A later heading date generally leads to higher grain yield in favorable ecological regions;however,grain yield reaches a limit as the heading date exceeds a certain threshold.Ghd7 is the first cloned major gene that r...A later heading date generally leads to higher grain yield in favorable ecological regions;however,grain yield reaches a limit as the heading date exceeds a certain threshold.Ghd7 is the first cloned major gene that regulates heading date,plant height and grain number.Here,we investigated the relationship between Ghd7 and florigen genes Hd3a and RFT1,to determine their roles in regulating heading date and grain number under different photoperiods.Our results revealed that under long-day(LD)conditions,Hd3a acts prior to RFT1 to promote heading while negatively regulating plant height and grain number.In contrast,Ghd7 positively regulates heading date,plant height,and grain number by inhibiting both Hd3a and RFT1.Under short-day(SD)conditions,the functions of Hd3a and RFT1 remain consistent with those under LD conditions,but Ghd7 does not inhibit their expression,resulting in a weaker phenotypic effect compared to Hd3a.Additionally,under both LD and SD conditions,increased Ghd7 expression enhances its inhibitory effect on Hd3a and RFT1,leading to later heading and increased grain number;however,once the heading date exceeds 94 d,grain number no longer increases.Moreover,the gn1a allele increased grain number by 16.5%to 42.5%,while combinations of the elite alleles from Ghd7,Hd3a,RFT1,and Gn1a significantly increased grain number by up to 240.9%.Therefore,we propose a new breeding strategy to optimize the heading date and grain number using the Ghd7Hd3aRFT1gn1a combination of Ghd7,Hd3a,RFT1,and Gn1a under LD conditions,and the Ghd7hd3aRFT1gn1a combination under SD conditions.This strategy improved the yield of the high-quality Northeast variety Kongyu 131(KY131)by 69.1%in Beijing and 93.7%in Hainan.This strategy will greatly improve the efficiency of north-to-south adaptation in rice,providing theoretical guidance for expanding the geographical adaptability of rice varieties.展开更多
Recently,Choe-Koo-Wang(J Funct Anal,2020,278)demonstrated the rigid phenomenon:The compact linear combination of composition operators under the Coefficient Non-cancellation Condition(CNC),implies that each difference...Recently,Choe-Koo-Wang(J Funct Anal,2020,278)demonstrated the rigid phenomenon:The compact linear combination of composition operators under the Coefficient Non-cancellation Condition(CNC),implies that each difference is compact on the weighted Bergman space in the unit disk.Motivated by the subtle connection of composition operator theory on the weighted Bergman spaces,Korenblum spaces and bounded holomorphic function spaces,we first explore the rigid phenomenon which also holds on the Korenblum space over the unit ball.Furthermore,we discuss which difference of composition operators is compact when the compact combination of composition operators does not satisfy the condition(CNC)on Korenblum spaces and bounded holomorphic function spaces over the unit ball setting.展开更多
Understanding the mechanical properties of coal-rock-bolt(CRB)combinations at high strain rates and the anchoring mechanism of bolts is crucial for ensuring the safety of coal mining operations.However,the dynamic beh...Understanding the mechanical properties of coal-rock-bolt(CRB)combinations at high strain rates and the anchoring mechanism of bolts is crucial for ensuring the safety of coal mining operations.However,the dynamic behaviors of these combinations,especially the mechanism of action of prestressed bolts,still need to be further investigated.This study carried out split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)tests on three sets of coal-rock(CR),CRB,and coal-rock-prestressed bolt(CRPB)combinations with different interface angles(β=15°,30°,45°,and 60°).The dynamic properties of the combinations were analyzed based on the stress-strain curve,energy dissipation,dynamic strength,fractal dimension of cracks,and failure mode of bolts.The test results show that a larger β will affect the stress transfer and anti-sliding ability of CR,resulting in a decrease in CR strength.The anchoring force of the bolt effectively suppresses the slip feature of CRB at the yield stage.As the strain rate increases,CRB shows a more pronounced'sudden increase'in strength,and the bolt significantly enhances its dynamic strength.The prestressed bolts enhance the dynamic strength of CRPB while weaken the effect of β.The fractal dimension of the macrocracks increases with strain rate,with smaller variations in CRB and CRPB,indicating that the bolt reduces the complexity degree of CRB and CRPB.The anchoring force of CRB depends on bolt strength,which reduces the slip along the interface.The anchoring force of CRPB balances the coal-rock slip and suppresses crack formation,resulting in a more cohesive response under dynamic load.展开更多
Effective isolation between the cement sheath and the sandstone is crucial for the development and production of oil and gas wells in sandstone formations.In this study,a cement-sandstone composite(CSC)was prepared,an...Effective isolation between the cement sheath and the sandstone is crucial for the development and production of oil and gas wells in sandstone formations.In this study,a cement-sandstone composite(CSC)was prepared,and based onμ-CT three-dimensional reconstruction imaging and finite element analysis(FEA)techniques,the stress distribution and potential failure mechanism at the cement-sandstone bonding interface under axial loading were analyzed.The key findings are as follows:(1)stress concentrations are highly likely to form at the gap between the cement and sandstone interface and around interfacial voids,with Von Mises stress reaching critical levels of 18.0-20.0 MPa at these locations,significantly exceeding the stress magnitudes in well-bonded regions;(2)the phenomenon of local stress concentration driven by interfacial defects can be identified as the main basis for predicting damage location in interfacial debonding and continuous shear under axial load;(3)ensuring tight cementation at the cement-sandstone interface and minimizing interfacial voids are paramount for preventing stress-induced failure;(4)the critical Von Mises stress value of 20 MPa at the interface defect can be used as a benchmark for material selection and designed to ensure long-term integrity in oil and gas well applications subjected to similar axial loads.These findings contribute to a more accurate understanding of the failure mechanism of the cement-sandstone interface and to the precise design of material properties,thereby ensuring the long-term integrity of oil and gas well applications subjected to similar axial loads.展开更多
Objective To observe the influence of different acupoint combinations on immediate effect of surface electromyography of patients with cervical spondylosis, and to explore the interactions and laws among different acu...Objective To observe the influence of different acupoint combinations on immediate effect of surface electromyography of patients with cervical spondylosis, and to explore the interactions and laws among different acupoint combinations. Methods Acupuncture in three kinds of different acupoint combinations was conducted on 90 patients with cervical spondylosis（three groups）： group A [distal point selection group： Kūnlún（昆仑 BL 60） and Hòuxī（后溪 SI 3）]; group B [local point selection group： Fēngchí（风池 GB 20） and Tiānzhù（天柱 BL 10）]; group C（distal and local point selection group： BL 60, SI 3, GB 20 and BL 10）. Self control before and after treatment was adopted to observe the mean value of surface electromyography（SEMG） amplitude, to measure the mean values of integrated electromyography（IEMG） and electromyography root mean square（RMS）, and to calculate the variation rate of electromyography amplitude of trapezius on the affected side of patients before and after acupuncture. The differences of influences of different acupoint combinations on immediate effect of surface electromyography were compared intra-group, and the differences among the three groups after acupuncture were also compared. Results According to the intragroup comparison before and after acupuncture, the differences of mean value of electromyography amplitude, variation rate of electromyography amplitude, IEMG and RMS were both statistically significant（all P〈0.05）. According to the inter-group comparison after acupuncture, the mean value of electromyography amplitude, variation rate of electromyography amplitude, IEMG and RMS varied in different degrees, however, the differences were not significant（all P〉0.05）; there was no significant difference in the total effective rate among the three groups（P〉0.05）. Conclusion Acupuncture treatment in different acupoint combinations can increase IEMG and RMS and reduce mean value of electromyography amplitude and variation rate of electromyography amplitude, enhance cervical vertebral stability and active contractility of muscle fiber, and improve the fatigue resistance of neck flexion; while, the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on cervical spondylosis has nothing to do with the distance or the number of selected acupoint.展开更多
The invertibility of combinations of two orthogonal projectors aP ＋ bQ - cPQ - dQP is researched by using the CSdecomposition of matrices and properties of orthogonal projectors. The Moore-enrose inverse of the combi...The invertibility of combinations of two orthogonal projectors aP ＋ bQ - cPQ - dQP is researched by using the CSdecomposition of matrices and properties of orthogonal projectors. The Moore-enrose inverse of the combinations is presented under some special conditions.展开更多
In this paper, linear combinations of composition operators acting on weighted Dirichlet spaces are studied. By using the first derivative of the kernel function, we obtain a lower estimate for the essential norms of ...In this paper, linear combinations of composition operators acting on weighted Dirichlet spaces are studied. By using the first derivative of the kernel function, we obtain a lower estimate for the essential norms of these operators acting on the Dirichlet space D and S2. For general weighted Dirichlet space, by using complex interpolation methods, we characterize the compactness of these operators induced by linear fractional self-maps of the disk.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the production performance of three pig cultivars through their fattening performance, carcass traits and meat quality for facilitating its application in practical...[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the production performance of three pig cultivars through their fattening performance, carcass traits and meat quality for facilitating its application in practical production. [ Method] Three pig cultivars were selected including Yesong （ F1 hybrid of pure-bred wild boar cross with songliao black sow as female parent） hybrid pigs, D × L × Y pigs from three-way cross and L x Y pigs from two-way cross. The test pigs in early period （before 60 kg） and late period （after 60 kg） were all fed with diets of the same nutritional level by free feeding and drinking water. The pre-test period was 3 d, while the test period was 120 d. Every 30 days, pigs with an empty stomach were weighed on morning, and when fattening to 120 d, five pigs with good growth and development in each cultivar were selected for slaughter to determine carcass traits and meat quality. [ Result] Under the same diets and feeding conditions, average daily gain and weight gain in the whole period of pigs from three-way cross were all significantly higher than those of pigs from two-way cross, and also extremely higher than those of Yesong pigs. There was no difference in dressed carcass percentage, backfat thickness and proportion of hind leg among three hybrid combinations. Lean meat percentage and eye muscle area of pigs from three-way cross and pigs from two-way cross were all significantly higher than those of Yesong pigs. Yesong pigs had relatively darker carnation, but marble vein （P〈0.05） and water loss rate （P〈0. 01 ） of Yesong pigs were relatively fewer than those of pigs from two-way cross and pigs from three-way cross. Shear force of Yesong pigs was significantly higher than that of pigs from two-way cross and pigs from three-way cross, [ Conclusion] Yesong hybrid pigs make full use of heterosis between wild pigs and Songliao black pigs for improvement of its meat quality, but some values of major economic traits in Yesong hybrid pigs is still lower than those in pigs from thrae-way cross and pigs from two-way cress.展开更多
In this paper, we characterize the pointwise rate of convergence for the combinations of the Baskakov operators using the Ditzian-Totik modulus of smoothness.
BACKGROUND Fixed ratio combinations(FRCs)of analogue basal insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are a newer addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.The...BACKGROUND Fixed ratio combinations(FRCs)of analogue basal insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are a newer addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.They reduce treatment complexity by combining two injectables in a single daily injectable,thus potentially improving adherence and persistence.Clinicians wanting to use FRCs would need to choose between members of the class.AIM To describe and contrast the glycated haemoglobin reduction of two FRCs of analogue basal insulin and glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS The following Population,Intervention,Comparison,Outcome question was used for the primary analysis:Among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[P],what is the effect of iGlarLixi[I]compared to IDegLira[C]for bringing about glycaemic control(as measured by reduction in glycosylated haemoglobin)[O]?The Prisma Statement was used as a guideline for framing this systematic review.We searched PubMed,EMBASE and Cochrane library databases and Clinicaltrials.gov using various keywords and medical search headings related to type 2 diabetes mellitus,iGlarlixi,IDegLira and glycated haemoglobin A1c.RESULTS All 14 studies identified by the systematic search met the primary efficacy endpoint of reduction in glycated haemoglobin.There were no head-to-head studies between the FRCs of iGlarlixi and IDegLira,and we therefore did an indirect comparison based on a common comparator of insulin glargine U100.Both iGlarLixi and IDegLira effectively reduce glycated haemoglobin when compared to insulin glargine U100.However,using indirect comparisons,IDegLira had a greater haemoglobin A1c reducing ability(0.6%vs 0.3%).The indirect comparison is limited by the differences between the studies;the fasting blood glucose targets were slightly higher for iGlarLixi studies when compared to the IDegLira studies(4.0-5.0 mmol/L and 4.4-5.6 mmol/L),and the IDegLira study used a greater average dose of insulin glargine when compared to the iGlarLixi studies(66 U/d vs 40 U/d).CONCLUSION Both iGlarLixi and IDegLira effectively reduce glycated haemoglobin.Indirect comparisons,using insulin glargine as the common comparator,suggest that IDegLira reduces glycated haemoglobin to a greater extent than iGlarLixi.However,given the limitations of indirect comparisons,robust head to head studies and real-world data would better inform clinician choice and clinical practice guidelines.展开更多
During 2000-2013, totally ten high-amylose specific hybrid rice combinations approved and five combinations for production test were bred in Sichuan Province. In the paper, rice yield, economic traits, quality indicat...During 2000-2013, totally ten high-amylose specific hybrid rice combinations approved and five combinations for production test were bred in Sichuan Province. In the paper, rice yield, economic traits, quality indicators and rice blast-resistance identification results of these 15 hybrid combinations were described and analyzed. Results show that Chuanxiangyou37 and Tianlongyou540 have relatively high amylose content, good yielding ability, high resistance and appropriate growth period, which are new hybrid rice varieties with organic combination of high amylase content, high gel consistency, high yield, stable yield and wide adaptability. Therefore, Chuanxiangyou37 and Tianlongyou540 are recommended as the main combination for rice production.展开更多
The autonomous route planning in coverage search is an important subject of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) mission planning. Pre-planning is simple and feasible for the coverage search mission of single UAV in regular a...The autonomous route planning in coverage search is an important subject of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) mission planning. Pre-planning is simple and feasible for the coverage search mission of single UAV in regular areas. As to the dynamic mission in complicated environment of multi-UAV, the route planning will encounter the difficulties of reasonable task distribution and the real-time environment changes which include the changes of the mission area, the detection of threat area, the interference of communication and so on. At this point, making the UAV to do real-time autonomous planning is necessary. However, it is hard to fulfil requirements of real-time, autonomous and efficient at the same time. According to a scalable knowledge base,this paper proposes a coverage search algorithm which is based on the mapping between the basic behavior combination and surroundings. A UAV's coverage search simulation model with random shapes is built with a discrete map to update the environment and the changes of the mission on time. Comparison of the simulation analysis and the dynamic programming shows that the method has amazing expandability and can change the search strategy feasibly. It is efficient, and the ratio of coverage redundancy can be decreased to 1.21. It also has the potentiality in real-time calculation, and the computing time can be shortened to about 2 s.展开更多
In recent years,studies have explored different combinations of immunotherapy and chemotherapy.The rationale behind these is the improved survival outcomes of new immunologic therapies used in first-line-treatment of ...In recent years,studies have explored different combinations of immunotherapy and chemotherapy.The rationale behind these is the improved survival outcomes of new immunologic therapies used in first-line-treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Moreover,for the most-studied combinations of anti-programed death-1(PD-1)/programed death ligand-1(PD-L1)with the addition of platinumbased chemotherapy,recent research is investigating whether combining different immunologic antitumoral mechanisms of action,such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4,or anti-PD-L1 and anti-TIGIT,with or without chemotherapy,can improve efficacy outcomes compared with more classical combinations,or compared with standard chemotherapy alone.Here,we present the data of the main randomized studies that have evaluated these combinations,focusing on the basic rationale behind the different combinations,and the efficacy and tolerability data available to date.展开更多
Ten healthy weaning piglets of Landrace x Yorkshire （LY） in good body condition with body weight of （24 ± 1.27） kg were selected, and ten weaning piglets of Berkshire × LY （BLY） and Duroc × LY （...Ten healthy weaning piglets of Landrace x Yorkshire （LY） in good body condition with body weight of （24 ± 1.27） kg were selected, and ten weaning piglets of Berkshire × LY （BLY） and Duroc × LY （DLY） with similar situation were also selected respectively to study the growth performance of different cross combinations. Three groups of experimental pigs were bred with conventional diet. The results showed that the average dry matter intakes of combinations of BLY and DLY were slightly decreased by 4.97% and 5.47% compared with the combination of LY, while average daily gain was significantly increased by 3.13% and 1.14%, and feed-weight ratio was decreased by 7.94% and 6.35%, respectively; economic benefit per pig was increased by 0.61 and 0.41 yuan, respectively. The combinations of BLY and DLY have better growth performance, which can be promoted in the production.展开更多
In order to study the excitation of large-volume airgun source with different combinations in Hutubi,Xinjiang,China,we conducted a targeted experiment.The method of timefrequency analysis is used to study the signals ...In order to study the excitation of large-volume airgun source with different combinations in Hutubi,Xinjiang,China,we conducted a targeted experiment.The method of timefrequency analysis is used to study the signals recorded by a seismometer on the shore of the excited pool,and it is concluded that different gun combinations will lead to different frequency of bubble pulse signals.Besides,linear combination method is used to analyze the signal-to-noise ratios of signals excited by different gun combinations which was recorded by seismic stations around the airgun source.In order to improve the signal-tonoise ratios,it is more effective to increase the activation energy(the number of excited guns at the same time)than to stack the excited signals with smaller energy repeatedly.展开更多
We have examined the effects of environmentally realistic concentrations of widely used pesticides and fertilizers for rice paddy in Western Ghats regions of India on chlorophyll and zooplankton production using a lab...We have examined the effects of environmentally realistic concentrations of widely used pesticides and fertilizers for rice paddy in Western Ghats regions of India on chlorophyll and zooplankton production using a laboratory mesocosm. Malathion (100 μg·L-1), Cypermethrin (25 μg·L-1), Nitrate-nitrogen (8 mg·L-1) and Phosphate-phosphorus (8 mg·L-1) in different combinations such as pesticide-pesticide and pesticide-fertilizer were tested in fully factorial manner for a period of 42 days. Study revealed that, chlorophyll production was supported by addition of fertilizers, while combinations of fertilizers with either one or two pesticides reduce the zooplankton density and diversity rendering chlorophyll concentration more than control groups. This could indicate the reason for eutrophication of ponds located in agro-ecosystems. Single application of combinations of pesticides (in spite of presence of fertilizers) even at low concentrations can produce severe negative effects on several taxonomic groups zooplankton living in small shallow water.展开更多
In this paper, we discuss the average errors of function approximation by linear combinations of Bernstein operators. The strongly asymptotic orders for the average errors of the combinations of Bernstein operators se...In this paper, we discuss the average errors of function approximation by linear combinations of Bernstein operators. The strongly asymptotic orders for the average errors of the combinations of Bernstein operators sequence are determined on the Wiener space.展开更多
Blastomycosis, the systemic fungal infection of humans and animals, has presented a diagnostic challenge to clinicians and laboratory personnel for many years. Our laboratory has been concentrating on attempting to de...Blastomycosis, the systemic fungal infection of humans and animals, has presented a diagnostic challenge to clinicians and laboratory personnel for many years. Our laboratory has been concentrating on attempting to develop antigenic reagents from the yeast phase of various isolates of Blastomyces dermatitidis and to evaluate these lysate antigens with regard to antibody detection in blastomycosis. The aim of this current study was to evaluate yeast phase antigens prepared from four dog isolates of B. dermatitidis and to evaluate their efficacy, when used individually or in combination, for antibody detection in sera from dogs with blastomycosis. Mean absorbance values using the ELISA to assay 24 serum specimens (Trial 1) ranged from 0.588 with an individual lysate antigen to 0.992 when three reagents were combined. Eight of the lysates exhibited mean absorbance values ranging from 0.992 to 0.915 with 7 out of 8 being lysate antigen combinations. Mean absorbance values with the other 6 lysates ranged from 0.899 to 0.588. In Trial 2, the 6 most sensitive reagents from Trial 1 were assayed against 10 highly reactive dog sera. The results of Trial 2 showed that 5 antigen combinations detected antibody to a greater degree than the individual lysate antigen. Combinations of northern and southern antigens were able to detect antibody in serum specimens from either of these geographical regions. Comparative studies are continuing to further evaluate various lysate antigen combinations for antibody detection in blastomycosis.展开更多
Agricultural, pharmaceutical, and other biologically active substances are emptied or leach into waterways and groundwater, where they can dose-relatedly cause pharmacologic or toxic effects on the resident or depende...Agricultural, pharmaceutical, and other biologically active substances are emptied or leach into waterways and groundwater, where they can dose-relatedly cause pharmacologic or toxic effects on the resident or dependent animal species. Standard methods can be used to evaluate the effects of individual substances, but evaluation of combinations of substances is more difficult. The mathematically rigorous method of isobolographic analysis was coupled with a simple in vivo invertebrate model. Planarians were selected because they are the lowest extant species with a centralized nervous system. Neostigmine bromide and monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) were selected as representative of two types of potential pollutants. Neostigmine bromide and KH2PO4 individually produced dose-related lethality over a 60-minute observation period with LD50 values of 122 and 70 mM, respectively. The LD50 value of a 1:1 combination of the two was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the isobolographic line of additivity. We used planarians as a representative fresh-water species and joint-action (‘isobolographic’) analysis to examine possible interaction between pollutants. In the demonstrative example reported here, there was a subadditive interaction between a 1:1 fixed-ratio combination of neostigmine bromide (as a representative acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in pesticides) and potassium phosphate (used in fertilizers and detergents).展开更多
We prove a pointwise characterization result for combinations of Bernstein polynomials. The main result of this paper includes an equivalence theorem of H. Berens and G. G. Lorentz as a special case.
基金supported by grants from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24010101)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD04077)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1001200)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LD24C130001)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP)of CAAS。
文摘A later heading date generally leads to higher grain yield in favorable ecological regions;however,grain yield reaches a limit as the heading date exceeds a certain threshold.Ghd7 is the first cloned major gene that regulates heading date,plant height and grain number.Here,we investigated the relationship between Ghd7 and florigen genes Hd3a and RFT1,to determine their roles in regulating heading date and grain number under different photoperiods.Our results revealed that under long-day(LD)conditions,Hd3a acts prior to RFT1 to promote heading while negatively regulating plant height and grain number.In contrast,Ghd7 positively regulates heading date,plant height,and grain number by inhibiting both Hd3a and RFT1.Under short-day(SD)conditions,the functions of Hd3a and RFT1 remain consistent with those under LD conditions,but Ghd7 does not inhibit their expression,resulting in a weaker phenotypic effect compared to Hd3a.Additionally,under both LD and SD conditions,increased Ghd7 expression enhances its inhibitory effect on Hd3a and RFT1,leading to later heading and increased grain number;however,once the heading date exceeds 94 d,grain number no longer increases.Moreover,the gn1a allele increased grain number by 16.5%to 42.5%,while combinations of the elite alleles from Ghd7,Hd3a,RFT1,and Gn1a significantly increased grain number by up to 240.9%.Therefore,we propose a new breeding strategy to optimize the heading date and grain number using the Ghd7Hd3aRFT1gn1a combination of Ghd7,Hd3a,RFT1,and Gn1a under LD conditions,and the Ghd7hd3aRFT1gn1a combination under SD conditions.This strategy improved the yield of the high-quality Northeast variety Kongyu 131(KY131)by 69.1%in Beijing and 93.7%in Hainan.This strategy will greatly improve the efficiency of north-to-south adaptation in rice,providing theoretical guidance for expanding the geographical adaptability of rice varieties.
基金supported by National Science Foundations of China(Grant No.11771340,12171373).
文摘Recently,Choe-Koo-Wang(J Funct Anal,2020,278)demonstrated the rigid phenomenon:The compact linear combination of composition operators under the Coefficient Non-cancellation Condition(CNC),implies that each difference is compact on the weighted Bergman space in the unit disk.Motivated by the subtle connection of composition operator theory on the weighted Bergman spaces,Korenblum spaces and bounded holomorphic function spaces,we first explore the rigid phenomenon which also holds on the Korenblum space over the unit ball.Furthermore,we discuss which difference of composition operators is compact when the compact combination of composition operators does not satisfy the condition(CNC)on Korenblum spaces and bounded holomorphic function spaces over the unit ball setting.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52374119)the Province Education Department of Liaoning(Grant No.LJ212410146068)the opening fund of State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring and Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure,East China Jiaotong University(Grant No.HJGZ2023103).
文摘Understanding the mechanical properties of coal-rock-bolt(CRB)combinations at high strain rates and the anchoring mechanism of bolts is crucial for ensuring the safety of coal mining operations.However,the dynamic behaviors of these combinations,especially the mechanism of action of prestressed bolts,still need to be further investigated.This study carried out split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)tests on three sets of coal-rock(CR),CRB,and coal-rock-prestressed bolt(CRPB)combinations with different interface angles(β=15°,30°,45°,and 60°).The dynamic properties of the combinations were analyzed based on the stress-strain curve,energy dissipation,dynamic strength,fractal dimension of cracks,and failure mode of bolts.The test results show that a larger β will affect the stress transfer and anti-sliding ability of CR,resulting in a decrease in CR strength.The anchoring force of the bolt effectively suppresses the slip feature of CRB at the yield stage.As the strain rate increases,CRB shows a more pronounced'sudden increase'in strength,and the bolt significantly enhances its dynamic strength.The prestressed bolts enhance the dynamic strength of CRPB while weaken the effect of β.The fractal dimension of the macrocracks increases with strain rate,with smaller variations in CRB and CRPB,indicating that the bolt reduces the complexity degree of CRB and CRPB.The anchoring force of CRB depends on bolt strength,which reduces the slip along the interface.The anchoring force of CRPB balances the coal-rock slip and suppresses crack formation,resulting in a more cohesive response under dynamic load.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274026)the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2022YFC2806504)the CNOOC Research Project(No.KJGG-2022-17-04 and NO.KJGG-2022-17-05).
文摘Effective isolation between the cement sheath and the sandstone is crucial for the development and production of oil and gas wells in sandstone formations.In this study,a cement-sandstone composite(CSC)was prepared,and based onμ-CT three-dimensional reconstruction imaging and finite element analysis(FEA)techniques,the stress distribution and potential failure mechanism at the cement-sandstone bonding interface under axial loading were analyzed.The key findings are as follows:(1)stress concentrations are highly likely to form at the gap between the cement and sandstone interface and around interfacial voids,with Von Mises stress reaching critical levels of 18.0-20.0 MPa at these locations,significantly exceeding the stress magnitudes in well-bonded regions;(2)the phenomenon of local stress concentration driven by interfacial defects can be identified as the main basis for predicting damage location in interfacial debonding and continuous shear under axial load;(3)ensuring tight cementation at the cement-sandstone interface and minimizing interfacial voids are paramount for preventing stress-induced failure;(4)the critical Von Mises stress value of 20 MPa at the interface defect can be used as a benchmark for material selection and designed to ensure long-term integrity in oil and gas well applications subjected to similar axial loads.These findings contribute to a more accurate understanding of the failure mechanism of the cement-sandstone interface and to the precise design of material properties,thereby ensuring the long-term integrity of oil and gas well applications subjected to similar axial loads.
基金Supported by “The 12th five-year plan” programmed project of educational science in Hubei Province:2014B095
文摘Objective To observe the influence of different acupoint combinations on immediate effect of surface electromyography of patients with cervical spondylosis, and to explore the interactions and laws among different acupoint combinations. Methods Acupuncture in three kinds of different acupoint combinations was conducted on 90 patients with cervical spondylosis（three groups）： group A [distal point selection group： Kūnlún（昆仑 BL 60） and Hòuxī（后溪 SI 3）]; group B [local point selection group： Fēngchí（风池 GB 20） and Tiānzhù（天柱 BL 10）]; group C（distal and local point selection group： BL 60, SI 3, GB 20 and BL 10）. Self control before and after treatment was adopted to observe the mean value of surface electromyography（SEMG） amplitude, to measure the mean values of integrated electromyography（IEMG） and electromyography root mean square（RMS）, and to calculate the variation rate of electromyography amplitude of trapezius on the affected side of patients before and after acupuncture. The differences of influences of different acupoint combinations on immediate effect of surface electromyography were compared intra-group, and the differences among the three groups after acupuncture were also compared. Results According to the intragroup comparison before and after acupuncture, the differences of mean value of electromyography amplitude, variation rate of electromyography amplitude, IEMG and RMS were both statistically significant（all P〈0.05）. According to the inter-group comparison after acupuncture, the mean value of electromyography amplitude, variation rate of electromyography amplitude, IEMG and RMS varied in different degrees, however, the differences were not significant（all P〉0.05）; there was no significant difference in the total effective rate among the three groups（P〉0.05）. Conclusion Acupuncture treatment in different acupoint combinations can increase IEMG and RMS and reduce mean value of electromyography amplitude and variation rate of electromyography amplitude, enhance cervical vertebral stability and active contractility of muscle fiber, and improve the fatigue resistance of neck flexion; while, the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on cervical spondylosis has nothing to do with the distance or the number of selected acupoint.
基金Supported by the Hubei Normal University Research Grant (2008D54)
文摘The invertibility of combinations of two orthogonal projectors aP ＋ bQ - cPQ - dQP is researched by using the CSdecomposition of matrices and properties of orthogonal projectors. The Moore-enrose inverse of the combinations is presented under some special conditions.
文摘In this paper, linear combinations of composition operators acting on weighted Dirichlet spaces are studied. By using the first derivative of the kernel function, we obtain a lower estimate for the essential norms of these operators acting on the Dirichlet space D and S2. For general weighted Dirichlet space, by using complex interpolation methods, we characterize the compactness of these operators induced by linear fractional self-maps of the disk.
基金funded by National key Technology R & D Program (2008BADB2B02)
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the production performance of three pig cultivars through their fattening performance, carcass traits and meat quality for facilitating its application in practical production. [ Method] Three pig cultivars were selected including Yesong （ F1 hybrid of pure-bred wild boar cross with songliao black sow as female parent） hybrid pigs, D × L × Y pigs from three-way cross and L x Y pigs from two-way cross. The test pigs in early period （before 60 kg） and late period （after 60 kg） were all fed with diets of the same nutritional level by free feeding and drinking water. The pre-test period was 3 d, while the test period was 120 d. Every 30 days, pigs with an empty stomach were weighed on morning, and when fattening to 120 d, five pigs with good growth and development in each cultivar were selected for slaughter to determine carcass traits and meat quality. [ Result] Under the same diets and feeding conditions, average daily gain and weight gain in the whole period of pigs from three-way cross were all significantly higher than those of pigs from two-way cross, and also extremely higher than those of Yesong pigs. There was no difference in dressed carcass percentage, backfat thickness and proportion of hind leg among three hybrid combinations. Lean meat percentage and eye muscle area of pigs from three-way cross and pigs from two-way cross were all significantly higher than those of Yesong pigs. Yesong pigs had relatively darker carnation, but marble vein （P〈0.05） and water loss rate （P〈0. 01 ） of Yesong pigs were relatively fewer than those of pigs from two-way cross and pigs from three-way cross. Shear force of Yesong pigs was significantly higher than that of pigs from two-way cross and pigs from three-way cross, [ Conclusion] Yesong hybrid pigs make full use of heterosis between wild pigs and Songliao black pigs for improvement of its meat quality, but some values of major economic traits in Yesong hybrid pigs is still lower than those in pigs from thrae-way cross and pigs from two-way cress.
基金This research is supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘In this paper, we characterize the pointwise rate of convergence for the combinations of the Baskakov operators using the Ditzian-Totik modulus of smoothness.
文摘BACKGROUND Fixed ratio combinations(FRCs)of analogue basal insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are a newer addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.They reduce treatment complexity by combining two injectables in a single daily injectable,thus potentially improving adherence and persistence.Clinicians wanting to use FRCs would need to choose between members of the class.AIM To describe and contrast the glycated haemoglobin reduction of two FRCs of analogue basal insulin and glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS The following Population,Intervention,Comparison,Outcome question was used for the primary analysis:Among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[P],what is the effect of iGlarLixi[I]compared to IDegLira[C]for bringing about glycaemic control(as measured by reduction in glycosylated haemoglobin)[O]?The Prisma Statement was used as a guideline for framing this systematic review.We searched PubMed,EMBASE and Cochrane library databases and Clinicaltrials.gov using various keywords and medical search headings related to type 2 diabetes mellitus,iGlarlixi,IDegLira and glycated haemoglobin A1c.RESULTS All 14 studies identified by the systematic search met the primary efficacy endpoint of reduction in glycated haemoglobin.There were no head-to-head studies between the FRCs of iGlarlixi and IDegLira,and we therefore did an indirect comparison based on a common comparator of insulin glargine U100.Both iGlarLixi and IDegLira effectively reduce glycated haemoglobin when compared to insulin glargine U100.However,using indirect comparisons,IDegLira had a greater haemoglobin A1c reducing ability(0.6%vs 0.3%).The indirect comparison is limited by the differences between the studies;the fasting blood glucose targets were slightly higher for iGlarLixi studies when compared to the IDegLira studies(4.0-5.0 mmol/L and 4.4-5.6 mmol/L),and the IDegLira study used a greater average dose of insulin glargine when compared to the iGlarLixi studies(66 U/d vs 40 U/d).CONCLUSION Both iGlarLixi and IDegLira effectively reduce glycated haemoglobin.Indirect comparisons,using insulin glargine as the common comparator,suggest that IDegLira reduces glycated haemoglobin to a greater extent than iGlarLixi.However,given the limitations of indirect comparisons,robust head to head studies and real-world data would better inform clinician choice and clinical practice guidelines.
基金Supported by Financial Genetic Engineering Program of Sichuan Province during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period(2011JYGC11-029)Sichuan Innovation Team Program of National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of China+1 种基金Rice Breeding Program of Sichuan Province during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period(2011NZ-0098-1)Major Scientific and Technological Project of Luzhou City(2011-N-09)~~
文摘During 2000-2013, totally ten high-amylose specific hybrid rice combinations approved and five combinations for production test were bred in Sichuan Province. In the paper, rice yield, economic traits, quality indicators and rice blast-resistance identification results of these 15 hybrid combinations were described and analyzed. Results show that Chuanxiangyou37 and Tianlongyou540 have relatively high amylose content, good yielding ability, high resistance and appropriate growth period, which are new hybrid rice varieties with organic combination of high amylase content, high gel consistency, high yield, stable yield and wide adaptability. Therefore, Chuanxiangyou37 and Tianlongyou540 are recommended as the main combination for rice production.
基金the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2015M582881)
文摘The autonomous route planning in coverage search is an important subject of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) mission planning. Pre-planning is simple and feasible for the coverage search mission of single UAV in regular areas. As to the dynamic mission in complicated environment of multi-UAV, the route planning will encounter the difficulties of reasonable task distribution and the real-time environment changes which include the changes of the mission area, the detection of threat area, the interference of communication and so on. At this point, making the UAV to do real-time autonomous planning is necessary. However, it is hard to fulfil requirements of real-time, autonomous and efficient at the same time. According to a scalable knowledge base,this paper proposes a coverage search algorithm which is based on the mapping between the basic behavior combination and surroundings. A UAV's coverage search simulation model with random shapes is built with a discrete map to update the environment and the changes of the mission on time. Comparison of the simulation analysis and the dynamic programming shows that the method has amazing expandability and can change the search strategy feasibly. It is efficient, and the ratio of coverage redundancy can be decreased to 1.21. It also has the potentiality in real-time calculation, and the computing time can be shortened to about 2 s.
文摘In recent years,studies have explored different combinations of immunotherapy and chemotherapy.The rationale behind these is the improved survival outcomes of new immunologic therapies used in first-line-treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Moreover,for the most-studied combinations of anti-programed death-1(PD-1)/programed death ligand-1(PD-L1)with the addition of platinumbased chemotherapy,recent research is investigating whether combining different immunologic antitumoral mechanisms of action,such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4,or anti-PD-L1 and anti-TIGIT,with or without chemotherapy,can improve efficacy outcomes compared with more classical combinations,or compared with standard chemotherapy alone.Here,we present the data of the main randomized studies that have evaluated these combinations,focusing on the basic rationale behind the different combinations,and the efficacy and tolerability data available to date.
基金Supported by Research Program of Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province(QKH[2011]5020)
文摘Ten healthy weaning piglets of Landrace x Yorkshire （LY） in good body condition with body weight of （24 ± 1.27） kg were selected, and ten weaning piglets of Berkshire × LY （BLY） and Duroc × LY （DLY） with similar situation were also selected respectively to study the growth performance of different cross combinations. Three groups of experimental pigs were bred with conventional diet. The results showed that the average dry matter intakes of combinations of BLY and DLY were slightly decreased by 4.97% and 5.47% compared with the combination of LY, while average daily gain was significantly increased by 3.13% and 1.14%, and feed-weight ratio was decreased by 7.94% and 6.35%, respectively; economic benefit per pig was increased by 0.61 and 0.41 yuan, respectively. The combinations of BLY and DLY have better growth performance, which can be promoted in the production.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1503200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41474051)Earthquake Science Foundation of Xinjiang(201902)
文摘In order to study the excitation of large-volume airgun source with different combinations in Hutubi,Xinjiang,China,we conducted a targeted experiment.The method of timefrequency analysis is used to study the signals recorded by a seismometer on the shore of the excited pool,and it is concluded that different gun combinations will lead to different frequency of bubble pulse signals.Besides,linear combination method is used to analyze the signal-to-noise ratios of signals excited by different gun combinations which was recorded by seismic stations around the airgun source.In order to improve the signal-tonoise ratios,it is more effective to increase the activation energy(the number of excited guns at the same time)than to stack the excited signals with smaller energy repeatedly.
文摘We have examined the effects of environmentally realistic concentrations of widely used pesticides and fertilizers for rice paddy in Western Ghats regions of India on chlorophyll and zooplankton production using a laboratory mesocosm. Malathion (100 μg·L-1), Cypermethrin (25 μg·L-1), Nitrate-nitrogen (8 mg·L-1) and Phosphate-phosphorus (8 mg·L-1) in different combinations such as pesticide-pesticide and pesticide-fertilizer were tested in fully factorial manner for a period of 42 days. Study revealed that, chlorophyll production was supported by addition of fertilizers, while combinations of fertilizers with either one or two pesticides reduce the zooplankton density and diversity rendering chlorophyll concentration more than control groups. This could indicate the reason for eutrophication of ponds located in agro-ecosystems. Single application of combinations of pesticides (in spite of presence of fertilizers) even at low concentrations can produce severe negative effects on several taxonomic groups zooplankton living in small shallow water.
文摘In this paper, we discuss the average errors of function approximation by linear combinations of Bernstein operators. The strongly asymptotic orders for the average errors of the combinations of Bernstein operators sequence are determined on the Wiener space.
文摘Blastomycosis, the systemic fungal infection of humans and animals, has presented a diagnostic challenge to clinicians and laboratory personnel for many years. Our laboratory has been concentrating on attempting to develop antigenic reagents from the yeast phase of various isolates of Blastomyces dermatitidis and to evaluate these lysate antigens with regard to antibody detection in blastomycosis. The aim of this current study was to evaluate yeast phase antigens prepared from four dog isolates of B. dermatitidis and to evaluate their efficacy, when used individually or in combination, for antibody detection in sera from dogs with blastomycosis. Mean absorbance values using the ELISA to assay 24 serum specimens (Trial 1) ranged from 0.588 with an individual lysate antigen to 0.992 when three reagents were combined. Eight of the lysates exhibited mean absorbance values ranging from 0.992 to 0.915 with 7 out of 8 being lysate antigen combinations. Mean absorbance values with the other 6 lysates ranged from 0.899 to 0.588. In Trial 2, the 6 most sensitive reagents from Trial 1 were assayed against 10 highly reactive dog sera. The results of Trial 2 showed that 5 antigen combinations detected antibody to a greater degree than the individual lysate antigen. Combinations of northern and southern antigens were able to detect antibody in serum specimens from either of these geographical regions. Comparative studies are continuing to further evaluate various lysate antigen combinations for antibody detection in blastomycosis.
文摘Agricultural, pharmaceutical, and other biologically active substances are emptied or leach into waterways and groundwater, where they can dose-relatedly cause pharmacologic or toxic effects on the resident or dependent animal species. Standard methods can be used to evaluate the effects of individual substances, but evaluation of combinations of substances is more difficult. The mathematically rigorous method of isobolographic analysis was coupled with a simple in vivo invertebrate model. Planarians were selected because they are the lowest extant species with a centralized nervous system. Neostigmine bromide and monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) were selected as representative of two types of potential pollutants. Neostigmine bromide and KH2PO4 individually produced dose-related lethality over a 60-minute observation period with LD50 values of 122 and 70 mM, respectively. The LD50 value of a 1:1 combination of the two was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the isobolographic line of additivity. We used planarians as a representative fresh-water species and joint-action (‘isobolographic’) analysis to examine possible interaction between pollutants. In the demonstrative example reported here, there was a subadditive interaction between a 1:1 fixed-ratio combination of neostigmine bromide (as a representative acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in pesticides) and potassium phosphate (used in fertilizers and detergents).
文摘We prove a pointwise characterization result for combinations of Bernstein polynomials. The main result of this paper includes an equivalence theorem of H. Berens and G. G. Lorentz as a special case.
