Color plays an important role in the daily chemical product market,and transparent packaging of daily chemical products are loved by consumers,but it is difficult to avoid fading,discoloration or photodegradation of t...Color plays an important role in the daily chemical product market,and transparent packaging of daily chemical products are loved by consumers,but it is difficult to avoid fading,discoloration or photodegradation of the inner material of the product.UV light is a major contributor to colorant fading,which can affect color stability by damaging chromogenic groups and producing free radicals.In view of this,the combination of four ultraviolet absorbers DHHB,OS,OMC,and MCE was investigated,and the photostability of five common colorants in cosmetics was studied.After 28 days of photostability test,the pigment preservation rate was analyzed,and the results showed that 0.1%of the UV absorber compound could have a certain protective effect on the colorant,and 0.5%of the compound could significantly improve the photostability of the colorant.Adding ultraviolet absorbers to daily chemical products can significantly improve the fading,discoloration or photodegradation of colorants caused by ultraviolet rays.展开更多
Natural pigments and colorants are widely used in the world in many industries such as textile dying,food processing or cosmetic manufacturing.Among the natural products of interest are various compounds belonging to ...Natural pigments and colorants are widely used in the world in many industries such as textile dying,food processing or cosmetic manufacturing.Among the natural products of interest are various compounds belonging to carotenoids,anthocyanins,chlorophylls,melanins,betalains...The review emphasizes pigments with anthraquinoid skeleton and gives an overview on hydroxyanthraquinoids described in Nature,the first one ever published.Trends in consumption,production and regulation of natural food grade colorants are given,in the current global market.The second part focuses on the description of the chemical structures of the main anthraquinoid colouring compounds,their properties and their biosynthetic pathways.Main natural sources of such pigments are summarized,followed by discussion about toxicity and carcinogenicity observed in some cases.As a conclusion,current industrial applications of natural hydroxyanthraquinoids are described with two examples,carminic acid from an insect and Arpink red^(™)from a filamentous fungus.展开更多
With the public’s mature demand in recent times pressurized the textile industry for use of natural colorants,without any harmful effects on environment and aquatic ecosystem,and with more developed functionalities s...With the public’s mature demand in recent times pressurized the textile industry for use of natural colorants,without any harmful effects on environment and aquatic ecosystem,and with more developed functionalities simultaneously.Advanced developments for the natural bio-resources and their sustainable use for multifunctional clothing are gaining pace now.Present review highlights historical overview of natural colorants,classification and predominantly processing of colorants from sources,application on textiles surfaces with the functionalities provided by them.Chemistry of natural colorants on textiles also discussed with relevance to adsorption isotherms and kinetic models for dyeing of textiles.展开更多
The effects of three organic colorants on photo-initiated crosslinking and photo-oxidation degradation of polyethylene (PE) samples irradiated by microwave excited (MWE) UV lamp in the melt and the related mechanism h...The effects of three organic colorants on photo-initiated crosslinking and photo-oxidation degradation of polyethylene (PE) samples irradiated by microwave excited (MWE) UV lamp in the melt and the related mechanism have been studied by gel content and thermal extension rate determinations,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),mechanical property tests,UV spectroscopy,and light microscope.The data from the gel content and thermal extension rate determinations of photo-crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) sample...展开更多
In this work,the nano-g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ui O-66-NH_(2)composite was prepared by one-step solvothermal method.The as-prepared composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Brunner-Emmet-Teller measurement,ener...In this work,the nano-g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ui O-66-NH_(2)composite was prepared by one-step solvothermal method.The as-prepared composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Brunner-Emmet-Teller measurement,energy dispersive spectrometer,X-ray diffraction,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.By using nano-g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ui O-66-NH_(2)composite as sorbent,a dispersive solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed to sensitive analysis of food colorants including tartrazine,amaranth,carmine,sunset yellow,allura red and bright blue.The experiment parameters including the amount of sorbent,adsorption time,the p H of adsorption solution,desorption time,desorption solvent,the p H of desorption solution as well as the proportion between desorption solvent and buffer solvent were investigated.Under the optimized conditions,the limits of detection(S/N=3) and limits of quantitation (S/N=10) were determined in the ranges of 0.08-0.8 and 0.2-2.0 ng/m L,respectively.With the developed sample pretreatment method,carmine and brilliant blue were determined from blueberry juice by HPLC-DAD.The contents were calculated as 1.53μg/m L and0.17μg/mL,respectively.展开更多
A series of cerium sulfides were successfully prepared using commercially available nanoscale CeO_2 as precursor, anhydrous Na_2CO_3 as dopants, CS_2 as sulfur source, under 600–800 oC, respectively. Properties of sa...A series of cerium sulfides were successfully prepared using commercially available nanoscale CeO_2 as precursor, anhydrous Na_2CO_3 as dopants, CS_2 as sulfur source, under 600–800 oC, respectively. Properties of samples were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and spectrophotometry. The results showed that corresponding γ-Ce_2S_3 with small size was obtained by using nanoscale CeO_2 as precursor; pure phase γ-Ce_2S_3 could be obtained under low temperature of 700 oC. Coloring properties of γ-Ce_2S_3 obtained under 800 oC were studied by researching γ-Ce_2S_3/PE and γ-Ce_2S_3/PVC composites, respectively. The results showed that satisfied coloring effects to PE and PVC were obtained by using 0.5 phr and 0.2 phr γ-Ce_2S_3, respectively.展开更多
The colorant formulation using artificial neural networks (ANN) was investigated in this study. A simple 3 -layer, input - hidden - output system was constructed for the recipe formulation of one - , two - , and three...The colorant formulation using artificial neural networks (ANN) was investigated in this study. A simple 3 -layer, input - hidden - output system was constructed for the recipe formulation of one - , two - , and three -dye mixtures. Comprehensive tests were carried out to explore the properties of a 3 - layer simple ANN systematically . These properties include number of neurons in the hidden layer, learning rate of the network, momentum factor of the network, as well as the number of epochs for the learning process. The tests show accurate results for one - and two - dye mixtures while less accurate but comparable results to conventional colorant formulation systems for three - dye mixtures. It is also found that the optimum values of the neural network parameters are important towards the accuracy of the colorant formulation.展开更多
In order to improve appetite,attract consumers and even conform to the food culture,food coloring has become one of the necessary links in modern food processing.For example,dried-tofu will be colored by adding artifi...In order to improve appetite,attract consumers and even conform to the food culture,food coloring has become one of the necessary links in modern food processing.For example,dried-tofu will be colored by adding artificial food colors(AFCs)such as sunset yellow,cochineal red A or other seasonings like soy sauce.However,the dispute persists about whether AFCs are harmful to health.Some studies indicate AFCs affect children’s intelligence and attention,cause hyperactivity,and allergy when children consumed≥50 mg.In addition,researches showed that chemical soy sauce produces a trace of methylglyoxal(MGO)in the manufacturing process,which is related to diseases such as oxidative stress,diabetes,and cognitive deterioration.Therefore,natural pigments are relatively new and promising strategy for replacing high-risk AFCs.Thus,the objective of this study was to use dried-tofu as a natural colorants coloring screening platform,through the concept of three primary colors to discuss the coloring effects of natural colorants in Taiwan in double–phase(liquid phase to solid phase)food coloring system and assess the effects of MGO on PC12 neuron cellular morphology and cell cycle at the dietary exposure in soy sauce.Our results showed that formula G:R=0.2:0.8 and C:R=0.08:0.92 were coloring by combined natural colorants had the same eye sensory quality acceptance of consumer and had the intention to purchase.Furthermore,the results from the PC12 cell suggested that dietary exposure of methylglyoxal(<50M)in soy sauce did not affect neuron cellular morphology and cell cycle significantly.Overall,Gardenia Yellow,Curcumin,and Radish Red could overcome the application restrictions in multiplephase food coloring system and simultaneously soy sauce as a coloring agent was safety.It showed the possibility of them as food colorants on dried-tofu.展开更多
A study was conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity, if any, of the permitted synthetic food colorants used in India. Eight synthetic food colorants namely Erythrosine （E 127）, Tartrazine （E 102）, Ponceau 4R （E 12...A study was conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity, if any, of the permitted synthetic food colorants used in India. Eight synthetic food colorants namely Erythrosine （E 127）, Tartrazine （E 102）, Ponceau 4R （E 124）, Sunset Yellow FCF （E 110）, Brilliant Blue FCF （E133）, Fast Green FCF （E143）, Carmoisine （E122） and Indigo Carmine （E132） and their combination are used in sweets namely Ladu, Jilebi and Halwa in Calicut and suburban areas of Kerala, in India. The genotoxicity of the colorants alone and in combinations at different concentrations were evaluated by Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus （CBMN） Assay. It was observed that all the above colorants and their combinations could cause genotoxicity to human lymphocytes even at the permissible concentration of 100 ppm as per PFA （Prevention of Food Adulteration） Act of India. The toxicity varied from dye to dye and was proportional to their concentration. Combination of colors showed more toxicity than the individual components. Toxicity could be reduced drastically by reducing the concentration of the dyes at least 50% below the permissible limit. Permitted synthetic food colorants even at the permissible limit should be used with caution. This study demonstrated the need for redefining the permissible limit of the food colorants based on Admissible Daily Intake （ADI） as being practiced in developed countries.展开更多
Food colorants are widely used in the food industry to maintain or enhance product color. However, as the use of these colorants can have negative impacts on health, it is essential to analyze the risks associated wit...Food colorants are widely used in the food industry to maintain or enhance product color. However, as the use of these colorants can have negative impacts on health, it is essential to analyze the risks associated with their consumption. This analysis requires, among other things, obtaining sufficient data on the presence of these colorants in foods, as well as their level of consumption. However, data on these colorants is often virtually non-existent in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the colorant profile of industrial products marketed in Senegal. Information on food additives was collected on 399 labels of different food product categories in shops located in Dakar. Data is recorded and processed using Excel software. Based on the Codex classification, analysis of the profile of additives identified on the labels of food samples revealed the presence of 31 colorants. The natural colorants identified are dominated by beta-carotene, widely present in beverages and dairy products, and paprika extract identified on cookies and industrial sauces. Artificial colors are dominated caramels present in several foods including bouillons, vinegars, sauces and hard candies. Secondly, there was a strong presence of the azo dye Sunset yellow FCF, widely found in samples of beverages, confectionery and cookies. The results of this case study enable us to appreciate the wide presence and diversity of colorants on the Senegalese market, and the importance of controlling them to guarantee consumer safety.展开更多
Nontoxic colorant from rare earths is expected to be put into full production in the current year in Baotou, the biggest city in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, following a decision by the local government to up...Nontoxic colorant from rare earths is expected to be put into full production in the current year in Baotou, the biggest city in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, following a decision by the local government to upgrade the rare earths industry to value-added processes against previously mining the raw materials. "Due to its perfect coloring and nontoxic properties the coloring agent, mainly for plastics and leathers, can replace most existing dyes in the market," said Zhang Hongjie, inventor of the colorant and member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.展开更多
A novel and facile method toward a series of yellow water-borne polyurethane was developed by using an intrinsically colored diol in this paper.The yellow aqueous dispersion PCLD-HENA-PU was synthesized based on isoph...A novel and facile method toward a series of yellow water-borne polyurethane was developed by using an intrinsically colored diol in this paper.The yellow aqueous dispersion PCLD-HENA-PU was synthesized based on isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI), polycaprolactonediol(PCLD) and 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid(DMPA) using a yellow diol N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-nitroaniline (HENA) as a chain extender.Due to the complete reaction of OH group in colorant HENA with NCO group in diisocyanate,a series of stable yellow p...展开更多
Most water bodies worldwide are infested with algae bloom and Lake Taihu is no exception, various techniques have been developed to harvest microalgae from Lake Taihu as part of the lake cleaning program and this resu...Most water bodies worldwide are infested with algae bloom and Lake Taihu is no exception, various techniques have been developed to harvest microalgae from Lake Taihu as part of the lake cleaning program and this results in a large algae biomass to deal with. This study made use of the algae biomass harvested as a biocolorants source for textile application and also evaluated its dyeing characteristics with mercerized and bleached cotton. The fabrics were dyed with either ultrasound or water bath method. The ultrasound method improved dye extraction yield from 17.8% for the conventional method to 26.7%, which was also enhanced to 33.2% with the addition of HCl (1 cm). The ultrasound dyeing method was effective at improving dye uptake at a reduced dyeing temperature when compared to the conventional method and also produced different shades of color after dyeing with different mordants. The dyed fabrics had good fastness properties for laundry, crocking and light. The dyed fabrics also showed a good ultraviolet protection factor. The use of algae biomass as a potential source of colorants for textile application will provide an alternate dye source that is environmentally friendly.展开更多
[Objectives]To distinguish loquat flesh color,thereby guiding early-age selection in loquat hybrid progeny.[Methods]Molecular markers based on the phytoene synthase gene(PSY)of loquat were applied to a hybrid progeny ...[Objectives]To distinguish loquat flesh color,thereby guiding early-age selection in loquat hybrid progeny.[Methods]Molecular markers based on the phytoene synthase gene(PSY)of loquat were applied to a hybrid progeny population derived from a cross between‘Zaozhong 6’and a local wild white-fleshed loquat resource‘DB1’.[Results]Among the 49 hybrid progeny,24 were identified as white-fleshed loquat resources and 25 as yellow-fleshed loquat resources.[Conclusions]The molecular marker of the PSY gene can effectively distinguish loquat flesh color and is of significant importance for guiding early-age selection in loquat hybrid breeding.展开更多
Ancellotta and Aspirant Bouchet,Vitis vinifera L.,are wines with a high anthocyanin concentration that have been used to increase color in high-quality red wines.This work was focused on the encapsulation of Ancellott...Ancellotta and Aspirant Bouchet,Vitis vinifera L.,are wines with a high anthocyanin concentration that have been used to increase color in high-quality red wines.This work was focused on the encapsulation of Ancellotta(ANCE)and Aspirant Bouchet(AB)wines by spray drying and obtaining wine powders(WP)with a high concentration of phenolic compounds.Spray drying conditions were optimized and the phenolic compounds in the WP were characterized.All WP were evaluated for moisture content,water activity,color parameters,anthocyanins,and flavan-3-ols composition.There was no significant difference in total anthocyanins content of ANCE and AB WP when inlet air temperature increased from 135 to 145°C with a fixed carrier concentration of 8%(w/w)but a decrease in the total anthocyanins was observed when carrier concentration increased to 10%(w/w).Regarding color evaluation,ANCE and AB WP corresponded to the fourth quadrant of color space CIELAB indicating blue-red color(348–357°),characteristic of anthocyanins and wine.In general,the values of hue angle were not affected at higher percentages of carrier agent,consequently,an increase in the ratio carrier-wine did not lead to a dilution of material.These results indicate that inlet air temperature(in the selected range)did not influence the anthocyanin profile in the WP and has allowed for optimization of the conditions to obtain phenolic-rich colored powders with potential use as natural antioxidants and food colorants.展开更多
The Pantone Color of the Year 2026,PANTONE 11-4201 Cloud Dancer,has been introduced as a soft,lofty white symbolizing calm and clarity in an increasingly noisy world.This gentle shade invites a sense of peace and spac...The Pantone Color of the Year 2026,PANTONE 11-4201 Cloud Dancer,has been introduced as a soft,lofty white symbolizing calm and clarity in an increasingly noisy world.This gentle shade invites a sense of peace and spaciousness,encouraging focus and creating room for creativity and reflection.Cloud Dancer embodies a desire for simplicity and renewal-a blank canvas that allows our minds to wander and new ideas to take shape.Its expansive presence fosters environments where tranquility meets inspiration,offering visual calm that supports wellbeing and mental lightness.展开更多
Flexible and wearable sensors offer immense potential for rehabilitation medicine,but most rely solely on electrical signals,lacking real-time visual feedback and limiting trainee's interactivity.Inspired by the s...Flexible and wearable sensors offer immense potential for rehabilitation medicine,but most rely solely on electrical signals,lacking real-time visual feedback and limiting trainee's interactivity.Inspired by the structural coloration of Cyanocitta stelleri feathers,we developed a dual-mode sensor by utilizing black conductive polymer hydrogel(CPH)-enhanced structural color strategy.This sensor integrates a hydroxypropyl cellulose(HPC)-based structural color interface with a designed CPH sensing component.Highly visible light-absorbing CPH(absorption rate>88%)serves as the critical substrate for enhancing structural color performance.By absorbing incoherent scattered light and suppressing background interference,it significantly enhances the saturation of structural color,thereby achieving a high contrast index of 4.92.Unlike the faint and hardly visible structural colors on non-black substrates,the HPC on CPH displays vivid,highly perceptible colors and desirable mechanochromic behavior.Moreover,the CPH acts as a flexible sensing element,fortified by hydrogen and coordination bond networks,and exhibits exceptional electromechanical properties,including 867.1 kPa tensile strength,strain sensitivity(gauge factor of 4.24),and outstanding durability(over 4400 cycles).Compared to traditional single-mode sensors,the integrated sensor provides real-time visual and digital dual feedback,enhancing the accuracy and interactivity of rehabilitation assessments.This technology holds promise for advancing next-generation rehabilitation medicine.展开更多
A t-tone coloring of a graph assigns t distinct colors to each vertex with vertices at distance d having fewer than d colors in common.The t-tone chromatic number of a graph is the smallest number of colors used in al...A t-tone coloring of a graph assigns t distinct colors to each vertex with vertices at distance d having fewer than d colors in common.The t-tone chromatic number of a graph is the smallest number of colors used in all t-tone colorings of that graph.In this article,we study t-tone coloring of some finite planar lattices and obtain exact formulas for their t-tone chromatic number.展开更多
By leveraging the unique qualities of microorganisms,engineered living materials(ELMs)offer functional and economic advantages in everyday applications along with notable ecological benefits.This study contributes to ...By leveraging the unique qualities of microorganisms,engineered living materials(ELMs)offer functional and economic advantages in everyday applications along with notable ecological benefits.This study contributes to the growing field of biodesign by examining the potential of Flavobacteria for thermochromic ELMs.Many Flavobacteria,commonly found in marine environments,produce iridescent structural colorations as their colonies expand on semi-solid surfaces through gliding motility.In this study,we analyzed the effects of temperature variations on flavobacterium Cellulophaga lytica PLY A 2,characterizing distinct changes in colony growth and iridescent colorations at a macroscopic and microscopic scale.Using scanning electron microscopy,we investigated the relationship between iridescent color and the underlying cell-based optical structures.By providing insights into the temperature-responsive behavior of Flavobacteria,our findings highlight their potential for future thermochromic ELMs-with applications ranging from sustainable food packaging to smart textiles-while encouraging further characterization studies within biodesign research.展开更多
文摘Color plays an important role in the daily chemical product market,and transparent packaging of daily chemical products are loved by consumers,but it is difficult to avoid fading,discoloration or photodegradation of the inner material of the product.UV light is a major contributor to colorant fading,which can affect color stability by damaging chromogenic groups and producing free radicals.In view of this,the combination of four ultraviolet absorbers DHHB,OS,OMC,and MCE was investigated,and the photostability of five common colorants in cosmetics was studied.After 28 days of photostability test,the pigment preservation rate was analyzed,and the results showed that 0.1%of the UV absorber compound could have a certain protective effect on the colorant,and 0.5%of the compound could significantly improve the photostability of the colorant.Adding ultraviolet absorbers to daily chemical products can significantly improve the fading,discoloration or photodegradation of colorants caused by ultraviolet rays.
文摘Natural pigments and colorants are widely used in the world in many industries such as textile dying,food processing or cosmetic manufacturing.Among the natural products of interest are various compounds belonging to carotenoids,anthocyanins,chlorophylls,melanins,betalains...The review emphasizes pigments with anthraquinoid skeleton and gives an overview on hydroxyanthraquinoids described in Nature,the first one ever published.Trends in consumption,production and regulation of natural food grade colorants are given,in the current global market.The second part focuses on the description of the chemical structures of the main anthraquinoid colouring compounds,their properties and their biosynthetic pathways.Main natural sources of such pigments are summarized,followed by discussion about toxicity and carcinogenicity observed in some cases.As a conclusion,current industrial applications of natural hydroxyanthraquinoids are described with two examples,carminic acid from an insect and Arpink red^(™)from a filamentous fungus.
文摘With the public’s mature demand in recent times pressurized the textile industry for use of natural colorants,without any harmful effects on environment and aquatic ecosystem,and with more developed functionalities simultaneously.Advanced developments for the natural bio-resources and their sustainable use for multifunctional clothing are gaining pace now.Present review highlights historical overview of natural colorants,classification and predominantly processing of colorants from sources,application on textiles surfaces with the functionalities provided by them.Chemistry of natural colorants on textiles also discussed with relevance to adsorption isotherms and kinetic models for dyeing of textiles.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20704040).
文摘The effects of three organic colorants on photo-initiated crosslinking and photo-oxidation degradation of polyethylene (PE) samples irradiated by microwave excited (MWE) UV lamp in the melt and the related mechanism have been studied by gel content and thermal extension rate determinations,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),mechanical property tests,UV spectroscopy,and light microscope.The data from the gel content and thermal extension rate determinations of photo-crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) sample...
基金sponsored by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.22076038)Natural Science Foundation of Henan (No.202300410044)。
文摘In this work,the nano-g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ui O-66-NH_(2)composite was prepared by one-step solvothermal method.The as-prepared composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Brunner-Emmet-Teller measurement,energy dispersive spectrometer,X-ray diffraction,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.By using nano-g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ui O-66-NH_(2)composite as sorbent,a dispersive solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed to sensitive analysis of food colorants including tartrazine,amaranth,carmine,sunset yellow,allura red and bright blue.The experiment parameters including the amount of sorbent,adsorption time,the p H of adsorption solution,desorption time,desorption solvent,the p H of desorption solution as well as the proportion between desorption solvent and buffer solvent were investigated.Under the optimized conditions,the limits of detection(S/N=3) and limits of quantitation (S/N=10) were determined in the ranges of 0.08-0.8 and 0.2-2.0 ng/m L,respectively.With the developed sample pretreatment method,carmine and brilliant blue were determined from blueberry juice by HPLC-DAD.The contents were calculated as 1.53μg/m L and0.17μg/mL,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21661024)the Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization(RERU2017009)Inner Mongolia Scientific Research Projects(NJZZ14003)
文摘A series of cerium sulfides were successfully prepared using commercially available nanoscale CeO_2 as precursor, anhydrous Na_2CO_3 as dopants, CS_2 as sulfur source, under 600–800 oC, respectively. Properties of samples were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and spectrophotometry. The results showed that corresponding γ-Ce_2S_3 with small size was obtained by using nanoscale CeO_2 as precursor; pure phase γ-Ce_2S_3 could be obtained under low temperature of 700 oC. Coloring properties of γ-Ce_2S_3 obtained under 800 oC were studied by researching γ-Ce_2S_3/PE and γ-Ce_2S_3/PVC composites, respectively. The results showed that satisfied coloring effects to PE and PVC were obtained by using 0.5 phr and 0.2 phr γ-Ce_2S_3, respectively.
文摘The colorant formulation using artificial neural networks (ANN) was investigated in this study. A simple 3 -layer, input - hidden - output system was constructed for the recipe formulation of one - , two - , and three -dye mixtures. Comprehensive tests were carried out to explore the properties of a 3 - layer simple ANN systematically . These properties include number of neurons in the hidden layer, learning rate of the network, momentum factor of the network, as well as the number of epochs for the learning process. The tests show accurate results for one - and two - dye mixtures while less accurate but comparable results to conventional colorant formulation systems for three - dye mixtures. It is also found that the optimum values of the neural network parameters are important towards the accuracy of the colorant formulation.
基金This study was supportedby the Ministry of Science and Technology[105-2320-B-002-031-MY3,105-2628-B-002-003-MY3].
文摘In order to improve appetite,attract consumers and even conform to the food culture,food coloring has become one of the necessary links in modern food processing.For example,dried-tofu will be colored by adding artificial food colors(AFCs)such as sunset yellow,cochineal red A or other seasonings like soy sauce.However,the dispute persists about whether AFCs are harmful to health.Some studies indicate AFCs affect children’s intelligence and attention,cause hyperactivity,and allergy when children consumed≥50 mg.In addition,researches showed that chemical soy sauce produces a trace of methylglyoxal(MGO)in the manufacturing process,which is related to diseases such as oxidative stress,diabetes,and cognitive deterioration.Therefore,natural pigments are relatively new and promising strategy for replacing high-risk AFCs.Thus,the objective of this study was to use dried-tofu as a natural colorants coloring screening platform,through the concept of three primary colors to discuss the coloring effects of natural colorants in Taiwan in double–phase(liquid phase to solid phase)food coloring system and assess the effects of MGO on PC12 neuron cellular morphology and cell cycle at the dietary exposure in soy sauce.Our results showed that formula G:R=0.2:0.8 and C:R=0.08:0.92 were coloring by combined natural colorants had the same eye sensory quality acceptance of consumer and had the intention to purchase.Furthermore,the results from the PC12 cell suggested that dietary exposure of methylglyoxal(<50M)in soy sauce did not affect neuron cellular morphology and cell cycle significantly.Overall,Gardenia Yellow,Curcumin,and Radish Red could overcome the application restrictions in multiplephase food coloring system and simultaneously soy sauce as a coloring agent was safety.It showed the possibility of them as food colorants on dried-tofu.
文摘A study was conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity, if any, of the permitted synthetic food colorants used in India. Eight synthetic food colorants namely Erythrosine （E 127）, Tartrazine （E 102）, Ponceau 4R （E 124）, Sunset Yellow FCF （E 110）, Brilliant Blue FCF （E133）, Fast Green FCF （E143）, Carmoisine （E122） and Indigo Carmine （E132） and their combination are used in sweets namely Ladu, Jilebi and Halwa in Calicut and suburban areas of Kerala, in India. The genotoxicity of the colorants alone and in combinations at different concentrations were evaluated by Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus （CBMN） Assay. It was observed that all the above colorants and their combinations could cause genotoxicity to human lymphocytes even at the permissible concentration of 100 ppm as per PFA （Prevention of Food Adulteration） Act of India. The toxicity varied from dye to dye and was proportional to their concentration. Combination of colors showed more toxicity than the individual components. Toxicity could be reduced drastically by reducing the concentration of the dyes at least 50% below the permissible limit. Permitted synthetic food colorants even at the permissible limit should be used with caution. This study demonstrated the need for redefining the permissible limit of the food colorants based on Admissible Daily Intake （ADI） as being practiced in developed countries.
文摘Food colorants are widely used in the food industry to maintain or enhance product color. However, as the use of these colorants can have negative impacts on health, it is essential to analyze the risks associated with their consumption. This analysis requires, among other things, obtaining sufficient data on the presence of these colorants in foods, as well as their level of consumption. However, data on these colorants is often virtually non-existent in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the colorant profile of industrial products marketed in Senegal. Information on food additives was collected on 399 labels of different food product categories in shops located in Dakar. Data is recorded and processed using Excel software. Based on the Codex classification, analysis of the profile of additives identified on the labels of food samples revealed the presence of 31 colorants. The natural colorants identified are dominated by beta-carotene, widely present in beverages and dairy products, and paprika extract identified on cookies and industrial sauces. Artificial colors are dominated caramels present in several foods including bouillons, vinegars, sauces and hard candies. Secondly, there was a strong presence of the azo dye Sunset yellow FCF, widely found in samples of beverages, confectionery and cookies. The results of this case study enable us to appreciate the wide presence and diversity of colorants on the Senegalese market, and the importance of controlling them to guarantee consumer safety.
文摘Nontoxic colorant from rare earths is expected to be put into full production in the current year in Baotou, the biggest city in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, following a decision by the local government to upgrade the rare earths industry to value-added processes against previously mining the raw materials. "Due to its perfect coloring and nontoxic properties the coloring agent, mainly for plastics and leathers, can replace most existing dyes in the market," said Zhang Hongjie, inventor of the colorant and member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50273035)
文摘A novel and facile method toward a series of yellow water-borne polyurethane was developed by using an intrinsically colored diol in this paper.The yellow aqueous dispersion PCLD-HENA-PU was synthesized based on isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI), polycaprolactonediol(PCLD) and 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid(DMPA) using a yellow diol N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-nitroaniline (HENA) as a chain extender.Due to the complete reaction of OH group in colorant HENA with NCO group in diisocyanate,a series of stable yellow p...
文摘Most water bodies worldwide are infested with algae bloom and Lake Taihu is no exception, various techniques have been developed to harvest microalgae from Lake Taihu as part of the lake cleaning program and this results in a large algae biomass to deal with. This study made use of the algae biomass harvested as a biocolorants source for textile application and also evaluated its dyeing characteristics with mercerized and bleached cotton. The fabrics were dyed with either ultrasound or water bath method. The ultrasound method improved dye extraction yield from 17.8% for the conventional method to 26.7%, which was also enhanced to 33.2% with the addition of HCl (1 cm). The ultrasound dyeing method was effective at improving dye uptake at a reduced dyeing temperature when compared to the conventional method and also produced different shades of color after dyeing with different mordants. The dyed fabrics had good fastness properties for laundry, crocking and light. The dyed fabrics also showed a good ultraviolet protection factor. The use of algae biomass as a potential source of colorants for textile application will provide an alternate dye source that is environmentally friendly.
基金Supported by Chengdu Science and Technology ProjectResearch and Development of Key Production Technologies and Scientific and Technological Services for Characteristic Fruit Trees in Lezhi County,Ziyang City(Science and Technology Commissioner)(2025-YF05-00549-SN).
文摘[Objectives]To distinguish loquat flesh color,thereby guiding early-age selection in loquat hybrid progeny.[Methods]Molecular markers based on the phytoene synthase gene(PSY)of loquat were applied to a hybrid progeny population derived from a cross between‘Zaozhong 6’and a local wild white-fleshed loquat resource‘DB1’.[Results]Among the 49 hybrid progeny,24 were identified as white-fleshed loquat resources and 25 as yellow-fleshed loquat resources.[Conclusions]The molecular marker of the PSY gene can effectively distinguish loquat flesh color and is of significant importance for guiding early-age selection in loquat hybrid breeding.
基金supported in Spain by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness(MINECO,project ref PID2021-127126OB-C21 cofounded by FEDER)by Junta de Castilla y Le´on-FEDER Programme(project ref SA0093P20)+2 种基金We also thank Junta de Castilla y Le´on-FEDER Programme for the Strategic Research Programs for Units of Excellence(Escalera de Excelencia CLU-2O18-04)This work was supported in Argentina by Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias,Pontificia Universidad Cat´olica ArgentinaEstaci´on Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza,Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(EEA Mendoza INTA).
文摘Ancellotta and Aspirant Bouchet,Vitis vinifera L.,are wines with a high anthocyanin concentration that have been used to increase color in high-quality red wines.This work was focused on the encapsulation of Ancellotta(ANCE)and Aspirant Bouchet(AB)wines by spray drying and obtaining wine powders(WP)with a high concentration of phenolic compounds.Spray drying conditions were optimized and the phenolic compounds in the WP were characterized.All WP were evaluated for moisture content,water activity,color parameters,anthocyanins,and flavan-3-ols composition.There was no significant difference in total anthocyanins content of ANCE and AB WP when inlet air temperature increased from 135 to 145°C with a fixed carrier concentration of 8%(w/w)but a decrease in the total anthocyanins was observed when carrier concentration increased to 10%(w/w).Regarding color evaluation,ANCE and AB WP corresponded to the fourth quadrant of color space CIELAB indicating blue-red color(348–357°),characteristic of anthocyanins and wine.In general,the values of hue angle were not affected at higher percentages of carrier agent,consequently,an increase in the ratio carrier-wine did not lead to a dilution of material.These results indicate that inlet air temperature(in the selected range)did not influence the anthocyanin profile in the WP and has allowed for optimization of the conditions to obtain phenolic-rich colored powders with potential use as natural antioxidants and food colorants.
文摘The Pantone Color of the Year 2026,PANTONE 11-4201 Cloud Dancer,has been introduced as a soft,lofty white symbolizing calm and clarity in an increasingly noisy world.This gentle shade invites a sense of peace and spaciousness,encouraging focus and creating room for creativity and reflection.Cloud Dancer embodies a desire for simplicity and renewal-a blank canvas that allows our minds to wander and new ideas to take shape.Its expansive presence fosters environments where tranquility meets inspiration,offering visual calm that supports wellbeing and mental lightness.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(0065/2023/AFJ,0116/2022/A3)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402166)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2025A1515011120)the Australian Research Council(DE220100154)the financial support from the Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT),Macao SAR(No.0149/2022/A),and(No.0046/2024/AFJ)Guangdong Science and Technology Department(2023QN10C305)for this workthe financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22305185)。
文摘Flexible and wearable sensors offer immense potential for rehabilitation medicine,but most rely solely on electrical signals,lacking real-time visual feedback and limiting trainee's interactivity.Inspired by the structural coloration of Cyanocitta stelleri feathers,we developed a dual-mode sensor by utilizing black conductive polymer hydrogel(CPH)-enhanced structural color strategy.This sensor integrates a hydroxypropyl cellulose(HPC)-based structural color interface with a designed CPH sensing component.Highly visible light-absorbing CPH(absorption rate>88%)serves as the critical substrate for enhancing structural color performance.By absorbing incoherent scattered light and suppressing background interference,it significantly enhances the saturation of structural color,thereby achieving a high contrast index of 4.92.Unlike the faint and hardly visible structural colors on non-black substrates,the HPC on CPH displays vivid,highly perceptible colors and desirable mechanochromic behavior.Moreover,the CPH acts as a flexible sensing element,fortified by hydrogen and coordination bond networks,and exhibits exceptional electromechanical properties,including 867.1 kPa tensile strength,strain sensitivity(gauge factor of 4.24),and outstanding durability(over 4400 cycles).Compared to traditional single-mode sensors,the integrated sensor provides real-time visual and digital dual feedback,enhancing the accuracy and interactivity of rehabilitation assessments.This technology holds promise for advancing next-generation rehabilitation medicine.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12271210)the Scientific Research Foundation of Jimei University(Grant No.Q202201).
文摘A t-tone coloring of a graph assigns t distinct colors to each vertex with vertices at distance d having fewer than d colors in common.The t-tone chromatic number of a graph is the smallest number of colors used in all t-tone colorings of that graph.In this article,we study t-tone coloring of some finite planar lattices and obtain exact formulas for their t-tone chromatic number.
基金partial support from the Living Circular Labels project,funded by the Taskforce for Applied Research SIA’s KIEM programme(No.CIE.06.007)in the Netherlands。
文摘By leveraging the unique qualities of microorganisms,engineered living materials(ELMs)offer functional and economic advantages in everyday applications along with notable ecological benefits.This study contributes to the growing field of biodesign by examining the potential of Flavobacteria for thermochromic ELMs.Many Flavobacteria,commonly found in marine environments,produce iridescent structural colorations as their colonies expand on semi-solid surfaces through gliding motility.In this study,we analyzed the effects of temperature variations on flavobacterium Cellulophaga lytica PLY A 2,characterizing distinct changes in colony growth and iridescent colorations at a macroscopic and microscopic scale.Using scanning electron microscopy,we investigated the relationship between iridescent color and the underlying cell-based optical structures.By providing insights into the temperature-responsive behavior of Flavobacteria,our findings highlight their potential for future thermochromic ELMs-with applications ranging from sustainable food packaging to smart textiles-while encouraging further characterization studies within biodesign research.
