.展开更多
Background:Prostate cancer(PCa)is one of the most common malignancies of the male genitourinary system.Commiphora myrrha(CM)has the potential to treat PCa,but the underlying mechanism is still unclear.Therefore,this s...Background:Prostate cancer(PCa)is one of the most common malignancies of the male genitourinary system.Commiphora myrrha(CM)has the potential to treat PCa,but the underlying mechanism is still unclear.Therefore,this study uses the network pharmacology method to investigate the target of CM in the treatment of PCa and related signal pathways,and further analyze the theoretical basis and potential mechanism of its treatment with PCa.Methods:All the components and targets of CM were retrieved from Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP).GeneCards and DisGeNET databases were used to collect PCa-related targets.String was used to build a target protein interaction network.The network of“active component-interaction target-related pathways”and protein-protein interaction network were constructed using Cytoscape,the functional enrichment analysis of GO and the enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway of CM in the treatment of PCa were performed using Metascape.Results:A total of 33 active ingredients including quercetin,β-sitosterol and ellagic acid were obtained,and 61 common targets of CM for PCa were obtained by screening intersection.The most frequent occurrences were AKT1,TP53,JUN,VEGFA,etc.These targets were mainly involved in biological processes,such as apoptotic signaling pathway,response to growth factor,and reactive oxygen species metabolic process,and were mainly concentrated in PI3K-Akt,MAPK and other signaling pathways.Conclusion:This study revealed the effective ingredients,potential targets and mechanism of action of CM in the treatment of PCa,aiming to provide a theoretical basis and reference for subsequent experimental studies.展开更多
Medicinal plants used in folk medicine contain a wide range of substances that can prevent and treat many diseases. The Antiulcer Activities effects of myrrh or Commiphora molmol extract (CME) were assessed in rats. I...Medicinal plants used in folk medicine contain a wide range of substances that can prevent and treat many diseases. The Antiulcer Activities effects of myrrh or Commiphora molmol extract (CME) were assessed in rats. In this experiment, thirty rats were divided into 6 groups as follows: G1) normal control (vehicle);G2) received aspirin without any treatment;G3) pretreated with Omeprazole (antiulcer drug) and groups (4), (5) and (6) were pretreated with CME at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt, respective-ly for 2 weeks. At the end of experiment the volume, pH and total acidity of gastric juices;mucus content and ulcer lengths were measured and protection percentages were calculated. Gross and histopathological examinations of stomachs were also performed. CME induced an antiulcer effect manifested by decreased volume and total acidity of gastric juice and increased mucus content and percentages of protec-tion from ulcer as well as partial amelioration of gross and histopathological lesions seen in stomach of ulcerated rats. In conclusion, the results denote that Commiphora molmol extract possess antiulcer effects in rats. These results affirm the traditional use of Myrrh extract for the treatment of gastric ulcer.展开更多
Mosquitoes(Diptera:Culicidae)are vectors of various pathogens of public health concern,but replacing conventional insecticides remains a challenge.In this regard,natural products represent valuable sources of potentia...Mosquitoes(Diptera:Culicidae)are vectors of various pathogens of public health concern,but replacing conventional insecticides remains a challenge.In this regard,natural products represent valuable sources of potential insecticidal compounds,thus increasingly attracting research interest.Commiphora myrrha(T.Nees)Engl.(Burseraceae)is a medicinal plant whose oleo-gum resin is used in food,cosmetics,fragrances,and pharmaceuticals.Herein,the larvicidal potential of its essential oil(EO)was assessed on four mosquito species(Aedes albopictus Skuse,Ae.aegypti L.,Anopheles gambiae Giles and An.stephensi Liston),with LC_(50) values ranging from 4.42 to 16.80 μg/mL.The bio-guided EO fractionation identified furanosesquiterpenes as the main larvicidal compounds.A GC-MS-driven untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed 32 affected metabolic pathways in treated larvae.The EO non-target toxicity on Daphnia magna Straus(LC_(50)=4.51 μL/L)and its cytotoxicity on a human kidney cell line(HEK293)(IC50 of 14.38 μg/mL)were also assessed.This study shows the potential of plant products as innovative insecticidal agents and lays the ground-work for the possible exploitation of C.myrrha EO in the sustainable approaches for mosquito management.展开更多
Commiphoroids G_(1)-G_(3),H and I(1-5),five new terpenoid dimers were isolated from Resina Commiphora.Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by using spectroscopic,computational and crystallograp...Commiphoroids G_(1)-G_(3),H and I(1-5),five new terpenoid dimers were isolated from Resina Commiphora.Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by using spectroscopic,computational and crystallographic methods.Biological evaluation of these terpenoid dimers against renal fibrosis reveals that 5 inhibits extracellular matrix components including fibronectin and colla-gen I in a concentration-dependent manner.展开更多
Background The aim of this study is to examine the effects of four different bioclimatic predictors(current,2050,2070,and 2090 under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways SSP2-4.5)and non-bioclimatic variables(soil,habitat he...Background The aim of this study is to examine the effects of four different bioclimatic predictors(current,2050,2070,and 2090 under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways SSP2-4.5)and non-bioclimatic variables(soil,habitat heterogeneity index,land use,slope,and aspect)on the habitat suitability and niche dimensions of the critically endangered plant species Commiphora wightii in India.We also evaluate how niche modelling affects its extent of occurrence(EOO)and area of occupancy(AOO).Results The area under the receiver operating curve(AUC)values produced by the maximum entropy(Maxent)under various bioclimatic time frames were more than 0.94,indicating excellent model accuracy.Non-bioclimatic characteristics,with the exception of terrain slope and aspect,decreased the accuracy of our model.Additionally,Maxent accuracy was the lowest across all combinations of bioclimatic and non-bioclimatic variables(AUC=0.75 to 0.78).With current,2050,and 2070 bioclimatic projections,our modelling revealed the significance of water availability parameters(BC-12 to BC-19,i.e.annual and seasonal precipitation as well as precipitation of wettest,driest,and coldest months and quarters)on habitat suitability for this species.However,with 2090 projection,energy variables such as mean temperature of wettest quarter(BC-8)and isothermality(BC-3)were identified as governing factors.Excessive salt,rooting conditions,land use type(grassland),characteristics of the plant community,and slope were also noticed to have an impact on this species.Through distribution modelling of this species in both its native(west-ern India)and exotic(North-east,Central Part of India,as well as northern and eastern Ghat)habitats,we were also able to simulate both its fundamental niche and its realized niche.Our EOO and AOO analysis reflects the possibility of many new areas in India where this species can be planted and grown.Conclusion According to the calculated area under the various suitability classes,we can conclude that C.wight-ii’s potentially suitable bioclimatic distribution under the optimum and moderate classes would increase under all future bioclimatic scenarios(2090>2050≈current),with the exception of 2070,demonstrating that there are more suitable habitats available for C.wightii artificial cultivation and will be available for future bioclimatic projections of 2050 and 2090.Predictive sites indicated that this species also favours various types of landforms outside rocky environments,such as sand dunes,sandy plains,young alluvial plains,saline areas,and so on.Our research also revealed crucial information regarding the community dispersion variable,notably the coefficient of variation that,when bioclimatic non-bioclimatic variables were coupled,disguised the effects of bioclimatic factors across all time frames.展开更多
基金financially supported by Sri Venkateswara University(Grant No.BC-408)
文摘Objective:To study the antioxidant efficacy of Commiphora mukul(C.mukul) gum resin ethanolic extract in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats.Methods:The male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight animals each:Control group(C),CM-treated control group(C_+CMEE),Diabetic control group(D),CM- treated diabetic group(D_+CMEE).Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ(55 mg/kg/ bwt).After being confirmed the diabetic rats were treated with C.mukul gum resin ethanolic extract(CMEE) for 60 days.The biochemical estimations like antioxidant,oxidative stress marker enzymes and hepatic marker enzymes of tissues were performed.Results:The diabetic rats showed increased level of enzymatic activities aspartate aminotransaminase(AST),alanine aminotransaminase(ALT) in liver and kidney and oxidative markers like lipid peroxidation(LPO) and protein oxidation(PO) in pancreas and heart. Antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly decreased in the pancreas and heart compared to control group.Administration of CMEE(200 mg/kg bw) to diabetic rats for 60 days significantly reversed the above parameters towards normalcy.Conclusions:In conclusion,our data indicate the preventive role of C.mukul against STZ-induced diabetic oxidative stress;hence this plant could be used as an adjuvant therapy for the prevention and/or management of diabetes and aggravated antioxidant status.
文摘The plants are the primary producers and an indispensible source of food and nutrition, medicine and fuel/biofuel. Unsustainable overharvesting and indiscriminate felling of plants due to ever increasing needs of population pressure are causes of great concern. The IUCN includes, the species facing a high risk of extinction in the wild as threatened, and “endangered” is one of the sub-categories under “threatened” category. Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari is an arid region plant, highly valued for its medicinally important guggul gum-resin as a source of guggulsterone. It is listed in IUCN’s Red Data List of threatened plants and now it is becoming endangered. Its population is fast depleting in its natural habitat, primarily due to over-exploitation, unsustainable and destructive methods of gum-extraction coupled with natural dry-arid habitat, slow growth and poor regeneration of the plant. Several other reasons have also been indicated for its declining population. Therefore, it demands severe measures for its conservation before we completely lose this important medicinal plant. A lot of research and study is underway but has vast scope for improvement, requiring efforts to supplement with such information that would aid transgenic development and breeding programmes for production and cultivation of improved varieties. The article presents the importance of this plant and its conservation in a nut-shell.
基金Supported by International Foundation for Sciences(Grant No.AF/20286)
文摘Objective: To assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as well as to determine the flavonoids and phenolic acids content of active fractions.Methods: Two medicinal plant samples were extracted successively in Soxhlet apparatus with n-hexane, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, methanol and n-butanol. Five methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was done through the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzymes(COX-1 and COX-2).Polyphenolic compounds were analyzed by using a spectrophotometrical and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS) methods.Results: The data showed that the stem leaves extracts of Commiphora africana and Loeseneriella africana possessed significant in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Polar extracts had radical scavenging effects and they reduced iron(III). The prostaglandin production was significantly stopped by acetonitrile and methanol extracts.These biological activities were supported by some bioactive compounds quantified by using the HPLC-MS. p-Coumaric acid, ferulic acid, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, quercetin,rutin, kaempferol and apigenin were the most metabolites quantified.Conclusions: The present study may explain the effectiveness of plants in traditional medicine of Burkina Faso, singularly Commiphora africana and Loeseneriella africana.The next investigation was to sub-fractionate the methanol fraction in order to isolate new antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory compounds.
文摘Objective: To investigate the efficacy of (Commiphora molmol(Myrrh)) extract as alternative treatment in hamsters against giardiasis. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the new compound (Commiphora molmol(Myrrh)), as agent a natural product extracted from the roots of Zingiber officinal, on Giardia lamblia infection as anti-protozoal and to study the parasitological and Histopathological impact of this treatment on the duodenal mucosa of infected hamsters. Fifty hamsters were divided into five groups: Group (A): normal control. Group (B): Giardia lamblia infected and untreated hamsters served as control. Group (C): infected with Giardia lamblia and treated with metronidazole in dose (120 μg/kg body weight twice daily for 7 successive days). Group (D) Giardia lamblia infected and orally treated with Myrrh (500 mg/Kg for 1 week). Group (E): Giardia lamblia infected and orally treated with combination 1/3 dose of (120 μg/kg body weight) metronidazole and Myrrh (250 mg/Kg) for 1 week). After 2 weeks of the treatment, hamsters were sacrificed. The highest percentages of reduction in the number of Giardia lamblia cysts and trophozoites were in the group receiving combined metronidazole and myrrh. Histopathological examination revealed complete healing of intestinal mucosa after the combined treatment, while partial healing of the lining epithelium of the intestine was noticed after metronidazole and either myrrh plant treatment.
文摘Background:Prostate cancer(PCa)is one of the most common malignancies of the male genitourinary system.Commiphora myrrha(CM)has the potential to treat PCa,but the underlying mechanism is still unclear.Therefore,this study uses the network pharmacology method to investigate the target of CM in the treatment of PCa and related signal pathways,and further analyze the theoretical basis and potential mechanism of its treatment with PCa.Methods:All the components and targets of CM were retrieved from Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP).GeneCards and DisGeNET databases were used to collect PCa-related targets.String was used to build a target protein interaction network.The network of“active component-interaction target-related pathways”and protein-protein interaction network were constructed using Cytoscape,the functional enrichment analysis of GO and the enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway of CM in the treatment of PCa were performed using Metascape.Results:A total of 33 active ingredients including quercetin,β-sitosterol and ellagic acid were obtained,and 61 common targets of CM for PCa were obtained by screening intersection.The most frequent occurrences were AKT1,TP53,JUN,VEGFA,etc.These targets were mainly involved in biological processes,such as apoptotic signaling pathway,response to growth factor,and reactive oxygen species metabolic process,and were mainly concentrated in PI3K-Akt,MAPK and other signaling pathways.Conclusion:This study revealed the effective ingredients,potential targets and mechanism of action of CM in the treatment of PCa,aiming to provide a theoretical basis and reference for subsequent experimental studies.
文摘Medicinal plants used in folk medicine contain a wide range of substances that can prevent and treat many diseases. The Antiulcer Activities effects of myrrh or Commiphora molmol extract (CME) were assessed in rats. In this experiment, thirty rats were divided into 6 groups as follows: G1) normal control (vehicle);G2) received aspirin without any treatment;G3) pretreated with Omeprazole (antiulcer drug) and groups (4), (5) and (6) were pretreated with CME at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt, respective-ly for 2 weeks. At the end of experiment the volume, pH and total acidity of gastric juices;mucus content and ulcer lengths were measured and protection percentages were calculated. Gross and histopathological examinations of stomachs were also performed. CME induced an antiulcer effect manifested by decreased volume and total acidity of gastric juice and increased mucus content and percentages of protec-tion from ulcer as well as partial amelioration of gross and histopathological lesions seen in stomach of ulcerated rats. In conclusion, the results denote that Commiphora molmol extract possess antiulcer effects in rats. These results affirm the traditional use of Myrrh extract for the treatment of gastric ulcer.
基金granted by the project PRIN 2022“Bioformulations for controlled release of botanical pesticides for sustainable agriculture”(prot.202274BK9L)supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research(MUR)the Technology agency of the Czech Republic for its financial support concerning botanical pesticide(Project No.FW06010376).
文摘Mosquitoes(Diptera:Culicidae)are vectors of various pathogens of public health concern,but replacing conventional insecticides remains a challenge.In this regard,natural products represent valuable sources of potential insecticidal compounds,thus increasingly attracting research interest.Commiphora myrrha(T.Nees)Engl.(Burseraceae)is a medicinal plant whose oleo-gum resin is used in food,cosmetics,fragrances,and pharmaceuticals.Herein,the larvicidal potential of its essential oil(EO)was assessed on four mosquito species(Aedes albopictus Skuse,Ae.aegypti L.,Anopheles gambiae Giles and An.stephensi Liston),with LC_(50) values ranging from 4.42 to 16.80 μg/mL.The bio-guided EO fractionation identified furanosesquiterpenes as the main larvicidal compounds.A GC-MS-driven untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed 32 affected metabolic pathways in treated larvae.The EO non-target toxicity on Daphnia magna Straus(LC_(50)=4.51 μL/L)and its cytotoxicity on a human kidney cell line(HEK293)(IC50 of 14.38 μg/mL)were also assessed.This study shows the potential of plant products as innovative insecticidal agents and lays the ground-work for the possible exploitation of C.myrrha EO in the sustainable approaches for mosquito management.
基金This study was supported financially by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.81525026)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0503900)+3 种基金the She nzhe n Fundame ntal Research Program(No.JCYJ20200109114003921)the SZU Top Ranking Project(No.86000000210)the Natural Science Research Project of Shenzhen University(2019122)the SZU Medical Young Scientist Program.
文摘Commiphoroids G_(1)-G_(3),H and I(1-5),five new terpenoid dimers were isolated from Resina Commiphora.Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by using spectroscopic,computational and crystallographic methods.Biological evaluation of these terpenoid dimers against renal fibrosis reveals that 5 inhibits extracellular matrix components including fibronectin and colla-gen I in a concentration-dependent manner.
文摘Background The aim of this study is to examine the effects of four different bioclimatic predictors(current,2050,2070,and 2090 under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways SSP2-4.5)and non-bioclimatic variables(soil,habitat heterogeneity index,land use,slope,and aspect)on the habitat suitability and niche dimensions of the critically endangered plant species Commiphora wightii in India.We also evaluate how niche modelling affects its extent of occurrence(EOO)and area of occupancy(AOO).Results The area under the receiver operating curve(AUC)values produced by the maximum entropy(Maxent)under various bioclimatic time frames were more than 0.94,indicating excellent model accuracy.Non-bioclimatic characteristics,with the exception of terrain slope and aspect,decreased the accuracy of our model.Additionally,Maxent accuracy was the lowest across all combinations of bioclimatic and non-bioclimatic variables(AUC=0.75 to 0.78).With current,2050,and 2070 bioclimatic projections,our modelling revealed the significance of water availability parameters(BC-12 to BC-19,i.e.annual and seasonal precipitation as well as precipitation of wettest,driest,and coldest months and quarters)on habitat suitability for this species.However,with 2090 projection,energy variables such as mean temperature of wettest quarter(BC-8)and isothermality(BC-3)were identified as governing factors.Excessive salt,rooting conditions,land use type(grassland),characteristics of the plant community,and slope were also noticed to have an impact on this species.Through distribution modelling of this species in both its native(west-ern India)and exotic(North-east,Central Part of India,as well as northern and eastern Ghat)habitats,we were also able to simulate both its fundamental niche and its realized niche.Our EOO and AOO analysis reflects the possibility of many new areas in India where this species can be planted and grown.Conclusion According to the calculated area under the various suitability classes,we can conclude that C.wight-ii’s potentially suitable bioclimatic distribution under the optimum and moderate classes would increase under all future bioclimatic scenarios(2090>2050≈current),with the exception of 2070,demonstrating that there are more suitable habitats available for C.wightii artificial cultivation and will be available for future bioclimatic projections of 2050 and 2090.Predictive sites indicated that this species also favours various types of landforms outside rocky environments,such as sand dunes,sandy plains,young alluvial plains,saline areas,and so on.Our research also revealed crucial information regarding the community dispersion variable,notably the coefficient of variation that,when bioclimatic non-bioclimatic variables were coupled,disguised the effects of bioclimatic factors across all time frames.
