In this editorial,we reviewed the article by Fadlallah et al that was recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.The article provided a comprehensive and in-depth view of the management and treatment...In this editorial,we reviewed the article by Fadlallah et al that was recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.The article provided a comprehensive and in-depth view of the management and treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC),one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.The article analyzed the therapeutic modalities and their sequencing,focusing on total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.It highlighted the role of immunotherapy in tumors with high microsatellite instability or deficient mismatch repair,addressing recent advances that have improved prognosis and therapeutic response in localized and metastatic CRC.Innovations in surgical techniques,advanced radiotherapy,and systemic agents targeting specific mutational profiles are also discussed,reflecting on how they revolutionized clinical management.Circulating tumor DNA has emerged as a promising tool for detecting minimal residual disease,prognosis,and therapeutic monitoring,solidifying its role in precision oncology.This review emphasized the importance of technological and therapeutic advancements in improving clinical outcomes and personalizing CRC treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignancy with a substantial health burden and high mortality rate,despite advances in prevention,early detection,and treatment.Compared with the global average,Asia,notabl...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignancy with a substantial health burden and high mortality rate,despite advances in prevention,early detection,and treatment.Compared with the global average,Asia,notably China,reports disproportionately high GC incidences.The disease often progresses asymptoma-tically in the early stages,leading to delayed diagnosis and compromised out-comes.Thus,it is crucial to identify early diagnostic biomarkers and enhance treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality.METHODS Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 148 patients with GC treated at the Civil Aviation Shanghai Hospital between December 2022 and December 2023.The associations of coagulation indices-partial thromboplastin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),fibrinogen,fibrinogen degradation products(FDP),fasting blood glucose,and D-dimer(D-D)with TNM stage and distant metastasis were examined.RESULTS Prolongation of APTT,PT,and TT was significantly correlated with the GC TNM stage.Hence,abnormal coagulation system activation was closely related to disease progression.Elevated FDP and D-D were significantly associated with distant metastasis in GC(P<0.05),suggesting that increased fibrinolytic activity contributes to increased metastatic risk.CONCLUSION Our Results reveal coagulation indices,FDPs as GC biomarkers,reflecting abnormal coagulation/fibrinolysis,aiding disease progression,metastasis prediction,and helping clinicians assess thrombotic risk for early intervention and personalized treatment plans.展开更多
Upper gastrointestinal cancers,mainly comprising esophageal and gastric cancers,are among the most prevalent cancers worldwide.There are many new cases of upper gastrointestinal cancers annually,and the survival rate ...Upper gastrointestinal cancers,mainly comprising esophageal and gastric cancers,are among the most prevalent cancers worldwide.There are many new cases of upper gastrointestinal cancers annually,and the survival rate tends to be low.Therefore,timely screening,precise diagnosis,appropriate treatment strategies,and effective prognosis are crucial for patients with upper gastrointestinal cancers.In recent years,an increasing number of studies suggest that artificial intelligence(AI)technology can effectively address clinical tasks related to upper gastrointestinal cancers.These studies mainly focus on four aspects:screening,diagnosis,treatment,and progno-sis.In this review,we focus on the application of AI technology in clinical tasks related to upper gastrointestinal cancers.Firstly,the basic application pipelines of radiomics and deep learning in medical image analysis were introduced.Furthermore,we separately reviewed the application of AI technology in the aforementioned aspects for both esophageal and gastric cancers.Finally,the current limitations and challenges faced in the field of upper gastrointestinal cancers were summarized,and explorations were conducted on the selection of AI algorithms in various scenarios,the popularization of early screening,the clinical applications of AI,and large multimodal models.展开更多
Background While China’s socioeconomic transformation has driven divergent trends in gastrointestinal cancers,comprehensive data on esophageal,gastric,and liver cancer burden remain limited.This study examines the gl...Background While China’s socioeconomic transformation has driven divergent trends in gastrointestinal cancers,comprehensive data on esophageal,gastric,and liver cancer burden remain limited.This study examines the global burden of esophageal,gastric,and liver cancers in 2022 and analyzes the trends of age-standardized incidence and mortality rate(ASRs)in China from 2000 to 2018,thereby providing evidence for the formulation of cancer control strategies.Methods The global burden of esophageal,gastric and liver cancers including the estimated number of cases and deaths and the ASRs for incidence and mortality were from GLOBALCAN 2022 dataset.Data from 22 cancer registries in China were employed for the trend analysis of the ASRs for incidence and mortality of these three cancers.The Joinpoint model was used to compute the average annual percentage change(AAPC)of the incidence and mortality of the three cancers from 2000 to 2018.Results Globally,esophageal,gastric and liver cancers accounted for 11.8%of incident cancer cases and 19.1%of cancer deaths.China bore a disproportionately high burden,representing 43.8%,37.0%,and 42.4%of global esophageal,gastric,and liver cancer cases respectively,and 42.1%,39.4%,and 41.7%of corresponding deaths.However,the ASRs for incidence and mortality for all three cancers declined significantly in China(2000–2018),with absolute case numbers decreasing for gastric and esophageal cancers during 2010–2022.Age-specific analysis revealed most pronounced declines in incidence and mortality in populations under 40 years old,with AAPCs of less than–6.0%for esophageal cancer,around–4.0%for gastric cancer,and approximately–2.0%for liver cancer.Conclusions China has achieved remarkable progress in controlling esophageal,gastric and liver cancers,yet these malignancies remain major public health challenges.Future efforts should intensify existing prevention measures while expanding screening programs,particularly for aging populations.These findings offer valuable insights for regions undergoing similar epidemiological transitions.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide,exhibiting high morbidity and mortality.Lack of efficient tools for early diagnosis and surgical resection guidance of CRC have been a seri...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide,exhibiting high morbidity and mortality.Lack of efficient tools for early diagnosis and surgical resection guidance of CRC have been a serious threat to the long-term survival rate of the CRC patients.Recent studies have shown that relative higher viscosity was presented in tumor cells compared to that in normal cells,leading to viscosity as a potential biomarker for CRC.Herein,we reported the development of a series of novel viscosity-sensitive and mitochondria-specific fluorescent probes(HTB,HTI,and HTP)for CRC detection.Among them,HTB showed high sensitivity,minimal background interference,low cytotoxicity,and significant viscous response capability,making it an ideal tool for distinguishing colorectal tumor cells from normal cells.Importantly,we have successfully utilized HTB to visualize in a CRC-cells-derived xenograft(CDX)model,enriching its medical imaging capacity,which laid a foundation for further clinical translational application.展开更多
Background Cervical cancer is the only cancer that can be eliminated worldwide.Tracking the latest burden of cervical cancer is critical toward the targets set by World Health Organization(WHO)to eliminate cervical ca...Background Cervical cancer is the only cancer that can be eliminated worldwide.Tracking the latest burden of cervical cancer is critical toward the targets set by World Health Organization(WHO)to eliminate cervical cancer as a major public health problem.Methods All data were extracted from the Global Cancer Observatory(GLOBOCAN)2022.Age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and mortality rates(ASMR)of cervical cancer were compared and linked to Human Development Index(HDI)between populations.The estimated annual percentage changes(EAPCs)were used to characterize the temporal trend in ASIR/ASMR,and demographic estimates were projected up to 2050.Results Globally,an estimated 662,044 cases(ASIR:14.12/100,000)and 348,709 deaths(ASMR:7.08/100,000)from cervical cancer occurred in 2022,corresponding to the fourth cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women worldwide.Specifically,42%of cases and 39%of deaths occurred in China(23%and 16%)and India(19%and 23%).Both ASIR and ASMR of cervical cancer decreased with HDI,and similar decreasing links were observed for both early-onset(0–39 years)and late-onset(≥40 years)cervical cancer.Both ASIR and ASMR of overall cervical cancer showed decreasing trends during 2003–2012(EAPC:0.04%and-1.03%);however,upward trends were observed for early-onset cervical cancer(EAPC:1.16%and 0.57%).If national rates in 2022 remain stable,the estimated cases and deaths from cervical cancer are projected to increase by 56.8%and 80.7%up to 2050.Moreover,the projected increase of early-onset cervical cancer is mainly observed in transitioning countries,while decreased burden is expected in transitioned countries.Conclusions Cervical cancer remains a common cause of cancer death in many countries,especially in transitioning countries.Unless scaling-up preventive interventions,human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination and cervical cancer screening,as well as systematic cooperation within government,civil societies,and private enterprises,the global burden of cervical cancer would be expected to increase in the future.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)significantly elevates the risk of colorectal cancer(CRC)and complicates its treatment by promoting chemoresistance.Poor glycemic control has been linked to exacerbated CRC progression an...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)significantly elevates the risk of colorectal cancer(CRC)and complicates its treatment by promoting chemoresistance.Poor glycemic control has been linked to exacerbated CRC progression and diminished chemotherapy efficacy,impacting patient outcomes through various mechanisms such as oxidative stress,activation of metabolic pathways,and altered protein modifications that hinder apoptosis and enhance tumor survival.Clinical evidence shows that T2DM patients experience higher rates of chemoresistance and reduced disease-free survival and overall survival compared to non-diabetic patients.Specifically,those with poor glycemic control exhibit increased chemo-resistance and poorer survival metrics.Antidiabetic treatments,including metformin,acarbose,and gliclazide,show promise in improving chemotherapy response and glycemic management,potentially enhancing patient outcomes.Addressing this challenge requires a comprehensive,multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists,endocrino-logists,and surgeons to optimize patient care.Integrated strategies that prioritize glycemic control are essential for reducing chemoresistance and improving survival in CRC patients with T2DM.展开更多
Peripheral immunity forms the foundation of tumor immunity,while tumor immunity represents a more refined adaptation of peripheral immune responses.The tumor microenvironment(TME),a localized niche surrounding tumor c...Peripheral immunity forms the foundation of tumor immunity,while tumor immunity represents a more refined adaptation of peripheral immune responses.The tumor microenvironment(TME),a localized niche surrounding tumor cells,is inherently immunosuppressive(1,2).Effective tumor therapy necessitates the dismantling of this microenvironment,aiming to eradicate tumors from the host system.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent tumor in the digestive system,with around one million new cases reported annually,ranking it as the third most common malignancy.Reducing pain is a key research focus.This s...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent tumor in the digestive system,with around one million new cases reported annually,ranking it as the third most common malignancy.Reducing pain is a key research focus.This study evaluates the effect of nalbuphine on the analgesic effect and the expression of pain factors in patients after radical resection.AIM To provide a reference for postoperative analgesia methods.METHODS One hundred eight patients with GC,admitted between January 2022 and June 2024,underwent radical gastrectomy.They received a controlled analgesia pump and a transverse abdominis muscle plane block,divided into two groups of 54 patients in each group.The control group received sufentanil,while the observation group received nalbuphine as an analgesic.Postoperative analgesic effects,pain factor expression,and adverse effects were compared.RESULTS The resting pain and activity pain scores in the observation group at 6,12,24 and 48 hours were significantly lower than those in the control group.Additionally,the number of presses and consumption of the observation group at 48 hours were lower than those of the control group;and the response rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The prostaglandin E2,substance P,and serotonin levels 24 hours after the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the incidence of adverse reactions was 5.56%lower than 22.22%in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The findings suggest that nalbuphine enhances postoperative multimodal analgesia in patients with radical GC,effectively improving postoperative analgesic effect,relieving postoperative resting and active pain,and reducing postoperative pain factor expression,demonstrating its potential for clinical application.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent malignancy worldwide,posing a significant public health concern.Mounting evidence has confirmed that timely early screening facilitates the detection of incipient CRC,thereby enhan...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent malignancy worldwide,posing a significant public health concern.Mounting evidence has confirmed that timely early screening facilitates the detection of incipient CRC,thereby enhancing patient prognosis.Obviously,non-participation of asymptomatic individuals in screening programs hampers early diagnosis and may adversely affect long-term outcomes for CRC patients.In this letter,we provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of early screening practices,while also thoroughly examine the dilemmas and potential solutions associated with early screening for CRC.In response to these issues,we proffer a set of recommendations directed at governmental authorities and the general public,which focus on augmenting financial investment,establishing standardized screening protocols,advancing technological capabilities,and bolstering public awareness campaigns.The importance of collaborative efforts from various stakeholders cannot be overstated in the quest to enhance early detection rates and alleviate the societal burden of CRC.展开更多
Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is currently the most heterogeneous and aggressive breast cancer type.It has a high recurrence rate,poor clinical prospects,and lack of predictive markers and potential treatment opt...Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is currently the most heterogeneous and aggressive breast cancer type.It has a high recurrence rate,poor clinical prospects,and lack of predictive markers and potential treatment options.Dysregulated microRNAs(miRNAs)are involved in various cellular processes in TNBC.Moreover,variations in the miRNA levels in TNBC may act as a dependable indicator for predicting the effectiveness and specificity of treatments.Currently,the application of miRNAs for breast cancer therapy is primarily in the preclinical stage,with a focus on identifying highly specific and sensitive miRNAs that could offer new possibilities for early diagnosis,clinical treat-ment,and prognostic monitoring of TNBC.展开更多
AIM To analyze the diagnostic performance of surveillance colonoscopy,computed tomography(CT),and tumor markers(TMs)in detecting CRC recurrence or metastasis during follow-up after CRC resection.Secondary objectives i...AIM To analyze the diagnostic performance of surveillance colonoscopy,computed tomography(CT),and tumor markers(TMs)in detecting CRC recurrence or metastasis during follow-up after CRC resection.Secondary objectives included degree of adherence to clinical practice guidelines surveillance recommendations and factors associated with adherence and all-cause and CRC mortality.METHODS The single-center retrospective cohort study including patients undergoing curative resection of stage I-III CRC during 2010-2015.Follow-up was performed using TMs every 6 months,yearly CT for 5 years,and colonoscopy at years 1 and 4.Demographic,primary tumor data,and results at follow-up were collected.RESULTS Of 574 included patients included,153 had recurrences or metastases.Of this group,136(88.9%)were diagnosed by CT,10(6.5%)by CT and colonoscopy,and 7(4.6%)by colonoscopy;only 67.8%showed TMs elevation.Adherence to follow-up recommendations was 68.8%for the first colonoscopy,74%for the first CT scan,and 96.6%for the first blood test;these values declined over time.Younger age at diagnosis[odds ratio(OR)0.93;95%CI:0.91-0.95],CRC stages I-II(OR 0.38;95%CI:0.24-0.61),and adherence to follow-up recommendations(OR 0.30;95%CI:0.20-0.46)were independently associated with lower risk for all-cause death at 5 years.CONCLUSION CT scan had the highest diagnostic yield.Adherence to follow-up recommendations was low and decreased during follow-up.Younger age at diagnosis,stage,and follow-up adherence were associated with lower 5-year mortality.展开更多
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence implicates Candida albicans(C.albicans)in human oncogenesis.Notably,studies have supported its involvement in regulating outcomes in colorectal cancer(CRC).This study investigated the para...BACKGROUND Emerging evidence implicates Candida albicans(C.albicans)in human oncogenesis.Notably,studies have supported its involvement in regulating outcomes in colorectal cancer(CRC).This study investigated the paradoxical role of C.albicans in CRC,aiming to determine whether it promotes or suppresses tumor development,with a focus on the mechanistic basis linked to its metabolic profile.AIM To investigate the dual role of C.albicans in the development and progression of CRC through metabolite profiling and to establish a prognostic model that integrates the microbial and metabolic interactions in CRC,providing insights into potential therapeutic strategies and clinical outcomes.METHODSA prognostic model integrating C. albicans with CRC was developed, incorporating enrichment analysis, immuneinfiltration profiling, survival analysis, Mendelian randomization, single-cell sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics.The effects of the C. albicans metabolite mixture on CRC cells were subsequently validated in vitro. Theprimary metabolite composition was characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.RESULTSA prognostic model based on five specific mRNA markers, EHD4, LIME1, GADD45B, TIMP1, and FDFT1, wasestablished. The C. albicans metabolite mixture significantly reduced CRC cell viability. Post-treatment analysisrevealed a significant decrease in gene expression in HT29 cells, while the expression levels of TIMP1, EHD4, andGADD45B were significantly elevated in HCT116 cells. Conversely, LIME1 expression and that of other CRC celllines showed reductions. In normal colonic epithelial cells (NCM460), GADD45B, TIMP1, and FDFT1 expressionlevels were significantly increased, while LIME1 and EHD4 levels were markedly reduced. Following metabolitetreatment, the invasive and migratory capabilities of NCM460, HT29, and HCT116 cells were reduced. Quantitativeanalysis of extracellular ATP post-treatment showed a significant elevation (P < 0.01). The C. albicans metabolitemixture had no effect on reactive oxygen species accumulation in CRC cells but led to a reduction in mitochondrialmembrane potential, increased intracellular lipid peroxidation, and induced apoptosis. Metabolomic profilingrevealed significant alterations, with 516 metabolites upregulated and 531 downregulated.CONCLUSIONThis study introduced a novel prognostic model for CRC risk assessment. The findings suggested that the C.albicans metabolite mixture exerted an inhibitory effect on CRC initiation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide,especially in East Asia.AIM To explore the clinical outcomes and progression-related factors of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(LGIN)in the gas...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide,especially in East Asia.AIM To explore the clinical outcomes and progression-related factors of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(LGIN)in the gastric mucosa and provide valuable guidance for improving treatment efficacy.METHODS A total of 357 patients diagnosed with LGIN based on initial pathological examination in Anhui Provincial Hospital or three other medical consortium units between January 2022 and June 2024 were included.Among them,296 patients were followed up with endoscopic and biopsy pathology.Logistic regression was utilized to analyze the relevant risk factors for LGIN progression in the gastric mucosa.RESULTS The distribution sites of LGIN among the 357 patients were as follows:Gastric antrum(54.6%),gastric cardia(24.1%),gastric angulus(8.7%),gastric body(4.8%),gastric fundus(4.8%),and multiple sites(3.1%).Additionally,of the 357 patients with LGIN,112(31.4%)developed ulceration and 59(16.5%)experienced gastric polyps.Furthermore,231 of the 357(64.71%)patients with LGIN tested positive for Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.The H.pylori infection rates of the patients with LGIN with accompanying atrophy,intestinal metaplasia,and gastric ulcer were 51.95%,59.31%,and 28.57%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age≥60 years[odds ratio(OR)=3.063,95%confidence interval(CI):1.351-6.945,P=0.007],H.pylori infection(OR=3.560,95%CI:1.158-10.949,P=0.027),multiple locations(OR=10.136,95%CI:2.045-50.237,P=0.005),lesion size≥2 cm(OR=3.921,95%CI:1.664-9.237,P=0.002),and gastric ulcer(OR=2.730,95%CI:1.197-6.223,P=0.017)were predictive factors for LGIN progression.CONCLUSION LGIN progression is closely related to age,H.pylori positivity,multiple locations,lesion size≥2 cm,and gastric ulcer.Thus,actively identifying these risk factors in patients with LGIN may have certain clinical significance in preventing further tumor progression.展开更多
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most challenging malignancies to treat,with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options.Despite the success of immunotherapy and targeted therapies for other cancers,these app...Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most challenging malignancies to treat,with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options.Despite the success of immunotherapy and targeted therapies for other cancers,these approaches have not yet transformed the treatment landscape for pancreatic cancer.The unique tumor microenvironment(TME)of pancreatic cancer,characterized by dense fibrotic stroma and immunosuppressive myeloid cells,poses significant barriers to effective immunotherapy.Current research highlights the need for an in-depth understanding of the TME and the development of strategies to overcome its immunosuppressive properties.Recent studies have explored various immunotherapeutic approaches,including immune checkpoint inhibitors,cancer vaccines,and adoptive cell therapies,some of which have shown promising results in preclinical and early clinical trials.Furthermore,combining immunotherapy with traditional treatments,such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy,has shown potential for enhancing antitumor efficacy,although targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer are still in their early stages and are being investigated for their ability to disrupt specific molecular pathways involved in tumor growth and survival.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advances in immunotherapy and targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer,discussing the current state of research,clinical outcomes,and future directions for improving patient prognosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA),also known as bile duct cancer,is a devastating malignancy primarily affecting the biliary tract.AIM To assess their performance in clinical diagnosis and monitoring of CCA,plasma me...BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA),also known as bile duct cancer,is a devastating malignancy primarily affecting the biliary tract.AIM To assess their performance in clinical diagnosis and monitoring of CCA,plasma methylation and circulating tumor cells were detected.METHODS Plasma samples were collected from Hubei Cancer Hospital(n=156).Plasma DNA was tested to detect SHOX2,HOXA9,SEPTIN9,and RASSF1A methylation using TaqMan PCR.Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)were detected in the peripheral blood of patients using the United States Food and Drug Administration-approved cell search system before and after clinical therapy.The CCA diagnostic value was estimated using the area under the curve.The independent prognosis risk factors for patients with CCA were estimated using Cox and logistic regression analyses.RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of the four DNA plasma methylations exhibited 64.74%sensitivity and 93.88%specificity for detecting CCA.The receiver operating characteristic curve of the combined value for CCA diagnosis in plasma was 0.828±0.032.RASSF1A plasma methylation was related to the prognosis of patients with CCA.We determined the prognostic hazard ratio for CCA using CTC count,tumor stage,methylation,and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels as key factors.Our overall survival nomogram achieved a C-index of 0.705(0.605-0.805).CONCLUSION SHOX2,HOXA9,SEPTIN9,and RASSF1A plasma methylation demonstrated increased sensitivity for diagnosing CCA.RASSF1A plasma methylation and CTCs were valuable predictors to assess CCA prognosis and recurrence.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks among the top causes of cancer-related fatalities globally.Recent progress in genomics,proteomics,and bioinformatics has greatly improved our comprehension of the molecular underpinnings of...Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks among the top causes of cancer-related fatalities globally.Recent progress in genomics,proteomics,and bioinformatics has greatly improved our comprehension of the molecular underpinnings of CRC,paving the way for targeted therapies and immunotherapies.Nonetheless,obstacles such as tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance persist,hindering advancements in treatment efficacy.In this context,the integration of artificial intelligence(AI)and organoid technology presents promising new avenues.AI can analyze genetic and clinical data to forecast disease risk,prognosis,and treatment responses,thereby expediting drug development and tailoring treatment plans.Organoids replicate the genetic traits and biological behaviors of tumors,acting as platforms for drug testing and the formulation of personalized treatment approaches.Despite notable strides in CRC research and treatment-from genetic insights to therapeutic innovations-numerous challenges endure,including the intricate tumor microen-vironment,tumor heterogeneity,adverse effects of immunotherapies,issues related to AI data quality and privacy,and the need for standardization in organoid culture.Future initiatives should concentrate on clarifying the pathogenesis of CRC,refining AI algorithms and organoid models,and creating more effective therapeutic strategies to alleviate the global impact of CRC.展开更多
Liver cancer is the fourth cause of cancer-related deaths and the primary cause of death in patients with compensated cirrhosis.In recent years,the role of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of liver cancer...Liver cancer is the fourth cause of cancer-related deaths and the primary cause of death in patients with compensated cirrhosis.In recent years,the role of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of liver cancer has attracted more and more attention and recognition.Luteolin(LUT)and glycyrrhetinic(GA)are natural compounds extracted from Chinese herbal medicine.LUT exhibits various biological activity including anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,antiviral,anti-tumor,and neuroprotective effects.GA significantly inhibits the growth and metastasis of cancer cells.However,the low water solubility of both compounds hinders their clinical applications.In this study,rod-shaped nanoparticles(NPs)self-assembled from LUT and GA were designed to enhance drug solubility and tumor-targeting capability.We verified that the assembly mechanism of the NPs was π-π stacking.These NPs significantly inhibited the proliferation of liver cancer cells while had no significant effect on normal liver cells.In a mouse model of liver cancer,these NPs demonstrated superior tumor-targeting ability due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect,and the affinity of GA for liver cancer cells,resulting in better therapeutic efficacy with lower systemic toxicity.Results of network pharmacology analysis showed that LUT and GA respectively targeted estrogen receptor 1(ESR1)protein and cyclin-dependent kinase 1(CDK1)protein to corporately induce tumor cell cycle arrest,which induced the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation.In conclusion,this study provides a novel reference for the treatment of liver cancer.展开更多
Objective:Previous studies have demonstrated that the metals cadmium and arsenic exhibit estrogen-like effects and may influence the occurrence and development of gynecological tumors.This study aims to explore the as...Objective:Previous studies have demonstrated that the metals cadmium and arsenic exhibit estrogen-like effects and may influence the occurrence and development of gynecological tumors.This study aims to explore the association between urinary cadmium and arsenic levels and the prevalence of gynecologic cancers using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).Methods:Data from female participants in NHANES 2003—2018 were analyzed.Using R software,datasets(DEMO,BMX,etc.)were merged,and complete cases were retained by intersecting row names,yielding a total of 2999 participants.After applying strict exclusion criteria,2802 participants were included:83 with gynecologic cancer(cancer group)and 2719 without(control group).Demographic,reproductive health,and urinary cadmium and arsenic data were collected.Binary Logistic regression models were employed to assess associations between urinary cadmium and arsenic levels and gynecologic cancer risk.Results:High urinary cadmium and arsenic levels were risk factors for gynecologic cancers,with odds ratios(ORs)of 1.623(95%CI 1.217 to 2.166)and 1.003(95%CI 1.001 to 1.005),respectively.After propensity score matching(PSM),the trend remained;cadmium was still a statistically significant risk factor with an OR of 2.182(95%CI 1.343 to 3.545),while arsenic’s association,though not statistically significant,still trended toward risk(OR=1.004,95%CI 0.999 to 1.009).Subgroup analyses showed that both cadmium and arsenic were risk factors for ovarian cancer(OR=1.745,95%CI 1.178 to 2.586 and OR=1.005,95%CI 1.002 to 1.008,respectively);these associations persisted after PSM.Additionally,cadmium increased the risk of endometrial cancer(OR=1.617,95%CI 1.109 to 2.356).Conclusion:Exposure to cadmium and arsenic is associated with an increased risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers.These findings suggest that reducing environmental exposure to heavy metals such as cadmium and arsenic may help prevent certain gynecologic cancers.展开更多
As the leading cause of cancer-related deaths,lung cancer remains a noteworthy threat to human health.Although immunotherapies,such as immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),have significantly increased the efficacy of lu...As the leading cause of cancer-related deaths,lung cancer remains a noteworthy threat to human health.Although immunotherapies,such as immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),have significantly increased the efficacy of lung cancer treatment,a significant percentage of patients are not sensitive to immunotherapies and patients who initially respond to treatment can quickly develop acquired drug resistance.Bispecific antibodies(bs Abs)bind two different antigens or epitopes simultaneously and have been shown to enhance antitumor efficacy with suitable safety profiles,thus attracting increasing attention as novel antitumor therapies.At present,in addition to the approved bs Ab,amivantamab,three novel bs Abs(KN046,AK112,and SHR-1701)are being evaluated in phase 3 clinical trials and many bs Abs are being evaluated in phase 1/2 clinical trials for patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Herein we present the structure,classification,and mechanism of action underlying bs Abs in NSCLC and introduce related clinical trials.Finally,we discuss challenges,potential solutions,and future prospects in the context of cancer treatment with bsAbs.展开更多
文摘In this editorial,we reviewed the article by Fadlallah et al that was recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.The article provided a comprehensive and in-depth view of the management and treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC),one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.The article analyzed the therapeutic modalities and their sequencing,focusing on total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.It highlighted the role of immunotherapy in tumors with high microsatellite instability or deficient mismatch repair,addressing recent advances that have improved prognosis and therapeutic response in localized and metastatic CRC.Innovations in surgical techniques,advanced radiotherapy,and systemic agents targeting specific mutational profiles are also discussed,reflecting on how they revolutionized clinical management.Circulating tumor DNA has emerged as a promising tool for detecting minimal residual disease,prognosis,and therapeutic monitoring,solidifying its role in precision oncology.This review emphasized the importance of technological and therapeutic advancements in improving clinical outcomes and personalizing CRC treatment.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignancy with a substantial health burden and high mortality rate,despite advances in prevention,early detection,and treatment.Compared with the global average,Asia,notably China,reports disproportionately high GC incidences.The disease often progresses asymptoma-tically in the early stages,leading to delayed diagnosis and compromised out-comes.Thus,it is crucial to identify early diagnostic biomarkers and enhance treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality.METHODS Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 148 patients with GC treated at the Civil Aviation Shanghai Hospital between December 2022 and December 2023.The associations of coagulation indices-partial thromboplastin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),fibrinogen,fibrinogen degradation products(FDP),fasting blood glucose,and D-dimer(D-D)with TNM stage and distant metastasis were examined.RESULTS Prolongation of APTT,PT,and TT was significantly correlated with the GC TNM stage.Hence,abnormal coagulation system activation was closely related to disease progression.Elevated FDP and D-D were significantly associated with distant metastasis in GC(P<0.05),suggesting that increased fibrinolytic activity contributes to increased metastatic risk.CONCLUSION Our Results reveal coagulation indices,FDPs as GC biomarkers,reflecting abnormal coagulation/fibrinolysis,aiding disease progression,metastasis prediction,and helping clinicians assess thrombotic risk for early intervention and personalized treatment plans.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant number:2023YFC2415200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:82361168664,U24A20759,82441018,82372053,92259302,62027901,82302296)+6 种基金Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao Special Administrative Region(grant number:0006/2023/AFJ)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant number:XDB38040200)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(grant numbers:Z20J00105,JQ24048)Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(grant number:CI2023C008YG)Key-Area Re-search and Development Program of Guangdong Province(grant number:2021B0101420005)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(grant number:Y2021049)China Postdoctoral Science Foun-dation under Grant(grant number:2022M720357)。
文摘Upper gastrointestinal cancers,mainly comprising esophageal and gastric cancers,are among the most prevalent cancers worldwide.There are many new cases of upper gastrointestinal cancers annually,and the survival rate tends to be low.Therefore,timely screening,precise diagnosis,appropriate treatment strategies,and effective prognosis are crucial for patients with upper gastrointestinal cancers.In recent years,an increasing number of studies suggest that artificial intelligence(AI)technology can effectively address clinical tasks related to upper gastrointestinal cancers.These studies mainly focus on four aspects:screening,diagnosis,treatment,and progno-sis.In this review,we focus on the application of AI technology in clinical tasks related to upper gastrointestinal cancers.Firstly,the basic application pipelines of radiomics and deep learning in medical image analysis were introduced.Furthermore,we separately reviewed the application of AI technology in the aforementioned aspects for both esophageal and gastric cancers.Finally,the current limitations and challenges faced in the field of upper gastrointestinal cancers were summarized,and explorations were conducted on the selection of AI algorithms in various scenarios,the popularization of early screening,the clinical applications of AI,and large multimodal models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:82273721,82304220)Cooperation Fund of CHCAMS and SZCH(grant number:CFA202201003).
文摘Background While China’s socioeconomic transformation has driven divergent trends in gastrointestinal cancers,comprehensive data on esophageal,gastric,and liver cancer burden remain limited.This study examines the global burden of esophageal,gastric,and liver cancers in 2022 and analyzes the trends of age-standardized incidence and mortality rate(ASRs)in China from 2000 to 2018,thereby providing evidence for the formulation of cancer control strategies.Methods The global burden of esophageal,gastric and liver cancers including the estimated number of cases and deaths and the ASRs for incidence and mortality were from GLOBALCAN 2022 dataset.Data from 22 cancer registries in China were employed for the trend analysis of the ASRs for incidence and mortality of these three cancers.The Joinpoint model was used to compute the average annual percentage change(AAPC)of the incidence and mortality of the three cancers from 2000 to 2018.Results Globally,esophageal,gastric and liver cancers accounted for 11.8%of incident cancer cases and 19.1%of cancer deaths.China bore a disproportionately high burden,representing 43.8%,37.0%,and 42.4%of global esophageal,gastric,and liver cancer cases respectively,and 42.1%,39.4%,and 41.7%of corresponding deaths.However,the ASRs for incidence and mortality for all three cancers declined significantly in China(2000–2018),with absolute case numbers decreasing for gastric and esophageal cancers during 2010–2022.Age-specific analysis revealed most pronounced declines in incidence and mortality in populations under 40 years old,with AAPCs of less than–6.0%for esophageal cancer,around–4.0%for gastric cancer,and approximately–2.0%for liver cancer.Conclusions China has achieved remarkable progress in controlling esophageal,gastric and liver cancers,yet these malignancies remain major public health challenges.Future efforts should intensify existing prevention measures while expanding screening programs,particularly for aging populations.These findings offer valuable insights for regions undergoing similar epidemiological transitions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272067,81974386,M-0696,and 82273486)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2022JJ80052,2024JJ6596)the Innovation Fund for Postgraduate Students of Central South University(No.2023ZZTS0841)。
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide,exhibiting high morbidity and mortality.Lack of efficient tools for early diagnosis and surgical resection guidance of CRC have been a serious threat to the long-term survival rate of the CRC patients.Recent studies have shown that relative higher viscosity was presented in tumor cells compared to that in normal cells,leading to viscosity as a potential biomarker for CRC.Herein,we reported the development of a series of novel viscosity-sensitive and mitochondria-specific fluorescent probes(HTB,HTI,and HTP)for CRC detection.Among them,HTB showed high sensitivity,minimal background interference,low cytotoxicity,and significant viscous response capability,making it an ideal tool for distinguishing colorectal tumor cells from normal cells.Importantly,we have successfully utilized HTB to visualize in a CRC-cells-derived xenograft(CDX)model,enriching its medical imaging capacity,which laid a foundation for further clinical translational application.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant number:2021YFC2500400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:82172894,82073028,82204121)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant number:2023M742617).
文摘Background Cervical cancer is the only cancer that can be eliminated worldwide.Tracking the latest burden of cervical cancer is critical toward the targets set by World Health Organization(WHO)to eliminate cervical cancer as a major public health problem.Methods All data were extracted from the Global Cancer Observatory(GLOBOCAN)2022.Age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and mortality rates(ASMR)of cervical cancer were compared and linked to Human Development Index(HDI)between populations.The estimated annual percentage changes(EAPCs)were used to characterize the temporal trend in ASIR/ASMR,and demographic estimates were projected up to 2050.Results Globally,an estimated 662,044 cases(ASIR:14.12/100,000)and 348,709 deaths(ASMR:7.08/100,000)from cervical cancer occurred in 2022,corresponding to the fourth cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women worldwide.Specifically,42%of cases and 39%of deaths occurred in China(23%and 16%)and India(19%and 23%).Both ASIR and ASMR of cervical cancer decreased with HDI,and similar decreasing links were observed for both early-onset(0–39 years)and late-onset(≥40 years)cervical cancer.Both ASIR and ASMR of overall cervical cancer showed decreasing trends during 2003–2012(EAPC:0.04%and-1.03%);however,upward trends were observed for early-onset cervical cancer(EAPC:1.16%and 0.57%).If national rates in 2022 remain stable,the estimated cases and deaths from cervical cancer are projected to increase by 56.8%and 80.7%up to 2050.Moreover,the projected increase of early-onset cervical cancer is mainly observed in transitioning countries,while decreased burden is expected in transitioned countries.Conclusions Cervical cancer remains a common cause of cancer death in many countries,especially in transitioning countries.Unless scaling-up preventive interventions,human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination and cervical cancer screening,as well as systematic cooperation within government,civil societies,and private enterprises,the global burden of cervical cancer would be expected to increase in the future.
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)significantly elevates the risk of colorectal cancer(CRC)and complicates its treatment by promoting chemoresistance.Poor glycemic control has been linked to exacerbated CRC progression and diminished chemotherapy efficacy,impacting patient outcomes through various mechanisms such as oxidative stress,activation of metabolic pathways,and altered protein modifications that hinder apoptosis and enhance tumor survival.Clinical evidence shows that T2DM patients experience higher rates of chemoresistance and reduced disease-free survival and overall survival compared to non-diabetic patients.Specifically,those with poor glycemic control exhibit increased chemo-resistance and poorer survival metrics.Antidiabetic treatments,including metformin,acarbose,and gliclazide,show promise in improving chemotherapy response and glycemic management,potentially enhancing patient outcomes.Addressing this challenge requires a comprehensive,multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists,endocrino-logists,and surgeons to optimize patient care.Integrated strategies that prioritize glycemic control are essential for reducing chemoresistance and improving survival in CRC patients with T2DM.
文摘Peripheral immunity forms the foundation of tumor immunity,while tumor immunity represents a more refined adaptation of peripheral immune responses.The tumor microenvironment(TME),a localized niche surrounding tumor cells,is inherently immunosuppressive(1,2).Effective tumor therapy necessitates the dismantling of this microenvironment,aiming to eradicate tumors from the host system.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent tumor in the digestive system,with around one million new cases reported annually,ranking it as the third most common malignancy.Reducing pain is a key research focus.This study evaluates the effect of nalbuphine on the analgesic effect and the expression of pain factors in patients after radical resection.AIM To provide a reference for postoperative analgesia methods.METHODS One hundred eight patients with GC,admitted between January 2022 and June 2024,underwent radical gastrectomy.They received a controlled analgesia pump and a transverse abdominis muscle plane block,divided into two groups of 54 patients in each group.The control group received sufentanil,while the observation group received nalbuphine as an analgesic.Postoperative analgesic effects,pain factor expression,and adverse effects were compared.RESULTS The resting pain and activity pain scores in the observation group at 6,12,24 and 48 hours were significantly lower than those in the control group.Additionally,the number of presses and consumption of the observation group at 48 hours were lower than those of the control group;and the response rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The prostaglandin E2,substance P,and serotonin levels 24 hours after the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the incidence of adverse reactions was 5.56%lower than 22.22%in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The findings suggest that nalbuphine enhances postoperative multimodal analgesia in patients with radical GC,effectively improving postoperative analgesic effect,relieving postoperative resting and active pain,and reducing postoperative pain factor expression,demonstrating its potential for clinical application.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent malignancy worldwide,posing a significant public health concern.Mounting evidence has confirmed that timely early screening facilitates the detection of incipient CRC,thereby enhancing patient prognosis.Obviously,non-participation of asymptomatic individuals in screening programs hampers early diagnosis and may adversely affect long-term outcomes for CRC patients.In this letter,we provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of early screening practices,while also thoroughly examine the dilemmas and potential solutions associated with early screening for CRC.In response to these issues,we proffer a set of recommendations directed at governmental authorities and the general public,which focus on augmenting financial investment,establishing standardized screening protocols,advancing technological capabilities,and bolstering public awareness campaigns.The importance of collaborative efforts from various stakeholders cannot be overstated in the quest to enhance early detection rates and alleviate the societal burden of CRC.
基金supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(no.ZR2020MH319).
文摘Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is currently the most heterogeneous and aggressive breast cancer type.It has a high recurrence rate,poor clinical prospects,and lack of predictive markers and potential treatment options.Dysregulated microRNAs(miRNAs)are involved in various cellular processes in TNBC.Moreover,variations in the miRNA levels in TNBC may act as a dependable indicator for predicting the effectiveness and specificity of treatments.Currently,the application of miRNAs for breast cancer therapy is primarily in the preclinical stage,with a focus on identifying highly specific and sensitive miRNAs that could offer new possibilities for early diagnosis,clinical treat-ment,and prognostic monitoring of TNBC.
基金Supported by Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ISABIAL,No.P42022-0275.
文摘AIM To analyze the diagnostic performance of surveillance colonoscopy,computed tomography(CT),and tumor markers(TMs)in detecting CRC recurrence or metastasis during follow-up after CRC resection.Secondary objectives included degree of adherence to clinical practice guidelines surveillance recommendations and factors associated with adherence and all-cause and CRC mortality.METHODS The single-center retrospective cohort study including patients undergoing curative resection of stage I-III CRC during 2010-2015.Follow-up was performed using TMs every 6 months,yearly CT for 5 years,and colonoscopy at years 1 and 4.Demographic,primary tumor data,and results at follow-up were collected.RESULTS Of 574 included patients included,153 had recurrences or metastases.Of this group,136(88.9%)were diagnosed by CT,10(6.5%)by CT and colonoscopy,and 7(4.6%)by colonoscopy;only 67.8%showed TMs elevation.Adherence to follow-up recommendations was 68.8%for the first colonoscopy,74%for the first CT scan,and 96.6%for the first blood test;these values declined over time.Younger age at diagnosis[odds ratio(OR)0.93;95%CI:0.91-0.95],CRC stages I-II(OR 0.38;95%CI:0.24-0.61),and adherence to follow-up recommendations(OR 0.30;95%CI:0.20-0.46)were independently associated with lower risk for all-cause death at 5 years.CONCLUSION CT scan had the highest diagnostic yield.Adherence to follow-up recommendations was low and decreased during follow-up.Younger age at diagnosis,stage,and follow-up adherence were associated with lower 5-year mortality.
基金Supported by Gansu Province Joint Fund General Program,No.24JRRA878Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Program Project,No.24JRRA1020+2 种基金Gansu Province Key Talent Program,No.2025RCXM006Teaching Research and Reform Program for Postgraduate Education at Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(GUSTCM),No.YBXM-202406Special Fund for Mentors of“Qihuang Talents”in the First-Level Discipline of Chinese Medicine,No.ZYXKBD-202415。
文摘BACKGROUND Emerging evidence implicates Candida albicans(C.albicans)in human oncogenesis.Notably,studies have supported its involvement in regulating outcomes in colorectal cancer(CRC).This study investigated the paradoxical role of C.albicans in CRC,aiming to determine whether it promotes or suppresses tumor development,with a focus on the mechanistic basis linked to its metabolic profile.AIM To investigate the dual role of C.albicans in the development and progression of CRC through metabolite profiling and to establish a prognostic model that integrates the microbial and metabolic interactions in CRC,providing insights into potential therapeutic strategies and clinical outcomes.METHODSA prognostic model integrating C. albicans with CRC was developed, incorporating enrichment analysis, immuneinfiltration profiling, survival analysis, Mendelian randomization, single-cell sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics.The effects of the C. albicans metabolite mixture on CRC cells were subsequently validated in vitro. Theprimary metabolite composition was characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.RESULTSA prognostic model based on five specific mRNA markers, EHD4, LIME1, GADD45B, TIMP1, and FDFT1, wasestablished. The C. albicans metabolite mixture significantly reduced CRC cell viability. Post-treatment analysisrevealed a significant decrease in gene expression in HT29 cells, while the expression levels of TIMP1, EHD4, andGADD45B were significantly elevated in HCT116 cells. Conversely, LIME1 expression and that of other CRC celllines showed reductions. In normal colonic epithelial cells (NCM460), GADD45B, TIMP1, and FDFT1 expressionlevels were significantly increased, while LIME1 and EHD4 levels were markedly reduced. Following metabolitetreatment, the invasive and migratory capabilities of NCM460, HT29, and HCT116 cells were reduced. Quantitativeanalysis of extracellular ATP post-treatment showed a significant elevation (P < 0.01). The C. albicans metabolitemixture had no effect on reactive oxygen species accumulation in CRC cells but led to a reduction in mitochondrialmembrane potential, increased intracellular lipid peroxidation, and induced apoptosis. Metabolomic profilingrevealed significant alterations, with 516 metabolites upregulated and 531 downregulated.CONCLUSIONThis study introduced a novel prognostic model for CRC risk assessment. The findings suggested that the C.albicans metabolite mixture exerted an inhibitory effect on CRC initiation.
基金the Research Project of the Chinese Digestive Early Cancer Physicians’Joint Growth Program,No.GTCZ-2021-AH-34-0012.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide,especially in East Asia.AIM To explore the clinical outcomes and progression-related factors of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(LGIN)in the gastric mucosa and provide valuable guidance for improving treatment efficacy.METHODS A total of 357 patients diagnosed with LGIN based on initial pathological examination in Anhui Provincial Hospital or three other medical consortium units between January 2022 and June 2024 were included.Among them,296 patients were followed up with endoscopic and biopsy pathology.Logistic regression was utilized to analyze the relevant risk factors for LGIN progression in the gastric mucosa.RESULTS The distribution sites of LGIN among the 357 patients were as follows:Gastric antrum(54.6%),gastric cardia(24.1%),gastric angulus(8.7%),gastric body(4.8%),gastric fundus(4.8%),and multiple sites(3.1%).Additionally,of the 357 patients with LGIN,112(31.4%)developed ulceration and 59(16.5%)experienced gastric polyps.Furthermore,231 of the 357(64.71%)patients with LGIN tested positive for Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.The H.pylori infection rates of the patients with LGIN with accompanying atrophy,intestinal metaplasia,and gastric ulcer were 51.95%,59.31%,and 28.57%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age≥60 years[odds ratio(OR)=3.063,95%confidence interval(CI):1.351-6.945,P=0.007],H.pylori infection(OR=3.560,95%CI:1.158-10.949,P=0.027),multiple locations(OR=10.136,95%CI:2.045-50.237,P=0.005),lesion size≥2 cm(OR=3.921,95%CI:1.664-9.237,P=0.002),and gastric ulcer(OR=2.730,95%CI:1.197-6.223,P=0.017)were predictive factors for LGIN progression.CONCLUSION LGIN progression is closely related to age,H.pylori positivity,multiple locations,lesion size≥2 cm,and gastric ulcer.Thus,actively identifying these risk factors in patients with LGIN may have certain clinical significance in preventing further tumor progression.
文摘Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most challenging malignancies to treat,with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options.Despite the success of immunotherapy and targeted therapies for other cancers,these approaches have not yet transformed the treatment landscape for pancreatic cancer.The unique tumor microenvironment(TME)of pancreatic cancer,characterized by dense fibrotic stroma and immunosuppressive myeloid cells,poses significant barriers to effective immunotherapy.Current research highlights the need for an in-depth understanding of the TME and the development of strategies to overcome its immunosuppressive properties.Recent studies have explored various immunotherapeutic approaches,including immune checkpoint inhibitors,cancer vaccines,and adoptive cell therapies,some of which have shown promising results in preclinical and early clinical trials.Furthermore,combining immunotherapy with traditional treatments,such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy,has shown potential for enhancing antitumor efficacy,although targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer are still in their early stages and are being investigated for their ability to disrupt specific molecular pathways involved in tumor growth and survival.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advances in immunotherapy and targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer,discussing the current state of research,clinical outcomes,and future directions for improving patient prognosis.
基金Supported by the Medical Talents of Wuhan Health and Family Planning Commission,No.2017[51](to Yu J)the Medical Talents of Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine(to Yu J)+1 种基金the Hubei Natural Science Foundation,No.2023AFB1091Wuhan Medical Research Project,No.WX23A36(to Yu J).
文摘BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA),also known as bile duct cancer,is a devastating malignancy primarily affecting the biliary tract.AIM To assess their performance in clinical diagnosis and monitoring of CCA,plasma methylation and circulating tumor cells were detected.METHODS Plasma samples were collected from Hubei Cancer Hospital(n=156).Plasma DNA was tested to detect SHOX2,HOXA9,SEPTIN9,and RASSF1A methylation using TaqMan PCR.Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)were detected in the peripheral blood of patients using the United States Food and Drug Administration-approved cell search system before and after clinical therapy.The CCA diagnostic value was estimated using the area under the curve.The independent prognosis risk factors for patients with CCA were estimated using Cox and logistic regression analyses.RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of the four DNA plasma methylations exhibited 64.74%sensitivity and 93.88%specificity for detecting CCA.The receiver operating characteristic curve of the combined value for CCA diagnosis in plasma was 0.828±0.032.RASSF1A plasma methylation was related to the prognosis of patients with CCA.We determined the prognostic hazard ratio for CCA using CTC count,tumor stage,methylation,and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels as key factors.Our overall survival nomogram achieved a C-index of 0.705(0.605-0.805).CONCLUSION SHOX2,HOXA9,SEPTIN9,and RASSF1A plasma methylation demonstrated increased sensitivity for diagnosing CCA.RASSF1A plasma methylation and CTCs were valuable predictors to assess CCA prognosis and recurrence.
基金Supported by the National Human Genetic Resources Sharing Service Platform,No.PT-2024-0303Qingdao Medical and Health Research Guidance Project,No.2023-WJZD202.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks among the top causes of cancer-related fatalities globally.Recent progress in genomics,proteomics,and bioinformatics has greatly improved our comprehension of the molecular underpinnings of CRC,paving the way for targeted therapies and immunotherapies.Nonetheless,obstacles such as tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance persist,hindering advancements in treatment efficacy.In this context,the integration of artificial intelligence(AI)and organoid technology presents promising new avenues.AI can analyze genetic and clinical data to forecast disease risk,prognosis,and treatment responses,thereby expediting drug development and tailoring treatment plans.Organoids replicate the genetic traits and biological behaviors of tumors,acting as platforms for drug testing and the formulation of personalized treatment approaches.Despite notable strides in CRC research and treatment-from genetic insights to therapeutic innovations-numerous challenges endure,including the intricate tumor microen-vironment,tumor heterogeneity,adverse effects of immunotherapies,issues related to AI data quality and privacy,and the need for standardization in organoid culture.Future initiatives should concentrate on clarifying the pathogenesis of CRC,refining AI algorithms and organoid models,and creating more effective therapeutic strategies to alleviate the global impact of CRC.
基金the financial support from Henan Province Natural Science Foundation(No.252300420583)Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project(Nos.242102310455,242102310473,242102310517)the Key Project of Science and Technology Research funded by the Henan Provincial Department of Education(No.24A350002)。
文摘Liver cancer is the fourth cause of cancer-related deaths and the primary cause of death in patients with compensated cirrhosis.In recent years,the role of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of liver cancer has attracted more and more attention and recognition.Luteolin(LUT)and glycyrrhetinic(GA)are natural compounds extracted from Chinese herbal medicine.LUT exhibits various biological activity including anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,antiviral,anti-tumor,and neuroprotective effects.GA significantly inhibits the growth and metastasis of cancer cells.However,the low water solubility of both compounds hinders their clinical applications.In this study,rod-shaped nanoparticles(NPs)self-assembled from LUT and GA were designed to enhance drug solubility and tumor-targeting capability.We verified that the assembly mechanism of the NPs was π-π stacking.These NPs significantly inhibited the proliferation of liver cancer cells while had no significant effect on normal liver cells.In a mouse model of liver cancer,these NPs demonstrated superior tumor-targeting ability due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect,and the affinity of GA for liver cancer cells,resulting in better therapeutic efficacy with lower systemic toxicity.Results of network pharmacology analysis showed that LUT and GA respectively targeted estrogen receptor 1(ESR1)protein and cyclin-dependent kinase 1(CDK1)protein to corporately induce tumor cell cycle arrest,which induced the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation.In conclusion,this study provides a novel reference for the treatment of liver cancer.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(2020SK2073).
文摘Objective:Previous studies have demonstrated that the metals cadmium and arsenic exhibit estrogen-like effects and may influence the occurrence and development of gynecological tumors.This study aims to explore the association between urinary cadmium and arsenic levels and the prevalence of gynecologic cancers using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).Methods:Data from female participants in NHANES 2003—2018 were analyzed.Using R software,datasets(DEMO,BMX,etc.)were merged,and complete cases were retained by intersecting row names,yielding a total of 2999 participants.After applying strict exclusion criteria,2802 participants were included:83 with gynecologic cancer(cancer group)and 2719 without(control group).Demographic,reproductive health,and urinary cadmium and arsenic data were collected.Binary Logistic regression models were employed to assess associations between urinary cadmium and arsenic levels and gynecologic cancer risk.Results:High urinary cadmium and arsenic levels were risk factors for gynecologic cancers,with odds ratios(ORs)of 1.623(95%CI 1.217 to 2.166)and 1.003(95%CI 1.001 to 1.005),respectively.After propensity score matching(PSM),the trend remained;cadmium was still a statistically significant risk factor with an OR of 2.182(95%CI 1.343 to 3.545),while arsenic’s association,though not statistically significant,still trended toward risk(OR=1.004,95%CI 0.999 to 1.009).Subgroup analyses showed that both cadmium and arsenic were risk factors for ovarian cancer(OR=1.745,95%CI 1.178 to 2.586 and OR=1.005,95%CI 1.002 to 1.008,respectively);these associations persisted after PSM.Additionally,cadmium increased the risk of endometrial cancer(OR=1.617,95%CI 1.109 to 2.356).Conclusion:Exposure to cadmium and arsenic is associated with an increased risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers.These findings suggest that reducing environmental exposure to heavy metals such as cadmium and arsenic may help prevent certain gynecologic cancers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82272845)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(Grant No.ZR2023LZL001)。
文摘As the leading cause of cancer-related deaths,lung cancer remains a noteworthy threat to human health.Although immunotherapies,such as immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),have significantly increased the efficacy of lung cancer treatment,a significant percentage of patients are not sensitive to immunotherapies and patients who initially respond to treatment can quickly develop acquired drug resistance.Bispecific antibodies(bs Abs)bind two different antigens or epitopes simultaneously and have been shown to enhance antitumor efficacy with suitable safety profiles,thus attracting increasing attention as novel antitumor therapies.At present,in addition to the approved bs Ab,amivantamab,three novel bs Abs(KN046,AK112,and SHR-1701)are being evaluated in phase 3 clinical trials and many bs Abs are being evaluated in phase 1/2 clinical trials for patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Herein we present the structure,classification,and mechanism of action underlying bs Abs in NSCLC and introduce related clinical trials.Finally,we discuss challenges,potential solutions,and future prospects in the context of cancer treatment with bsAbs.
