Meeting the increasing demand for food and industrial products by the growing global population requires targeted efforts to improve crops,livestock,and microorganisms.Modern biotechnology,particularly genetic modific...Meeting the increasing demand for food and industrial products by the growing global population requires targeted efforts to improve crops,livestock,and microorganisms.Modern biotechnology,particularly genetic modification(GM)and genome-editing(GE)technologies,is crucial for food security and environmental sustainability.China,which is at the forefront of global biotechnological innovation and the rapid advancements in GM and GE technologies,has prioritized this field by implementing strategic programs such as the National High-tech Research&Development Program in 1986,the National Genetically Modified Organism New Variety Breeding Program in 2008,and the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project in 2022.Many biotechnological products have been widely commercialized in China,including biofertilizers,animal feed,animal vaccines,pesticides,and GM crops such as cotton(Gossypium hirsutum),maize(Zea mays),and soybean(Glycine max).In this review,we summarize progress on the research and utilization of GM and GE organisms in China over the past 3 decades and provide perspectives on their further development.This review thus aims to promote worldwide academic exchange and contribute to the further development and commercial success of agricultural biotechnology.展开更多
The efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has progressed rapidly,exceeding 26%for single-junction devices and surpassing 34%in perovskite-silicon tandem configurations,establishing PSCs as a promising alternative ...The efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has progressed rapidly,exceeding 26%for single-junction devices and surpassing 34%in perovskite-silicon tandem configurations,establishing PSCs as a promising alternative to traditional photovoltaic technologies.However,their commercialization is constrained by significant stability challenges in outdoor environments.This review critically examines key cell-level issues affecting the long-term performance and reliability of PSCs,focusing on instabilities arising from the intrinsic phases of the perovskite absorber and external stress factors.Mitigation strategies to enhance stability are discussed,alongside recent advancements in charge transport layers,electrodes,and interfaces aimed at reducing environmental degradation and improving energy level alignment for efficient charge extraction.The importance of accelerated aging tests and the establishment of standardized protocols is underscored for accurately predicting device lifetimes and identifying failure mechanisms,thereby ensuring stability under real-world conditions.Furthermore,a comprehensive techno-economic analysis evaluates how advancements in materials and strategic innovations influence efficiency,durability,and cost,which are critical for the commercial adoption of PSCs.This review delineates the essential steps required to transition PSC technology from laboratory-scale research to widespread commercialization within the global photovoltaic industry.展开更多
Lonicera japonica(honeysuckle)is a traditional Chinese medicinal food,in which the main active ingredients are phenolic acids,polysaccharides,flavonoids,and volatile oils.They have various biological activities,includ...Lonicera japonica(honeysuckle)is a traditional Chinese medicinal food,in which the main active ingredients are phenolic acids,polysaccharides,flavonoids,and volatile oils.They have various biological activities,including antiviral,antibacterial,antioxidant,hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering,and anti-inflammatory effects.This review summarizes the health effects and pharmacodynamic mechanisms of L.japonica extracts and the major active ingredients in these extracts,and the structures,metabolic process in vivo,and biotransformation processes of these compounds.In addition,the current status of the development of L.japonica-related functional foods is summarized.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the further development and use of the active ingredients in L.japonica as functional foods for disease prevention and treatment.展开更多
Tucked away in the northeastern corner of China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,the vast forests of the Greater Hinggan Mountains have undergone a remarkable transformation.Once heavily threatened by commercial lo...Tucked away in the northeastern corner of China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,the vast forests of the Greater Hinggan Mountains have undergone a remarkable transformation.Once heavily threatened by commercial logging,this region now exemplifies the transition to ecological preservation,with local communities incorporating conservation into their daily lives and future plans.展开更多
Amid the deepening implementation of rural revitalization strategies and rapid fintech development,rural commercial banks-core financial institutions serving agriculture,rural areas,and farmers(the“three rurals”)and...Amid the deepening implementation of rural revitalization strategies and rapid fintech development,rural commercial banks-core financial institutions serving agriculture,rural areas,and farmers(the“three rurals”)and county economies-have seen their tellers’service quality and operational efficiency directly impact market competitiveness and sustainable development capabilities.This study examines teller performance management in rural commercial banks from a business management perspective.By analyzing structural issues in existing performance management systems and integrating theoretical frameworks with industry case studies,it proposes systematic optimization measures.The research aims to provide practical references for establishing scientific and efficient teller performance management systems in rural commercial banks,thereby enhancing service quality,strengthening talent support,and better serving the rural financial market.展开更多
Circulose,a global leader in recycled pulp production,hasreached a strategic partnership agreement with Tangshan SanyouChemical Fiber,a front-runner in the cellulose fiber industry.Thiscollaboration marks a significan...Circulose,a global leader in recycled pulp production,hasreached a strategic partnership agreement with Tangshan SanyouChemical Fiber,a front-runner in the cellulose fiber industry.Thiscollaboration marks a significant milestone in the commercializa-tion and scaling of CIRCULOSER,whle also propelling TangshanSanyou's brand toward greater international recognition.展开更多
At the 20th China-ASEAN Expo(CAEXPO)in 2023,Bruneibased airline startup GallopAir signed a letter of intent(LOI)with the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China(COMAC)for the purchase of 30 aircraft,including the C91...At the 20th China-ASEAN Expo(CAEXPO)in 2023,Bruneibased airline startup GallopAir signed a letter of intent(LOI)with the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China(COMAC)for the purchase of 30 aircraft,including the C919 jet airliner and the ARJ21(now known as C909)regional jet.展开更多
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS)and hydroformylation are pivotal chemical processes for converting syngas and olefins into valuable hydrocarbons and chemicals.Recent advancements in catalyst design,reaction mechanisms,a...Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS)and hydroformylation are pivotal chemical processes for converting syngas and olefins into valuable hydrocarbons and chemicals.Recent advancements in catalyst design,reaction mechanisms,and process optimization have significantly improved the efficiency,selectivity,and sustainability of these processes.This Account introduces the relevant research activities in the Research Center for Catalysis in Syngas Conversion and Fine Chemicals(DNL0805)of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP),Chinese Academy of Sciences.The reactions of interests include FTS,heterogeneous hydroformylation of olefins,alcohol dehydration and oxidation,andα-olefin polymerization,with the emphasis on developing innovative catalysts and processes to address the challenges of traditional processes.Exemplified by the discovery of robust Co-Co_(2)C/AC for FTS and Rh_(1)/POPs-PPh_(3) for heterogeneous hydroformylation of olefins,it demonstrates how lab-scale fundamental understandings on the active sites of catalysts leads to pilot-plant scale-up and finally commercial technologies.Perspectives on the challenges and directions for future developments in these exciting fields are provided.展开更多
LATEST NEWS FROM THE WORLD OF BUSINESS CHINA Beijing to Open‘4S’Store for Robots China’s capital is set to launch the world’s first“4S store”dedicated to embodied artificial intelligence robots,marking the lates...LATEST NEWS FROM THE WORLD OF BUSINESS CHINA Beijing to Open‘4S’Store for Robots China’s capital is set to launch the world’s first“4S store”dedicated to embodied artificial intelligence robots,marking the latest push to commer-cialise advanced robotics in the country.展开更多
With rising consumer spending power and growing demand for personalization,the role of jewelry designers in product innovation and brand building has become increasingly prominent,and the realization of their commerci...With rising consumer spending power and growing demand for personalization,the role of jewelry designers in product innovation and brand building has become increasingly prominent,and the realization of their commercial value has emerged as a key competitive driver in the industry.This paper employs a combination of literature review and case analysis to first define the connotation and evaluation dimensions of jewelry designers’commercial value.Next,it examines successful practices of representative designers at home and abroad,analyzing their core strategies in brand development,market positioning,channel collaboration,and innovation models.Finally,based on these findings,it proposes a systematic path for building personal brands,deepening value‐chain collaboration,and exploring cross-field innovation.The study demonstrates that effective brand building and differentiated positioning can significantly enhance a designer’s bargaining power,while coordinated upstream–downstream value-chain efforts and diverse innovation models—spanning technology and culture—provide vital support for sustained growth in commercial value.This paper aims to offer actionable strategic frameworks for industry practitioners and decision makers and to outline directions for future research.展开更多
There is a wide recognition that encompassing an obligation of good faith in every commercial contract is one of the most important advances in contract law in the twentieth century^([1]).Despite the fact that this co...There is a wide recognition that encompassing an obligation of good faith in every commercial contract is one of the most important advances in contract law in the twentieth century^([1]).Despite the fact that this concept has been incorporated in the vast majority of national legal systems,its precise scope and application may vary from one to another,depending on the commercial traditions and customs of each legal system^([2]).The fact that good faith has been treated differently in different national legal systems has also been reflected on the international level through its inclusion in international legal instruments,one of which is the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods(hereafter CISG).In this article,the legislative history of the CISG will be closely examined with the purpose of finding out how a compromise was reached between the common law countries,which expressly objected to the imposition of a duty of good faith,and the civil law countries,which explicitly endorse its incorporation.A logical result flowing from this historical examination,as will be submitted,is that the conceptual ambiguity of good faith is the underlying reasoning behind their fundamentally different attitudes towards the incorporation of this notion in the international commercial context.展开更多
This research centers on commercial banks'human resource allocation.It constructs a staffing model grounded in human capital value creation theory and analyzes relevant factors through longitudinal panel data regr...This research centers on commercial banks'human resource allocation.It constructs a staffing model grounded in human capital value creation theory and analyzes relevant factors through longitudinal panel data regression.Taking City Commercial Bank A as an instance,the model identifies 12.3%redundant positions and matches jobs with business scale.Additionally,the study proposes a“staffing effectiveness salary”system,providing a framework for optimizing commercial bank human capital in the digital age.展开更多
The traditional nanozymes-based ratiometric fluorescence sensing platforms usually necessitate the supplementary addition of fluorescent probes,therefore greatly restricting its convenient and broad application.In thi...The traditional nanozymes-based ratiometric fluorescence sensing platforms usually necessitate the supplementary addition of fluorescent probes,therefore greatly restricting its convenient and broad application.In this study,a highly sensitive and selective ratiometric fluorescence platform for alkaline phosphatase(ALP)detection was established,only employing Prussian blue(PB)nanozymes and a commercially available chromogen of o-phenylenediamine(OPD).PB nanozymes with remarkable peroxidaselike(POD-like)activity can effectively catalyze OPD chromogen to yield 2,3-diaminophenazine(OPDox)with an intense yellow fluorescence at 573 nm emission peak.Target ALP can facilitate ascorbic acid 2-phosphate(AAP)dephosphorylation to generate phosphate and ascorbic acid(AA).Significantly,both these two resultant hydrolysis products could effectively decrease the OPDox generation via a dualpath based inhibition on the PB nanozymes POD-like activity.On the other hand,the generated dehydroascorbic acid(DHAA)from AA oxidation would exclusively react with OPD chromogen to yield3-(dihydroxyethyl)furo[3,4-b]quinoxaline-1-one(DFQ)with a strong blue fluorescent signal at 434nm,which further providing a significant enhancement on the sensing selectivity of ALP detection.As a result,an increased yellow fluorescence of OPDox and decreased blue fluorescence of DFQ could be clearly observed with different ALP addition.A robust linear relationship between the fluorescence ratio of F_(434)/F_(573)and ALP activity ranging from 0.25U/L to 6U/L was obtained,with a low detection limit of 0.112 U/L.This proposed method demonstrates high sensitivity,excellent selectivity,cost-effectiveness,and operational simplicity,yet enabling an effective detection of ALP levels in human serum.展开更多
Polar microalgae are microscopic organisms adapted to survive in cold and extreme habitats such as sea-ice,glaciers,lakes and snow.These microorganisms provide an essential basis as primary food sources in polar ecosy...Polar microalgae are microscopic organisms adapted to survive in cold and extreme habitats such as sea-ice,glaciers,lakes and snow.These microorganisms provide an essential basis as primary food sources in polar ecosystems.Despite their ecological importance,polar microalgae remain relatively unexplored compared to their tropical and temperate counterparts,largely due to the practical challenges of obtaining and maintaining material from the harsh polar environments.However,interest has recently surged due to their specific adaptations and potential for utilization in various fields.This review explores the survival strategies of polar microalgae and their commercial applications in healthcare and other fields.We also consider the processes involved in processing polar microalgae,from cultivation to extraction of bioactive compounds.Our findings highlight a growing need for research in this rapidly evolving field to unlock the potential of polar microalgae in multiple fields.展开更多
As the morning sun casts its glow over the lush rolling hills of Nyagatare District,chilli farming is spicing up cross-continental trade and bringing tangible benefits to local farmers in Rwanda.“I can now afford to ...As the morning sun casts its glow over the lush rolling hills of Nyagatare District,chilli farming is spicing up cross-continental trade and bringing tangible benefits to local farmers in Rwanda.“I can now afford to pay school fees for my children,and meet other financial needs at home,a tangible benefit of chilli farming compared to other commercial crops,”Noel Nzabamwita told ChinAfrica.展开更多
Organic solvent nanofiltration(OSN) is an efficient,low-energy and environmentally friendly phase-free separation process.Obviously,the core of OSN lies in the fabrication of solvent-resistant nanofiltration membranes...Organic solvent nanofiltration(OSN) is an efficient,low-energy and environmentally friendly phase-free separation process.Obviously,the core of OSN lies in the fabrication of solvent-resistant nanofiltration membranes.Although membrane materials reported in the literature such as 2D membranes,porous organic cages,etc.have the potential for ultra-high performance,polymeric membranes provide key advantages in mass production and processability.Therefore,this review focuses on polymeric materials for OSN.This review summarizes the recent progress of polymeric materials,including emerging and traditional polymeric membranes.Then,a summary of recent progress about strategies developed for perm-selective nanofilms are presented,followed by a brief overview of commercial membrane technology for OSN.Finally,major challenges of OSN and future research directions are presented.Close interaction between the academic research and practical application would help improve greener and more sustainable manufacturing processes.展开更多
This study aims to examine the challenges and future directions of large-scale wooden construction education at universities in Japan and Finland.It compares the wooden construction curricula at universities and the a...This study aims to examine the challenges and future directions of large-scale wooden construction education at universities in Japan and Finland.It compares the wooden construction curricula at universities and the architectural education initiatives undertaken by firms specializing in large-scale wood construction design in both countries.The target applications for large-scale wooden construction are residential,commercial,and public buildings.Comparing university education revealed many commonalities between the two countries,allowing them to be classified into two types:“seminar-centered”and“lecture-centered”.Japanese universities are categorized by building type and scale for educational purposes.Finnish universities focus their education on the properties and functions of wood.Based on these results,we infer that incorporating both Japan’s architecture-planning-focused education and Finland’s materials-focused education into teaching,using familiar housing buildings as a theme,will lead to the wider adoption of large-scale wooden construction.展开更多
On 13 December 2024,liquefied natural gas(LNG)company Venture Global LNG(Arlington,VA,USA)commenced commercial production of the super-chilled fuel at its partially completed Plaquemines LNG export terminal in Louisia...On 13 December 2024,liquefied natural gas(LNG)company Venture Global LNG(Arlington,VA,USA)commenced commercial production of the super-chilled fuel at its partially completed Plaquemines LNG export terminal in Louisiana(Fig.1)[1].In terms of dollars invested,the 21 billion USD plant is the fourth largest infrastructure project in the world[2].Venture Global initially expected the terminal to produce and ship 20 million tonnes of LNG annually[3].An 18 billion USD expansion of the terminal approved in February 2025 will bring its maximum annual produc-tion capacity to 45 million tonnes[4].When fully operational in 2027,the facility,located in Plaquemines Parish on the Mississippi River about 32 km south of New Orleans,will be among the largest in the world,further contributing to the US position as the world’s biggest LNG exporter[1].展开更多
In order to improve the competitiveness of smart tourist attractions in the tourism market,this paper selects a scenic spot in Shenyang and uses big data technology to predict the passenger flow of the scenic spot.Fir...In order to improve the competitiveness of smart tourist attractions in the tourism market,this paper selects a scenic spot in Shenyang and uses big data technology to predict the passenger flow of the scenic spot.Firstly,this paper introduces the big data-driven forecast model of scenic spot passenger flow.Based on the traditional autoregressive integral moving average model and artificial neural network model,it builds a big data analysis and forecast model.Through the analysis of data source,model building,scenic spot passenger flow accuracy,and modeling time comparison,it affirms the advantages of big data analysis in forecasting scenic spot passenger flow.Finally,it puts forward four commercial operation optimization strategies:adjusting the ticket pricing of scenic spots,upgrading the catering and accommodation services in scenic spots,planning and designing play projects,and formulating accurate scenic spot marketing strategies,in order to provide references for the optimization and upgrading of smart tourist attractions in the future.展开更多
Commercial data and intellectual property(IP)rights cover similar objects,sharing a consistent theoretical foundation and compatible institutional goals.This suggests the IP system is potentially adaptable for protect...Commercial data and intellectual property(IP)rights cover similar objects,sharing a consistent theoretical foundation and compatible institutional goals.This suggests the IP system is potentially adaptable for protecting commercial data.However,unlike the type-based objects of IP,commercial data demonstrates distinct characteristics in terms of property form,interest appeals,and value connotations.These differences pose difficulties in applying the current IP system to the protection of commercial data,necessitating a new institutional approach.Nevertheless,to improve the legal protection for commercial data,principles from established IP doctrines and regulatory designs can be adapted,including incentivizing property rights,facilitating market circulation,unlocking data's value as a production factor,and balancing competing interests.展开更多
基金Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2022ZD04021).
文摘Meeting the increasing demand for food and industrial products by the growing global population requires targeted efforts to improve crops,livestock,and microorganisms.Modern biotechnology,particularly genetic modification(GM)and genome-editing(GE)technologies,is crucial for food security and environmental sustainability.China,which is at the forefront of global biotechnological innovation and the rapid advancements in GM and GE technologies,has prioritized this field by implementing strategic programs such as the National High-tech Research&Development Program in 1986,the National Genetically Modified Organism New Variety Breeding Program in 2008,and the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project in 2022.Many biotechnological products have been widely commercialized in China,including biofertilizers,animal feed,animal vaccines,pesticides,and GM crops such as cotton(Gossypium hirsutum),maize(Zea mays),and soybean(Glycine max).In this review,we summarize progress on the research and utilization of GM and GE organisms in China over the past 3 decades and provide perspectives on their further development.This review thus aims to promote worldwide academic exchange and contribute to the further development and commercial success of agricultural biotechnology.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant(No.2016R1A3B 1908249),funded by the Korean government.
文摘The efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has progressed rapidly,exceeding 26%for single-junction devices and surpassing 34%in perovskite-silicon tandem configurations,establishing PSCs as a promising alternative to traditional photovoltaic technologies.However,their commercialization is constrained by significant stability challenges in outdoor environments.This review critically examines key cell-level issues affecting the long-term performance and reliability of PSCs,focusing on instabilities arising from the intrinsic phases of the perovskite absorber and external stress factors.Mitigation strategies to enhance stability are discussed,alongside recent advancements in charge transport layers,electrodes,and interfaces aimed at reducing environmental degradation and improving energy level alignment for efficient charge extraction.The importance of accelerated aging tests and the establishment of standardized protocols is underscored for accurately predicting device lifetimes and identifying failure mechanisms,thereby ensuring stability under real-world conditions.Furthermore,a comprehensive techno-economic analysis evaluates how advancements in materials and strategic innovations influence efficiency,durability,and cost,which are critical for the commercial adoption of PSCs.This review delineates the essential steps required to transition PSC technology from laboratory-scale research to widespread commercialization within the global photovoltaic industry.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82130112,U24A20789)Beijing Hospitals Authority Ascent Plan(DFL20190702)Youth Beijing Scholar(2022-051)。
文摘Lonicera japonica(honeysuckle)is a traditional Chinese medicinal food,in which the main active ingredients are phenolic acids,polysaccharides,flavonoids,and volatile oils.They have various biological activities,including antiviral,antibacterial,antioxidant,hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering,and anti-inflammatory effects.This review summarizes the health effects and pharmacodynamic mechanisms of L.japonica extracts and the major active ingredients in these extracts,and the structures,metabolic process in vivo,and biotransformation processes of these compounds.In addition,the current status of the development of L.japonica-related functional foods is summarized.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the further development and use of the active ingredients in L.japonica as functional foods for disease prevention and treatment.
文摘Tucked away in the northeastern corner of China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,the vast forests of the Greater Hinggan Mountains have undergone a remarkable transformation.Once heavily threatened by commercial logging,this region now exemplifies the transition to ecological preservation,with local communities incorporating conservation into their daily lives and future plans.
文摘Amid the deepening implementation of rural revitalization strategies and rapid fintech development,rural commercial banks-core financial institutions serving agriculture,rural areas,and farmers(the“three rurals”)and county economies-have seen their tellers’service quality and operational efficiency directly impact market competitiveness and sustainable development capabilities.This study examines teller performance management in rural commercial banks from a business management perspective.By analyzing structural issues in existing performance management systems and integrating theoretical frameworks with industry case studies,it proposes systematic optimization measures.The research aims to provide practical references for establishing scientific and efficient teller performance management systems in rural commercial banks,thereby enhancing service quality,strengthening talent support,and better serving the rural financial market.
文摘Circulose,a global leader in recycled pulp production,hasreached a strategic partnership agreement with Tangshan SanyouChemical Fiber,a front-runner in the cellulose fiber industry.Thiscollaboration marks a significant milestone in the commercializa-tion and scaling of CIRCULOSER,whle also propelling TangshanSanyou's brand toward greater international recognition.
文摘At the 20th China-ASEAN Expo(CAEXPO)in 2023,Bruneibased airline startup GallopAir signed a letter of intent(LOI)with the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China(COMAC)for the purchase of 30 aircraft,including the C919 jet airliner and the ARJ21(now known as C909)regional jet.
文摘Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS)and hydroformylation are pivotal chemical processes for converting syngas and olefins into valuable hydrocarbons and chemicals.Recent advancements in catalyst design,reaction mechanisms,and process optimization have significantly improved the efficiency,selectivity,and sustainability of these processes.This Account introduces the relevant research activities in the Research Center for Catalysis in Syngas Conversion and Fine Chemicals(DNL0805)of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP),Chinese Academy of Sciences.The reactions of interests include FTS,heterogeneous hydroformylation of olefins,alcohol dehydration and oxidation,andα-olefin polymerization,with the emphasis on developing innovative catalysts and processes to address the challenges of traditional processes.Exemplified by the discovery of robust Co-Co_(2)C/AC for FTS and Rh_(1)/POPs-PPh_(3) for heterogeneous hydroformylation of olefins,it demonstrates how lab-scale fundamental understandings on the active sites of catalysts leads to pilot-plant scale-up and finally commercial technologies.Perspectives on the challenges and directions for future developments in these exciting fields are provided.
文摘LATEST NEWS FROM THE WORLD OF BUSINESS CHINA Beijing to Open‘4S’Store for Robots China’s capital is set to launch the world’s first“4S store”dedicated to embodied artificial intelligence robots,marking the latest push to commer-cialise advanced robotics in the country.
文摘With rising consumer spending power and growing demand for personalization,the role of jewelry designers in product innovation and brand building has become increasingly prominent,and the realization of their commercial value has emerged as a key competitive driver in the industry.This paper employs a combination of literature review and case analysis to first define the connotation and evaluation dimensions of jewelry designers’commercial value.Next,it examines successful practices of representative designers at home and abroad,analyzing their core strategies in brand development,market positioning,channel collaboration,and innovation models.Finally,based on these findings,it proposes a systematic path for building personal brands,deepening value‐chain collaboration,and exploring cross-field innovation.The study demonstrates that effective brand building and differentiated positioning can significantly enhance a designer’s bargaining power,while coordinated upstream–downstream value-chain efforts and diverse innovation models—spanning technology and culture—provide vital support for sustained growth in commercial value.This paper aims to offer actionable strategic frameworks for industry practitioners and decision makers and to outline directions for future research.
文摘There is a wide recognition that encompassing an obligation of good faith in every commercial contract is one of the most important advances in contract law in the twentieth century^([1]).Despite the fact that this concept has been incorporated in the vast majority of national legal systems,its precise scope and application may vary from one to another,depending on the commercial traditions and customs of each legal system^([2]).The fact that good faith has been treated differently in different national legal systems has also been reflected on the international level through its inclusion in international legal instruments,one of which is the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods(hereafter CISG).In this article,the legislative history of the CISG will be closely examined with the purpose of finding out how a compromise was reached between the common law countries,which expressly objected to the imposition of a duty of good faith,and the civil law countries,which explicitly endorse its incorporation.A logical result flowing from this historical examination,as will be submitted,is that the conceptual ambiguity of good faith is the underlying reasoning behind their fundamentally different attitudes towards the incorporation of this notion in the international commercial context.
文摘This research centers on commercial banks'human resource allocation.It constructs a staffing model grounded in human capital value creation theory and analyzes relevant factors through longitudinal panel data regression.Taking City Commercial Bank A as an instance,the model identifies 12.3%redundant positions and matches jobs with business scale.Additionally,the study proposes a“staffing effectiveness salary”system,providing a framework for optimizing commercial bank human capital in the digital age.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22064014)the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Lanzhou(No.2021–1-146)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(Nos.21YF5FA071,21JR7RA538)the Industrial Support Programme for Higher Education Institutions Project(Nos.2023CYZC-69,2024CYCZ-05)the 2023 Gansu Provincial Key Talent Project(No.2023RCXM26)。
文摘The traditional nanozymes-based ratiometric fluorescence sensing platforms usually necessitate the supplementary addition of fluorescent probes,therefore greatly restricting its convenient and broad application.In this study,a highly sensitive and selective ratiometric fluorescence platform for alkaline phosphatase(ALP)detection was established,only employing Prussian blue(PB)nanozymes and a commercially available chromogen of o-phenylenediamine(OPD).PB nanozymes with remarkable peroxidaselike(POD-like)activity can effectively catalyze OPD chromogen to yield 2,3-diaminophenazine(OPDox)with an intense yellow fluorescence at 573 nm emission peak.Target ALP can facilitate ascorbic acid 2-phosphate(AAP)dephosphorylation to generate phosphate and ascorbic acid(AA).Significantly,both these two resultant hydrolysis products could effectively decrease the OPDox generation via a dualpath based inhibition on the PB nanozymes POD-like activity.On the other hand,the generated dehydroascorbic acid(DHAA)from AA oxidation would exclusively react with OPD chromogen to yield3-(dihydroxyethyl)furo[3,4-b]quinoxaline-1-one(DFQ)with a strong blue fluorescent signal at 434nm,which further providing a significant enhancement on the sensing selectivity of ALP detection.As a result,an increased yellow fluorescence of OPDox and decreased blue fluorescence of DFQ could be clearly observed with different ALP addition.A robust linear relationship between the fluorescence ratio of F_(434)/F_(573)and ALP activity ranging from 0.25U/L to 6U/L was obtained,with a low detection limit of 0.112 U/L.This proposed method demonstrates high sensitivity,excellent selectivity,cost-effectiveness,and operational simplicity,yet enabling an effective detection of ALP levels in human serum.
基金supported by the Sultan Mizan Antarctic Research Foundation Smart Partnership(YPASM)Initiative“Photoprotective Potential of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids(MAAs)and Bioactive Compounds from Antarctic Microalgae on Human Keratinocytes”(Grant number:IMU R 289/2023)。
文摘Polar microalgae are microscopic organisms adapted to survive in cold and extreme habitats such as sea-ice,glaciers,lakes and snow.These microorganisms provide an essential basis as primary food sources in polar ecosystems.Despite their ecological importance,polar microalgae remain relatively unexplored compared to their tropical and temperate counterparts,largely due to the practical challenges of obtaining and maintaining material from the harsh polar environments.However,interest has recently surged due to their specific adaptations and potential for utilization in various fields.This review explores the survival strategies of polar microalgae and their commercial applications in healthcare and other fields.We also consider the processes involved in processing polar microalgae,from cultivation to extraction of bioactive compounds.Our findings highlight a growing need for research in this rapidly evolving field to unlock the potential of polar microalgae in multiple fields.
文摘As the morning sun casts its glow over the lush rolling hills of Nyagatare District,chilli farming is spicing up cross-continental trade and bringing tangible benefits to local farmers in Rwanda.“I can now afford to pay school fees for my children,and meet other financial needs at home,a tangible benefit of chilli farming compared to other commercial crops,”Noel Nzabamwita told ChinAfrica.
基金Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research(2022010801010321)Wuhan Limo Technology Limited Company(2022420111000256)。
文摘Organic solvent nanofiltration(OSN) is an efficient,low-energy and environmentally friendly phase-free separation process.Obviously,the core of OSN lies in the fabrication of solvent-resistant nanofiltration membranes.Although membrane materials reported in the literature such as 2D membranes,porous organic cages,etc.have the potential for ultra-high performance,polymeric membranes provide key advantages in mass production and processability.Therefore,this review focuses on polymeric materials for OSN.This review summarizes the recent progress of polymeric materials,including emerging and traditional polymeric membranes.Then,a summary of recent progress about strategies developed for perm-selective nanofilms are presented,followed by a brief overview of commercial membrane technology for OSN.Finally,major challenges of OSN and future research directions are presented.Close interaction between the academic research and practical application would help improve greener and more sustainable manufacturing processes.
基金supported by the Sugiyama Jogakuen University’s School Research Fund.
文摘This study aims to examine the challenges and future directions of large-scale wooden construction education at universities in Japan and Finland.It compares the wooden construction curricula at universities and the architectural education initiatives undertaken by firms specializing in large-scale wood construction design in both countries.The target applications for large-scale wooden construction are residential,commercial,and public buildings.Comparing university education revealed many commonalities between the two countries,allowing them to be classified into two types:“seminar-centered”and“lecture-centered”.Japanese universities are categorized by building type and scale for educational purposes.Finnish universities focus their education on the properties and functions of wood.Based on these results,we infer that incorporating both Japan’s architecture-planning-focused education and Finland’s materials-focused education into teaching,using familiar housing buildings as a theme,will lead to the wider adoption of large-scale wooden construction.
文摘On 13 December 2024,liquefied natural gas(LNG)company Venture Global LNG(Arlington,VA,USA)commenced commercial production of the super-chilled fuel at its partially completed Plaquemines LNG export terminal in Louisiana(Fig.1)[1].In terms of dollars invested,the 21 billion USD plant is the fourth largest infrastructure project in the world[2].Venture Global initially expected the terminal to produce and ship 20 million tonnes of LNG annually[3].An 18 billion USD expansion of the terminal approved in February 2025 will bring its maximum annual produc-tion capacity to 45 million tonnes[4].When fully operational in 2027,the facility,located in Plaquemines Parish on the Mississippi River about 32 km south of New Orleans,will be among the largest in the world,further contributing to the US position as the world’s biggest LNG exporter[1].
文摘In order to improve the competitiveness of smart tourist attractions in the tourism market,this paper selects a scenic spot in Shenyang and uses big data technology to predict the passenger flow of the scenic spot.Firstly,this paper introduces the big data-driven forecast model of scenic spot passenger flow.Based on the traditional autoregressive integral moving average model and artificial neural network model,it builds a big data analysis and forecast model.Through the analysis of data source,model building,scenic spot passenger flow accuracy,and modeling time comparison,it affirms the advantages of big data analysis in forecasting scenic spot passenger flow.Finally,it puts forward four commercial operation optimization strategies:adjusting the ticket pricing of scenic spots,upgrading the catering and accommodation services in scenic spots,planning and designing play projects,and formulating accurate scenic spot marketing strategies,in order to provide references for the optimization and upgrading of smart tourist attractions in the future.
基金research outcome of the Major Project"Research on the Issues of Intellectual Property Rights in the Public Domain under the Strategy of Innovation-Driven Development"(Program No.17ZDA139)sponsored by the Chinese National Social Science Fund。
文摘Commercial data and intellectual property(IP)rights cover similar objects,sharing a consistent theoretical foundation and compatible institutional goals.This suggests the IP system is potentially adaptable for protecting commercial data.However,unlike the type-based objects of IP,commercial data demonstrates distinct characteristics in terms of property form,interest appeals,and value connotations.These differences pose difficulties in applying the current IP system to the protection of commercial data,necessitating a new institutional approach.Nevertheless,to improve the legal protection for commercial data,principles from established IP doctrines and regulatory designs can be adapted,including incentivizing property rights,facilitating market circulation,unlocking data's value as a production factor,and balancing competing interests.
