This research offers valuable insights into the relationship between land use and daytime climatic comfort in high-rise urban developments in Delhi.This city is navigating rapid urbanisation and facing critical enviro...This research offers valuable insights into the relationship between land use and daytime climatic comfort in high-rise urban developments in Delhi.This city is navigating rapid urbanisation and facing critical environmental challenges like pollution,heat stress,land degradation etc.The study aims to enhance understanding of how diverse land use patterns influence thermal comfort by utilising satellite data from the Landsat/Resourcesat series for classification and MODIS for land surface temperature(LST)extraction.The findings highlight that regions with dense construction and limited green and blue spaces tend to experience lower levels of climatic comfort,with 17.17 Percent of Delhi’s geographical area feeling the adverse effects of the Urban Heat Island(UHI)phenomenon.On a positive note,40.20 Percent of the area is associated with high climatic comfort,primarily due to natural features such as vegetation and water bodies.Furthermore,the research indicates a noteworthy increase in land surface temperatures(LST)from 2000 to 2022,with peak recorded temperatures rising from 38.35℃ in 2000 to 47.27℃ in 2022.In summary,this study emphasises the importance of understanding and addressing the UHI effect in urban settings,providing constructive recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders dedicated to fostering improved livability and sustainability in urban environments.展开更多
Passengers typically spend much time in commercial zones of terminals for retail,meals,and other services.Enhancing the study of thermal comfort in this local space is necessary.The climate in the Eastern China Region...Passengers typically spend much time in commercial zones of terminals for retail,meals,and other services.Enhancing the study of thermal comfort in this local space is necessary.The climate in the Eastern China Region is variable and complex,making it more challenging to maintain the indoor thermal environment.This study conducted field measurements in winter in a commercial zone of one terminal to assess the thermal environment.Numerical simulations and PMV-PPD analyses were performed using the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)program The results showed that the overall humidity in the commercial zone was low.There were notable differences in the temperatures and velocities of supply air among different air vents on the commercial island.Based on these initial conditions obtained by measurements,the simulations showed that localized areas under the breathing plane are either too hot(24℃and above)or too cold(18℃and below).The dissatisfaction percentage of the population exceeds 27%.This paper proposed that through enhancements in the air vent dimensions,layout,and air supply conditions,the temperature can be maintained in the range of 20-24℃.Furthermore,the PMV could be controlled within the range of-0.5 to 0.5.PPD was below 10%,reflecting compliance with Class I heating standards.Overall,findings from this study provide a less costly modification for thermal comfort improvement in commercial zones,and serve as a reference for the design and operation of air-conditioning systems to ensure thermal comfort in airport terminals’commercial zones.展开更多
Seasonal cycles are essential components of weather and climatic systems. This study utilized observational data from a meteorological station on an island in the South China Sea from 1961 to 2020, along with ERA5 rea...Seasonal cycles are essential components of weather and climatic systems. This study utilized observational data from a meteorological station on an island in the South China Sea from 1961 to 2020, along with ERA5 reanalysis data, to explore the variations in seasonal cycles and thermal comfort characteristics on the island. The observational data revealed that the onset of summer on the island occurred earlier each year, whereas the onset of autumn was gradually delayed,leading to an increase in the duration of summer. Urbanization had played an important role in elevating local temperatures and extending the duration of summer. The thermal comfort index exhibited a clear upward trend annually, reflecting a shift towards warmer and less comfortable conditions due to urbanization. From 1961 to 2020, the annual average thermal comfort index indicated that 36 years(60%) were characterized by hot discomfort, and 24 years(40%) were within the comfortable range. The number of comfortable days per year on the island exhibited a declining trend. Urbanization markedly influenced the thermal comfort levels on the island, contributing to an annual increase in the number of hot discomfort days. However, the reanalysis data did not reflect the actual observed changes in the comfort characteristics on the island.展开更多
Research on tourism climate comfort is undergoing a paradigm shift from classic static assessment to intelligent dynamic sensing.Early models(such as temperature-humidity index and tourism climate index)established ba...Research on tourism climate comfort is undergoing a paradigm shift from classic static assessment to intelligent dynamic sensing.Early models(such as temperature-humidity index and tourism climate index)established based on data of meteorological stations laid the foundation for the discipline but were unable to meet the dynamic demands of climate change,spatial heterogeneity,and individual experience.Global climate change is reshaping the landscape of tourism comfort and driving the assessment to shift towards future risk prediction.Downscaling technology becomes the key to connecting global scenarios and local assessments.Remote sensing and Internet of Things technologies have constructed a"sky-ground"collaborative sensing network,achieving a revolution in data acquisition.Artificial intelligence and big data analysis serve as the intelligent core to drive research from description to prediction.The new paradigm has significant potential in improving assessment accuracy and timeliness,but also faces challenges such as data integration,model interpretability,interdisciplinary integration,and ethical privacy.In the future,it is needed to develop interpretable AI,construct climate digital twins,and promote full-chain coupling research.This transformation is not merely an upgrade of methods,but a fundamental shift in the study of philosophy from an"environment-centered"perspective to an"experience-centered"one,providing key scientific support for sustainable tourism.展开更多
The integration of phase change material(PCM)with building-integrated photovoltaic(BIPV)presents a compelling approach to enhance solar energy utilization and mitigate indoor thermal loads,contributing to energy-effic...The integration of phase change material(PCM)with building-integrated photovoltaic(BIPV)presents a compelling approach to enhance solar energy utilization and mitigate indoor thermal loads,contributing to energy-efficient and low-carbon building development.Traditional BIPV-PCM structures,however,struggle to balance PV efficiency and thermal insulation,particularly with varying PCM wall positions.To address this situation,this study introduces a novel double-PCM BIPV composite envelope(BIPV-dPCM).An experimentally validated dynamic heat transfer model was developed and used to perform a comparative simulation analysis with three reference systems to quantify the energy-saving potential of the BIPV-dPCM,focusing on PV output and wall insulation effectiveness metrics.Further dimensionless parametric analysis were carried out to investigate the systematic performance of the two PCMs at different relativities.In addition,the coupled working mechanism of the BIPV-dPCM system concerning the power generation performance and thermal insulation performance under transient variations is explored.It was found that the BIPV-dPCM showcases superior thermoelectric coupling performance compared to three alternative enclosures.Incorporating two PCMs significantly enhances electrical exergy efficiency by 11.66%and thermal exergy efficiency by 1.54%,surpassing other reference systems.The increase in PCM latent heat ratio has a limited effect on performance gain.Notably,as the PCM thickness ratio exceeds 1,the decline in P value decelerates,for every 0.5 increment in the g,the P value diminishes by merely 0.2%.The ideal h is identified between 1 and 1.5,with 1.5 being optimal for energy conservation objectives.Additionally,the self-sufficiency coefficient(SSC)of the BIPV-dPCM remains robust,sustaining a range of 55%to 65%over prolonged periods.This study offers novel perspectives and serves as a design reference for optimizing building energy systems and enhancing cooling efficiencies in subtropical climates.展开更多
NI Ping is an anchorwoman for CCTV. Because of this, she wins a lot of admirers. Among them was a girl who devoted her life to following Ni’s career. She was Zhao Ying, a 15-year-old student at Beijing No. 80 Middle ...NI Ping is an anchorwoman for CCTV. Because of this, she wins a lot of admirers. Among them was a girl who devoted her life to following Ni’s career. She was Zhao Ying, a 15-year-old student at Beijing No. 80 Middle School. Her small bedroom is virtually a shrine to Ni Ping. Her bookcase is filled with videotapes and magnetic tapes of programs hosted by Ni. Ni’s photographs are all over the walls. In addition, Zhao had created her own newsletter about her idol called Ni Ping’s Feature. Below the title of the newsletter, Zhao had written the展开更多
Netizen Comments:●"Bigger cities ofer more opportunities for young people from smaller towns to find wll-paid jobs.Remaining in their hometowns may hamper their dreams for awealthier life-usually insmaller citie...Netizen Comments:●"Bigger cities ofer more opportunities for young people from smaller towns to find wll-paid jobs.Remaining in their hometowns may hamper their dreams for awealthier life-usually insmaller cities and towns,only those who come from means,resoures and connections can lead prosperouslives."●"People in small ities and towns now have sgnifcantly improved material ifestyles.But big ities may offer more diverse and numerous cultural acivitis,such as theater,concerts and exibitions,which are often scarce in smaller places."'展开更多
The Place In some Shanghai restaurants,there are few sounds we want to hear more than that of tidy black-suited Japanese businesspeople pounding sake and being raucous.That's how you know you ve got a halfway dece...The Place In some Shanghai restaurants,there are few sounds we want to hear more than that of tidy black-suited Japanese businesspeople pounding sake and being raucous.That's how you know you ve got a halfway decent Japanese restaurant on your hands-these people like their home comforts,and are not wanting for restaurants catering to them in this city.展开更多
The Place In one form or another;Ken Walker has been helping homesick expats in Shanghai find a taste of home since Bubba's BBQ opened in Hongqiao in 2006.Sadly Bubba's exited the Shanghai dining scene,with Wa...The Place In one form or another;Ken Walker has been helping homesick expats in Shanghai find a taste of home since Bubba's BBQ opened in Hongqiao in 2006.Sadly Bubba's exited the Shanghai dining scene,with Walker moving on to Tex-Mex and Mexican food at Jalapeno,which was then renamed Bordertown on Weihai Lu(now closed).After a brief hiatus,the Bordertown team is back in action with a casual stall within the More Than Eat Complex on Julu Lu.展开更多
With the upgrading of tourism consumption patterns,the traditional renovation models of waterfront recreational spaces centered on landscape design can no longer meet the commercial and humanistic demands of modern cu...With the upgrading of tourism consumption patterns,the traditional renovation models of waterfront recreational spaces centered on landscape design can no longer meet the commercial and humanistic demands of modern cultural and tourism development.Based on scene theory as the analytical framework and taking the Xuan en Night Banquet Project in Enshi as a case study,this paper explores the design pathway for transforming waterfront areas in tourism cities from"spatial reconstruction"to"scene construction".The study argues that waterfront space renewal should transcend mere physical renovation.By implementing three core strategies:spatial narrative framework,ecological industry creation,and cultural empowerment,it is possible to construct integrated scenarios that blend cultural value,consumption spaces,and lifestyle elements.This approach ultimately fosters sustained vitality in waterfront areas and promotes the high-quality development of cultural and tourism industry.展开更多
The fuzzy comfortability of a wind-sensitive super-high tower crane is critical to guarantee occupant health and improve construction efficiency.Therefore,the wind-resistant fuzzy comfortability of a super-high tower ...The fuzzy comfortability of a wind-sensitive super-high tower crane is critical to guarantee occupant health and improve construction efficiency.Therefore,the wind-resistant fuzzy comfortability of a super-high tower crane in the Ma’anshan Yangtze River(MYR)Bridge site is analyzed in this paper.First,the membership function model that represents fuzzy comfortability is introduced in the probability density evolution method(PDEM).Second,based on Fechner’s law,the membership function curves are constructed according to three acceleration thresholds in ISO 2631.Then,the fuzzy comfortability for the super-high tower crane under stochastic wind loads is assessed on the basis of different cut-set levelsλ.Results show that the comfortability is over 0.9 under the required maximum operating wind velocity.The low sensitivity toλcan be observed in the reliability curves of ISOⅡandⅢmembership functions.The reliability of the ISOⅠmembership function is not sensitive toλwhenλ<0.7,whereas it becomes sensitive toλwhenλ>0.7.展开更多
Rapid population growth in recent decades has intensified both the global energy crisis and the challenges posed by climate change,including global warming.Currently,the increased frequency of extreme weather events a...Rapid population growth in recent decades has intensified both the global energy crisis and the challenges posed by climate change,including global warming.Currently,the increased frequency of extreme weather events and large fluctuations in ambient temperature disrupt thermal comfort and negatively impact health,driving a growing dependence on cooling and heating energy sources.Consequently,efficient thermal management has become a central focus of energy research.Traditional thermal management systems consume substantial energy,further contributing to greenhouse gas emissions.In contrast,emergent radiant thermal management technologies that rely on renewable energy have been proposed as sustainable alternatives.However,achieving year-round thermal management without additional energy input remains a formidable challenge.Recently,dynamic radiative thermal management technologies have emerged as the most promising solution,offering the potential for energy-efficient adaptation across seasonal variations.This review systematically presents recent advancements in dynamic radiative thermal management,covering fundamental principles,switching mechanisms,primary materials,and application areas.Additionally,the key challenges hindering the broader adoption of dynamic radiative thermal management technologies are discussed.By highlighting their transformative potential,this review provides insights into the design and industrial scalability of these innovations,with the ultimate aim of promoting renewable energy integration in thermal management applications.展开更多
Effects of High Temperature and High Humidity on the Degree of Ocular Damage Caused by 60 GHz Millimeter Wave Exposure Masami Kojima1,2,Takafumi Tasaki3,4,Toshio Kamijo5,Aki Hada5,Yukihisa Suzuki5,Masateru Ikehata6,Hi...Effects of High Temperature and High Humidity on the Degree of Ocular Damage Caused by 60 GHz Millimeter Wave Exposure Masami Kojima1,2,Takafumi Tasaki3,4,Toshio Kamijo5,Aki Hada5,Yukihisa Suzuki5,Masateru Ikehata6,Hiroshi Sasaki1,2(1.Division of Vision Research for Environmental Health,Medical Research Institute,Kanazawa Medical University,Kahoku,Japan;2.Department of Ophthalmology,Kanazawa Medical University,Kahoku,Japan;3.Division of Protein Regulation Research,Medical Research Institute;4.Department of Medical Zoology,Kanazawa Medical University,Kahoku,Japan;5.Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Graduate School of Systems Design,Tokyo Metropolitan University,Tokyo,Japan;6.Comfort Science and Engineering Laboratory,Human Science Division,Railway Technical Research Institute,Tokyo,Japan)Abstract:Millimeter waves(MMW)are pervasive in society;however,studies on the biological effects of MMWexposure are usually performed in laboratory settings not reflecting global environmental diversity.We investigated the effects of a 6 min exposure to 60 GHz MMW(wavelength,5.0 mm)at incident power densities of 200 and 300 mW cm-2 in eyes(exposed right eyes vs.unexposed left eyes)under various ambient temperature/relative humidity environments(24℃/50%,45℃/20%,and 45℃/80%)using an in vivo rabbit model.Correlations were examined with adverse ocular events,including corneal epithelial damage(assessed using fluorescein staining),corneal opacity(evaluated by slit-lamp microscopy)。展开更多
悦读·明其义Conquering challenges,embracing growth克服挑战,拥抱成长Personal growth is a continuous journey that involves learning and overcoming challenges.It helps us develop our skills and achieve our goals.For ...悦读·明其义Conquering challenges,embracing growth克服挑战,拥抱成长Personal growth is a continuous journey that involves learning and overcoming challenges.It helps us develop our skills and achieve our goals.For many,the journey begins with stepping out of our comfort zones and facing new challenges.Understanding ourselves is very important for personal growth.By knowing our strengths and weaknesses,we can find areas to improve.For example,if you have trouble speaking in public,you can join a speech club or practice in front of a mirror.This kind of self⁃reflection helps us see our limitations and turn them into opportunities for growth.展开更多
真题回顾(2024·海南·中考真题)A hug(拥抱)is a form of human touch that happens when two or more people hold each other closely.People hug for many different reasons in their lives.For example,if a child is sad...真题回顾(2024·海南·中考真题)A hug(拥抱)is a form of human touch that happens when two or more people hold each other closely.People hug for many different reasons in their lives.For example,if a child is sad,a parent may hug him or her to give comfort.Grown-ups may hug to show each other love.Friends may hug to show friendship.Members of a team may hug after winning a game to show happiness and encourage other team members.展开更多
A good friend is like a gentle breeze that blows away your gloomy mood,a beam of sunshine that warms your heart,and a guiding light that accompanies you on your journey.A true friend brings you comfort,joy,and encoura...A good friend is like a gentle breeze that blows away your gloomy mood,a beam of sunshine that warms your heart,and a guiding light that accompanies you on your journey.A true friend brings you comfort,joy,and encouragement.展开更多
Travel is not just about seeing new places;it's about seeing the world through new eyes.It's an opportunity to learn,to grow and to be inspired.This enlightening journey begins the moment we step out of our co...Travel is not just about seeing new places;it's about seeing the world through new eyes.It's an opportunity to learn,to grow and to be inspired.This enlightening journey begins the moment we step out of our comfort zones.展开更多
Air conditioning(AC)is essential for maintaining indoor comfort during Taiwan region’s hot and humid summers but significantly contributes to increased energy consumption.This study evaluates the effects of AC dutycy...Air conditioning(AC)is essential for maintaining indoor comfort during Taiwan region’s hot and humid summers but significantly contributes to increased energy consumption.This study evaluates the effects of AC dutycycling strategies on energy performance,thermal comfort,and operational costs in office environments.Duty-cycling was implemented using a building energy management system(BEMS),which remotely controlled the ON/OFF cycles of AC units.Five duty-cycling modes were tested,with some modes incorporating air circulation during OFF periods.Field measurements of energy consumption,temperature,humidity,and air velocity were conducted and integrated with thermal comfort analysis tools to calculate predictedmean vote(PMV)and percentage of dissatisfied(PPD)values.The objective was to achieve energy savings while maintaining acceptable thermal comfort levels.Results show that Mode A achieved the highest energy savings,reducing monthly consumption by 40.79%;however,it slightly exceeded the PMV threshold(+0.5)and recorded a PPD greater than 10%,indicating reduced occupant comfort.In contrast,Mode C provided a better balance,achieving a 27.61%reduction in energy consumption while maintaining a PMV of+0.28 and a PPD of 7.49%,both within acceptable comfort limits.Despite the energy-saving benefits,not all dutycycling modes ensured satisfactory thermal comfort.Additionally,the cost analysis revealed thatMode A achieved the lowest monthly electricity cost(NTD 8476.18/USD 263.38),whileMode C incurred a higher cost(NTD 10,363.00/USD 322.01),highlighting the trade-off between energy savings,comfort,and economic impact.展开更多
This paper explains how the optimized classrooms were selected and the results that were achieved by the optimizations carried out and finalized.The context of the research is the city of Concepción,in Chile.Virt...This paper explains how the optimized classrooms were selected and the results that were achieved by the optimizations carried out and finalized.The context of the research is the city of Concepción,in Chile.Virtual models of classrooms were evaluated using the Radiance software.We used a methodology that allowed us to determine the luminous conditions under different types of skies,seasons of the year and times of the day.The evaluation of the typologies was performed based on three defined criteria,in order to achieve the stated design objectives.We defined the optimal solutions for each orientation and,finally,we stated design recommendations for daylit classrooms to ensure the visual comfort of the students.These recommendations link all that found in the initial analysis with that found in the optimization stage.展开更多
基金supported by the Institution of Eminence,University of Delhi,grant number[IoE/2023-24/12/FRP].
文摘This research offers valuable insights into the relationship between land use and daytime climatic comfort in high-rise urban developments in Delhi.This city is navigating rapid urbanisation and facing critical environmental challenges like pollution,heat stress,land degradation etc.The study aims to enhance understanding of how diverse land use patterns influence thermal comfort by utilising satellite data from the Landsat/Resourcesat series for classification and MODIS for land surface temperature(LST)extraction.The findings highlight that regions with dense construction and limited green and blue spaces tend to experience lower levels of climatic comfort,with 17.17 Percent of Delhi’s geographical area feeling the adverse effects of the Urban Heat Island(UHI)phenomenon.On a positive note,40.20 Percent of the area is associated with high climatic comfort,primarily due to natural features such as vegetation and water bodies.Furthermore,the research indicates a noteworthy increase in land surface temperatures(LST)from 2000 to 2022,with peak recorded temperatures rising from 38.35℃ in 2000 to 47.27℃ in 2022.In summary,this study emphasises the importance of understanding and addressing the UHI effect in urban settings,providing constructive recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders dedicated to fostering improved livability and sustainability in urban environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52478098)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality(21ZR1444800)the Shanghai Sailing Program(21YF1430700).
文摘Passengers typically spend much time in commercial zones of terminals for retail,meals,and other services.Enhancing the study of thermal comfort in this local space is necessary.The climate in the Eastern China Region is variable and complex,making it more challenging to maintain the indoor thermal environment.This study conducted field measurements in winter in a commercial zone of one terminal to assess the thermal environment.Numerical simulations and PMV-PPD analyses were performed using the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)program The results showed that the overall humidity in the commercial zone was low.There were notable differences in the temperatures and velocities of supply air among different air vents on the commercial island.Based on these initial conditions obtained by measurements,the simulations showed that localized areas under the breathing plane are either too hot(24℃and above)or too cold(18℃and below).The dissatisfaction percentage of the population exceeds 27%.This paper proposed that through enhancements in the air vent dimensions,layout,and air supply conditions,the temperature can be maintained in the range of 20-24℃.Furthermore,the PMV could be controlled within the range of-0.5 to 0.5.PPD was below 10%,reflecting compliance with Class I heating standards.Overall,findings from this study provide a less costly modification for thermal comfort improvement in commercial zones,and serve as a reference for the design and operation of air-conditioning systems to ensure thermal comfort in airport terminals’commercial zones.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A6001,42475077)Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province。
文摘Seasonal cycles are essential components of weather and climatic systems. This study utilized observational data from a meteorological station on an island in the South China Sea from 1961 to 2020, along with ERA5 reanalysis data, to explore the variations in seasonal cycles and thermal comfort characteristics on the island. The observational data revealed that the onset of summer on the island occurred earlier each year, whereas the onset of autumn was gradually delayed,leading to an increase in the duration of summer. Urbanization had played an important role in elevating local temperatures and extending the duration of summer. The thermal comfort index exhibited a clear upward trend annually, reflecting a shift towards warmer and less comfortable conditions due to urbanization. From 1961 to 2020, the annual average thermal comfort index indicated that 36 years(60%) were characterized by hot discomfort, and 24 years(40%) were within the comfortable range. The number of comfortable days per year on the island exhibited a declining trend. Urbanization markedly influenced the thermal comfort levels on the island, contributing to an annual increase in the number of hot discomfort days. However, the reanalysis data did not reflect the actual observed changes in the comfort characteristics on the island.
基金Supported by the School-level Project of Sichuan Minzu College(XYZB2017ZB).
文摘Research on tourism climate comfort is undergoing a paradigm shift from classic static assessment to intelligent dynamic sensing.Early models(such as temperature-humidity index and tourism climate index)established based on data of meteorological stations laid the foundation for the discipline but were unable to meet the dynamic demands of climate change,spatial heterogeneity,and individual experience.Global climate change is reshaping the landscape of tourism comfort and driving the assessment to shift towards future risk prediction.Downscaling technology becomes the key to connecting global scenarios and local assessments.Remote sensing and Internet of Things technologies have constructed a"sky-ground"collaborative sensing network,achieving a revolution in data acquisition.Artificial intelligence and big data analysis serve as the intelligent core to drive research from description to prediction.The new paradigm has significant potential in improving assessment accuracy and timeliness,but also faces challenges such as data integration,model interpretability,interdisciplinary integration,and ethical privacy.In the future,it is needed to develop interpretable AI,construct climate digital twins,and promote full-chain coupling research.This transformation is not merely an upgrade of methods,but a fundamental shift in the study of philosophy from an"environment-centered"perspective to an"experience-centered"one,providing key scientific support for sustainable tourism.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023A1515010681)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.21622417)Special Projects in Key Fields of Guangdong Universities(2022ZDZX1005).
文摘The integration of phase change material(PCM)with building-integrated photovoltaic(BIPV)presents a compelling approach to enhance solar energy utilization and mitigate indoor thermal loads,contributing to energy-efficient and low-carbon building development.Traditional BIPV-PCM structures,however,struggle to balance PV efficiency and thermal insulation,particularly with varying PCM wall positions.To address this situation,this study introduces a novel double-PCM BIPV composite envelope(BIPV-dPCM).An experimentally validated dynamic heat transfer model was developed and used to perform a comparative simulation analysis with three reference systems to quantify the energy-saving potential of the BIPV-dPCM,focusing on PV output and wall insulation effectiveness metrics.Further dimensionless parametric analysis were carried out to investigate the systematic performance of the two PCMs at different relativities.In addition,the coupled working mechanism of the BIPV-dPCM system concerning the power generation performance and thermal insulation performance under transient variations is explored.It was found that the BIPV-dPCM showcases superior thermoelectric coupling performance compared to three alternative enclosures.Incorporating two PCMs significantly enhances electrical exergy efficiency by 11.66%and thermal exergy efficiency by 1.54%,surpassing other reference systems.The increase in PCM latent heat ratio has a limited effect on performance gain.Notably,as the PCM thickness ratio exceeds 1,the decline in P value decelerates,for every 0.5 increment in the g,the P value diminishes by merely 0.2%.The ideal h is identified between 1 and 1.5,with 1.5 being optimal for energy conservation objectives.Additionally,the self-sufficiency coefficient(SSC)of the BIPV-dPCM remains robust,sustaining a range of 55%to 65%over prolonged periods.This study offers novel perspectives and serves as a design reference for optimizing building energy systems and enhancing cooling efficiencies in subtropical climates.
文摘NI Ping is an anchorwoman for CCTV. Because of this, she wins a lot of admirers. Among them was a girl who devoted her life to following Ni’s career. She was Zhao Ying, a 15-year-old student at Beijing No. 80 Middle School. Her small bedroom is virtually a shrine to Ni Ping. Her bookcase is filled with videotapes and magnetic tapes of programs hosted by Ni. Ni’s photographs are all over the walls. In addition, Zhao had created her own newsletter about her idol called Ni Ping’s Feature. Below the title of the newsletter, Zhao had written the
文摘Netizen Comments:●"Bigger cities ofer more opportunities for young people from smaller towns to find wll-paid jobs.Remaining in their hometowns may hamper their dreams for awealthier life-usually insmaller cities and towns,only those who come from means,resoures and connections can lead prosperouslives."●"People in small ities and towns now have sgnifcantly improved material ifestyles.But big ities may offer more diverse and numerous cultural acivitis,such as theater,concerts and exibitions,which are often scarce in smaller places."'
文摘The Place In some Shanghai restaurants,there are few sounds we want to hear more than that of tidy black-suited Japanese businesspeople pounding sake and being raucous.That's how you know you ve got a halfway decent Japanese restaurant on your hands-these people like their home comforts,and are not wanting for restaurants catering to them in this city.
文摘The Place In one form or another;Ken Walker has been helping homesick expats in Shanghai find a taste of home since Bubba's BBQ opened in Hongqiao in 2006.Sadly Bubba's exited the Shanghai dining scene,with Walker moving on to Tex-Mex and Mexican food at Jalapeno,which was then renamed Bordertown on Weihai Lu(now closed).After a brief hiatus,the Bordertown team is back in action with a casual stall within the More Than Eat Complex on Julu Lu.
文摘With the upgrading of tourism consumption patterns,the traditional renovation models of waterfront recreational spaces centered on landscape design can no longer meet the commercial and humanistic demands of modern cultural and tourism development.Based on scene theory as the analytical framework and taking the Xuan en Night Banquet Project in Enshi as a case study,this paper explores the design pathway for transforming waterfront areas in tourism cities from"spatial reconstruction"to"scene construction".The study argues that waterfront space renewal should transcend mere physical renovation.By implementing three core strategies:spatial narrative framework,ecological industry creation,and cultural empowerment,it is possible to construct integrated scenarios that blend cultural value,consumption spaces,and lifestyle elements.This approach ultimately fosters sustained vitality in waterfront areas and promotes the high-quality development of cultural and tourism industry.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52108274,52208481,52338011)State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council(No.202306090285).
文摘The fuzzy comfortability of a wind-sensitive super-high tower crane is critical to guarantee occupant health and improve construction efficiency.Therefore,the wind-resistant fuzzy comfortability of a super-high tower crane in the Ma’anshan Yangtze River(MYR)Bridge site is analyzed in this paper.First,the membership function model that represents fuzzy comfortability is introduced in the probability density evolution method(PDEM).Second,based on Fechner’s law,the membership function curves are constructed according to three acceleration thresholds in ISO 2631.Then,the fuzzy comfortability for the super-high tower crane under stochastic wind loads is assessed on the basis of different cut-set levelsλ.Results show that the comfortability is over 0.9 under the required maximum operating wind velocity.The low sensitivity toλcan be observed in the reliability curves of ISOⅡandⅢmembership functions.The reliability of the ISOⅠmembership function is not sensitive toλwhenλ<0.7,whereas it becomes sensitive toλwhenλ>0.7.
基金the Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials of Shaanxi University of Science and Technology for funding this research workfinancially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (2207081675, 22278257, 22308209)+1 种基金the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province (2024SF-YBXM-586)the Project of Innovation Capability Support Program in Shaanxi Province (2024ZC-KJXX-005)
文摘Rapid population growth in recent decades has intensified both the global energy crisis and the challenges posed by climate change,including global warming.Currently,the increased frequency of extreme weather events and large fluctuations in ambient temperature disrupt thermal comfort and negatively impact health,driving a growing dependence on cooling and heating energy sources.Consequently,efficient thermal management has become a central focus of energy research.Traditional thermal management systems consume substantial energy,further contributing to greenhouse gas emissions.In contrast,emergent radiant thermal management technologies that rely on renewable energy have been proposed as sustainable alternatives.However,achieving year-round thermal management without additional energy input remains a formidable challenge.Recently,dynamic radiative thermal management technologies have emerged as the most promising solution,offering the potential for energy-efficient adaptation across seasonal variations.This review systematically presents recent advancements in dynamic radiative thermal management,covering fundamental principles,switching mechanisms,primary materials,and application areas.Additionally,the key challenges hindering the broader adoption of dynamic radiative thermal management technologies are discussed.By highlighting their transformative potential,this review provides insights into the design and industrial scalability of these innovations,with the ultimate aim of promoting renewable energy integration in thermal management applications.
文摘Effects of High Temperature and High Humidity on the Degree of Ocular Damage Caused by 60 GHz Millimeter Wave Exposure Masami Kojima1,2,Takafumi Tasaki3,4,Toshio Kamijo5,Aki Hada5,Yukihisa Suzuki5,Masateru Ikehata6,Hiroshi Sasaki1,2(1.Division of Vision Research for Environmental Health,Medical Research Institute,Kanazawa Medical University,Kahoku,Japan;2.Department of Ophthalmology,Kanazawa Medical University,Kahoku,Japan;3.Division of Protein Regulation Research,Medical Research Institute;4.Department of Medical Zoology,Kanazawa Medical University,Kahoku,Japan;5.Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Graduate School of Systems Design,Tokyo Metropolitan University,Tokyo,Japan;6.Comfort Science and Engineering Laboratory,Human Science Division,Railway Technical Research Institute,Tokyo,Japan)Abstract:Millimeter waves(MMW)are pervasive in society;however,studies on the biological effects of MMWexposure are usually performed in laboratory settings not reflecting global environmental diversity.We investigated the effects of a 6 min exposure to 60 GHz MMW(wavelength,5.0 mm)at incident power densities of 200 and 300 mW cm-2 in eyes(exposed right eyes vs.unexposed left eyes)under various ambient temperature/relative humidity environments(24℃/50%,45℃/20%,and 45℃/80%)using an in vivo rabbit model.Correlations were examined with adverse ocular events,including corneal epithelial damage(assessed using fluorescein staining),corneal opacity(evaluated by slit-lamp microscopy)。
文摘悦读·明其义Conquering challenges,embracing growth克服挑战,拥抱成长Personal growth is a continuous journey that involves learning and overcoming challenges.It helps us develop our skills and achieve our goals.For many,the journey begins with stepping out of our comfort zones and facing new challenges.Understanding ourselves is very important for personal growth.By knowing our strengths and weaknesses,we can find areas to improve.For example,if you have trouble speaking in public,you can join a speech club or practice in front of a mirror.This kind of self⁃reflection helps us see our limitations and turn them into opportunities for growth.
文摘真题回顾(2024·海南·中考真题)A hug(拥抱)is a form of human touch that happens when two or more people hold each other closely.People hug for many different reasons in their lives.For example,if a child is sad,a parent may hug him or her to give comfort.Grown-ups may hug to show each other love.Friends may hug to show friendship.Members of a team may hug after winning a game to show happiness and encourage other team members.
文摘A good friend is like a gentle breeze that blows away your gloomy mood,a beam of sunshine that warms your heart,and a guiding light that accompanies you on your journey.A true friend brings you comfort,joy,and encouragement.
文摘Travel is not just about seeing new places;it's about seeing the world through new eyes.It's an opportunity to learn,to grow and to be inspired.This enlightening journey begins the moment we step out of our comfort zones.
基金financial support by the National Science and Technology Council under grant no.NSTC 112-2221-E-167-017-MY3.
文摘Air conditioning(AC)is essential for maintaining indoor comfort during Taiwan region’s hot and humid summers but significantly contributes to increased energy consumption.This study evaluates the effects of AC dutycycling strategies on energy performance,thermal comfort,and operational costs in office environments.Duty-cycling was implemented using a building energy management system(BEMS),which remotely controlled the ON/OFF cycles of AC units.Five duty-cycling modes were tested,with some modes incorporating air circulation during OFF periods.Field measurements of energy consumption,temperature,humidity,and air velocity were conducted and integrated with thermal comfort analysis tools to calculate predictedmean vote(PMV)and percentage of dissatisfied(PPD)values.The objective was to achieve energy savings while maintaining acceptable thermal comfort levels.Results show that Mode A achieved the highest energy savings,reducing monthly consumption by 40.79%;however,it slightly exceeded the PMV threshold(+0.5)and recorded a PPD greater than 10%,indicating reduced occupant comfort.In contrast,Mode C provided a better balance,achieving a 27.61%reduction in energy consumption while maintaining a PMV of+0.28 and a PPD of 7.49%,both within acceptable comfort limits.Despite the energy-saving benefits,not all dutycycling modes ensured satisfactory thermal comfort.Additionally,the cost analysis revealed thatMode A achieved the lowest monthly electricity cost(NTD 8476.18/USD 263.38),whileMode C incurred a higher cost(NTD 10,363.00/USD 322.01),highlighting the trade-off between energy savings,comfort,and economic impact.
文摘This paper explains how the optimized classrooms were selected and the results that were achieved by the optimizations carried out and finalized.The context of the research is the city of Concepción,in Chile.Virtual models of classrooms were evaluated using the Radiance software.We used a methodology that allowed us to determine the luminous conditions under different types of skies,seasons of the year and times of the day.The evaluation of the typologies was performed based on three defined criteria,in order to achieve the stated design objectives.We defined the optimal solutions for each orientation and,finally,we stated design recommendations for daylit classrooms to ensure the visual comfort of the students.These recommendations link all that found in the initial analysis with that found in the optimization stage.
