Hue-Saturation-Intensity （HSI） color model, a psychologically appealing color model, was employed to visualize uncertainty represented by relative prediction error based on the case of spatial prediction of pH of to...Hue-Saturation-Intensity （HSI） color model, a psychologically appealing color model, was employed to visualize uncertainty represented by relative prediction error based on the case of spatial prediction of pH of topsoil in the peri-urban Beijing. A two-dimensional legend was designed to accompany the visualization-vertical axis （hues） for visualizing the predicted values and horizontal axis （whiteness） for visualizing the prediction error. Moreover, different ways of visualizing uncertainty were briefly reviewed in this paper. This case study indicated that visualization of both predictions and prediction uncertainty offered a possibility to enhance visual exploration of the data uncertainty and to compare different prediction methods or predictions of totally different variables. The whitish region of the visualization map can be simply interpreted as unsatisfactory prediction results, where may need additional samples or more suitable prediction models for a better prediction results.展开更多
Processing and analyzing of medical images is one of the priority research areas. At the same time, the processing of images of cells occupies a special place. This is due to the fact that such studies allow for a com...Processing and analyzing of medical images is one of the priority research areas. At the same time, the processing of images of cells occupies a special place. This is due to the fact that such studies allow for a comprehensive diagnosis of the state of human health, identify and prevent the development of diseases in the early stages. We investigate the effectiveness of using wavelet analysis in color models, taking into account the preliminary change in the contrast of the input image. We consider the HSV color model and the image contrast modification procedure, which is based on the histogram change in the specified range with gamma correction. As a criterion for choosing parameters for changing the contrast of the image, we consider the entropy of the image. We also showed the advisability of using the value of the entropy index for the subsequent improvement of image analysis based on the wavelet ideology. We examined the general sequence of action for the analysis of image of megaloblastic anemia cells. This sequence is based on the choice of parameters for changing the contrast of the image and application of wavelet ideology.展开更多
We present an analysis of the color-dipole picture for determination of the gluon density at low-x which is obtained from the Altarelli-Martinelli equation by expansion at distinct points of expansion.The dipole cross...We present an analysis of the color-dipole picture for determination of the gluon density at low-x which is obtained from the Altarelli-Martinelli equation by expansion at distinct points of expansion.The dipole cross-sections with respect to the improved saturation model of Bartels–Golec-Biernat–Kowalski are obtained in a wide range of transverse sizes r and compared with the Golec-Biernat-Ẅu sthoff model.We find that the model gives a good description of the dipole cross-section at large r which confirms saturation and matches the perturbative QCD result at a small r due to the significant role of the running of the gluon distribution.展开更多
This paper presents a new face detection approach to real-time applications, which is based on the skin color model and the morphological filtering. First the non-skin color pixels of the input image are removed based...This paper presents a new face detection approach to real-time applications, which is based on the skin color model and the morphological filtering. First the non-skin color pixels of the input image are removed based on the skin color model in the YC rC b chrominance space, from which we extract candidate human face regions. Then a mathematical morphological filter is used to remove noisy regions and fill the holes in the candidate skin color regions. We adopt the similarity between the human face features and the candidate face regions to locate the face regions in the original image. We have implemented the algorithm in our smart media system. The experiment results show that this system is effective in real-time applications.展开更多
The color image segmentation problem has two main issues to be solved. The proper choice of a color model and the choice of an appropriate image model are the key issues in color image segmentation. In this work, Ohta...The color image segmentation problem has two main issues to be solved. The proper choice of a color model and the choice of an appropriate image model are the key issues in color image segmentation. In this work, Ohta (I<sub>1</sub>, I<sub>2</sub>, I<sub>3</sub>) is taken as the color model and different variants of Markov Random Field (MRF) models are proposed. In this regard, a Compound Markov Random Field (COMRF) model is porposed to take care of inter-color-plane and intra-color-plane interactions as well. In continuation to this model, a Constrained Compound Markov Random Field Model (CCOMRF) has been proposed to model the color images. The color image segmentation problem has been formulated in an unsupervised framework. The performance of the above proposed models has been compared with the standard MRF model and some of the state-of-the-art methods, and found to exhibit improved performance.展开更多
To obtain a better understanding of the effect of vehicle fires on rigid pavement,a nondestructive test method utilizing an ordinary digital camera to capture images of mortar at five elevated temperatures was underta...To obtain a better understanding of the effect of vehicle fires on rigid pavement,a nondestructive test method utilizing an ordinary digital camera to capture images of mortar at five elevated temperatures was undertaken.These images were then analyzed by“image color-intensity analyzer”software.In image analysis,the RGB color model was the basic system used to represent the color information of images.HSI is a derived-color model that is transformed from an RGB model by formulae.In order to understand more about surface color changes and temperatures after a vehicle fire,various transformation formulae used in different research areas were applied in this study.They were then evaluated to obtain the optimum HSI model for further studies of fire-damaged mortar through the use of image analysis.展开更多
he objective of the research is to develop a fast procedure for segmenting typical videophone images. In this paper, a new approach to color image segmentation based on HSI(Hue, Saturation, Intensity) color model is r...he objective of the research is to develop a fast procedure for segmenting typical videophone images. In this paper, a new approach to color image segmentation based on HSI(Hue, Saturation, Intensity) color model is reported. It is in contrast to the conventional approaches by using the three components of HSI color model in succession. This strategy makes the segmentation procedure much fast and effective. Experimental results with typical “headandshoulders” real images taken from videophone sequences show that the new appproach can fulfill the application requirements.展开更多
Recently automotive nets are adopted to solve increasing problems in automotive electronic systems.Technologies of automotive local area network from CAN and LIN can solve the problems of the increasing of wire bunch ...Recently automotive nets are adopted to solve increasing problems in automotive electronic systems.Technologies of automotive local area network from CAN and LIN can solve the problems of the increasing of wire bunch weight and lack in module installation space.However,the multilayer automotive nets software becomes more and more complex,and the development expense is difficult to predict and to keep in check.In this paper,the modeling method of hierarchical automotive nets and the substitution operation based on object-oriented colored Petri net(OOCPN) are proposed.The OOCPN model which analyzes the software structure and validates the collision mechanism of CAN/LIN bus can speed the automobile system development.First,the subsystems are divided and modeled by object-oriented Petri net(OOPN).According to the sets of message sharing relations,the message ports among them are set and the communication gate transitions are defined.Second,the OOPN model is substituted step by step until the inner objects in the automotive body control modules(BCM) are indivisible and colored by colored Petri net(CPN).And the color subsets mark the node messages for the collision mechanism.Third,the OOCPN model of the automotive body CAN/LIN nets is assembled,which keeps the message sets and the system can be expanded.The proposed model is used to analyze features of information sharing among the objects,and it is also used to describe each subsystem real-time behavior of processing messages and implemental device controllers operating,and puts forward a reasonable software framework for the automotive body control subsystem.The research can help to design the communication model in the automotive body system effectively and provide a convenient and rapid way for developing the logical hierarchy software.展开更多
Color appearance model （CAM） can be used to determine the required colors for repro- duction across changes in cross-media. CIECAM02 color appearance model prediction is implemen- ted by artificial neural networks i...Color appearance model （CAM） can be used to determine the required colors for repro- duction across changes in cross-media. CIECAM02 color appearance model prediction is implemen- ted by artificial neural networks in this paper, which includes forward and reversed prediction. 1333 color samples as training samples and other 1332 color samples as test samples are selected in the Chinese color system. In order to test the prediction accuracy of neural networks after simulation of CIECAM02 color appearance model, the color-difference formula can be used for the evaluation of forward and reversed models. Results have shown that BP neural-network has acceptable accuracy in simulation of CIECAM02 color appearance model for colors of Chinese color system.展开更多
A method of the forward operation of color appearance (from colorimetric attributes to color appearance attributes) using an artificial neural network (ANN) is presented The neural network model developed is a multila...A method of the forward operation of color appearance (from colorimetric attributes to color appearance attributes) using an artificial neural network (ANN) is presented The neural network model developed is a multilayer feedforward neural network model for predicting color appearance model (CAM). This method greatly decreased the mathematical computation in color appearance prediction. The error backed-propagation (BP) algorithm was applied in the training of the neural networks, and it was trained and tested by the LUTCHI color appearance datasets which are the most comprehensive one in testing color appearance model. CRT was selected as a typical example in experiment because it is usually used as self-luminous object in fact, and several ways for choosing training samples were included and compared each other. The testing results show that the color appearance prediction using artificial neural network is well consistent with visual evaluation.展开更多
We study a population model with strong and weak Allee effect driven by internal noise and external noise.Firstly, a single-species population model with Allee effect under environmental colored noise is established, ...We study a population model with strong and weak Allee effect driven by internal noise and external noise.Firstly, a single-species population model with Allee effect under environmental colored noise is established, then stable and unstable states are analyzed and interpreted in biology. After that, stationary probability distribution(SPD) of population is derived based on Fokker-Planck equation. Next, mean first-passage time(MFPT) is defined in order to quantify the transition between extinction state and survival state with Allee effect. It is found that population will not extinct when weak Allee effect exists. It is not beneficial to survival of the population with the increase of Allee threshold no matter whether strong Allee effect or weak Allee effect. When strong Allee effect occurs, the correlation time of multiplicative noise plays a positive role in survival of population, while the correlation time of additive noise has a negative effect. Crucially, the phenomenon of resonant activation is firstly discovered in population dynamics with Allee effect. The conclusions we obtain can be applied to the further research of population dynamics in ecology.展开更多
A parametric Colored Petri net model of the switched Ethernet network with the tree-like topology is developed. The model’s structure is the same for any given network and contains fixed number of nodes. The tree-lik...A parametric Colored Petri net model of the switched Ethernet network with the tree-like topology is developed. The model’s structure is the same for any given network and contains fixed number of nodes. The tree-like topology of a definite network is given as the marking of dedicated places. The model represents a network containing workstations, servers, switches, and provides the evaluation of the network response time. Besides topology, the parameters of the model are performances of hardware and software used within the network. Performance evaluation for the network of the railway dispatcher center is implemented. Topics of the steady-stable condition and the optimal choice of hardware are discussed.展开更多
Cognitive Radio(CR) system based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access(OFDMA),such as Wireless Regional Area Networks(WRAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX),often attempt to improv...Cognitive Radio(CR) system based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access(OFDMA),such as Wireless Regional Area Networks(WRAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX),often attempt to improve performance via dynamic radio resource management,which is characterized as concurrent processing of different traffic and nondeterministic system capacity.It is essential to design and evaluate such complex system using proper modeling and analysis tools.In the previous work,most of the communication systems were modeled as Markov Chain(MC) and Stochastic Petri Nets(SPN),which have the explicit limitation in evaluating adaptive OFDMA CR system with wide area traffic.In this paper,we develop an executable top-down hier-archical Colored Petri Net(CPN) model for adaptive OFDMA CR system,and analyze its performance using CPN tools.The results demonstrate that the CPN can model different radio resource manage-ment algorithms in CR Systems,and the CPN tools require less computational effort than Markov model using Matlab,with its flexibility and adaptability to the traffics which arrival interval and processing time are not exponentially distributed.展开更多
In this paper, a model based colored Petri net （CPN） to provide semantic support for web service composition is proposed, and the reliability and maintainability of composite services are improved. The composite con...In this paper, a model based colored Petri net （CPN） to provide semantic support for web service composition is proposed, and the reliability and maintainability of composite services are improved. The composite constructs in the model are sequence, concurrent, choice, loop and replace. The web service is formally defined by a CPN. A closed composing algebra is defined to obtain a framework which enables declarative composition of web services. Availability, confidentiality, and integrity of composite service are analyzed within the framework of the model based CPN.展开更多
The steady states and the transient properties of an insect outbreak model driven by Gaussian colored noise are studied in this paper. According to the Fokker-Planck equation in the unified colored-noise approximation...The steady states and the transient properties of an insect outbreak model driven by Gaussian colored noise are studied in this paper. According to the Fokker-Planck equation in the unified colored-noise approximation, we analyse the stationary probability distribution and the mean first-passage time of this model. By numerical analysis, the effects of the self-correlation time of insect birth rate and predation rate respectively reveal a manifest population divergence on the insect density. The decrease of the mean first-passage time indicates an enhancement dynamic on the density divergency with colored noise of a large self-correlation time based on the insect outbreak model.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Knowledge Innovation Frontier Project of Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ISSASIP0716 )the National Nature Science Foundation of China ( No.40701070,40571065)
文摘Hue-Saturation-Intensity （HSI） color model, a psychologically appealing color model, was employed to visualize uncertainty represented by relative prediction error based on the case of spatial prediction of pH of topsoil in the peri-urban Beijing. A two-dimensional legend was designed to accompany the visualization-vertical axis （hues） for visualizing the predicted values and horizontal axis （whiteness） for visualizing the prediction error. Moreover, different ways of visualizing uncertainty were briefly reviewed in this paper. This case study indicated that visualization of both predictions and prediction uncertainty offered a possibility to enhance visual exploration of the data uncertainty and to compare different prediction methods or predictions of totally different variables. The whitish region of the visualization map can be simply interpreted as unsatisfactory prediction results, where may need additional samples or more suitable prediction models for a better prediction results.
文摘Processing and analyzing of medical images is one of the priority research areas. At the same time, the processing of images of cells occupies a special place. This is due to the fact that such studies allow for a comprehensive diagnosis of the state of human health, identify and prevent the development of diseases in the early stages. We investigate the effectiveness of using wavelet analysis in color models, taking into account the preliminary change in the contrast of the input image. We consider the HSV color model and the image contrast modification procedure, which is based on the histogram change in the specified range with gamma correction. As a criterion for choosing parameters for changing the contrast of the image, we consider the entropy of the image. We also showed the advisability of using the value of the entropy index for the subsequent improvement of image analysis based on the wavelet ideology. We examined the general sequence of action for the analysis of image of megaloblastic anemia cells. This sequence is based on the choice of parameters for changing the contrast of the image and application of wavelet ideology.
文摘We present an analysis of the color-dipole picture for determination of the gluon density at low-x which is obtained from the Altarelli-Martinelli equation by expansion at distinct points of expansion.The dipole cross-sections with respect to the improved saturation model of Bartels–Golec-Biernat–Kowalski are obtained in a wide range of transverse sizes r and compared with the Golec-Biernat-Ẅu sthoff model.We find that the model gives a good description of the dipole cross-section at large r which confirms saturation and matches the perturbative QCD result at a small r due to the significant role of the running of the gluon distribution.
文摘This paper presents a new face detection approach to real-time applications, which is based on the skin color model and the morphological filtering. First the non-skin color pixels of the input image are removed based on the skin color model in the YC rC b chrominance space, from which we extract candidate human face regions. Then a mathematical morphological filter is used to remove noisy regions and fill the holes in the candidate skin color regions. We adopt the similarity between the human face features and the candidate face regions to locate the face regions in the original image. We have implemented the algorithm in our smart media system. The experiment results show that this system is effective in real-time applications.
文摘The color image segmentation problem has two main issues to be solved. The proper choice of a color model and the choice of an appropriate image model are the key issues in color image segmentation. In this work, Ohta (I<sub>1</sub>, I<sub>2</sub>, I<sub>3</sub>) is taken as the color model and different variants of Markov Random Field (MRF) models are proposed. In this regard, a Compound Markov Random Field (COMRF) model is porposed to take care of inter-color-plane and intra-color-plane interactions as well. In continuation to this model, a Constrained Compound Markov Random Field Model (CCOMRF) has been proposed to model the color images. The color image segmentation problem has been formulated in an unsupervised framework. The performance of the above proposed models has been compared with the standard MRF model and some of the state-of-the-art methods, and found to exhibit improved performance.
基金supported by the National Science Council of Republic of China(Grant No.NSC-90-2211-E-214-004).
文摘To obtain a better understanding of the effect of vehicle fires on rigid pavement,a nondestructive test method utilizing an ordinary digital camera to capture images of mortar at five elevated temperatures was undertaken.These images were then analyzed by“image color-intensity analyzer”software.In image analysis,the RGB color model was the basic system used to represent the color information of images.HSI is a derived-color model that is transformed from an RGB model by formulae.In order to understand more about surface color changes and temperatures after a vehicle fire,various transformation formulae used in different research areas were applied in this study.They were then evaluated to obtain the optimum HSI model for further studies of fire-damaged mortar through the use of image analysis.
文摘he objective of the research is to develop a fast procedure for segmenting typical videophone images. In this paper, a new approach to color image segmentation based on HSI(Hue, Saturation, Intensity) color model is reported. It is in contrast to the conventional approaches by using the three components of HSI color model in succession. This strategy makes the segmentation procedure much fast and effective. Experimental results with typical “headandshoulders” real images taken from videophone sequences show that the new appproach can fulfill the application requirements.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60873003)
文摘Recently automotive nets are adopted to solve increasing problems in automotive electronic systems.Technologies of automotive local area network from CAN and LIN can solve the problems of the increasing of wire bunch weight and lack in module installation space.However,the multilayer automotive nets software becomes more and more complex,and the development expense is difficult to predict and to keep in check.In this paper,the modeling method of hierarchical automotive nets and the substitution operation based on object-oriented colored Petri net(OOCPN) are proposed.The OOCPN model which analyzes the software structure and validates the collision mechanism of CAN/LIN bus can speed the automobile system development.First,the subsystems are divided and modeled by object-oriented Petri net(OOPN).According to the sets of message sharing relations,the message ports among them are set and the communication gate transitions are defined.Second,the OOPN model is substituted step by step until the inner objects in the automotive body control modules(BCM) are indivisible and colored by colored Petri net(CPN).And the color subsets mark the node messages for the collision mechanism.Third,the OOCPN model of the automotive body CAN/LIN nets is assembled,which keeps the message sets and the system can be expanded.The proposed model is used to analyze features of information sharing among the objects,and it is also used to describe each subsystem real-time behavior of processing messages and implemental device controllers operating,and puts forward a reasonable software framework for the automotive body control subsystem.The research can help to design the communication model in the automotive body system effectively and provide a convenient and rapid way for developing the logical hierarchy software.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61078048)
文摘Color appearance model （CAM） can be used to determine the required colors for repro- duction across changes in cross-media. CIECAM02 color appearance model prediction is implemen- ted by artificial neural networks in this paper, which includes forward and reversed prediction. 1333 color samples as training samples and other 1332 color samples as test samples are selected in the Chinese color system. In order to test the prediction accuracy of neural networks after simulation of CIECAM02 color appearance model, the color-difference formula can be used for the evaluation of forward and reversed models. Results have shown that BP neural-network has acceptable accuracy in simulation of CIECAM02 color appearance model for colors of Chinese color system.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation(60278022)
文摘A method of the forward operation of color appearance (from colorimetric attributes to color appearance attributes) using an artificial neural network (ANN) is presented The neural network model developed is a multilayer feedforward neural network model for predicting color appearance model (CAM). This method greatly decreased the mathematical computation in color appearance prediction. The error backed-propagation (BP) algorithm was applied in the training of the neural networks, and it was trained and tested by the LUTCHI color appearance datasets which are the most comprehensive one in testing color appearance model. CRT was selected as a typical example in experiment because it is usually used as self-luminous object in fact, and several ways for choosing training samples were included and compared each other. The testing results show that the color appearance prediction using artificial neural network is well consistent with visual evaluation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No.11571009Shanxi Scholarship Council of China under Grant No.2015-032+1 种基金Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi Grant No.2015121Applied Basic Research Programs of Shanxi Province Grant No.2016021013
文摘We study a population model with strong and weak Allee effect driven by internal noise and external noise.Firstly, a single-species population model with Allee effect under environmental colored noise is established, then stable and unstable states are analyzed and interpreted in biology. After that, stationary probability distribution(SPD) of population is derived based on Fokker-Planck equation. Next, mean first-passage time(MFPT) is defined in order to quantify the transition between extinction state and survival state with Allee effect. It is found that population will not extinct when weak Allee effect exists. It is not beneficial to survival of the population with the increase of Allee threshold no matter whether strong Allee effect or weak Allee effect. When strong Allee effect occurs, the correlation time of multiplicative noise plays a positive role in survival of population, while the correlation time of additive noise has a negative effect. Crucially, the phenomenon of resonant activation is firstly discovered in population dynamics with Allee effect. The conclusions we obtain can be applied to the further research of population dynamics in ecology.
文摘A parametric Colored Petri net model of the switched Ethernet network with the tree-like topology is developed. The model’s structure is the same for any given network and contains fixed number of nodes. The tree-like topology of a definite network is given as the marking of dedicated places. The model represents a network containing workstations, servers, switches, and provides the evaluation of the network response time. Besides topology, the parameters of the model are performances of hardware and software used within the network. Performance evaluation for the network of the railway dispatcher center is implemented. Topics of the steady-stable condition and the optimal choice of hardware are discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60702020)
文摘Cognitive Radio(CR) system based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access(OFDMA),such as Wireless Regional Area Networks(WRAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX),often attempt to improve performance via dynamic radio resource management,which is characterized as concurrent processing of different traffic and nondeterministic system capacity.It is essential to design and evaluate such complex system using proper modeling and analysis tools.In the previous work,most of the communication systems were modeled as Markov Chain(MC) and Stochastic Petri Nets(SPN),which have the explicit limitation in evaluating adaptive OFDMA CR system with wide area traffic.In this paper,we develop an executable top-down hier-archical Colored Petri Net(CPN) model for adaptive OFDMA CR system,and analyze its performance using CPN tools.The results demonstrate that the CPN can model different radio resource manage-ment algorithms in CR Systems,and the CPN tools require less computational effort than Markov model using Matlab,with its flexibility and adaptability to the traffics which arrival interval and processing time are not exponentially distributed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No.60403027）
文摘In this paper, a model based colored Petri net （CPN） to provide semantic support for web service composition is proposed, and the reliability and maintainability of composite services are improved. The composite constructs in the model are sequence, concurrent, choice, loop and replace. The web service is formally defined by a CPN. A closed composing algebra is defined to obtain a framework which enables declarative composition of web services. Availability, confidentiality, and integrity of composite service are analyzed within the framework of the model based CPN.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province,China (Grant No. SJ08A12)the Science Foundation of the Education Bureau of Shaanxi Province,China (Grant No. 12JK0962)the Science Foundation of Baoji University of Science and Arts of China (Grant No. ZK11053)
文摘The steady states and the transient properties of an insect outbreak model driven by Gaussian colored noise are studied in this paper. According to the Fokker-Planck equation in the unified colored-noise approximation, we analyse the stationary probability distribution and the mean first-passage time of this model. By numerical analysis, the effects of the self-correlation time of insect birth rate and predation rate respectively reveal a manifest population divergence on the insect density. The decrease of the mean first-passage time indicates an enhancement dynamic on the density divergency with colored noise of a large self-correlation time based on the insect outbreak model.
