Super-fine electrohydrodynamic inkjet(SIJ)printing of perovskite nanocrystal(PNC)colloid ink exhibits significant potential in the fabrication of high-resolution color conversion microstructures arrays for fullcolor m...Super-fine electrohydrodynamic inkjet(SIJ)printing of perovskite nanocrystal(PNC)colloid ink exhibits significant potential in the fabrication of high-resolution color conversion microstructures arrays for fullcolor micro-LED displays.However,the impact of solvent on both the printing process and the morphology of SIJ-printed PNC color conversion microstructures remains underexplored.In this study,we prepared samples of CsPbBr3PNC colloid inks in various solvents and investigated the solvent's impact on SIJ printed PNC microstructures.Our findings reveal that the boiling point of the solvent is crucial to the SIJ printing process of PNC colloid inks.Only does the boiling point of the solvent fall in the optimal range,the regular positioned,micron-scaled,conical PNC microstructures can be successfully printed.Below this optimal range,the ink is unable to be ejected from the nozzle;while above this range,irregular positioned microstructures with nanoscale height and coffee-ring-like morphology are produced.Based on these observations,high-resolution color conversion PNC microstructures were effectively prepared using SIJ printing of PNC colloid ink dispersed in dimethylbenzene solvent.展开更多
Cholesteric liquid crystals(CLCs)exhibit unique helical superstructures that selectively reflect circularly polarized light,enabling them to dynamically respond to environmental changes with tunable structural colors....Cholesteric liquid crystals(CLCs)exhibit unique helical superstructures that selectively reflect circularly polarized light,enabling them to dynamically respond to environmental changes with tunable structural colors.This dynamic color-changing capability is crucial for applications that require adaptable optical properties,positioning CLCs as key materials in advanced photonic technologies.This review focuses on the mechanisms of dynamic color tuning in CLCs across various forms,including small molecules,cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers(CLCEs),and cholesteric liquid crystal networks(CLCNs),and emphasizes the distinct responsive coloration each structure provides.Key developments in photochromic mechanisms based on azobenzene,dithienylethene,and molecular motor switches,are discussed for their roles in enhancing the stability and tuning range of CLCs.We examine the color-changing behaviors of CLCEs under mechanical stimuli and CLCNs under swelling,highlighting the advantages of each form.Following this,applications of dynamic color-tuning CLCs in information encryption,adaptive camouflage,and smart sensing technologies are explored.The review concludes with an outlook on current challenges and future directions in CLC research,particularly in biomimetic systems and dynamic photonic devices,aiming to broaden their functional applications and impact.展开更多
Phosphor-in-glass(PiG)films have emerged as the preferred conversion materials for high-brightness laser-driven lighting due to their excellent thermal conductivity and superior optical performance.Screen printing tec...Phosphor-in-glass(PiG)films have emerged as the preferred conversion materials for high-brightness laser-driven lighting due to their excellent thermal conductivity and superior optical performance.Screen printing technology was employed to investigate the correlation between the reflective layer thickness and light conversion efficiency.A multilayer-structured Y_(3)Al_(3.5)Ga_(1.5)O_(12):Ce^(3+)(YAGG:Ce)-PiGTiO_(2)-aluminium nitride(AIN)film(YG-TAF)converter was constructed by efficiently coupling the optimal thickness of the reflective layer with the PiG layer and the AIN substrate.Notably,the YG-TAF shows an impressive thermal conductivity of 22.6 W/(m·K)and a maximum anti-laser power of 15.84 W,demonstrating superb thermal regulation capability.This anti-laser power of 15.84 W represents a breakthrough in current static laser performance research.Impressively,an YG-TAF phosphor color wheel was designed,which achieves an ultra-high-brightness 4375 lm of green light under 450 nm,88 W laser power excitation,close to that of commercial phosphor silicone color wheels.This advancement not only demonstrates the excellent performance of YG-TAF in high-brightness dynamic reflective laser applications but also indicates its strong feasibility for practical implementation.Furthermore,the developed YAGG:Ce-Y_(1.31)Ce_(0.09)Gd_(1.6)Al_5O_(12)-TAF spliced phosphor color wheel successfully mitigates the influence of photon reabsorption and achieves a color rendering index of 80.5,showing great potential for advancement of the field of reflective white light laser illumination.展开更多
Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challengin...Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challenging due to its large genome size and high proportion of repetitive sequences.Allele-specific expression(ASE)plays a key role in regulating plant development and evolution,yet research on ASE in coconut is limited(Shao et al.,2019;Li et al.,2021;Zhang et al.,2021;Hu et al.,2022).Among phenotypic traits,fruit color is especially important as an indicator of maturity,guiding harvest timing and post-harvest processes(Kapoor et al.,2022).While prior studies have explored various coconut traits such as salt tolerance,fiber content,and plant height(Wang et al.,2021;Yang et al.,2021),investigations into ASE and fruit color remain scarce.展开更多
Leopard coral groupers belong to the Plectropomus genus of the Epinephelidae family and are important fish for coral reef ecosystems and the marine aquaculture industry. To promote future research of this species, a h...Leopard coral groupers belong to the Plectropomus genus of the Epinephelidae family and are important fish for coral reef ecosystems and the marine aquaculture industry. To promote future research of this species, a high-quality chromosome-level genome was assembled using PacBio sequencing and Hi-C technology. A 787.06 Mb genome was assembled, with 99.7%(784.57 Mb) of bases anchored to 24 chromosomes. The leopard coral grouper genome size was smaller than that of other groupers, which may be related to its ancient status among grouper species. A total of 22 317 proteincoding genes were predicted. This high-quality genome of the leopard coral grouper is the first genomic resource for Plectropomus and should provide a pivotal genetic foundation for further research. Phylogenetic analysis of the leopard coral grouper and 12 other fish species showed that this fish is closely related to the brown-marbled grouper.Expanded genes in the leopard coral grouper genome were mainly associated with immune response and movement ability, which may be related to the adaptive evolution of this species to its habitat. In addition, we also identified differentially expressed genes(DEGs) associated with carotenoid metabolism between red and brown-colored leopard coral groupers. These genes may play roles in skin color decision by regulating carotenoid content in these groupers.展开更多
The current exact Rayleigh scattering calculation of ocean color remote sensing uses the look-up table （LUT）, which is usually created for a special remote sensor and cannot be applied to other sensors. For practica...The current exact Rayleigh scattering calculation of ocean color remote sensing uses the look-up table （LUT）, which is usually created for a special remote sensor and cannot be applied to other sensors. For practical application, a general purpose Rayleigh scattering LUT which can be applied to all ocean color remote sensors is generated. An adding-doubling method to solve the vector radiative transfer equation in the plane-parallel atmosphere is deduced in detail. Compared with the exact Rayleigh scattering radiance derived from the MODIS exact Rayleigh scattering LUT, it is proved that the relative error of Rayleigh scattering calculation with the adding-doubling method is less than 0.25%, which meets the required accuracy of the atmospheric correction of ocean color remote sensing. Therefore, the adding-doubling method can be used to generate the exact Rayleigh scattering LUT for the ocean color remote sensors. Finally, the general purpose exact Rayleigh scattering LUT is generated using the adding-doubling method. On the basis of the general purpose LUT, the calculated Rayleigh scattering radiance is tested by comparing with the LUTs ofMODIS, SeaWiFS and the other ocean color sensors, showing that the relative errors are all less than 0.5%, and this general purpose LUT can be applied to all ocean color remote sensors.展开更多
The production of colored flames is the primary purpose of military signaling, projectile tracing, and illuminating devices. Certain elements and compounds when heated to high temperature have the unique property of e...The production of colored flames is the primary purpose of military signaling, projectile tracing, and illuminating devices. Certain elements and compounds when heated to high temperature have the unique property of emitting lines or narrow bands in the visible region(380-780 nm). This study, reports on the development of novel yellow colored flame compositions with enhanced spectral performance in terms of luminous intensity, and color quality to standard Russian yellow tracer. The light intensity and the imprint spectra of developed yellow flares were measured using digital luxmeter and UV e Vis. spectrometer respectively. The main giving of this study is that the light intensity, and color quality of Russian yellow tracer were improved by 287%, and 170% respectively. This was accomplished by means of optimizing the ratio of novel binder to color source using aluminum metal fuel. Aluminumbased formulations were found to maximize the formation of yellow reactive emitting specimens, and to eliminate any interfering incandescent emission resulted from Mg O. Quantification of yellow color emitting specimens in the combustion gaseous products was achieved using chemical equilibrium thermodynamic code named ICT(Institute of Chemical Technology in Germany, Virgin 2008); in an attempt to judge the light quality. This improvement in yellow flare performance established the rule that the emission intensity increases as the reaction temperature increases. In the meantime upper limit of temperature was avoided to maximize the color quality.展开更多
This study carried out comprehensive analysis on sedimentology, magnetic susceptibility （7of） and color data of the continental sediments of the Liupanshan Group in Central China so as to obtain climatic change info...This study carried out comprehensive analysis on sedimentology, magnetic susceptibility （7of） and color data of the continental sediments of the Liupanshan Group in Central China so as to obtain climatic change information during the 129.14-122.98 Ma interval. Based on the results of the Xlf and of the redness （a＊）, the section can be divided into two segments： （1） 129.14-126.3 Ma, with the lowest Xlf values and strongly variable relatively high values of redness and （2） 126.3-122.98 Ma, with high Elf values and relatively low redness. Analysis of the lithology and facies as well as the magnetic minerals and their contents points to a detrital origin of the magnetic minerals and this allow us to interpret the relationship between magnetic susceptibility variations and climate changes. Our study shows that the climate was significantly dry and hot during the whole studied interval although the interval between 126.3 Ma and 122.98 was a little bit cooler with increased humidity.展开更多
Background: Meat color and lipid peroxidation are important traits related to meat quality. CO_2 concentration is a critical factor that can affect meat quality in the commercial use of gas stunning(GS). However, the ...Background: Meat color and lipid peroxidation are important traits related to meat quality. CO_2 concentration is a critical factor that can affect meat quality in the commercial use of gas stunning(GS). However, the effect and mechanism of CO_2 stunning on meat color and lipid peroxidation during long-term storage remain poorly studied. We aimed to study the effects of GS methods, especial y CO_2 concentration, on meat color and meat lipid peroxidation in broilers during long-term storage at 4 °C and to explore the potential mechanism of meat color change via lipid peroxidation and the inner lipid peroxide scavenging system.Methods: Eighteen broilers were sacrificed after exposure to one of the following gas mixtures for 90 s: 40% CO_2+21% O_2+ 39% N2(G40%), 79% CO_2+ 21% O_2(G79%), or no stunning(0% CO_2, control). Meat color, serum variables,enzyme activities, and the gene expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), nuclear factor-erythroid2-related factor 2(Nrf2), glutathione S-transferase(GST) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were determined.(Continued on next page)Results: The concentrations of serum triiodothyronine(T3, P = 0.03) and the ratio of serum free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine(FT3/FT4, P < 0.01) were decreased, whereas levels of serum cortisol(P < 0.01) were increased in the 40%CO_2 group compared with the control group. Additionally, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(TBARS)3 d(P < 0.01) and TBARS6 d(P = 0.01) in breast meat and the TBARS3 din thigh meat(P < 0.01) were increased in the40% CO_2 group compared with the control group. Serum T3 was negatively correlated with TBARS6 dboth in the breast and thigh meat(r =-0.63, P < 0.01 and r =-0.47, P = 0.05 respectively). T3/T4 was negatively correlated with TBARS6 din the breast meat and in the thigh meat(r =-0.57, P = 0.01; and r =-0.53, P = 0.03 respectively). Compared with the control group, Lightness(L*)1 d(P = 0.03) and L*9 d(P < 0.01) were increased, whereas total chromatic aberration(E*)1 d(P = 0.05) and E*3 d(P < 0.01) were decreased in the breast meat of both the G40% and G79% groups. The values of yel owness(b*)3 d(P = 0.01), b*6 d(P < 0.01) and E*6 d(P < 0.01) in the thigh meat were lower in both the G40% and G79% groups than in the control group. In the breast muscle, the m RNA levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2(JNK2, P = 0.03),GSTT1(P = 0.04), and SOD1(P = 0.05) were decreased, and the m RNA levels of JNK1(P = 0.07), Nrf2(P = 0.09), and GSTA3(P = 0.06) were slightly lower in both the G40% and G79% groups compared with the control group. However, among these genes, only the m RNA level of JNK1 was decreased in the G40% group compared with the control group and the G79% group(P = 0.03) in the thigh muscle.Conclusions: Compared with the control group, meat color quality in the breast meat was decreased, and the expression of genes in the MAPK/Nrf2/ARE(antioxidant responsive element) antioxidant pathway in breast muscle was partly suppressed by GS of both 40% and 79% CO_2. However, oxidative stress and meat lipid peroxidation during storage were aggravated by GS with 40% CO_2 compared to GS with 79% CO_2 and no GS.展开更多
AIM:To conduct a preliminary study on the effect of flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE) used in combination with ultraslim endoscopy by focusing on the enhanced contrast between tumor and non-tumor lesi...AIM:To conduct a preliminary study on the effect of flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE) used in combination with ultraslim endoscopy by focusing on the enhanced contrast between tumor and non-tumor lesions. METHODS: We examined 50 lesions of 40 patients with epithelial tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract before endoscopic submucosal dissection using ultraslim endoscopy with conventional natural color imag ing and with FICE imaging. We retrospectively invest igated the effect of the use of FICE on endoscopic diagn osis in comparison with normal light. RESULTS: Visibility of the epithelial tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract with FICE was superior to normal light in 54% of the observations and comparable to normal light in 46% of the observations. There was no lesion for which visibility with FICE was inferior to that with normal light. FICE visualized 69.6% of hyperemic lesions and 58.8% of discolored lesions better than conventional endoscopy with natural color imaging. FICE sign if icantly improved the visibility of lesions with hyp ere mia or discoloration compared with normocolored lesions. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the use of FICE would improve the ability of ultraslim endoscopy to detect epithelial tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract.展开更多
A nonlinearity measurement of the charge-coupled device(CCD) array spectrometer using flux addition and comparison method is described. The light with various colors from the colorful light emitting diode(LED) light s...A nonlinearity measurement of the charge-coupled device(CCD) array spectrometer using flux addition and comparison method is described. The light with various colors from the colorful light emitting diode(LED) light source is applied to measure the nonlinearity of the spectrometer at different wavelengths, respectively. An high-end CCD array spectrometer is tested. For colorful LED light sources, the nonlinearity factors of the CCD array spectrometer(absolute value) are as follows: k<0.8% for white light, k <1.1% for red light, k <2.2% for green light and k<4.7% for blue light. By using those quasi-monochromatic light sources, it is shown that the nonlinearity depends on the wavelength. It is important to be wariness about the spectral nonlinearity and related uncertainty evaluation when the narrow-band light source is tested.展开更多
Color image super-resolution reconstruction based on the sparse representation model usually adopts the regularization norm(e.g.,L1 or L2).These methods have limited ability to keep image texture detail to some extent...Color image super-resolution reconstruction based on the sparse representation model usually adopts the regularization norm(e.g.,L1 or L2).These methods have limited ability to keep image texture detail to some extent and are easy to cause the problem of blurring details and color artifacts in color reconstructed images.This paper presents a color super-resolution reconstruction method combining the L2/3 sparse regularization model with color channel constraints.The method converts the low-resolution color image from RGB to YCbCr.The L2/3 sparse regularization model is designed to reconstruct the brightness channel of the input low-resolution color image.Then the color channel-constraint method is adopted to remove artifacts of the reconstructed highresolution image.The method not only ensures the reconstruction quality of the color image details,but also improves the removal ability of color artifacts.The experimental results on natural images validate that our method has improved both subjective and objective evaluation.展开更多
Color quantization is bound to lose spatial information of color distribution. If too much necessary spatial distribution information of color is lost in JSEG, it is difficult or even impossible for JSEG to segment im...Color quantization is bound to lose spatial information of color distribution. If too much necessary spatial distribution information of color is lost in JSEG, it is difficult or even impossible for JSEG to segment image correctly. Enlightened from segmentation based on fuzzy theories, soft class-map is constracted to solve that problem. The definitions of values and other related ones are adjusted according to the soft class-map. With more detailed values obtained from soft class map, more color distribution information is preserved. Experiments on a synthetic image and many other color images illustrate that JSEG with soft class-map can solve efficiently the problem that in a region there may exist color gradual variation in a smooth transition. It is a more robust method especially for images which haven＇ t been heavily blurred near boundaries of underlying regions.展开更多
Colorful visual signals are important systems for investigating the effects of signaling environ ments and receiver physiology on signal evolution as predicted by the sensory drive hypothesis. Support for the sensory ...Colorful visual signals are important systems for investigating the effects of signaling environ ments and receiver physiology on signal evolution as predicted by the sensory drive hypothesis. Support for the sensory drive hypothesis on color signal evolution is mostly based on document ing correlations between the properties of signals and habitat conditions under which the signals are given （i.e., a correlational approach） and less commonly on the use of mathematical models that integrate representations of visual environments, signal properties, and sensory systems （i.e., a functional approach）. Here, we used an experimental approach in the field to evaluate signal efficacy of colorful lizard throat fans called dewlaps that show geographic variation in the lizard Anolis cristatellus. We used a remote controlled apparatus to display ＂fake dewlaps＂ to wild lizards to test for adaptive divergence in dewlap brightness （i.e., perceived intensity） among populations in situ. We found evidence of local adaptation in dewlap brightness consistent with the sensory drive hypothesis. Specifically, dewlaps that had the brightness characteristics of local lizards were more likely to be detected than those with the brightness characteristics of nonlocal lizards. Our findings indicate that simplified mathematical representations of visual environments may allow robust estimates of relative detectability or conspicuousness in natural habitats. We have shown the feasibility of evaluating color signal efficacy experimentally under natural conditions and dem onstrate the potential advantages of presenting isolated components of signals to an intended re ceiver to measure their contribution to signal function.展开更多
A support vector regression(SVR) based color image restoration algorithm is proposed.The test color images are firstly mapped into the YUV color space,and then SVR is applied to build up a theoretical model between th...A support vector regression(SVR) based color image restoration algorithm is proposed.The test color images are firstly mapped into the YUV color space,and then SVR is applied to build up a theoretical model between the degraded images and the original one.Performance comparisons of the proposed algorithm versus traditional filtering algorithms are given.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance than traditional filtering algorithms and has less computation time than iterative blind deconvolution algorithm.展开更多
Reasons for the color change of E.pulcherrima were studied with physiological and biochemical paraments such as: chlorophyll,carotenoids,anthocyanin,Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),pH of cell sap in leaves and solub...Reasons for the color change of E.pulcherrima were studied with physiological and biochemical paraments such as: chlorophyll,carotenoids,anthocyanin,Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),pH of cell sap in leaves and soluble sugar content etc.The results showed that during the period of the leaf color transmittion of E.pulcherrima,the contents of plastid pigment,soluble sugar and pH of cells sap in leaves showed a high-low-high dynamic change,while the contents of anthocyanin and PAL activity showed the low-high...展开更多
With unified colored noise approximation, the logistic growth model is used to analyze cancer cell population when colored noise is included. It is found that both the coupling between noise terms and the noise color...With unified colored noise approximation, the logistic growth model is used to analyze cancer cell population when colored noise is included. It is found that both the coupling between noise terms and the noise color can induce continuous first-order-like and re-entrance-like phase transitions in the system. The coupling and the noise color can also increase tumor cell growth for small number of cell mass and repress tumor cell growth for large number of cell mass. It is shown that the approximate analytic expressions are consistent with the numerical simulations.展开更多
A molecular study based on COI, 16S and 28S genes reveals that a batch of specimens(7 males and 4 females) of Dysphaea Selys, 1853 collected from central Vietnam,which include different color patterns of wings and bod...A molecular study based on COI, 16S and 28S genes reveals that a batch of specimens(7 males and 4 females) of Dysphaea Selys, 1853 collected from central Vietnam,which include different color patterns of wings and body, and were originally identified as three different species, are all the same species. This study implies that, in some group of Odonata,identification only depending on color pattern may be unreliable, no matter what huge variations there are.展开更多
Colored rice is a type of high-quality,high-added-value rice that has attracted increasing attention in recent years.The use of large amounts of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer in rice fields results in low fertilizer u...Colored rice is a type of high-quality,high-added-value rice that has attracted increasing attention in recent years.The use of large amounts of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer in rice fields results in low fertilizer use efficiency and high environmental pollution.Organic fertilizer is a promising way to improve soil quality and sustain high yields.However,most studies focus on the effect of animal-based organic fertilizers.The effects of different ratios of plantbased organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer on the grain yield and quality of colored rice have rarely been reported.Therefore,a two-year field experiment was conducted in 2020 and 2021 to study the effects of replacing inorganic N fertilizers with plant-based organic fertilizers on the yield,nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),and anthocyanin content of two colored rice varieties in a tropical region in China.The experimental treatments included no nitrogen fertilization(T1),100% inorganic nitrogen fertilizer(T2),30%inorganic nitrogen fertilizer substitution with plant-based organic fertilizer(T3),60%inorganic nitrogen fertilizer substitution with plant-based organic fertilizer(T4),and 100% plantbased organic fertilizer(T5).The total nitrogen provided to all the treatments except T1 was the same at 120 kg ha-1.Our results showed that the T3 treatment enhanced the grain yield and anthocyanin content of colored rice by increasing nitrogen use efficiency compared with T2.On average,grain yields were increased by 9 and 8%,while the anthocyanin content increased by 16 and 10% in the two colored rice varieties under T3 across the two years,respectively,as compared with T2.Further study of the residual effect of partial substitution of inorganic fertilizers showed that the substitution of inorganic fertilizer with plant-based organic fertilizer improved the soil physiochemical properties,and thus increased the rice grain yield,in the subsequent seasons.The highest grain yield of the subsequent rice crop was observed under the T5 treatment.Our results suggested that the application of plantbased organic fertilizers can sustain the production of colored rice with high anthocyanin content in tropical regions,which is beneficial in reconciling the relationship between rice production and environmental protection.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62374142)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.20720220085 and 20720240064)+2 种基金External Cooperation Program of Fujian(No.2022I0004)Major Science and Technology Project of Xiamen in China(No.3502Z20191015)Xiamen Natural Science Foundation Youth Project(No.3502Z202471002)。
文摘Super-fine electrohydrodynamic inkjet(SIJ)printing of perovskite nanocrystal(PNC)colloid ink exhibits significant potential in the fabrication of high-resolution color conversion microstructures arrays for fullcolor micro-LED displays.However,the impact of solvent on both the printing process and the morphology of SIJ-printed PNC color conversion microstructures remains underexplored.In this study,we prepared samples of CsPbBr3PNC colloid inks in various solvents and investigated the solvent's impact on SIJ printed PNC microstructures.Our findings reveal that the boiling point of the solvent is crucial to the SIJ printing process of PNC colloid inks.Only does the boiling point of the solvent fall in the optimal range,the regular positioned,micron-scaled,conical PNC microstructures can be successfully printed.Below this optimal range,the ink is unable to be ejected from the nozzle;while above this range,irregular positioned microstructures with nanoscale height and coffee-ring-like morphology are produced.Based on these observations,high-resolution color conversion PNC microstructures were effectively prepared using SIJ printing of PNC colloid ink dispersed in dimethylbenzene solvent.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52233001,51927805,and 52173110)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.2023ZKZD07)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.22QA1401200)。
文摘Cholesteric liquid crystals(CLCs)exhibit unique helical superstructures that selectively reflect circularly polarized light,enabling them to dynamically respond to environmental changes with tunable structural colors.This dynamic color-changing capability is crucial for applications that require adaptable optical properties,positioning CLCs as key materials in advanced photonic technologies.This review focuses on the mechanisms of dynamic color tuning in CLCs across various forms,including small molecules,cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers(CLCEs),and cholesteric liquid crystal networks(CLCNs),and emphasizes the distinct responsive coloration each structure provides.Key developments in photochromic mechanisms based on azobenzene,dithienylethene,and molecular motor switches,are discussed for their roles in enhancing the stability and tuning range of CLCs.We examine the color-changing behaviors of CLCEs under mechanical stimuli and CLCNs under swelling,highlighting the advantages of each form.Following this,applications of dynamic color-tuning CLCs in information encryption,adaptive camouflage,and smart sensing technologies are explored.The review concludes with an outlook on current challenges and future directions in CLC research,particularly in biomimetic systems and dynamic photonic devices,aiming to broaden their functional applications and impact.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(1237040868)。
文摘Phosphor-in-glass(PiG)films have emerged as the preferred conversion materials for high-brightness laser-driven lighting due to their excellent thermal conductivity and superior optical performance.Screen printing technology was employed to investigate the correlation between the reflective layer thickness and light conversion efficiency.A multilayer-structured Y_(3)Al_(3.5)Ga_(1.5)O_(12):Ce^(3+)(YAGG:Ce)-PiGTiO_(2)-aluminium nitride(AIN)film(YG-TAF)converter was constructed by efficiently coupling the optimal thickness of the reflective layer with the PiG layer and the AIN substrate.Notably,the YG-TAF shows an impressive thermal conductivity of 22.6 W/(m·K)and a maximum anti-laser power of 15.84 W,demonstrating superb thermal regulation capability.This anti-laser power of 15.84 W represents a breakthrough in current static laser performance research.Impressively,an YG-TAF phosphor color wheel was designed,which achieves an ultra-high-brightness 4375 lm of green light under 450 nm,88 W laser power excitation,close to that of commercial phosphor silicone color wheels.This advancement not only demonstrates the excellent performance of YG-TAF in high-brightness dynamic reflective laser applications but also indicates its strong feasibility for practical implementation.Furthermore,the developed YAGG:Ce-Y_(1.31)Ce_(0.09)Gd_(1.6)Al_5O_(12)-TAF spliced phosphor color wheel successfully mitigates the influence of photon reabsorption and achieves a color rendering index of 80.5,showing great potential for advancement of the field of reflective white light laser illumination.
基金supported by Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(CATAS-Nos.1630152023007,1630152023011,1630152023012,1630152023013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32071805).
文摘Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challenging due to its large genome size and high proportion of repetitive sequences.Allele-specific expression(ASE)plays a key role in regulating plant development and evolution,yet research on ASE in coconut is limited(Shao et al.,2019;Li et al.,2021;Zhang et al.,2021;Hu et al.,2022).Among phenotypic traits,fruit color is especially important as an indicator of maturity,guiding harvest timing and post-harvest processes(Kapoor et al.,2022).While prior studies have explored various coconut traits such as salt tolerance,fiber content,and plant height(Wang et al.,2021;Yang et al.,2021),investigations into ASE and fruit color remain scarce.
基金the Agriculture Research System of China(ARS-47)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(201804020013)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872572,u1401213,31802266)Yang Fan Innovative&Entrepreneurial Research Team Project(No.201312H10)Program of the China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation Fund of the Chinese Government(42000-41170002).
文摘Leopard coral groupers belong to the Plectropomus genus of the Epinephelidae family and are important fish for coral reef ecosystems and the marine aquaculture industry. To promote future research of this species, a high-quality chromosome-level genome was assembled using PacBio sequencing and Hi-C technology. A 787.06 Mb genome was assembled, with 99.7%(784.57 Mb) of bases anchored to 24 chromosomes. The leopard coral grouper genome size was smaller than that of other groupers, which may be related to its ancient status among grouper species. A total of 22 317 proteincoding genes were predicted. This high-quality genome of the leopard coral grouper is the first genomic resource for Plectropomus and should provide a pivotal genetic foundation for further research. Phylogenetic analysis of the leopard coral grouper and 12 other fish species showed that this fish is closely related to the brown-marbled grouper.Expanded genes in the leopard coral grouper genome were mainly associated with immune response and movement ability, which may be related to the adaptive evolution of this species to its habitat. In addition, we also identified differentially expressed genes(DEGs) associated with carotenoid metabolism between red and brown-colored leopard coral groupers. These genes may play roles in skin color decision by regulating carotenoid content in these groupers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.40506036the High Tech Research and Development"863"Program of China under contract No.2003AA131160-04the Science and Technology Plan of Zhejiang Province of China under contract Nos 2004E60054 and 2004C13027.
文摘The current exact Rayleigh scattering calculation of ocean color remote sensing uses the look-up table （LUT）, which is usually created for a special remote sensor and cannot be applied to other sensors. For practical application, a general purpose Rayleigh scattering LUT which can be applied to all ocean color remote sensors is generated. An adding-doubling method to solve the vector radiative transfer equation in the plane-parallel atmosphere is deduced in detail. Compared with the exact Rayleigh scattering radiance derived from the MODIS exact Rayleigh scattering LUT, it is proved that the relative error of Rayleigh scattering calculation with the adding-doubling method is less than 0.25%, which meets the required accuracy of the atmospheric correction of ocean color remote sensing. Therefore, the adding-doubling method can be used to generate the exact Rayleigh scattering LUT for the ocean color remote sensors. Finally, the general purpose exact Rayleigh scattering LUT is generated using the adding-doubling method. On the basis of the general purpose LUT, the calculated Rayleigh scattering radiance is tested by comparing with the LUTs ofMODIS, SeaWiFS and the other ocean color sensors, showing that the relative errors are all less than 0.5%, and this general purpose LUT can be applied to all ocean color remote sensors.
基金funding the research project entitled“Enhanced Visible Tracers for Illumination and Tracking”
文摘The production of colored flames is the primary purpose of military signaling, projectile tracing, and illuminating devices. Certain elements and compounds when heated to high temperature have the unique property of emitting lines or narrow bands in the visible region(380-780 nm). This study, reports on the development of novel yellow colored flame compositions with enhanced spectral performance in terms of luminous intensity, and color quality to standard Russian yellow tracer. The light intensity and the imprint spectra of developed yellow flares were measured using digital luxmeter and UV e Vis. spectrometer respectively. The main giving of this study is that the light intensity, and color quality of Russian yellow tracer were improved by 287%, and 170% respectively. This was accomplished by means of optimizing the ratio of novel binder to color source using aluminum metal fuel. Aluminumbased formulations were found to maximize the formation of yellow reactive emitting specimens, and to eliminate any interfering incandescent emission resulted from Mg O. Quantification of yellow color emitting specimens in the combustion gaseous products was achieved using chemical equilibrium thermodynamic code named ICT(Institute of Chemical Technology in Germany, Virgin 2008); in an attempt to judge the light quality. This improvement in yellow flare performance established the rule that the emission intensity increases as the reaction temperature increases. In the meantime upper limit of temperature was avoided to maximize the color quality.
基金co-supported by the Chinese NSFC funds (Nos.41272127, 40972025, 40571017)IGCP580
文摘This study carried out comprehensive analysis on sedimentology, magnetic susceptibility （7of） and color data of the continental sediments of the Liupanshan Group in Central China so as to obtain climatic change information during the 129.14-122.98 Ma interval. Based on the results of the Xlf and of the redness （a＊）, the section can be divided into two segments： （1） 129.14-126.3 Ma, with the lowest Xlf values and strongly variable relatively high values of redness and （2） 126.3-122.98 Ma, with high Elf values and relatively low redness. Analysis of the lithology and facies as well as the magnetic minerals and their contents points to a detrital origin of the magnetic minerals and this allow us to interpret the relationship between magnetic susceptibility variations and climate changes. Our study shows that the climate was significantly dry and hot during the whole studied interval although the interval between 126.3 Ma and 122.98 was a little bit cooler with increased humidity.
基金financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(31601978)the China Agriculture Research System-Beijing Team for Poultry Industrythe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘Background: Meat color and lipid peroxidation are important traits related to meat quality. CO_2 concentration is a critical factor that can affect meat quality in the commercial use of gas stunning(GS). However, the effect and mechanism of CO_2 stunning on meat color and lipid peroxidation during long-term storage remain poorly studied. We aimed to study the effects of GS methods, especial y CO_2 concentration, on meat color and meat lipid peroxidation in broilers during long-term storage at 4 °C and to explore the potential mechanism of meat color change via lipid peroxidation and the inner lipid peroxide scavenging system.Methods: Eighteen broilers were sacrificed after exposure to one of the following gas mixtures for 90 s: 40% CO_2+21% O_2+ 39% N2(G40%), 79% CO_2+ 21% O_2(G79%), or no stunning(0% CO_2, control). Meat color, serum variables,enzyme activities, and the gene expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), nuclear factor-erythroid2-related factor 2(Nrf2), glutathione S-transferase(GST) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were determined.(Continued on next page)Results: The concentrations of serum triiodothyronine(T3, P = 0.03) and the ratio of serum free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine(FT3/FT4, P < 0.01) were decreased, whereas levels of serum cortisol(P < 0.01) were increased in the 40%CO_2 group compared with the control group. Additionally, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(TBARS)3 d(P < 0.01) and TBARS6 d(P = 0.01) in breast meat and the TBARS3 din thigh meat(P < 0.01) were increased in the40% CO_2 group compared with the control group. Serum T3 was negatively correlated with TBARS6 dboth in the breast and thigh meat(r =-0.63, P < 0.01 and r =-0.47, P = 0.05 respectively). T3/T4 was negatively correlated with TBARS6 din the breast meat and in the thigh meat(r =-0.57, P = 0.01; and r =-0.53, P = 0.03 respectively). Compared with the control group, Lightness(L*)1 d(P = 0.03) and L*9 d(P < 0.01) were increased, whereas total chromatic aberration(E*)1 d(P = 0.05) and E*3 d(P < 0.01) were decreased in the breast meat of both the G40% and G79% groups. The values of yel owness(b*)3 d(P = 0.01), b*6 d(P < 0.01) and E*6 d(P < 0.01) in the thigh meat were lower in both the G40% and G79% groups than in the control group. In the breast muscle, the m RNA levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2(JNK2, P = 0.03),GSTT1(P = 0.04), and SOD1(P = 0.05) were decreased, and the m RNA levels of JNK1(P = 0.07), Nrf2(P = 0.09), and GSTA3(P = 0.06) were slightly lower in both the G40% and G79% groups compared with the control group. However, among these genes, only the m RNA level of JNK1 was decreased in the G40% group compared with the control group and the G79% group(P = 0.03) in the thigh muscle.Conclusions: Compared with the control group, meat color quality in the breast meat was decreased, and the expression of genes in the MAPK/Nrf2/ARE(antioxidant responsive element) antioxidant pathway in breast muscle was partly suppressed by GS of both 40% and 79% CO_2. However, oxidative stress and meat lipid peroxidation during storage were aggravated by GS with 40% CO_2 compared to GS with 79% CO_2 and no GS.
文摘AIM:To conduct a preliminary study on the effect of flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE) used in combination with ultraslim endoscopy by focusing on the enhanced contrast between tumor and non-tumor lesions. METHODS: We examined 50 lesions of 40 patients with epithelial tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract before endoscopic submucosal dissection using ultraslim endoscopy with conventional natural color imag ing and with FICE imaging. We retrospectively invest igated the effect of the use of FICE on endoscopic diagn osis in comparison with normal light. RESULTS: Visibility of the epithelial tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract with FICE was superior to normal light in 54% of the observations and comparable to normal light in 46% of the observations. There was no lesion for which visibility with FICE was inferior to that with normal light. FICE visualized 69.6% of hyperemic lesions and 58.8% of discolored lesions better than conventional endoscopy with natural color imaging. FICE sign if icantly improved the visibility of lesions with hyp ere mia or discoloration compared with normocolored lesions. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the use of FICE would improve the ability of ultraslim endoscopy to detect epithelial tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61505191)
文摘A nonlinearity measurement of the charge-coupled device(CCD) array spectrometer using flux addition and comparison method is described. The light with various colors from the colorful light emitting diode(LED) light source is applied to measure the nonlinearity of the spectrometer at different wavelengths, respectively. An high-end CCD array spectrometer is tested. For colorful LED light sources, the nonlinearity factors of the CCD array spectrometer(absolute value) are as follows: k<0.8% for white light, k <1.1% for red light, k <2.2% for green light and k<4.7% for blue light. By using those quasi-monochromatic light sources, it is shown that the nonlinearity depends on the wavelength. It is important to be wariness about the spectral nonlinearity and related uncertainty evaluation when the narrow-band light source is tested.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61761028)。
文摘Color image super-resolution reconstruction based on the sparse representation model usually adopts the regularization norm(e.g.,L1 or L2).These methods have limited ability to keep image texture detail to some extent and are easy to cause the problem of blurring details and color artifacts in color reconstructed images.This paper presents a color super-resolution reconstruction method combining the L2/3 sparse regularization model with color channel constraints.The method converts the low-resolution color image from RGB to YCbCr.The L2/3 sparse regularization model is designed to reconstruct the brightness channel of the input low-resolution color image.Then the color channel-constraint method is adopted to remove artifacts of the reconstructed highresolution image.The method not only ensures the reconstruction quality of the color image details,but also improves the removal ability of color artifacts.The experimental results on natural images validate that our method has improved both subjective and objective evaluation.
文摘Color quantization is bound to lose spatial information of color distribution. If too much necessary spatial distribution information of color is lost in JSEG, it is difficult or even impossible for JSEG to segment image correctly. Enlightened from segmentation based on fuzzy theories, soft class-map is constracted to solve that problem. The definitions of values and other related ones are adjusted according to the soft class-map. With more detailed values obtained from soft class map, more color distribution information is preserved. Experiments on a synthetic image and many other color images illustrate that JSEG with soft class-map can solve efficiently the problem that in a region there may exist color gradual variation in a smooth transition. It is a more robust method especially for images which haven＇ t been heavily blurred near boundaries of underlying regions.
文摘Colorful visual signals are important systems for investigating the effects of signaling environ ments and receiver physiology on signal evolution as predicted by the sensory drive hypothesis. Support for the sensory drive hypothesis on color signal evolution is mostly based on document ing correlations between the properties of signals and habitat conditions under which the signals are given （i.e., a correlational approach） and less commonly on the use of mathematical models that integrate representations of visual environments, signal properties, and sensory systems （i.e., a functional approach）. Here, we used an experimental approach in the field to evaluate signal efficacy of colorful lizard throat fans called dewlaps that show geographic variation in the lizard Anolis cristatellus. We used a remote controlled apparatus to display ＂fake dewlaps＂ to wild lizards to test for adaptive divergence in dewlap brightness （i.e., perceived intensity） among populations in situ. We found evidence of local adaptation in dewlap brightness consistent with the sensory drive hypothesis. Specifically, dewlaps that had the brightness characteristics of local lizards were more likely to be detected than those with the brightness characteristics of nonlocal lizards. Our findings indicate that simplified mathematical representations of visual environments may allow robust estimates of relative detectability or conspicuousness in natural habitats. We have shown the feasibility of evaluating color signal efficacy experimentally under natural conditions and dem onstrate the potential advantages of presenting isolated components of signals to an intended re ceiver to measure their contribution to signal function.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60675023)
文摘A support vector regression(SVR) based color image restoration algorithm is proposed.The test color images are firstly mapped into the YUV color space,and then SVR is applied to build up a theoretical model between the degraded images and the original one.Performance comparisons of the proposed algorithm versus traditional filtering algorithms are given.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance than traditional filtering algorithms and has less computation time than iterative blind deconvolution algorithm.
文摘Reasons for the color change of E.pulcherrima were studied with physiological and biochemical paraments such as: chlorophyll,carotenoids,anthocyanin,Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),pH of cell sap in leaves and soluble sugar content etc.The results showed that during the period of the leaf color transmittion of E.pulcherrima,the contents of plastid pigment,soluble sugar and pH of cells sap in leaves showed a high-low-high dynamic change,while the contents of anthocyanin and PAL activity showed the low-high...
基金The project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant No. BK2001138
文摘With unified colored noise approximation, the logistic growth model is used to analyze cancer cell population when colored noise is included. It is found that both the coupling between noise terms and the noise color can induce continuous first-order-like and re-entrance-like phase transitions in the system. The coupling and the noise color can also increase tumor cell growth for small number of cell mass and repress tumor cell growth for large number of cell mass. It is shown that the approximate analytic expressions are consistent with the numerical simulations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572299)a grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2015FY210300)
文摘A molecular study based on COI, 16S and 28S genes reveals that a batch of specimens(7 males and 4 females) of Dysphaea Selys, 1853 collected from central Vietnam,which include different color patterns of wings and body, and were originally identified as three different species, are all the same species. This study implies that, in some group of Odonata,identification only depending on color pattern may be unreliable, no matter what huge variations there are.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060430 and 31971840)the Research Initiation Fund of Hainan University,China(KYQD(ZR)19104)。
文摘Colored rice is a type of high-quality,high-added-value rice that has attracted increasing attention in recent years.The use of large amounts of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer in rice fields results in low fertilizer use efficiency and high environmental pollution.Organic fertilizer is a promising way to improve soil quality and sustain high yields.However,most studies focus on the effect of animal-based organic fertilizers.The effects of different ratios of plantbased organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer on the grain yield and quality of colored rice have rarely been reported.Therefore,a two-year field experiment was conducted in 2020 and 2021 to study the effects of replacing inorganic N fertilizers with plant-based organic fertilizers on the yield,nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),and anthocyanin content of two colored rice varieties in a tropical region in China.The experimental treatments included no nitrogen fertilization(T1),100% inorganic nitrogen fertilizer(T2),30%inorganic nitrogen fertilizer substitution with plant-based organic fertilizer(T3),60%inorganic nitrogen fertilizer substitution with plant-based organic fertilizer(T4),and 100% plantbased organic fertilizer(T5).The total nitrogen provided to all the treatments except T1 was the same at 120 kg ha-1.Our results showed that the T3 treatment enhanced the grain yield and anthocyanin content of colored rice by increasing nitrogen use efficiency compared with T2.On average,grain yields were increased by 9 and 8%,while the anthocyanin content increased by 16 and 10% in the two colored rice varieties under T3 across the two years,respectively,as compared with T2.Further study of the residual effect of partial substitution of inorganic fertilizers showed that the substitution of inorganic fertilizer with plant-based organic fertilizer improved the soil physiochemical properties,and thus increased the rice grain yield,in the subsequent seasons.The highest grain yield of the subsequent rice crop was observed under the T5 treatment.Our results suggested that the application of plantbased organic fertilizers can sustain the production of colored rice with high anthocyanin content in tropical regions,which is beneficial in reconciling the relationship between rice production and environmental protection.
