Based on the investigation of colored-leaf plant resources in Hefei City,analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to construct a comprehensive evaluation system for colored-leaf plants in Hefei City.This system is comp...Based on the investigation of colored-leaf plant resources in Hefei City,analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to construct a comprehensive evaluation system for colored-leaf plants in Hefei City.This system is composed of three layers:leaf ornamental value,ecological adaptability,and other ornamental values,including 12 evaluation indicators.The landscape value of the 20 selected species of colored-leaf trees were comprehensively evaluated.The evaluation results show that 9 kinds of colored-leaf trees such as Ginkgo biloba and Tiadica sebifera are excellent(grade I,comprehensive evaluation value>3.5);7 species of colored-leaf trees such as Sophora japonica and Albizia juibissin are good(grade I 2.5≤comprehensive evaluation value≤3.5);4 types of colored-leaf trees such as Celtis sinensis and Pistacia chinensis are general(grade,comprehensive evaluation value<2.5).These results can provide theoretical references for the application of colored-leaf trees in uban green spaces of Hefei City.展开更多
For the quantitative analysis of colored-leaf plants in Tibet,the five-point sampling method is used for stratified investigation of garden plant communities in Tibet.(i)There are a total of 46 families,76 genera and ...For the quantitative analysis of colored-leaf plants in Tibet,the five-point sampling method is used for stratified investigation of garden plant communities in Tibet.(i)There are a total of 46 families,76 genera and 110 species of garden colored-leaf plants in Tibet,including 56 kinds of trees,40 kinds of bushes,9 kinds of herbs,4 kinds of vines and 1 kind of bamboo.There are too few colored-leaf herbs and bamboos,and there is a serious imbalance between evergreen and deciduous trees,between coniferous and broad leaved forests.(ii)The most widely applied families include Rosaceae(26),Salicaceae(12),Fabaceae(6),Aceraceae(5),Oleaceae(4)and Elaeagnaceae(4),accounting for 23.64%,10.91%,5.46%,4.55%,3.64% and 3.64% of the investigated colored-leaf plants,respectively.(iii)In terms of color,there are 55 kinds of red plants,43 kinds of yellow plants and 12 kinds of plants with other colors,accounting for 50.00%,39.09%and 10.91% of colored-leaf plants,respectively.There are 9 kinds of spring color leaf plants,63 kinds of autumn color leaf plants,29 kinds of constant color leaf plants,7 kinds of double color leaf plants and 2 kinds of spot color leaf plants,accounting for 8.18%,57.27%,26.36%,6.36% and 1.82% of colored-leaf plants,respectively,indicating that it is dominated by autumn color leaf and constant color leaf plants.(iv)In terms of importance value of trees,the top two are Salix alba(37.623)and Prunus cerasifera f.atropurpurea(26.063); in terms of importance value of bushes,the top three are Ligustrum × vicaryi Hort(22.577),Berberis thunbergii‘atropurpurea Nana'(18.987)and Platycladus orientalis Franco cv.Sieboldii(10.529); in terms of importance value of herbs,the top two are Taraxacum sherriffii(0.915)and Oxalis triangu laris cv.purpurea(0.326).(v)In terms of species abundance of colored-leaf plants,it is in the order of Nyingchi(94)> Lhasa(47)> Qamdo(43)> Shannan(34)> Xigaze(21)> Ali(7)> Nagqu(5).There are great differences between regions: it is highest in Nyingchi while it is lowest in Nagqu.Based on the main problems in the application of colored-leaf plants in Tibet,this paper makes the corresponding recommendations.展开更多
With the gradual improvement of living standard, the public demands on landscaping have focused more on quality than on quantity, and plant furnishing has grown from singular green plants to colored-leaf plants with m...With the gradual improvement of living standard, the public demands on landscaping have focused more on quality than on quantity, and plant furnishing has grown from singular green plants to colored-leaf plants with multiple layers. Confi guration of colored-leaf plants follows certain principles and patterns to enrich the beauty of plant landscaping, construct colorful urban green spaces, satisfy increasing application and aesthetic needs of the public, and reflect value of plant landscaping.展开更多
Brassinosteroids(BRs),a class of plant-specific steroidal hormones,play crucial roles in regulating various plant physiological functions,such as growth,development,and adaptability to the environment.Despite this bro...Brassinosteroids(BRs),a class of plant-specific steroidal hormones,play crucial roles in regulating various plant physiological functions,such as growth,development,and adaptability to the environment.Despite this broader role of BRs,previously published reviews mainly focused on the molecular mechanisms of BR-mediated regulation of vegetative and reproductive growth of model plants like Arabidopsis and some food crops,such as rice,maize,and wheat.While horticultural plants hold significant economic importance in modern agriculture,less attention has been paid to understanding the role of BRs in regulating the physiological functions of these plants.Given the lack of relevant reviews,this article aims to discuss the major roles of BRs in horticultural plants,particularly fruit and leaf development,whole plant architecture,and adaptive stress response.We also highlight key challenges and provide some future research directions for genetically improving horticultural plants by altering the BR signaling pathway.展开更多
The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense responses.LRR proteins can be divided into two categories:tho...The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense responses.LRR proteins can be divided into two categories:those containing LRR domains along with other structural elements,which are further subdivided into five groups,LRR receptor-like kinases,LRR receptor-like proteins,nucleotide-binding site LRR proteins,LRR-extensin proteins,and polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins,and those containing only LRR domains.Functionally,various LRR proteins are primarily involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress.Notably,the LRR protein family plays a central role in signal transduction pathways related to stress adaptation.In this review,we classify and analyze the functions of LRR proteins in plants.While extensive research has been conducted on the roles of LRR proteins in disease resistance signaling,these proteins also play important roles in abiotic stress responses.This review highlights recent advances in understanding how LRR proteins mediate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.Building upon these insights,further exploration of the roles of LRR proteins in abiotic stress resistance may aid efforts to develop rice varieties with enhanced stress and disease tolerance.展开更多
Myeloblastosis(MYB)transcription factors,particularly those in the R2R3 MYB subclass,are pivotal in plant growth,development,and environmental stress responses.As one of the largest transcription factor families in pl...Myeloblastosis(MYB)transcription factors,particularly those in the R2R3 MYB subclass,are pivotal in plant growth,development,and environmental stress responses.As one of the largest transcription factor families in plants,the MYB family significantly regulates plant secondary metabolism,including the biosynthetic pathways for phenylpropanoids,which are crucial for stress resistance.This review presents a comprehensive overview of MYB transcription factor classification and their regulatory mechanisms in plant metabolism and stress responses.We discuss the roles of MYB transcription factors in biotic stress resistance,such as defense against pathogens and pests,and in abiotic stress tolerance,including responses to drought and salinity.Special attention is given to the interactions of R2R3 MYB with other transcription factors and co-repressors,focusing on how these synergistic or antagonistic relationships modulate physiological processes.The multifunctional role of R2R3 MYBs in stress responses positions them as promising targets for enhancing crop resilience through genetic breeding.Furthermore,this review highlights potential applications of MYB transcription factors in developing stress-resistant crops and their utility in plant resistant breeding programs.展开更多
This research was carried out to identify the most effective plant species for air purification based on environmental factors. The existence of plants beside roadways can be considered a more efficient approach to im...This research was carried out to identify the most effective plant species for air purification based on environmental factors. The existence of plants beside roadways can be considered a more efficient approach to improving air quality and minimizing pollution exposure. The samples for this research were collected from various sites across the streets of Jeddah governorate. The primary sources of air pollution in the research area are vehicle traffic and emissions from cars. Eight species were gathered from various streets in Jeddah governorate, namely, Azadirachta indica, Senna sulfurea, Ziziphus spina-christi, Cordia sebestena, Tecoma stans, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Conocarpus lancifolius, and Ixora coccinea. The leaves of the studied plants were analyzed for secondary compounds using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Gas-chromatographic analyses revealed that bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was found in every plant. Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, a widespread environmental pollutant. Moreover, Cordia sebestena was the sole plant that contained Phenol, 2,2’-methylenebis [6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl] which is part of the phenols category. Environmental conditions can affect the production of secondary metabolites. By tracking the concentrations of these substances, researchers can evaluate the well-being of ecosystems and identify pollution.展开更多
In comparison with conventional experimental teaching methods,the implementation of the Motic digital microscope mutual system in the experimental teaching of medicinal botany has been demonstrated to be a highly effi...In comparison with conventional experimental teaching methods,the implementation of the Motic digital microscope mutual system in the experimental teaching of medicinal botany has been demonstrated to be a highly efficacious approach to enhance the teaching level of experimental courses in medicinal botany.The implementation of a digital microscope mutual system in experimental teaching not only enhances students practical skills in laboratory operations but also increases classroom efficiency.Furthermore,it supports personalized development among students while fostering innovative thinking,independent learning capabilities,and analysis and problem-solving skills.Additionally,this approach contributes to the enhancement of students scientific literacy.展开更多
Benzoxazinoids(BXDs)are a class of plant secondary metabolites that play pivotal roles in plant defense against pathogens and pests,as well as in allelopathy.This review synthesizes recent advances in our understandin...Benzoxazinoids(BXDs)are a class of plant secondary metabolites that play pivotal roles in plant defense against pathogens and pests,as well as in allelopathy.This review synthesizes recent advances in our understanding of the structural and functional diversity of BXDs,the independent evolutionary trajectories of their biosynthetic pathways across different plant species,their metabolic transformations in target organisms,and the opportunities and challenges of optimizing BXD biosynthesis in crops through metabolic engineering.Compared with monocotyledons,dicotyledons employ a more diverse set of enzymes to catalyze the core reactions of BXD biosynthesis.This functional divergence—yet biochemical convergence—between monocotyledons and dicotyledons exemplifies the convergent evolution of BXD biosynthetic pathways in plants.BXDs act not only as potent antifeedants,insecticides,and antimicrobials but also function as signaling molecules that induce callose deposition and activate systemic immunity,thereby enhancing plant resistance to biotic stress.Furthermore,BXDs shape the rhizosphere by modulating microbial communities through species-specific antimicrobial activities and microbial detoxification mechanisms,ultimately exerting allelopathic effects that alter soil chemistry and nutrient dynamics.The translational potential of BXDs is increasingly recognized by synthetic biology approaches,including artificial intelligence-driven enzyme optimization,heterologous pathway engineering,and gene-editing to enhance crop resistance.Despite these promising prospects,challenges remain in balancing metabolic trade-offs and mitigating ecological risks associated with persistent accumulation of BXDs.Future research integrating multi-omics,evolutionary genomics,and microbiome studies will be essential to fully harness BXDs for sustainable crop improvement and reduced reliance on synthetic agrochemicals.展开更多
Typhoid fever remains a major global health challenge,particularly in regions with limited access to clean water and sanitation.The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains of Salmonella...Typhoid fever remains a major global health challenge,particularly in regions with limited access to clean water and sanitation.The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi highlights the urgent need for alternative treatment strategies.Medicinal plants represent a promising avenue for addressing this crisis,as their bioactive compounds exhibit potent antibacterial properties.According to the World Health Organization,over 20,000 medicinal plant species have been identified as valuable resources for drug discovery,with more than 1,340 demonstrating antimicrobial activity and over 30,000 antimicrobial compounds isolated.Through an extensive review,key phytochemicals with anti-typhoid properties were identified,along with their mechanisms of action and supporting evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies.This review compiles data on plants with demonstrated anti-typhoid activity,highlights challenges such as standardization,regulatory frameworks,and integration into modern healthcare,and explores the role of omics technologies in advancing the discovery of novel plant-based antimicrobial agents.By discussing potential medicinal plant targets and intervention strategies,this work lays the groundwork for future research into plant-derived anti-infective therapies and contributes to the global effort to combat the growing threat of typhoid fever,particularly in resource-limited settings.展开更多
Treating municipal wastewater is essential to safeguarding both ecosystem integrity and public health.Although wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)significantly improve effluent quality,they also incur collateral enviro...Treating municipal wastewater is essential to safeguarding both ecosystem integrity and public health.Although wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)significantly improve effluent quality,they also incur collateral environmental burdens.In this investigation,a"gate-to-gate"Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)was conducted to analyze the environmental performance of two major WWTPs in Arequipa:La Escalerilla(Plant A,activated sludge)and La Enlozada(Plant B,trickling filters).The analysis was conducted using OpenLCA and the ReCiPe Midpoint(H)2016 impact assessment method,with a functional unit defined as 1 m^(3)of treated effluent.Energy consumption emerges as the primary driver for the climate change(GWP100),fossil depletion(FDP),and human toxicity(HTPinf)impact categories,accounting for approximately 75% to 85% of the total effects.Plant A,which requires 0.59 kWh/m^(3)of electricity,achieves superior nutrient removal reflected in a freshwater eutrophication potential of 1.92×10^(-6) kg P-eq/m^(3),and exhibits marginally higher CO_(2)-eq emissions(GWP100)(1.17×10^(-1) kg CO_(2)-eq/m^(3)).Conversely,Plant B consumes only 0.34 kWh/m^(3),resulting in a slightly lower GWP100(1.14×10^(-1) kg CO_(2)-eq/m^(3))and a significantly greater reduction in fossil depletion potential(FDP)(2.56×10^(-2) kg oil-eq/m^(3)vs.Plant A's 4.75×10^(-2) kg oil-eq/m^(3)),although it exhibits an elevated eutrophication potential of 4.10×10^(-6) kg P-eq/m^(3).Both plants meet discharge standards.This study shows that treatment technologies must balance efficiency and sustainability,with energy use being critical.As Peruvian LCA research is scarce,these results offer key insights for future policies.展开更多
This paper focuses on the technical management of concrete mixing plants.It introduces the whole-process engineering consulting model and elaborates on multifaceted aspects of technical management,including a matrix-b...This paper focuses on the technical management of concrete mixing plants.It introduces the whole-process engineering consulting model and elaborates on multifaceted aspects of technical management,including a matrix-based management framework,standardized design management pathways,cost early-warning systems,approval strategies,regulatory databases,etc.This paper also emphasizes the importance of innovations in collaborative management mechanisms for improving quality and efficiency.展开更多
The ability of plants to tolerate cold is a complex process.When temperatures drop or freeze,plant tissues can develop ice,which dehydrates the cells.However,plants can protect themselves by preventing ice formation.T...The ability of plants to tolerate cold is a complex process.When temperatures drop or freeze,plant tissues can develop ice,which dehydrates the cells.However,plants can protect themselves by preventing ice formation.This intricate response to cold stress is regulated by hormones,photoperiod,light,and various factors,in addition to genetic influences.In autumn,plants undergo morphological,physiological,biochemical,and molecular changes to prepare for the low temperatures of winter.Understanding cellular stress responses is crucial for genetic manipulation aimed at enhancing cold resistance.Early autumn frosts or late spring chills can cause significant damage to plants,making it essential to adapt in autumn to survive winter conditions.While the general process of acclimatization is similar across many plant species,variations exist depending on the specific type of plant and regional conditions.Different plant organs exhibit varying degrees of damage from cold stress,and by applying agricultural principles,potential damage can be largely controlled.Timely reinforcement and stress prevention can minimize cold-related damage.Research has shown that in temperate climates,low temperatures restrict plant growth and yield.However,the intricate structural systems involved remain poorly understood.Over the past decade,studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms that enable plants to adapt to and resist cold stress.The gene signaling system is believed to play a crucial role in cold adaptation,and researchers have prioritized this area in their investigations.This study critically examines plant responses to cold stress through physiological adaptations,including calcium signaling dynamics,membrane lipid modifications,and adjustments in antioxidant systems.These mechanisms activate downstream gene expression and molecular functions,leading to key resistance strategies.Additionally,we explore the regulatory roles of endogenous phytohormones and secondary metabolites in cold stress responses.This review aims to enhance our foundational understanding of the mechanisms behind plant cold adaptation.展开更多
Heavy metal(HM)accumulation in soil poses a major hazard to both ecological health and plant growth progressions.Cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),copper(Cu),chromium(Cr),arsenic(As),zinc(Zn),and nickel(Ni)are examples of HMs that...Heavy metal(HM)accumulation in soil poses a major hazard to both ecological health and plant growth progressions.Cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),copper(Cu),chromium(Cr),arsenic(As),zinc(Zn),and nickel(Ni)are examples of HMs that negatively impact the growth and development of plants,resulting in lower agricultural output and food safety concerns.Biochar(BC),a substance rich in carbon that is formed by pyrolyzing natural biomass,has demonstrated remarkable promise in reducing HM stress in polluted soils.Research has shown that BC effectively lowers plant uptake of metals,and enhances soil qualities,and encourages microbial activity.Besides,BC improves the fertility of soil,retention of water,and nutrient absorption,while it interacts with soil microbes to help mitigate the negative effects.However,a number of variables affect how effective BC is as a soil supplement,including the kind of BC used,the soil’s characteristics,and the metal’s qualities.This review delves into the mechanisms of BC’s interactions with HMs,its potential to mitigate stress caused by different metals,and the factors that influence its efficiency.Furthermore,it draws attention to the drawbacks and difficulties associated with using BC in heavy-metal-contaminated soils,offering suggestions for future studies focused on maximizing its utilization for long-term soil rehabilitation and sustainable agriculture.展开更多
To meet the demand for intelligent and unmanned development in thermal power plants,an intelligent inspection system has been designed.This system efficiently performs inspection tasks and monitors the operational par...To meet the demand for intelligent and unmanned development in thermal power plants,an intelligent inspection system has been designed.This system efficiently performs inspection tasks and monitors the operational parameters of key equipment in real-time.The collected data is uploaded to the monitoring center,allowing operation and maintenance personnel to access equipment information promptly.Data analysis is used to provide fault warning and diagnosis for critical equipment.The system employs the Pure Pursuit algorithm,which effectively avoids obstacles and ensures path continuity and stability.Simulation results show that the Pure Pursuit algorithm significantly improves the navigation accuracy and task efficiency of the inspection robot,ensuring the reliability of thermal power plant inspections.展开更多
Hardfacing of valve sealings in power plants with Inconel 625 alloy has been reviewed in this paper.The overlaying processes,over-lay microstructures,and weldability issues during the hardfacing process have been anal...Hardfacing of valve sealings in power plants with Inconel 625 alloy has been reviewed in this paper.The overlaying processes,over-lay microstructures,and weldability issues during the hardfacing process have been analyzed.The results indicate that almost all melting welding processes can be used for hardfacing of Inconel 625 alloy.During hardfacing,it is necessary to strictly control the penetration,reduce the overlay dilution rate,so as to prevent the formation of partially mixed zone(PMZ)and solidification crack.From the perspective of controlling the penetration,reducing the overlay dilution rate,and automated hardfacing,the most suitable process for hardfacing Inconel 625 alloy on the valve sealings in power plants is cold metal transfer(CMT)welding process.展开更多
In the context of energy structure transformation,digital and intelligent technologies have been introduced into the field of hydropower,which has accelerated the technological and equipment innovation of hydropower p...In the context of energy structure transformation,digital and intelligent technologies have been introduced into the field of hydropower,which has accelerated the technological and equipment innovation of hydropower plants.However,it has also brought severe challenges to the operation and maintenance of hydropower plants.Traditional hydropower plant operation and maintenance suffer from problems such as low efficiency,equipment aging,and high labor costs,which seriously hinder the innovation and upgrading of hydropower plant operation and maintenance.Therefore,this article focuses on the operation and maintenance of hydropower plants,summarizes a series of innovative strategies,and applies them in practice to effectively improve the operation and maintenance level of hydropower plants.展开更多
Global warming is making plants more susceptible to heat stress.Hence,adjustments to crop production systems are required for global food security.Heat stress(HS)poses a threat to the quality of ecosystems and global ...Global warming is making plants more susceptible to heat stress.Hence,adjustments to crop production systems are required for global food security.Heat stress(HS)poses a threat to the quality of ecosystems and global food security due to its adverse effects on plant development.The degree to which HS affects physiological disruptions,physical harm,and biochemical changes at various growth stages directly correlates with its effects on physiological functions,plant growth,and crop production.One promising approach is soil modification using biochar,which enhances soil health and promotes the development of microbial communities,ultimately improving plant heat tolerance.Biochar enhances soil structure,improves moisture retention,and increases nutrient availability in hot weather,thereby promoting plant growth and enhancing crop yields.Additionally,biochar,with its porous structure and ability to provide a liming effect,increases the diversity and activity of soil microbes,thereby fostering advantageous symbiotic relationships.These microbial communities support nutrient cycling,root growth,and general soil health,strengthening biochar’s position as a long-term solution for climate-resilient farming.Earlier research concentrated on the connection between biochar and heat stress or microbial populations;however,this review uniquely combines all three elements,providing a fresh viewpoint on their interrelated functions in enhancing plant adaptability.Furthermore,this study demonstrates the potential of biochar as a sustainable component for improving soil and supporting crops that adapt to heat stress.It examines the processes underlying these interactions and provides recommendations for future research strategies.展开更多
Cold stress widely impairs the quality and yield of tea plants. The miR164 family and its target NAC transcription factor have been identified as crucial regulators in response to cold stress. However, the role of miR...Cold stress widely impairs the quality and yield of tea plants. The miR164 family and its target NAC transcription factor have been identified as crucial regulators in response to cold stress. However, the role of miR164 and CsNAC in cold tolerance in tea plants was little understood. In our study, the expression level of CsMIR164a was significantly reduced under cold stress and significantly and negatively correlated with that of CsNAC1.5' RACE and GUS histochemical assays showed that CsNAC1 was cleaved by CsMIR164a. The CsMIR164a-silenced tea leaves promoted the expression levels of CsNAC1 and CsCBFs and exhibited greater cold tolerance. Also, the overexpression of CsNAC1 enhanced cold tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants by promoting the expression levels of AtCBFs. In contrast, the heterologous overexpression of CsMIR164a in Arabidopsis decreased the expression level of AtNACs and AtCBFs and thus impaired cold tolerance. Additionally, silencing of CsNAC1 impaired the expression levels of CsCBFs, resulting in greater cold sensitivity in tea leaves. Our present study demonstrated that the miR164a-CsNAC1 module may play a negative role in the cold tolerance of tea plants via the CsCBF-dependent pathway.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the Provincial Innovation Training Project for College Students of Anhui Xinhua University in 2023(S202312216044)Key Research Project of Natural Science in Universities of Anhui Province(2023AH051816)General Teaching Research Project of Anhui Province(2022jyxm665).
文摘Based on the investigation of colored-leaf plant resources in Hefei City,analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to construct a comprehensive evaluation system for colored-leaf plants in Hefei City.This system is composed of three layers:leaf ornamental value,ecological adaptability,and other ornamental values,including 12 evaluation indicators.The landscape value of the 20 selected species of colored-leaf trees were comprehensively evaluated.The evaluation results show that 9 kinds of colored-leaf trees such as Ginkgo biloba and Tiadica sebifera are excellent(grade I,comprehensive evaluation value>3.5);7 species of colored-leaf trees such as Sophora japonica and Albizia juibissin are good(grade I 2.5≤comprehensive evaluation value≤3.5);4 types of colored-leaf trees such as Celtis sinensis and Pistacia chinensis are general(grade,comprehensive evaluation value<2.5).These results can provide theoretical references for the application of colored-leaf trees in uban green spaces of Hefei City.
基金Supported by Key Project of National Science and Technology Support Program(2013BAJ03B00)
文摘For the quantitative analysis of colored-leaf plants in Tibet,the five-point sampling method is used for stratified investigation of garden plant communities in Tibet.(i)There are a total of 46 families,76 genera and 110 species of garden colored-leaf plants in Tibet,including 56 kinds of trees,40 kinds of bushes,9 kinds of herbs,4 kinds of vines and 1 kind of bamboo.There are too few colored-leaf herbs and bamboos,and there is a serious imbalance between evergreen and deciduous trees,between coniferous and broad leaved forests.(ii)The most widely applied families include Rosaceae(26),Salicaceae(12),Fabaceae(6),Aceraceae(5),Oleaceae(4)and Elaeagnaceae(4),accounting for 23.64%,10.91%,5.46%,4.55%,3.64% and 3.64% of the investigated colored-leaf plants,respectively.(iii)In terms of color,there are 55 kinds of red plants,43 kinds of yellow plants and 12 kinds of plants with other colors,accounting for 50.00%,39.09%and 10.91% of colored-leaf plants,respectively.There are 9 kinds of spring color leaf plants,63 kinds of autumn color leaf plants,29 kinds of constant color leaf plants,7 kinds of double color leaf plants and 2 kinds of spot color leaf plants,accounting for 8.18%,57.27%,26.36%,6.36% and 1.82% of colored-leaf plants,respectively,indicating that it is dominated by autumn color leaf and constant color leaf plants.(iv)In terms of importance value of trees,the top two are Salix alba(37.623)and Prunus cerasifera f.atropurpurea(26.063); in terms of importance value of bushes,the top three are Ligustrum × vicaryi Hort(22.577),Berberis thunbergii‘atropurpurea Nana'(18.987)and Platycladus orientalis Franco cv.Sieboldii(10.529); in terms of importance value of herbs,the top two are Taraxacum sherriffii(0.915)and Oxalis triangu laris cv.purpurea(0.326).(v)In terms of species abundance of colored-leaf plants,it is in the order of Nyingchi(94)> Lhasa(47)> Qamdo(43)> Shannan(34)> Xigaze(21)> Ali(7)> Nagqu(5).There are great differences between regions: it is highest in Nyingchi while it is lowest in Nagqu.Based on the main problems in the application of colored-leaf plants in Tibet,this paper makes the corresponding recommendations.
基金Sponsored by National Social Science Foundation of China(14BZX084)Teachers’Professional Ethics Education and Research Base of Hunan Provincial Institutes of Higher Education
文摘With the gradual improvement of living standard, the public demands on landscaping have focused more on quality than on quantity, and plant furnishing has grown from singular green plants to colored-leaf plants with multiple layers. Confi guration of colored-leaf plants follows certain principles and patterns to enrich the beauty of plant landscaping, construct colorful urban green spaces, satisfy increasing application and aesthetic needs of the public, and reflect value of plant landscaping.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 32030005,32470325,32400288)GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(grant 2023A1515110339)internal funding from Guangzhou University.
文摘Brassinosteroids(BRs),a class of plant-specific steroidal hormones,play crucial roles in regulating various plant physiological functions,such as growth,development,and adaptability to the environment.Despite this broader role of BRs,previously published reviews mainly focused on the molecular mechanisms of BR-mediated regulation of vegetative and reproductive growth of model plants like Arabidopsis and some food crops,such as rice,maize,and wheat.While horticultural plants hold significant economic importance in modern agriculture,less attention has been paid to understanding the role of BRs in regulating the physiological functions of these plants.Given the lack of relevant reviews,this article aims to discuss the major roles of BRs in horticultural plants,particularly fruit and leaf development,whole plant architecture,and adaptive stress response.We also highlight key challenges and provide some future research directions for genetically improving horticultural plants by altering the BR signaling pathway.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32072048 and U2004204)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFF1001200)+2 种基金China Rice Research Institute Basal Research Fund(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202404)Academician Workstation of National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya),Chinese Agricultural Academic Science(CAAS),(Grant Nos.YBXM2422 and YBXM2423)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS,China.
文摘The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense responses.LRR proteins can be divided into two categories:those containing LRR domains along with other structural elements,which are further subdivided into five groups,LRR receptor-like kinases,LRR receptor-like proteins,nucleotide-binding site LRR proteins,LRR-extensin proteins,and polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins,and those containing only LRR domains.Functionally,various LRR proteins are primarily involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress.Notably,the LRR protein family plays a central role in signal transduction pathways related to stress adaptation.In this review,we classify and analyze the functions of LRR proteins in plants.While extensive research has been conducted on the roles of LRR proteins in disease resistance signaling,these proteins also play important roles in abiotic stress responses.This review highlights recent advances in understanding how LRR proteins mediate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.Building upon these insights,further exploration of the roles of LRR proteins in abiotic stress resistance may aid efforts to develop rice varieties with enhanced stress and disease tolerance.
基金supported by the Faculty Startup Fund from Jining Medical University,the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.ZR2023QC309)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32102236)。
文摘Myeloblastosis(MYB)transcription factors,particularly those in the R2R3 MYB subclass,are pivotal in plant growth,development,and environmental stress responses.As one of the largest transcription factor families in plants,the MYB family significantly regulates plant secondary metabolism,including the biosynthetic pathways for phenylpropanoids,which are crucial for stress resistance.This review presents a comprehensive overview of MYB transcription factor classification and their regulatory mechanisms in plant metabolism and stress responses.We discuss the roles of MYB transcription factors in biotic stress resistance,such as defense against pathogens and pests,and in abiotic stress tolerance,including responses to drought and salinity.Special attention is given to the interactions of R2R3 MYB with other transcription factors and co-repressors,focusing on how these synergistic or antagonistic relationships modulate physiological processes.The multifunctional role of R2R3 MYBs in stress responses positions them as promising targets for enhancing crop resilience through genetic breeding.Furthermore,this review highlights potential applications of MYB transcription factors in developing stress-resistant crops and their utility in plant resistant breeding programs.
文摘This research was carried out to identify the most effective plant species for air purification based on environmental factors. The existence of plants beside roadways can be considered a more efficient approach to improving air quality and minimizing pollution exposure. The samples for this research were collected from various sites across the streets of Jeddah governorate. The primary sources of air pollution in the research area are vehicle traffic and emissions from cars. Eight species were gathered from various streets in Jeddah governorate, namely, Azadirachta indica, Senna sulfurea, Ziziphus spina-christi, Cordia sebestena, Tecoma stans, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Conocarpus lancifolius, and Ixora coccinea. The leaves of the studied plants were analyzed for secondary compounds using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Gas-chromatographic analyses revealed that bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was found in every plant. Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, a widespread environmental pollutant. Moreover, Cordia sebestena was the sole plant that contained Phenol, 2,2’-methylenebis [6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl] which is part of the phenols category. Environmental conditions can affect the production of secondary metabolites. By tracking the concentrations of these substances, researchers can evaluate the well-being of ecosystems and identify pollution.
基金Supported by Major Project of School-level Teaching Reform and Research of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(2022A006)。
文摘In comparison with conventional experimental teaching methods,the implementation of the Motic digital microscope mutual system in the experimental teaching of medicinal botany has been demonstrated to be a highly efficacious approach to enhance the teaching level of experimental courses in medicinal botany.The implementation of a digital microscope mutual system in experimental teaching not only enhances students practical skills in laboratory operations but also increases classroom efficiency.Furthermore,it supports personalized development among students while fostering innovative thinking,independent learning capabilities,and analysis and problem-solving skills.Additionally,this approach contributes to the enhancement of students scientific literacy.
基金supported by the Excellent Youth Science Project of Henan Natural Science Foundation(242300421110)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372129,32272038)Henan Provincial Nature Foundation Project(242300420151).
文摘Benzoxazinoids(BXDs)are a class of plant secondary metabolites that play pivotal roles in plant defense against pathogens and pests,as well as in allelopathy.This review synthesizes recent advances in our understanding of the structural and functional diversity of BXDs,the independent evolutionary trajectories of their biosynthetic pathways across different plant species,their metabolic transformations in target organisms,and the opportunities and challenges of optimizing BXD biosynthesis in crops through metabolic engineering.Compared with monocotyledons,dicotyledons employ a more diverse set of enzymes to catalyze the core reactions of BXD biosynthesis.This functional divergence—yet biochemical convergence—between monocotyledons and dicotyledons exemplifies the convergent evolution of BXD biosynthetic pathways in plants.BXDs act not only as potent antifeedants,insecticides,and antimicrobials but also function as signaling molecules that induce callose deposition and activate systemic immunity,thereby enhancing plant resistance to biotic stress.Furthermore,BXDs shape the rhizosphere by modulating microbial communities through species-specific antimicrobial activities and microbial detoxification mechanisms,ultimately exerting allelopathic effects that alter soil chemistry and nutrient dynamics.The translational potential of BXDs is increasingly recognized by synthetic biology approaches,including artificial intelligence-driven enzyme optimization,heterologous pathway engineering,and gene-editing to enhance crop resistance.Despite these promising prospects,challenges remain in balancing metabolic trade-offs and mitigating ecological risks associated with persistent accumulation of BXDs.Future research integrating multi-omics,evolutionary genomics,and microbiome studies will be essential to fully harness BXDs for sustainable crop improvement and reduced reliance on synthetic agrochemicals.
文摘Typhoid fever remains a major global health challenge,particularly in regions with limited access to clean water and sanitation.The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi highlights the urgent need for alternative treatment strategies.Medicinal plants represent a promising avenue for addressing this crisis,as their bioactive compounds exhibit potent antibacterial properties.According to the World Health Organization,over 20,000 medicinal plant species have been identified as valuable resources for drug discovery,with more than 1,340 demonstrating antimicrobial activity and over 30,000 antimicrobial compounds isolated.Through an extensive review,key phytochemicals with anti-typhoid properties were identified,along with their mechanisms of action and supporting evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies.This review compiles data on plants with demonstrated anti-typhoid activity,highlights challenges such as standardization,regulatory frameworks,and integration into modern healthcare,and explores the role of omics technologies in advancing the discovery of novel plant-based antimicrobial agents.By discussing potential medicinal plant targets and intervention strategies,this work lays the groundwork for future research into plant-derived anti-infective therapies and contributes to the global effort to combat the growing threat of typhoid fever,particularly in resource-limited settings.
基金supported by Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa grant number[TP IB-09-2020-UNSA].
文摘Treating municipal wastewater is essential to safeguarding both ecosystem integrity and public health.Although wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)significantly improve effluent quality,they also incur collateral environmental burdens.In this investigation,a"gate-to-gate"Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)was conducted to analyze the environmental performance of two major WWTPs in Arequipa:La Escalerilla(Plant A,activated sludge)and La Enlozada(Plant B,trickling filters).The analysis was conducted using OpenLCA and the ReCiPe Midpoint(H)2016 impact assessment method,with a functional unit defined as 1 m^(3)of treated effluent.Energy consumption emerges as the primary driver for the climate change(GWP100),fossil depletion(FDP),and human toxicity(HTPinf)impact categories,accounting for approximately 75% to 85% of the total effects.Plant A,which requires 0.59 kWh/m^(3)of electricity,achieves superior nutrient removal reflected in a freshwater eutrophication potential of 1.92×10^(-6) kg P-eq/m^(3),and exhibits marginally higher CO_(2)-eq emissions(GWP100)(1.17×10^(-1) kg CO_(2)-eq/m^(3)).Conversely,Plant B consumes only 0.34 kWh/m^(3),resulting in a slightly lower GWP100(1.14×10^(-1) kg CO_(2)-eq/m^(3))and a significantly greater reduction in fossil depletion potential(FDP)(2.56×10^(-2) kg oil-eq/m^(3)vs.Plant A's 4.75×10^(-2) kg oil-eq/m^(3)),although it exhibits an elevated eutrophication potential of 4.10×10^(-6) kg P-eq/m^(3).Both plants meet discharge standards.This study shows that treatment technologies must balance efficiency and sustainability,with energy use being critical.As Peruvian LCA research is scarce,these results offer key insights for future policies.
文摘This paper focuses on the technical management of concrete mixing plants.It introduces the whole-process engineering consulting model and elaborates on multifaceted aspects of technical management,including a matrix-based management framework,standardized design management pathways,cost early-warning systems,approval strategies,regulatory databases,etc.This paper also emphasizes the importance of innovations in collaborative management mechanisms for improving quality and efficiency.
文摘The ability of plants to tolerate cold is a complex process.When temperatures drop or freeze,plant tissues can develop ice,which dehydrates the cells.However,plants can protect themselves by preventing ice formation.This intricate response to cold stress is regulated by hormones,photoperiod,light,and various factors,in addition to genetic influences.In autumn,plants undergo morphological,physiological,biochemical,and molecular changes to prepare for the low temperatures of winter.Understanding cellular stress responses is crucial for genetic manipulation aimed at enhancing cold resistance.Early autumn frosts or late spring chills can cause significant damage to plants,making it essential to adapt in autumn to survive winter conditions.While the general process of acclimatization is similar across many plant species,variations exist depending on the specific type of plant and regional conditions.Different plant organs exhibit varying degrees of damage from cold stress,and by applying agricultural principles,potential damage can be largely controlled.Timely reinforcement and stress prevention can minimize cold-related damage.Research has shown that in temperate climates,low temperatures restrict plant growth and yield.However,the intricate structural systems involved remain poorly understood.Over the past decade,studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms that enable plants to adapt to and resist cold stress.The gene signaling system is believed to play a crucial role in cold adaptation,and researchers have prioritized this area in their investigations.This study critically examines plant responses to cold stress through physiological adaptations,including calcium signaling dynamics,membrane lipid modifications,and adjustments in antioxidant systems.These mechanisms activate downstream gene expression and molecular functions,leading to key resistance strategies.Additionally,we explore the regulatory roles of endogenous phytohormones and secondary metabolites in cold stress responses.This review aims to enhance our foundational understanding of the mechanisms behind plant cold adaptation.
文摘Heavy metal(HM)accumulation in soil poses a major hazard to both ecological health and plant growth progressions.Cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),copper(Cu),chromium(Cr),arsenic(As),zinc(Zn),and nickel(Ni)are examples of HMs that negatively impact the growth and development of plants,resulting in lower agricultural output and food safety concerns.Biochar(BC),a substance rich in carbon that is formed by pyrolyzing natural biomass,has demonstrated remarkable promise in reducing HM stress in polluted soils.Research has shown that BC effectively lowers plant uptake of metals,and enhances soil qualities,and encourages microbial activity.Besides,BC improves the fertility of soil,retention of water,and nutrient absorption,while it interacts with soil microbes to help mitigate the negative effects.However,a number of variables affect how effective BC is as a soil supplement,including the kind of BC used,the soil’s characteristics,and the metal’s qualities.This review delves into the mechanisms of BC’s interactions with HMs,its potential to mitigate stress caused by different metals,and the factors that influence its efficiency.Furthermore,it draws attention to the drawbacks and difficulties associated with using BC in heavy-metal-contaminated soils,offering suggestions for future studies focused on maximizing its utilization for long-term soil rehabilitation and sustainable agriculture.
文摘To meet the demand for intelligent and unmanned development in thermal power plants,an intelligent inspection system has been designed.This system efficiently performs inspection tasks and monitors the operational parameters of key equipment in real-time.The collected data is uploaded to the monitoring center,allowing operation and maintenance personnel to access equipment information promptly.Data analysis is used to provide fault warning and diagnosis for critical equipment.The system employs the Pure Pursuit algorithm,which effectively avoids obstacles and ensures path continuity and stability.Simulation results show that the Pure Pursuit algorithm significantly improves the navigation accuracy and task efficiency of the inspection robot,ensuring the reliability of thermal power plant inspections.
文摘Hardfacing of valve sealings in power plants with Inconel 625 alloy has been reviewed in this paper.The overlaying processes,over-lay microstructures,and weldability issues during the hardfacing process have been analyzed.The results indicate that almost all melting welding processes can be used for hardfacing of Inconel 625 alloy.During hardfacing,it is necessary to strictly control the penetration,reduce the overlay dilution rate,so as to prevent the formation of partially mixed zone(PMZ)and solidification crack.From the perspective of controlling the penetration,reducing the overlay dilution rate,and automated hardfacing,the most suitable process for hardfacing Inconel 625 alloy on the valve sealings in power plants is cold metal transfer(CMT)welding process.
文摘In the context of energy structure transformation,digital and intelligent technologies have been introduced into the field of hydropower,which has accelerated the technological and equipment innovation of hydropower plants.However,it has also brought severe challenges to the operation and maintenance of hydropower plants.Traditional hydropower plant operation and maintenance suffer from problems such as low efficiency,equipment aging,and high labor costs,which seriously hinder the innovation and upgrading of hydropower plant operation and maintenance.Therefore,this article focuses on the operation and maintenance of hydropower plants,summarizes a series of innovative strategies,and applies them in practice to effectively improve the operation and maintenance level of hydropower plants.
文摘Global warming is making plants more susceptible to heat stress.Hence,adjustments to crop production systems are required for global food security.Heat stress(HS)poses a threat to the quality of ecosystems and global food security due to its adverse effects on plant development.The degree to which HS affects physiological disruptions,physical harm,and biochemical changes at various growth stages directly correlates with its effects on physiological functions,plant growth,and crop production.One promising approach is soil modification using biochar,which enhances soil health and promotes the development of microbial communities,ultimately improving plant heat tolerance.Biochar enhances soil structure,improves moisture retention,and increases nutrient availability in hot weather,thereby promoting plant growth and enhancing crop yields.Additionally,biochar,with its porous structure and ability to provide a liming effect,increases the diversity and activity of soil microbes,thereby fostering advantageous symbiotic relationships.These microbial communities support nutrient cycling,root growth,and general soil health,strengthening biochar’s position as a long-term solution for climate-resilient farming.Earlier research concentrated on the connection between biochar and heat stress or microbial populations;however,this review uniquely combines all three elements,providing a fresh viewpoint on their interrelated functions in enhancing plant adaptability.Furthermore,this study demonstrates the potential of biochar as a sustainable component for improving soil and supporting crops that adapt to heat stress.It examines the processes underlying these interactions and provides recommendations for future research strategies.
基金supported by the Anhui University Collaborative Innovation Project, China (GXXT-2020080)the Scientific Research Project of Anhui Provincial Colleges and Universities, China (2023AH040136)。
文摘Cold stress widely impairs the quality and yield of tea plants. The miR164 family and its target NAC transcription factor have been identified as crucial regulators in response to cold stress. However, the role of miR164 and CsNAC in cold tolerance in tea plants was little understood. In our study, the expression level of CsMIR164a was significantly reduced under cold stress and significantly and negatively correlated with that of CsNAC1.5' RACE and GUS histochemical assays showed that CsNAC1 was cleaved by CsMIR164a. The CsMIR164a-silenced tea leaves promoted the expression levels of CsNAC1 and CsCBFs and exhibited greater cold tolerance. Also, the overexpression of CsNAC1 enhanced cold tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants by promoting the expression levels of AtCBFs. In contrast, the heterologous overexpression of CsMIR164a in Arabidopsis decreased the expression level of AtNACs and AtCBFs and thus impaired cold tolerance. Additionally, silencing of CsNAC1 impaired the expression levels of CsCBFs, resulting in greater cold sensitivity in tea leaves. Our present study demonstrated that the miR164a-CsNAC1 module may play a negative role in the cold tolerance of tea plants via the CsCBF-dependent pathway.
