Color plays an important role in the daily chemical product market,and transparent packaging of daily chemical products are loved by consumers,but it is difficult to avoid fading,discoloration or photodegradation of t...Color plays an important role in the daily chemical product market,and transparent packaging of daily chemical products are loved by consumers,but it is difficult to avoid fading,discoloration or photodegradation of the inner material of the product.UV light is a major contributor to colorant fading,which can affect color stability by damaging chromogenic groups and producing free radicals.In view of this,the combination of four ultraviolet absorbers DHHB,OS,OMC,and MCE was investigated,and the photostability of five common colorants in cosmetics was studied.After 28 days of photostability test,the pigment preservation rate was analyzed,and the results showed that 0.1%of the UV absorber compound could have a certain protective effect on the colorant,and 0.5%of the compound could significantly improve the photostability of the colorant.Adding ultraviolet absorbers to daily chemical products can significantly improve the fading,discoloration or photodegradation of colorants caused by ultraviolet rays.展开更多
With the public’s mature demand in recent times pressurized the textile industry for use of natural colorants,without any harmful effects on environment and aquatic ecosystem,and with more developed functionalities s...With the public’s mature demand in recent times pressurized the textile industry for use of natural colorants,without any harmful effects on environment and aquatic ecosystem,and with more developed functionalities simultaneously.Advanced developments for the natural bio-resources and their sustainable use for multifunctional clothing are gaining pace now.Present review highlights historical overview of natural colorants,classification and predominantly processing of colorants from sources,application on textiles surfaces with the functionalities provided by them.Chemistry of natural colorants on textiles also discussed with relevance to adsorption isotherms and kinetic models for dyeing of textiles.展开更多
In this work,the nano-g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ui O-66-NH_(2)composite was prepared by one-step solvothermal method.The as-prepared composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Brunner-Emmet-Teller measurement,ener...In this work,the nano-g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ui O-66-NH_(2)composite was prepared by one-step solvothermal method.The as-prepared composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Brunner-Emmet-Teller measurement,energy dispersive spectrometer,X-ray diffraction,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.By using nano-g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ui O-66-NH_(2)composite as sorbent,a dispersive solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed to sensitive analysis of food colorants including tartrazine,amaranth,carmine,sunset yellow,allura red and bright blue.The experiment parameters including the amount of sorbent,adsorption time,the p H of adsorption solution,desorption time,desorption solvent,the p H of desorption solution as well as the proportion between desorption solvent and buffer solvent were investigated.Under the optimized conditions,the limits of detection(S/N=3) and limits of quantitation (S/N=10) were determined in the ranges of 0.08-0.8 and 0.2-2.0 ng/m L,respectively.With the developed sample pretreatment method,carmine and brilliant blue were determined from blueberry juice by HPLC-DAD.The contents were calculated as 1.53μg/m L and0.17μg/mL,respectively.展开更多
In order to improve appetite,attract consumers and even conform to the food culture,food coloring has become one of the necessary links in modern food processing.For example,dried-tofu will be colored by adding artifi...In order to improve appetite,attract consumers and even conform to the food culture,food coloring has become one of the necessary links in modern food processing.For example,dried-tofu will be colored by adding artificial food colors(AFCs)such as sunset yellow,cochineal red A or other seasonings like soy sauce.However,the dispute persists about whether AFCs are harmful to health.Some studies indicate AFCs affect children’s intelligence and attention,cause hyperactivity,and allergy when children consumed≥50 mg.In addition,researches showed that chemical soy sauce produces a trace of methylglyoxal(MGO)in the manufacturing process,which is related to diseases such as oxidative stress,diabetes,and cognitive deterioration.Therefore,natural pigments are relatively new and promising strategy for replacing high-risk AFCs.Thus,the objective of this study was to use dried-tofu as a natural colorants coloring screening platform,through the concept of three primary colors to discuss the coloring effects of natural colorants in Taiwan in double–phase(liquid phase to solid phase)food coloring system and assess the effects of MGO on PC12 neuron cellular morphology and cell cycle at the dietary exposure in soy sauce.Our results showed that formula G:R=0.2:0.8 and C:R=0.08:0.92 were coloring by combined natural colorants had the same eye sensory quality acceptance of consumer and had the intention to purchase.Furthermore,the results from the PC12 cell suggested that dietary exposure of methylglyoxal(<50M)in soy sauce did not affect neuron cellular morphology and cell cycle significantly.Overall,Gardenia Yellow,Curcumin,and Radish Red could overcome the application restrictions in multiplephase food coloring system and simultaneously soy sauce as a coloring agent was safety.It showed the possibility of them as food colorants on dried-tofu.展开更多
A study was conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity, if any, of the permitted synthetic food colorants used in India. Eight synthetic food colorants namely Erythrosine （E 127）, Tartrazine （E 102）, Ponceau 4R （E 12...A study was conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity, if any, of the permitted synthetic food colorants used in India. Eight synthetic food colorants namely Erythrosine （E 127）, Tartrazine （E 102）, Ponceau 4R （E 124）, Sunset Yellow FCF （E 110）, Brilliant Blue FCF （E133）, Fast Green FCF （E143）, Carmoisine （E122） and Indigo Carmine （E132） and their combination are used in sweets namely Ladu, Jilebi and Halwa in Calicut and suburban areas of Kerala, in India. The genotoxicity of the colorants alone and in combinations at different concentrations were evaluated by Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus （CBMN） Assay. It was observed that all the above colorants and their combinations could cause genotoxicity to human lymphocytes even at the permissible concentration of 100 ppm as per PFA （Prevention of Food Adulteration） Act of India. The toxicity varied from dye to dye and was proportional to their concentration. Combination of colors showed more toxicity than the individual components. Toxicity could be reduced drastically by reducing the concentration of the dyes at least 50% below the permissible limit. Permitted synthetic food colorants even at the permissible limit should be used with caution. This study demonstrated the need for redefining the permissible limit of the food colorants based on Admissible Daily Intake （ADI） as being practiced in developed countries.展开更多
Natural pigments and colorants are widely used in the world in many industries such as textile dying,food processing or cosmetic manufacturing.Among the natural products of interest are various compounds belonging to ...Natural pigments and colorants are widely used in the world in many industries such as textile dying,food processing or cosmetic manufacturing.Among the natural products of interest are various compounds belonging to carotenoids,anthocyanins,chlorophylls,melanins,betalains...The review emphasizes pigments with anthraquinoid skeleton and gives an overview on hydroxyanthraquinoids described in Nature,the first one ever published.Trends in consumption,production and regulation of natural food grade colorants are given,in the current global market.The second part focuses on the description of the chemical structures of the main anthraquinoid colouring compounds,their properties and their biosynthetic pathways.Main natural sources of such pigments are summarized,followed by discussion about toxicity and carcinogenicity observed in some cases.As a conclusion,current industrial applications of natural hydroxyanthraquinoids are described with two examples,carminic acid from an insect and Arpink red^(™)from a filamentous fungus.展开更多
The effects of three organic colorants on photo-initiated crosslinking and photo-oxidation degradation of polyethylene (PE) samples irradiated by microwave excited (MWE) UV lamp in the melt and the related mechanism h...The effects of three organic colorants on photo-initiated crosslinking and photo-oxidation degradation of polyethylene (PE) samples irradiated by microwave excited (MWE) UV lamp in the melt and the related mechanism have been studied by gel content and thermal extension rate determinations,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),mechanical property tests,UV spectroscopy,and light microscope.The data from the gel content and thermal extension rate determinations of photo-crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) sample...展开更多
Food colorants are widely used in the food industry to maintain or enhance product color. However, as the use of these colorants can have negative impacts on health, it is essential to analyze the risks associated wit...Food colorants are widely used in the food industry to maintain or enhance product color. However, as the use of these colorants can have negative impacts on health, it is essential to analyze the risks associated with their consumption. This analysis requires, among other things, obtaining sufficient data on the presence of these colorants in foods, as well as their level of consumption. However, data on these colorants is often virtually non-existent in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the colorant profile of industrial products marketed in Senegal. Information on food additives was collected on 399 labels of different food product categories in shops located in Dakar. Data is recorded and processed using Excel software. Based on the Codex classification, analysis of the profile of additives identified on the labels of food samples revealed the presence of 31 colorants. The natural colorants identified are dominated by beta-carotene, widely present in beverages and dairy products, and paprika extract identified on cookies and industrial sauces. Artificial colors are dominated caramels present in several foods including bouillons, vinegars, sauces and hard candies. Secondly, there was a strong presence of the azo dye Sunset yellow FCF, widely found in samples of beverages, confectionery and cookies. The results of this case study enable us to appreciate the wide presence and diversity of colorants on the Senegalese market, and the importance of controlling them to guarantee consumer safety.展开更多
Nontoxic colorant from rare earths is expected to be put into full production in the current year in Baotou, the biggest city in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, following a decision by the local government to up...Nontoxic colorant from rare earths is expected to be put into full production in the current year in Baotou, the biggest city in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, following a decision by the local government to upgrade the rare earths industry to value-added processes against previously mining the raw materials. "Due to its perfect coloring and nontoxic properties the coloring agent, mainly for plastics and leathers, can replace most existing dyes in the market," said Zhang Hongjie, inventor of the colorant and member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.展开更多
Ancellotta and Aspirant Bouchet,Vitis vinifera L.,are wines with a high anthocyanin concentration that have been used to increase color in high-quality red wines.This work was focused on the encapsulation of Ancellott...Ancellotta and Aspirant Bouchet,Vitis vinifera L.,are wines with a high anthocyanin concentration that have been used to increase color in high-quality red wines.This work was focused on the encapsulation of Ancellotta(ANCE)and Aspirant Bouchet(AB)wines by spray drying and obtaining wine powders(WP)with a high concentration of phenolic compounds.Spray drying conditions were optimized and the phenolic compounds in the WP were characterized.All WP were evaluated for moisture content,water activity,color parameters,anthocyanins,and flavan-3-ols composition.There was no significant difference in total anthocyanins content of ANCE and AB WP when inlet air temperature increased from 135 to 145°C with a fixed carrier concentration of 8%(w/w)but a decrease in the total anthocyanins was observed when carrier concentration increased to 10%(w/w).Regarding color evaluation,ANCE and AB WP corresponded to the fourth quadrant of color space CIELAB indicating blue-red color(348–357°),characteristic of anthocyanins and wine.In general,the values of hue angle were not affected at higher percentages of carrier agent,consequently,an increase in the ratio carrier-wine did not lead to a dilution of material.These results indicate that inlet air temperature(in the selected range)did not influence the anthocyanin profile in the WP and has allowed for optimization of the conditions to obtain phenolic-rich colored powders with potential use as natural antioxidants and food colorants.展开更多
[Objectives]To distinguish loquat flesh color,thereby guiding early-age selection in loquat hybrid progeny.[Methods]Molecular markers based on the phytoene synthase gene(PSY)of loquat were applied to a hybrid progeny ...[Objectives]To distinguish loquat flesh color,thereby guiding early-age selection in loquat hybrid progeny.[Methods]Molecular markers based on the phytoene synthase gene(PSY)of loquat were applied to a hybrid progeny population derived from a cross between‘Zaozhong 6’and a local wild white-fleshed loquat resource‘DB1’.[Results]Among the 49 hybrid progeny,24 were identified as white-fleshed loquat resources and 25 as yellow-fleshed loquat resources.[Conclusions]The molecular marker of the PSY gene can effectively distinguish loquat flesh color and is of significant importance for guiding early-age selection in loquat hybrid breeding.展开更多
The Pantone Color of the Year 2026,PANTONE 11-4201 Cloud Dancer,has been introduced as a soft,lofty white symbolizing calm and clarity in an increasingly noisy world.This gentle shade invites a sense of peace and spac...The Pantone Color of the Year 2026,PANTONE 11-4201 Cloud Dancer,has been introduced as a soft,lofty white symbolizing calm and clarity in an increasingly noisy world.This gentle shade invites a sense of peace and spaciousness,encouraging focus and creating room for creativity and reflection.Cloud Dancer embodies a desire for simplicity and renewal-a blank canvas that allows our minds to wander and new ideas to take shape.Its expansive presence fosters environments where tranquility meets inspiration,offering visual calm that supports wellbeing and mental lightness.展开更多
Flexible and wearable sensors offer immense potential for rehabilitation medicine,but most rely solely on electrical signals,lacking real-time visual feedback and limiting trainee's interactivity.Inspired by the s...Flexible and wearable sensors offer immense potential for rehabilitation medicine,but most rely solely on electrical signals,lacking real-time visual feedback and limiting trainee's interactivity.Inspired by the structural coloration of Cyanocitta stelleri feathers,we developed a dual-mode sensor by utilizing black conductive polymer hydrogel(CPH)-enhanced structural color strategy.This sensor integrates a hydroxypropyl cellulose(HPC)-based structural color interface with a designed CPH sensing component.Highly visible light-absorbing CPH(absorption rate>88%)serves as the critical substrate for enhancing structural color performance.By absorbing incoherent scattered light and suppressing background interference,it significantly enhances the saturation of structural color,thereby achieving a high contrast index of 4.92.Unlike the faint and hardly visible structural colors on non-black substrates,the HPC on CPH displays vivid,highly perceptible colors and desirable mechanochromic behavior.Moreover,the CPH acts as a flexible sensing element,fortified by hydrogen and coordination bond networks,and exhibits exceptional electromechanical properties,including 867.1 kPa tensile strength,strain sensitivity(gauge factor of 4.24),and outstanding durability(over 4400 cycles).Compared to traditional single-mode sensors,the integrated sensor provides real-time visual and digital dual feedback,enhancing the accuracy and interactivity of rehabilitation assessments.This technology holds promise for advancing next-generation rehabilitation medicine.展开更多
A t-tone coloring of a graph assigns t distinct colors to each vertex with vertices at distance d having fewer than d colors in common.The t-tone chromatic number of a graph is the smallest number of colors used in al...A t-tone coloring of a graph assigns t distinct colors to each vertex with vertices at distance d having fewer than d colors in common.The t-tone chromatic number of a graph is the smallest number of colors used in all t-tone colorings of that graph.In this article,we study t-tone coloring of some finite planar lattices and obtain exact formulas for their t-tone chromatic number.展开更多
By leveraging the unique qualities of microorganisms,engineered living materials(ELMs)offer functional and economic advantages in everyday applications along with notable ecological benefits.This study contributes to ...By leveraging the unique qualities of microorganisms,engineered living materials(ELMs)offer functional and economic advantages in everyday applications along with notable ecological benefits.This study contributes to the growing field of biodesign by examining the potential of Flavobacteria for thermochromic ELMs.Many Flavobacteria,commonly found in marine environments,produce iridescent structural colorations as their colonies expand on semi-solid surfaces through gliding motility.In this study,we analyzed the effects of temperature variations on flavobacterium Cellulophaga lytica PLY A 2,characterizing distinct changes in colony growth and iridescent colorations at a macroscopic and microscopic scale.Using scanning electron microscopy,we investigated the relationship between iridescent color and the underlying cell-based optical structures.By providing insights into the temperature-responsive behavior of Flavobacteria,our findings highlight their potential for future thermochromic ELMs-with applications ranging from sustainable food packaging to smart textiles-while encouraging further characterization studies within biodesign research.展开更多
Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challengin...Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challenging due to its large genome size and high proportion of repetitive sequences.Allele-specific expression(ASE)plays a key role in regulating plant development and evolution,yet research on ASE in coconut is limited(Shao et al.,2019;Li et al.,2021;Zhang et al.,2021;Hu et al.,2022).Among phenotypic traits,fruit color is especially important as an indicator of maturity,guiding harvest timing and post-harvest processes(Kapoor et al.,2022).While prior studies have explored various coconut traits such as salt tolerance,fiber content,and plant height(Wang et al.,2021;Yang et al.,2021),investigations into ASE and fruit color remain scarce.展开更多
Osmanthus fragrans is most famous for its strong aroma,and different varieties have different degrees of fragrance and color.Fragrance and color are important factors affecting the ornamental quality of O.fragrans.Ter...Osmanthus fragrans is most famous for its strong aroma,and different varieties have different degrees of fragrance and color.Fragrance and color are important factors affecting the ornamental quality of O.fragrans.Terpenoids are important secondary metabolites in plants,with β-carotene(C40)being the major pigment substance and linalool(C10)being the key aromatic component in O.fragrans.The geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase genes(GGPPSs)play important roles in secondary metabolism in plants.However,the functions of the GGPPS family in floral color and fragrance formation has rarely been reported in O.fragrans.In this study,24 Of GGPPS genes were identified and classified into two subfamilies.The Of GGPPSs showed tissue-specific expression and Of GGPPS13 had highest expression in flowers.The Of GGPPS13 protein was localized to chloroplasts.The transcriptome data of Of GGPPS13 was verified by q RT-PCR and the expression level in‘Wanyingui'with strong aroma was higher than that in‘Zhuangyuanhong'with deep color at different flower development stages.Transient overexpression of Of GGPPS13 in O.fragrans petals showed that Of GGPPS13 increased the β-carotene content,the main color substance of O.fragrans,but decreased the linalool content,the main volatile organic compound(VOC)in the floral aroma of O.fragrans.Of GGPPS13 was indicated as the critical gene related to terpenoid synthesis in the floral aroma and color formation in O.fragrans.Our findings provide gene resources on the GGPPS gene family for further revealing the molecular regulation mechanism of the floral color and aroma formation in O.fragrans.展开更多
Retinal diseases are a serious threat to human visual health and their early diagnosis is crucial.Currently,most of the retinal disease diagnostic algorithms are based on a single imaging modality of fundus color phot...Retinal diseases are a serious threat to human visual health and their early diagnosis is crucial.Currently,most of the retinal disease diagnostic algorithms are based on a single imaging modality of fundus color photography(FCP)or optical coherence tomography(OCT).These methods can only reflect retinal diseases to a certain extent,ignoring the speci ficity of modalities between different imaging modalities.In this research,a newmulti-scale feature fusion network(MSFF-Net)model for multi-modal retinal image diagnosis is proposed.The MSFF-Net model employs a dualbranch architecture design,enabling efficient learning and extraction of multi-modal feature information related to retinal diseases from CFP and OCT images.MSFF-Net improves disease diagnosis by combining multi-scale features of CFP and OCT images.When evaluated on challenging datasets,the model achieved an accuracy of 95.00%and an F1-score of 95.24%for retinal disease diagnosis.Even under low-quality dataset conditions,it maintained robust performance,with diagnostic accuracy and F1-scores of 71.50%and 71.73%,respectively.In addition,the MSFFNet model outperformed eight state-of-the-art single and multi-modal models in the comparison experiments.The proposed MSFF-Net model provides ophthalmologists with a more accurate and efficient diagnostic pathway that helps them detect and treat retinal diseases earlier.展开更多
Natural pigments are widely utilized as food additives nowadays to impart color or improve the taste of the food products.These pigments are significant food compounds used in the food industry due to their diverse nu...Natural pigments are widely utilized as food additives nowadays to impart color or improve the taste of the food products.These pigments are significant food compounds used in the food industry due to their diverse nutritional and functional attributes.Color is the essential part of any food as it affects the consumer acceptability of the products.Recently consumer interest has shifted towards natural pigments as food colorants due to their high safety margins.Food industries prefer the use of natural pigments for foods and drinks owing to the harmful and undesirable effects of artificial pigments.These pigments include betalains-betaxanthin,betacyanin,flavonoids-anthocyanins,carotenoids-lutein,zeaxanthin,β-carotene,and chlorophylls-chlorophyllins,etc.There are some restrictions associated with the use of natural pigments based on the source of the pigment,quantity,and product nature.This review illustrates applications of permitted pigments in diversified food models and highlights their advantages as food ingredients.展开更多
Advances in software and hardware technologies have facilitated the production of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).Nowadays,people actively use quadrotor UAVs in essential missions such as search and rescue,co...Advances in software and hardware technologies have facilitated the production of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).Nowadays,people actively use quadrotor UAVs in essential missions such as search and rescue,counter-terrorism,firefighting,surveillance,and cargo transportation.While performing these tasks,quadrotors must operate in noisy environments.Therefore,a robust controller design that can control the altitude and attitude of the quadrotor in noisy environments is of great importance.Many researchers have focused only on white Gaussian noise in their studies,whereas researchers need to consider the effects of all colored noises during the operation of the quadrotor.This study aims to design a robust controller that is resistant to all colored noises.Firstly,a nonlinear quadrotormodel was created with MATLAB.Then,a backstepping controller resistant to colored noises was designed.Thedesigned backstepping controller was tested under Gaussian white,pink,brown,blue,and purple noises.PID and Lyapunov-based controller designswere also carried out,and their time responses(rise time,overshoot,settling time)were compared with those of the backstepping controller.In the simulations,time was in seconds,altitude was in meters,and roll,pitch,and yaw references were in radians.Rise and settling time values were in seconds,and overshoot value was in percent.When the obtained values are examined,simulations prove that the proposed backstepping controller has the least overshoot and the shortest settling time under all noise types.展开更多
文摘Color plays an important role in the daily chemical product market,and transparent packaging of daily chemical products are loved by consumers,but it is difficult to avoid fading,discoloration or photodegradation of the inner material of the product.UV light is a major contributor to colorant fading,which can affect color stability by damaging chromogenic groups and producing free radicals.In view of this,the combination of four ultraviolet absorbers DHHB,OS,OMC,and MCE was investigated,and the photostability of five common colorants in cosmetics was studied.After 28 days of photostability test,the pigment preservation rate was analyzed,and the results showed that 0.1%of the UV absorber compound could have a certain protective effect on the colorant,and 0.5%of the compound could significantly improve the photostability of the colorant.Adding ultraviolet absorbers to daily chemical products can significantly improve the fading,discoloration or photodegradation of colorants caused by ultraviolet rays.
文摘With the public’s mature demand in recent times pressurized the textile industry for use of natural colorants,without any harmful effects on environment and aquatic ecosystem,and with more developed functionalities simultaneously.Advanced developments for the natural bio-resources and their sustainable use for multifunctional clothing are gaining pace now.Present review highlights historical overview of natural colorants,classification and predominantly processing of colorants from sources,application on textiles surfaces with the functionalities provided by them.Chemistry of natural colorants on textiles also discussed with relevance to adsorption isotherms and kinetic models for dyeing of textiles.
基金sponsored by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.22076038)Natural Science Foundation of Henan (No.202300410044)。
文摘In this work,the nano-g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ui O-66-NH_(2)composite was prepared by one-step solvothermal method.The as-prepared composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Brunner-Emmet-Teller measurement,energy dispersive spectrometer,X-ray diffraction,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.By using nano-g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ui O-66-NH_(2)composite as sorbent,a dispersive solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed to sensitive analysis of food colorants including tartrazine,amaranth,carmine,sunset yellow,allura red and bright blue.The experiment parameters including the amount of sorbent,adsorption time,the p H of adsorption solution,desorption time,desorption solvent,the p H of desorption solution as well as the proportion between desorption solvent and buffer solvent were investigated.Under the optimized conditions,the limits of detection(S/N=3) and limits of quantitation (S/N=10) were determined in the ranges of 0.08-0.8 and 0.2-2.0 ng/m L,respectively.With the developed sample pretreatment method,carmine and brilliant blue were determined from blueberry juice by HPLC-DAD.The contents were calculated as 1.53μg/m L and0.17μg/mL,respectively.
基金This study was supportedby the Ministry of Science and Technology[105-2320-B-002-031-MY3,105-2628-B-002-003-MY3].
文摘In order to improve appetite,attract consumers and even conform to the food culture,food coloring has become one of the necessary links in modern food processing.For example,dried-tofu will be colored by adding artificial food colors(AFCs)such as sunset yellow,cochineal red A or other seasonings like soy sauce.However,the dispute persists about whether AFCs are harmful to health.Some studies indicate AFCs affect children’s intelligence and attention,cause hyperactivity,and allergy when children consumed≥50 mg.In addition,researches showed that chemical soy sauce produces a trace of methylglyoxal(MGO)in the manufacturing process,which is related to diseases such as oxidative stress,diabetes,and cognitive deterioration.Therefore,natural pigments are relatively new and promising strategy for replacing high-risk AFCs.Thus,the objective of this study was to use dried-tofu as a natural colorants coloring screening platform,through the concept of three primary colors to discuss the coloring effects of natural colorants in Taiwan in double–phase(liquid phase to solid phase)food coloring system and assess the effects of MGO on PC12 neuron cellular morphology and cell cycle at the dietary exposure in soy sauce.Our results showed that formula G:R=0.2:0.8 and C:R=0.08:0.92 were coloring by combined natural colorants had the same eye sensory quality acceptance of consumer and had the intention to purchase.Furthermore,the results from the PC12 cell suggested that dietary exposure of methylglyoxal(<50M)in soy sauce did not affect neuron cellular morphology and cell cycle significantly.Overall,Gardenia Yellow,Curcumin,and Radish Red could overcome the application restrictions in multiplephase food coloring system and simultaneously soy sauce as a coloring agent was safety.It showed the possibility of them as food colorants on dried-tofu.
文摘A study was conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity, if any, of the permitted synthetic food colorants used in India. Eight synthetic food colorants namely Erythrosine （E 127）, Tartrazine （E 102）, Ponceau 4R （E 124）, Sunset Yellow FCF （E 110）, Brilliant Blue FCF （E133）, Fast Green FCF （E143）, Carmoisine （E122） and Indigo Carmine （E132） and their combination are used in sweets namely Ladu, Jilebi and Halwa in Calicut and suburban areas of Kerala, in India. The genotoxicity of the colorants alone and in combinations at different concentrations were evaluated by Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus （CBMN） Assay. It was observed that all the above colorants and their combinations could cause genotoxicity to human lymphocytes even at the permissible concentration of 100 ppm as per PFA （Prevention of Food Adulteration） Act of India. The toxicity varied from dye to dye and was proportional to their concentration. Combination of colors showed more toxicity than the individual components. Toxicity could be reduced drastically by reducing the concentration of the dyes at least 50% below the permissible limit. Permitted synthetic food colorants even at the permissible limit should be used with caution. This study demonstrated the need for redefining the permissible limit of the food colorants based on Admissible Daily Intake （ADI） as being practiced in developed countries.
文摘Natural pigments and colorants are widely used in the world in many industries such as textile dying,food processing or cosmetic manufacturing.Among the natural products of interest are various compounds belonging to carotenoids,anthocyanins,chlorophylls,melanins,betalains...The review emphasizes pigments with anthraquinoid skeleton and gives an overview on hydroxyanthraquinoids described in Nature,the first one ever published.Trends in consumption,production and regulation of natural food grade colorants are given,in the current global market.The second part focuses on the description of the chemical structures of the main anthraquinoid colouring compounds,their properties and their biosynthetic pathways.Main natural sources of such pigments are summarized,followed by discussion about toxicity and carcinogenicity observed in some cases.As a conclusion,current industrial applications of natural hydroxyanthraquinoids are described with two examples,carminic acid from an insect and Arpink red^(™)from a filamentous fungus.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20704040).
文摘The effects of three organic colorants on photo-initiated crosslinking and photo-oxidation degradation of polyethylene (PE) samples irradiated by microwave excited (MWE) UV lamp in the melt and the related mechanism have been studied by gel content and thermal extension rate determinations,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),mechanical property tests,UV spectroscopy,and light microscope.The data from the gel content and thermal extension rate determinations of photo-crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) sample...
文摘Food colorants are widely used in the food industry to maintain or enhance product color. However, as the use of these colorants can have negative impacts on health, it is essential to analyze the risks associated with their consumption. This analysis requires, among other things, obtaining sufficient data on the presence of these colorants in foods, as well as their level of consumption. However, data on these colorants is often virtually non-existent in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the colorant profile of industrial products marketed in Senegal. Information on food additives was collected on 399 labels of different food product categories in shops located in Dakar. Data is recorded and processed using Excel software. Based on the Codex classification, analysis of the profile of additives identified on the labels of food samples revealed the presence of 31 colorants. The natural colorants identified are dominated by beta-carotene, widely present in beverages and dairy products, and paprika extract identified on cookies and industrial sauces. Artificial colors are dominated caramels present in several foods including bouillons, vinegars, sauces and hard candies. Secondly, there was a strong presence of the azo dye Sunset yellow FCF, widely found in samples of beverages, confectionery and cookies. The results of this case study enable us to appreciate the wide presence and diversity of colorants on the Senegalese market, and the importance of controlling them to guarantee consumer safety.
文摘Nontoxic colorant from rare earths is expected to be put into full production in the current year in Baotou, the biggest city in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, following a decision by the local government to upgrade the rare earths industry to value-added processes against previously mining the raw materials. "Due to its perfect coloring and nontoxic properties the coloring agent, mainly for plastics and leathers, can replace most existing dyes in the market," said Zhang Hongjie, inventor of the colorant and member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
基金supported in Spain by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness(MINECO,project ref PID2021-127126OB-C21 cofounded by FEDER)by Junta de Castilla y Le´on-FEDER Programme(project ref SA0093P20)+2 种基金We also thank Junta de Castilla y Le´on-FEDER Programme for the Strategic Research Programs for Units of Excellence(Escalera de Excelencia CLU-2O18-04)This work was supported in Argentina by Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias,Pontificia Universidad Cat´olica ArgentinaEstaci´on Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza,Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(EEA Mendoza INTA).
文摘Ancellotta and Aspirant Bouchet,Vitis vinifera L.,are wines with a high anthocyanin concentration that have been used to increase color in high-quality red wines.This work was focused on the encapsulation of Ancellotta(ANCE)and Aspirant Bouchet(AB)wines by spray drying and obtaining wine powders(WP)with a high concentration of phenolic compounds.Spray drying conditions were optimized and the phenolic compounds in the WP were characterized.All WP were evaluated for moisture content,water activity,color parameters,anthocyanins,and flavan-3-ols composition.There was no significant difference in total anthocyanins content of ANCE and AB WP when inlet air temperature increased from 135 to 145°C with a fixed carrier concentration of 8%(w/w)but a decrease in the total anthocyanins was observed when carrier concentration increased to 10%(w/w).Regarding color evaluation,ANCE and AB WP corresponded to the fourth quadrant of color space CIELAB indicating blue-red color(348–357°),characteristic of anthocyanins and wine.In general,the values of hue angle were not affected at higher percentages of carrier agent,consequently,an increase in the ratio carrier-wine did not lead to a dilution of material.These results indicate that inlet air temperature(in the selected range)did not influence the anthocyanin profile in the WP and has allowed for optimization of the conditions to obtain phenolic-rich colored powders with potential use as natural antioxidants and food colorants.
基金Supported by Chengdu Science and Technology ProjectResearch and Development of Key Production Technologies and Scientific and Technological Services for Characteristic Fruit Trees in Lezhi County,Ziyang City(Science and Technology Commissioner)(2025-YF05-00549-SN).
文摘[Objectives]To distinguish loquat flesh color,thereby guiding early-age selection in loquat hybrid progeny.[Methods]Molecular markers based on the phytoene synthase gene(PSY)of loquat were applied to a hybrid progeny population derived from a cross between‘Zaozhong 6’and a local wild white-fleshed loquat resource‘DB1’.[Results]Among the 49 hybrid progeny,24 were identified as white-fleshed loquat resources and 25 as yellow-fleshed loquat resources.[Conclusions]The molecular marker of the PSY gene can effectively distinguish loquat flesh color and is of significant importance for guiding early-age selection in loquat hybrid breeding.
文摘The Pantone Color of the Year 2026,PANTONE 11-4201 Cloud Dancer,has been introduced as a soft,lofty white symbolizing calm and clarity in an increasingly noisy world.This gentle shade invites a sense of peace and spaciousness,encouraging focus and creating room for creativity and reflection.Cloud Dancer embodies a desire for simplicity and renewal-a blank canvas that allows our minds to wander and new ideas to take shape.Its expansive presence fosters environments where tranquility meets inspiration,offering visual calm that supports wellbeing and mental lightness.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(0065/2023/AFJ,0116/2022/A3)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402166)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2025A1515011120)the Australian Research Council(DE220100154)the financial support from the Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT),Macao SAR(No.0149/2022/A),and(No.0046/2024/AFJ)Guangdong Science and Technology Department(2023QN10C305)for this workthe financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22305185)。
文摘Flexible and wearable sensors offer immense potential for rehabilitation medicine,but most rely solely on electrical signals,lacking real-time visual feedback and limiting trainee's interactivity.Inspired by the structural coloration of Cyanocitta stelleri feathers,we developed a dual-mode sensor by utilizing black conductive polymer hydrogel(CPH)-enhanced structural color strategy.This sensor integrates a hydroxypropyl cellulose(HPC)-based structural color interface with a designed CPH sensing component.Highly visible light-absorbing CPH(absorption rate>88%)serves as the critical substrate for enhancing structural color performance.By absorbing incoherent scattered light and suppressing background interference,it significantly enhances the saturation of structural color,thereby achieving a high contrast index of 4.92.Unlike the faint and hardly visible structural colors on non-black substrates,the HPC on CPH displays vivid,highly perceptible colors and desirable mechanochromic behavior.Moreover,the CPH acts as a flexible sensing element,fortified by hydrogen and coordination bond networks,and exhibits exceptional electromechanical properties,including 867.1 kPa tensile strength,strain sensitivity(gauge factor of 4.24),and outstanding durability(over 4400 cycles).Compared to traditional single-mode sensors,the integrated sensor provides real-time visual and digital dual feedback,enhancing the accuracy and interactivity of rehabilitation assessments.This technology holds promise for advancing next-generation rehabilitation medicine.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12271210)the Scientific Research Foundation of Jimei University(Grant No.Q202201).
文摘A t-tone coloring of a graph assigns t distinct colors to each vertex with vertices at distance d having fewer than d colors in common.The t-tone chromatic number of a graph is the smallest number of colors used in all t-tone colorings of that graph.In this article,we study t-tone coloring of some finite planar lattices and obtain exact formulas for their t-tone chromatic number.
基金partial support from the Living Circular Labels project,funded by the Taskforce for Applied Research SIA’s KIEM programme(No.CIE.06.007)in the Netherlands。
文摘By leveraging the unique qualities of microorganisms,engineered living materials(ELMs)offer functional and economic advantages in everyday applications along with notable ecological benefits.This study contributes to the growing field of biodesign by examining the potential of Flavobacteria for thermochromic ELMs.Many Flavobacteria,commonly found in marine environments,produce iridescent structural colorations as their colonies expand on semi-solid surfaces through gliding motility.In this study,we analyzed the effects of temperature variations on flavobacterium Cellulophaga lytica PLY A 2,characterizing distinct changes in colony growth and iridescent colorations at a macroscopic and microscopic scale.Using scanning electron microscopy,we investigated the relationship between iridescent color and the underlying cell-based optical structures.By providing insights into the temperature-responsive behavior of Flavobacteria,our findings highlight their potential for future thermochromic ELMs-with applications ranging from sustainable food packaging to smart textiles-while encouraging further characterization studies within biodesign research.
基金supported by Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(CATAS-Nos.1630152023007,1630152023011,1630152023012,1630152023013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32071805).
文摘Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challenging due to its large genome size and high proportion of repetitive sequences.Allele-specific expression(ASE)plays a key role in regulating plant development and evolution,yet research on ASE in coconut is limited(Shao et al.,2019;Li et al.,2021;Zhang et al.,2021;Hu et al.,2022).Among phenotypic traits,fruit color is especially important as an indicator of maturity,guiding harvest timing and post-harvest processes(Kapoor et al.,2022).While prior studies have explored various coconut traits such as salt tolerance,fiber content,and plant height(Wang et al.,2021;Yang et al.,2021),investigations into ASE and fruit color remain scarce.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071828 and 32471943)the Central Finance Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Demonstration Project,China(Su2024TG04)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),Chinapartly supported by the open funds of the National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Horticultural Crops,China。
文摘Osmanthus fragrans is most famous for its strong aroma,and different varieties have different degrees of fragrance and color.Fragrance and color are important factors affecting the ornamental quality of O.fragrans.Terpenoids are important secondary metabolites in plants,with β-carotene(C40)being the major pigment substance and linalool(C10)being the key aromatic component in O.fragrans.The geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase genes(GGPPSs)play important roles in secondary metabolism in plants.However,the functions of the GGPPS family in floral color and fragrance formation has rarely been reported in O.fragrans.In this study,24 Of GGPPS genes were identified and classified into two subfamilies.The Of GGPPSs showed tissue-specific expression and Of GGPPS13 had highest expression in flowers.The Of GGPPS13 protein was localized to chloroplasts.The transcriptome data of Of GGPPS13 was verified by q RT-PCR and the expression level in‘Wanyingui'with strong aroma was higher than that in‘Zhuangyuanhong'with deep color at different flower development stages.Transient overexpression of Of GGPPS13 in O.fragrans petals showed that Of GGPPS13 increased the β-carotene content,the main color substance of O.fragrans,but decreased the linalool content,the main volatile organic compound(VOC)in the floral aroma of O.fragrans.Of GGPPS13 was indicated as the critical gene related to terpenoid synthesis in the floral aroma and color formation in O.fragrans.Our findings provide gene resources on the GGPPS gene family for further revealing the molecular regulation mechanism of the floral color and aroma formation in O.fragrans.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82472104 and U24B2053)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(No.2025JC-JCQN-023)+2 种基金the Key Core Technology Research and Development of Shaanxi(No.2024QY2-GJHX-03)the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2023-CX-TD-54)the Xidian University Specially Funded Project for Interdisciplinary Exploration(No.TZJHF202510).
文摘Retinal diseases are a serious threat to human visual health and their early diagnosis is crucial.Currently,most of the retinal disease diagnostic algorithms are based on a single imaging modality of fundus color photography(FCP)or optical coherence tomography(OCT).These methods can only reflect retinal diseases to a certain extent,ignoring the speci ficity of modalities between different imaging modalities.In this research,a newmulti-scale feature fusion network(MSFF-Net)model for multi-modal retinal image diagnosis is proposed.The MSFF-Net model employs a dualbranch architecture design,enabling efficient learning and extraction of multi-modal feature information related to retinal diseases from CFP and OCT images.MSFF-Net improves disease diagnosis by combining multi-scale features of CFP and OCT images.When evaluated on challenging datasets,the model achieved an accuracy of 95.00%and an F1-score of 95.24%for retinal disease diagnosis.Even under low-quality dataset conditions,it maintained robust performance,with diagnostic accuracy and F1-scores of 71.50%and 71.73%,respectively.In addition,the MSFFNet model outperformed eight state-of-the-art single and multi-modal models in the comparison experiments.The proposed MSFF-Net model provides ophthalmologists with a more accurate and efficient diagnostic pathway that helps them detect and treat retinal diseases earlier.
文摘Natural pigments are widely utilized as food additives nowadays to impart color or improve the taste of the food products.These pigments are significant food compounds used in the food industry due to their diverse nutritional and functional attributes.Color is the essential part of any food as it affects the consumer acceptability of the products.Recently consumer interest has shifted towards natural pigments as food colorants due to their high safety margins.Food industries prefer the use of natural pigments for foods and drinks owing to the harmful and undesirable effects of artificial pigments.These pigments include betalains-betaxanthin,betacyanin,flavonoids-anthocyanins,carotenoids-lutein,zeaxanthin,β-carotene,and chlorophylls-chlorophyllins,etc.There are some restrictions associated with the use of natural pigments based on the source of the pigment,quantity,and product nature.This review illustrates applications of permitted pigments in diversified food models and highlights their advantages as food ingredients.
文摘Advances in software and hardware technologies have facilitated the production of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).Nowadays,people actively use quadrotor UAVs in essential missions such as search and rescue,counter-terrorism,firefighting,surveillance,and cargo transportation.While performing these tasks,quadrotors must operate in noisy environments.Therefore,a robust controller design that can control the altitude and attitude of the quadrotor in noisy environments is of great importance.Many researchers have focused only on white Gaussian noise in their studies,whereas researchers need to consider the effects of all colored noises during the operation of the quadrotor.This study aims to design a robust controller that is resistant to all colored noises.Firstly,a nonlinear quadrotormodel was created with MATLAB.Then,a backstepping controller resistant to colored noises was designed.Thedesigned backstepping controller was tested under Gaussian white,pink,brown,blue,and purple noises.PID and Lyapunov-based controller designswere also carried out,and their time responses(rise time,overshoot,settling time)were compared with those of the backstepping controller.In the simulations,time was in seconds,altitude was in meters,and roll,pitch,and yaw references were in radians.Rise and settling time values were in seconds,and overshoot value was in percent.When the obtained values are examined,simulations prove that the proposed backstepping controller has the least overshoot and the shortest settling time under all noise types.
