By analyzing the structure and academic characteristics of early Western Han medical texts such as Prescriptions for Fifty-Two Diseases(Wu Shi Er Bing Fang)and Prescriptions for Health Preservation(Yang Sheng Fang),an...By analyzing the structure and academic characteristics of early Western Han medical texts such as Prescriptions for Fifty-Two Diseases(Wu Shi Er Bing Fang)and Prescriptions for Health Preservation(Yang Sheng Fang),and considering the development of philosophical thinking during the pre-Qin and Han periods,this study summarizes how Zhongjing Zhang’s Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(Shang Han Za Bing Lun)inherited pre-Qin and Han philosophical thought while further integrating Daoist“natural law”cosmology,Confucian“benevolence”social ethics,and the“isomorphic unity of heaven and humanity”medical theory in Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic(Huang Di Nei Jing).It proposes health preservation concepts encompassing heaven-human,body-spirit,and benevolence perspectives,along with dietary hygiene,representing the medical embodiment of pre-Han“virtue cultivation”and“body nurturing”life philosophies that profoundly influenced subsequent traditional Chinese medicine health preservation theory and practice.展开更多
Based on the meteorological data of representative meteorological stations in Hunan and Hubei from 1961 to 2008 years,the change character of double rice cold damage under the background of climate change were analyze...Based on the meteorological data of representative meteorological stations in Hunan and Hubei from 1961 to 2008 years,the change character of double rice cold damage under the background of climate change were analyzed adopting 30 years glide accumulation method.The analysis showed that the 30 years sliding cumulative days of mild low-temperature during spring sowing in Hunan and Hubei were decreased in the recent 50 years,as well as the 30 years sliding cumulative days of moderate low-temperature in central south Hubei,northern and western Hunan.However,there was an increase in southern Hunan,so was the 30 years sliding cumulative days of severe low-temperature.The 30 years sliding cumulative days of mild low-temperature in May reduced in Hunan and Hubei.Instead,that of moderate low-temperature in May in central south Hubei was on the rise,and it was opposite in northern and southern Hunan,but there was no obvious change in western Hunan.The 30 years sliding cumulative days of severe low-temperature showed a decreasing tendency in May in central south Hubei,northern and western Hunan,and southern Hunan showed a contrary tendency.The 30 years sliding cumulative days of mild cold dew wind in Hunan and Hubei were decreased,that of moderate cold dew wind in central south Hubei,northern and western Hunan had the same tendency,but there was a contrary tendency in southern Hunan.The 30 years sliding cumulative days of severe cold dew wind was decreased in central south Hubei and increased in western Hunan,without cold dew wind in northern and southern Hunan.展开更多
The low temperature cold damage of paddy rice is the major agricultural meteorological disaster in Ningxia.The real-time monitoring and early warning of low temperature cold damage are very important to develop the ad...The low temperature cold damage of paddy rice is the major agricultural meteorological disaster in Ningxia.The real-time monitoring and early warning of low temperature cold damage are very important to develop the advantages,avoid the disadvantages and reduce the disaster losses.Based on the prior researches on the low temperature cold damage indexes of paddy rice,we improved the small grid reckoning method of temperature and the reckoning precision with the support of GIS.By using the multitemporal remote sensing data,the paddy rice planting zone was picked.The calculation results of low temperature cold damage monitoring indexes were combined with the paddy rice planting zone,which judged the grade distribution and zone of low temperature cold damage in real time.Meanwhile,the low temperature cold damage of paddy rice was done the early warning,and the automatic monitoring early warning system was developed by using the weather forecast data.This method and system were applied to the business works,and the monitoring and early warning products of paddy rice low temperature cold damage business were made.The monitoring results basically corresponded with the actual situation,and the better monitoring service effect was gained.展开更多
Based on GIS techniques,a climatology model,and several types of geographic data such as longitude,latitude,altitude,cold damage data in Guangxi were corrected according to specific geographic details of 1 km×1 k...Based on GIS techniques,a climatology model,and several types of geographic data such as longitude,latitude,altitude,cold damage data in Guangxi were corrected according to specific geographic details of 1 km×1 km.Considering growing conditions and cold-index of rice in Guangxi,the real-time monitoring and pre-warning on the occurrence,development and intensity and scope of rice in Guangxi were realized.The monitoring effects of damage process in middle and late May of 2009 was comparatively accordant with the actual situations.展开更多
Combined with remote sensing data and meteorological data, cold damage risk was assessed for planting area of double cropping rice （DCR） in Hunan Province, China. A new methodology of cold damage risk assessment was...Combined with remote sensing data and meteorological data, cold damage risk was assessed for planting area of double cropping rice （DCR） in Hunan Province, China. A new methodology of cold damage risk assessment was built that apply to grid and have clear hazard-affected body. Each station cold damage annual frequency and average annual intensity of cold damage was calculated by using 1951-2010 station daily mean temperature and simple cold damage identification index. On this basis, average annual cold damage risk index was obtained by their product. The spatial analysis models of cold damage risk index about double-season early rice （DSER） and double-season later rice （DSLR） were established respectively by the relation of average annual cold damage risk index and its geographic factors. Critical threshold of level of average annual cold damage risk index for DSER and DSLR were respectively divided by the correlative equation of cold damage annual frequency and average annual intensity of cold damage. 2001-2010 planting area of DCR, acquired by time series analysis of MOD09AI 8-d composite land surface reflectance product, was as target of assessment. The results show average annual intensity of cold damage is exponential function of cold damage annual frequency, average annual cold damage risk index is directly proportional to cold damage cumulant and cold damage annual frequency, and is inversely proportional to happen times of cold damage and the square of statistical time sequence length. Cold damage risk of DSER is higher than DSLR in Hunan Province. In the 10-yr stacking map, DCR planting in low risk area accounted for 11.92% of total extraction area, in moderate risk area accounted for 69.62%, in high risk area accounted for 18.46%. According to the cold damage risk assessment result, DCR production can be guided to reduce cold damage losses.展开更多
In order to make the relevant risk departments and the agricultural producers have a clearer understanding of maize cold damage, the data of daily average temperature of 83 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Prov...In order to make the relevant risk departments and the agricultural producers have a clearer understanding of maize cold damage, the data of daily average temperature of 83 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province from 1986 to 2015, and the risk assessment model of maize cold damage in northeast China were used, and the risk index values of maize cold damage in Heilongjiang Province from 1986 to 2015 were calculated. And according to the risk index values, Heilongjiang Province was divided into five risk areas. The results showed that the high risk areas and the sub-high risk areas of maize cold damage in Heilongjiang Province in recent 30 years were in Daqing and Suihua cities, the medium risk areas were located in the center of the Songnen Plain and other regions, the sub-low risk areas were located in the Songnen Plain, and most of the rest were the low risk areas.展开更多
The Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is one of the typical agri-ecosystems in China,which suffers from cold damage frequently resulting in substantial economic losses.In order to monitor the changes in the occurrence of cold dama...The Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is one of the typical agri-ecosystems in China,which suffers from cold damage frequently resulting in substantial economic losses.In order to monitor the changes in the occurrence of cold damage in an effective and large-scale manner,and to determine their meteorological causes,this paper collected low temperature data from the agricultural meteorological stations and remote sensing data of MODIS from 2005 to 2015,and constructed a monitoring model of cold damage to winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain based on the Logistic regression model.This model was used to analyze the spatio-temporal changes of cold damage of winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain from 2011 to 2020,and correlation analysis was performed with the spatio-temporal changes of meteorological factors to ascertain how they affect cold damage.The results show that the harm from cold damage in winter wheat has been gradually decreasing from 2011 to 2020,and the cold damage areas with high probability and high frequency are moving from north to south.The meteorological elements with the greatest impacts on the degree of cold damage from stronger to weaker are heat,precipitation and sunshine duration,whose influence has spatial variability.展开更多
Data assimilation is extensively applied in agricultural remote sensing application.However,integration of multi-temporal and high spatial resolution images with crop growth model to evaluate the effect of cold damage...Data assimilation is extensively applied in agricultural remote sensing application.However,integration of multi-temporal and high spatial resolution images with crop growth model to evaluate the effect of cold damage on paddy rice was still lacking.In this paper,authors applied data assimilation combining LANDSAT/TM,a series of terra MODIS images with SIMRIW model to detect how cold damage affected paddy rice yield per unit in the Wuchang county,Heilongjiang province for the year 2006.In the study,MODIS images selected corresponding to a series of the key rice growth phases were utilized to retrieve daily LAI values that were needed in the SIMRIW model.Meanwhile,TM was applied to accurately extract paddy rice sown areas.The study results showed that the yield per unit was 10,628.5840 kg/ha under cold damage condition,which was little less than 10,768.3210 kg/ha under optimal condition.Moreover,the ratio of the calculated yield per value under cold damage condition to the actual value of paddy rice yield per unit was 0.56.The result was better than that acquired in USA and Japan.The results of this study expected to provide suggestions to policy-makers and reference to related research.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of ALA applied by foliage spraying and root irrigation on banana plantlets exposed to cold stress. [Method] After applied by foliage spraying and root irrigation ...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of ALA applied by foliage spraying and root irrigation on banana plantlets exposed to cold stress. [Method] After applied by foliage spraying and root irrigation with 5-aminolevulinic acid （ALA） at four different concentrations, ＂Brazil banana＂ plantlets were placed in artificial climate boxes at 7 ℃ to imitate low-temperature stress. [Result] The results showed that ALA application by both foliage spraying and root application can significantly increase SOD and POD activities, and reduce O2- generation rate, MDA content and relative conductivity in leaves of banana plantlets, as well as raising proline content, soluble protein content and relative water content, and maintaining the stability of chlorophyll. Foliage application of ALA within concentration range of 0.505.00 mg/L had best effect, which increased the chlorophyll content and reduced the relative conductivity and MDA content significantly compared to root irrigation at the same concentration, and raised SOD and POD activities by 64.5% and 12.3% respectively at 5 mg/L compared to their counterparts by root irrigation. [Conclusion] Foliage spraying of ALA can better mitigate the injuries to banana plantlets caused by low-temperature stress.展开更多
Against the backdrop of the modern-era conflict between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medicine,during which Western medicine gradually gained administrative authority over public health,Chinese medicine...Against the backdrop of the modern-era conflict between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medicine,during which Western medicine gradually gained administrative authority over public health,Chinese medicine faced an existential crisis.Due to Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》Treatise on Cold Damage)being characterized by its emphasis on clinical efficacy rather than metaphysical speculation,and under the influence of Japanese Kampo medicine,which highly valued the study of Shang Han Lun and promoted Chinese-Western integration,Shang Han Lun Theory emerged as a primary breakthrough point for the scientification of TCM.Modern-era scholars of Shang Han Lun Theory developed innovative interpretations of the six meridians from multiple perspectives,including reinterpretation based on syndromic patterns,organ structures and physiopathological mechanisms,the Stage-based Model,and pathological location and nature.They also incorporated new scientific knowledge such as bacteriology,physiology,pathology,and pharmacology to reinterpret the etiology,medicinals,and formulas within the Shang Han Lun.Moreover,these scholars pioneered the clinical co-application of Western pharmaceuticals with Shang Han Lun–based formulas,introduced Western diagnostic instruments into TCM clinical practice,and explored institutional models of the Integration of TCM and Western Medicine.These innovations and transformations led to the formation of a new research paradigm within Shang Han Lun Theory,which not only countered the criticisms from Western medicine,thereby preserving the academic and clinical space for TCM,but also initiated a new educational model for Shang Han Lun studies.More importantly,it laid a crucial theoretical and practical foundation for the post-1949 development of the Integration of TCM and Western Medicine,marking a significant milestone in the modern history of Chinese medicine.展开更多
During the 17th and 18th centuries,medical exchanges between Japan and China were frequent and intensive.In the 17th century,due to the wars during the Ming-Qing transition,numerous Chinese physicians came to Japan,br...During the 17th and 18th centuries,medical exchanges between Japan and China were frequent and intensive.In the 17th century,due to the wars during the Ming-Qing transition,numerous Chinese physicians came to Japan,bringing with them advanced medical techniques and newly published medical texts.In the early 18th century,following Tokugawa Yoshimune’s(徳川吉宗)implementation of medical reform policies,many Chinese physicians arrived in Japan.There,they exchanged knowledge with Japanese physicians and facilitated the publication of Chinese medical texts in Japan.These exchanges significantly increased attention to Chinese medical works,particularly Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》Treatise on Cold Damage),within Edo medical circles.This had a profound impact on physicians of the Japanese Kohōschool(古方派)and significantly contributed to shaping Kampōmedicine into its contemporary form.From the perspectives of intellectual history and knowledge exchange,this paper explores the circulation of medical knowledge between China and Japan during the early modern period,examining its profound historical influence on Japanese medicine.The study specifically aims to clarify the authentic meaning of“Ancient Learning(复古)”and to correct the prevailing academic misconception that the Kohōschool exclusively focused on reviving Shang Han Lun.展开更多
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the preparation process of Mahuang Xixin Fuzi decoction granules based on the clinical pharmacological effects of the classic formulas and to control the qualit...Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the preparation process of Mahuang Xixin Fuzi decoction granules based on the clinical pharmacological effects of the classic formulas and to control the quality of the product.Methods An orthogonal experimental design was used,with extraction yield and transfer rate of key ingredients as evaluation indicators,to optimize the extraction process ofMahuang Xixin Fuzi decoction.The granulation process was optimized based on indicators such as granule formation rate,dissolution rate,and moisture absorption rate.Results The optimal extraction process for Mahuang Xixin Fuzi decoction was determined as the following:using 10 times the amount of water to soak for 30 minutes,extracting three times,each for 60minutes,with a concentrated extract relative density of 1.3 g/mL.A mixture of dextrin and starch at a 1:2 ratio was used as a binder for wet granulation.The granule formation rate,dissolution time,and dilution rate of three repeated batches showed relative standard deviation(RSD)values of 1.48,2.83,and 1.55%.Conclusion This method is stable and feasible,providing valuable data for the industrial production of Mahuang Xixin Fuzi decoction granules and further research on this formulation.展开更多
The continuous descaling and cold rolling mill（ CDCM） is renow ned for its high capacity and high speed,which makes it very difficult to manually check the surface quality of steel strips. A surface-defect online de...The continuous descaling and cold rolling mill（ CDCM） is renow ned for its high capacity and high speed,which makes it very difficult to manually check the surface quality of steel strips. A surface-defect online detector and its components,which are employed in a CDCM at Baosteel,are introduced,including the electrical,imaging,processing and softw are systems. To evaluate the effectiveness of the application of this detector,and to reduce the number of false alarms,the optimal number of defect samples is determined,pre- and post-processing rules are established,and talking-voice and color-changing alarms are employed.展开更多
Owing to the complexity and variability of global climate,the study of extreme events to ensure food security is particularly critical.The standardized precipitation requirement index(SPRI)and chilling injury index(I_...Owing to the complexity and variability of global climate,the study of extreme events to ensure food security is particularly critical.The standardized precipitation requirement index(SPRI)and chilling injury index(I_(Ci))were introduced using data from agrometeorological stations on the Songliao Plain between 1981 and 2020 to identify the spatial and temporal variability of drought,waterlogging,and low-temperature cold damage during various maize growth periods.Compound drought and low-temperature cold damage events(CDLEs)and compound waterlogging and low-temperature cold damage events(CWLEs)were then identified.To measure the intensity of compound events,the compound drought and low-temperature cold damage magnitude index(CDLMI),and compound waterlogging and low-temperature cold damage magnitude index(CWLMI)were constructed by fitting marginal distributions.Finally,the effects of extreme events of various intensities on maize output were examined.The findings demonstrate that:(1)There were significant differences in the temporal trends of the SPRI and ICiduring different maize growth periods.Drought predominated in the middle growth period(MP),waterlogging predominated in the early growth period(EP)and late growth period(LP),and both drought and waterlogging tended to increase in intensity and frequency.The frequency of low-temperature cold damage showed a decreasing trend in all periods.(2)The CDLMI and CWLMI can effectively determine the intensity of CDLEs and CWLEs in the study area;these CDLEs and CWLEs had higher intensity and frequency in the late growth period.(3)Compared to single events,maize relative meteorological yield had a more significant negative correlation with the CDLMI and CWLMI.展开更多
基金supported by the Henan Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture and Management Research Project(TCM2022036)Henan Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture Publication Funding Special Project(TCMCB2023016)+3 种基金Henan University of Chinese Medicine Research Seedling Project(MP2023-29)National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project(GZY-KJS-2022-043-1)Henan Culture-Promoting Project Cultural Research Special Project(2022XWH231)National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project(GZY-KJS-2022-037).
文摘By analyzing the structure and academic characteristics of early Western Han medical texts such as Prescriptions for Fifty-Two Diseases(Wu Shi Er Bing Fang)and Prescriptions for Health Preservation(Yang Sheng Fang),and considering the development of philosophical thinking during the pre-Qin and Han periods,this study summarizes how Zhongjing Zhang’s Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(Shang Han Za Bing Lun)inherited pre-Qin and Han philosophical thought while further integrating Daoist“natural law”cosmology,Confucian“benevolence”social ethics,and the“isomorphic unity of heaven and humanity”medical theory in Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic(Huang Di Nei Jing).It proposes health preservation concepts encompassing heaven-human,body-spirit,and benevolence perspectives,along with dietary hygiene,representing the medical embodiment of pre-Han“virtue cultivation”and“body nurturing”life philosophies that profoundly influenced subsequent traditional Chinese medicine health preservation theory and practice.
基金Supported by Climate Change Special Fund of China Meteorological Administration (CCSF-09-14)Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Hunan Province (2008FJ1006)+1 种基金Scientific Research Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) (GY-HY200906021)The Key Grant Project of Meteorological Bureau of Hunan Province,"The Study on Meteorological Service Integrated Platform in Modern Agriculture"
文摘Based on the meteorological data of representative meteorological stations in Hunan and Hubei from 1961 to 2008 years,the change character of double rice cold damage under the background of climate change were analyzed adopting 30 years glide accumulation method.The analysis showed that the 30 years sliding cumulative days of mild low-temperature during spring sowing in Hunan and Hubei were decreased in the recent 50 years,as well as the 30 years sliding cumulative days of moderate low-temperature in central south Hubei,northern and western Hunan.However,there was an increase in southern Hunan,so was the 30 years sliding cumulative days of severe low-temperature.The 30 years sliding cumulative days of mild low-temperature in May reduced in Hunan and Hubei.Instead,that of moderate low-temperature in May in central south Hubei was on the rise,and it was opposite in northern and southern Hunan,but there was no obvious change in western Hunan.The 30 years sliding cumulative days of severe low-temperature showed a decreasing tendency in May in central south Hubei,northern and western Hunan,and southern Hunan showed a contrary tendency.The 30 years sliding cumulative days of mild cold dew wind in Hunan and Hubei were decreased,that of moderate cold dew wind in central south Hubei,northern and western Hunan had the same tendency,but there was a contrary tendency in southern Hunan.The 30 years sliding cumulative days of severe cold dew wind was decreased in central south Hubei and increased in western Hunan,without cold dew wind in northern and southern Hunan.
基金Supported by The New Technology Popularization Item of China Meteorological Administration(CMATG005M44)~~
文摘The low temperature cold damage of paddy rice is the major agricultural meteorological disaster in Ningxia.The real-time monitoring and early warning of low temperature cold damage are very important to develop the advantages,avoid the disadvantages and reduce the disaster losses.Based on the prior researches on the low temperature cold damage indexes of paddy rice,we improved the small grid reckoning method of temperature and the reckoning precision with the support of GIS.By using the multitemporal remote sensing data,the paddy rice planting zone was picked.The calculation results of low temperature cold damage monitoring indexes were combined with the paddy rice planting zone,which judged the grade distribution and zone of low temperature cold damage in real time.Meanwhile,the low temperature cold damage of paddy rice was done the early warning,and the automatic monitoring early warning system was developed by using the weather forecast data.This method and system were applied to the business works,and the monitoring and early warning products of paddy rice low temperature cold damage business were made.The monitoring results basically corresponded with the actual situation,and the better monitoring service effect was gained.
基金Supported by Guangxi National Science Foundation (0832204 )Guangxi Programs for Science and Technology Development(0816006-8)National Support Program for Science and Technology (2008BADB8B01)
文摘Based on GIS techniques,a climatology model,and several types of geographic data such as longitude,latitude,altitude,cold damage data in Guangxi were corrected according to specific geographic details of 1 km×1 km.Considering growing conditions and cold-index of rice in Guangxi,the real-time monitoring and pre-warning on the occurrence,development and intensity and scope of rice in Guangxi were realized.The monitoring effects of damage process in middle and late May of 2009 was comparatively accordant with the actual situations.
基金funded by the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period(2011BAD32B01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40875070)the Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China(20100101110035)
文摘Combined with remote sensing data and meteorological data, cold damage risk was assessed for planting area of double cropping rice （DCR） in Hunan Province, China. A new methodology of cold damage risk assessment was built that apply to grid and have clear hazard-affected body. Each station cold damage annual frequency and average annual intensity of cold damage was calculated by using 1951-2010 station daily mean temperature and simple cold damage identification index. On this basis, average annual cold damage risk index was obtained by their product. The spatial analysis models of cold damage risk index about double-season early rice （DSER） and double-season later rice （DSLR） were established respectively by the relation of average annual cold damage risk index and its geographic factors. Critical threshold of level of average annual cold damage risk index for DSER and DSLR were respectively divided by the correlative equation of cold damage annual frequency and average annual intensity of cold damage. 2001-2010 planting area of DCR, acquired by time series analysis of MOD09AI 8-d composite land surface reflectance product, was as target of assessment. The results show average annual intensity of cold damage is exponential function of cold damage annual frequency, average annual cold damage risk index is directly proportional to cold damage cumulant and cold damage annual frequency, and is inversely proportional to happen times of cold damage and the square of statistical time sequence length. Cold damage risk of DSER is higher than DSLR in Hunan Province. In the 10-yr stacking map, DCR planting in low risk area accounted for 11.92% of total extraction area, in moderate risk area accounted for 69.62%, in high risk area accounted for 18.46%. According to the cold damage risk assessment result, DCR production can be guided to reduce cold damage losses.
文摘In order to make the relevant risk departments and the agricultural producers have a clearer understanding of maize cold damage, the data of daily average temperature of 83 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province from 1986 to 2015, and the risk assessment model of maize cold damage in northeast China were used, and the risk index values of maize cold damage in Heilongjiang Province from 1986 to 2015 were calculated. And according to the risk index values, Heilongjiang Province was divided into five risk areas. The results showed that the high risk areas and the sub-high risk areas of maize cold damage in Heilongjiang Province in recent 30 years were in Daqing and Suihua cities, the medium risk areas were located in the center of the Songnen Plain and other regions, the sub-low risk areas were located in the Songnen Plain, and most of the rest were the low risk areas.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YD0300403)。
文摘The Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is one of the typical agri-ecosystems in China,which suffers from cold damage frequently resulting in substantial economic losses.In order to monitor the changes in the occurrence of cold damage in an effective and large-scale manner,and to determine their meteorological causes,this paper collected low temperature data from the agricultural meteorological stations and remote sensing data of MODIS from 2005 to 2015,and constructed a monitoring model of cold damage to winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain based on the Logistic regression model.This model was used to analyze the spatio-temporal changes of cold damage of winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain from 2011 to 2020,and correlation analysis was performed with the spatio-temporal changes of meteorological factors to ascertain how they affect cold damage.The results show that the harm from cold damage in winter wheat has been gradually decreasing from 2011 to 2020,and the cold damage areas with high probability and high frequency are moving from north to south.The meteorological elements with the greatest impacts on the degree of cold damage from stronger to weaker are heat,precipitation and sunshine duration,whose influence has spatial variability.
基金sponsored by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(40930101)Key Laboratory of Resources Remote Sensing and Digital Agriculture of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture(RDA0910)+2 种基金the Commonweal Foundation of China’s National Academy(200990124)the Commonweal Foundation of China’s National Academy(2010002-2)National Technology Introduction Program of China(948program,2009-Z31)。
文摘Data assimilation is extensively applied in agricultural remote sensing application.However,integration of multi-temporal and high spatial resolution images with crop growth model to evaluate the effect of cold damage on paddy rice was still lacking.In this paper,authors applied data assimilation combining LANDSAT/TM,a series of terra MODIS images with SIMRIW model to detect how cold damage affected paddy rice yield per unit in the Wuchang county,Heilongjiang province for the year 2006.In the study,MODIS images selected corresponding to a series of the key rice growth phases were utilized to retrieve daily LAI values that were needed in the SIMRIW model.Meanwhile,TM was applied to accurately extract paddy rice sown areas.The study results showed that the yield per unit was 10,628.5840 kg/ha under cold damage condition,which was little less than 10,768.3210 kg/ha under optimal condition.Moreover,the ratio of the calculated yield per value under cold damage condition to the actual value of paddy rice yield per unit was 0.56.The result was better than that acquired in USA and Japan.The results of this study expected to provide suggestions to policy-makers and reference to related research.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30860170)Fund for the Youth of Hainan University(qujj1160)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of ALA applied by foliage spraying and root irrigation on banana plantlets exposed to cold stress. [Method] After applied by foliage spraying and root irrigation with 5-aminolevulinic acid （ALA） at four different concentrations, ＂Brazil banana＂ plantlets were placed in artificial climate boxes at 7 ℃ to imitate low-temperature stress. [Result] The results showed that ALA application by both foliage spraying and root application can significantly increase SOD and POD activities, and reduce O2- generation rate, MDA content and relative conductivity in leaves of banana plantlets, as well as raising proline content, soluble protein content and relative water content, and maintaining the stability of chlorophyll. Foliage application of ALA within concentration range of 0.505.00 mg/L had best effect, which increased the chlorophyll content and reduced the relative conductivity and MDA content significantly compared to root irrigation at the same concentration, and raised SOD and POD activities by 64.5% and 12.3% respectively at 5 mg/L compared to their counterparts by root irrigation. [Conclusion] Foliage spraying of ALA can better mitigate the injuries to banana plantlets caused by low-temperature stress.
基金financed by the grant from the major project of the second batch of approved topics under the Zhejiang Cultural Research Project in 2023(No.23WH27ZD).
文摘Against the backdrop of the modern-era conflict between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medicine,during which Western medicine gradually gained administrative authority over public health,Chinese medicine faced an existential crisis.Due to Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》Treatise on Cold Damage)being characterized by its emphasis on clinical efficacy rather than metaphysical speculation,and under the influence of Japanese Kampo medicine,which highly valued the study of Shang Han Lun and promoted Chinese-Western integration,Shang Han Lun Theory emerged as a primary breakthrough point for the scientification of TCM.Modern-era scholars of Shang Han Lun Theory developed innovative interpretations of the six meridians from multiple perspectives,including reinterpretation based on syndromic patterns,organ structures and physiopathological mechanisms,the Stage-based Model,and pathological location and nature.They also incorporated new scientific knowledge such as bacteriology,physiology,pathology,and pharmacology to reinterpret the etiology,medicinals,and formulas within the Shang Han Lun.Moreover,these scholars pioneered the clinical co-application of Western pharmaceuticals with Shang Han Lun–based formulas,introduced Western diagnostic instruments into TCM clinical practice,and explored institutional models of the Integration of TCM and Western Medicine.These innovations and transformations led to the formation of a new research paradigm within Shang Han Lun Theory,which not only countered the criticisms from Western medicine,thereby preserving the academic and clinical space for TCM,but also initiated a new educational model for Shang Han Lun studies.More importantly,it laid a crucial theoretical and practical foundation for the post-1949 development of the Integration of TCM and Western Medicine,marking a significant milestone in the modern history of Chinese medicine.
基金financed by the grants from the JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists(No.24K15918)the 2024 Inamori Research Grant Program.
文摘During the 17th and 18th centuries,medical exchanges between Japan and China were frequent and intensive.In the 17th century,due to the wars during the Ming-Qing transition,numerous Chinese physicians came to Japan,bringing with them advanced medical techniques and newly published medical texts.In the early 18th century,following Tokugawa Yoshimune’s(徳川吉宗)implementation of medical reform policies,many Chinese physicians arrived in Japan.There,they exchanged knowledge with Japanese physicians and facilitated the publication of Chinese medical texts in Japan.These exchanges significantly increased attention to Chinese medical works,particularly Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》Treatise on Cold Damage),within Edo medical circles.This had a profound impact on physicians of the Japanese Kohōschool(古方派)and significantly contributed to shaping Kampōmedicine into its contemporary form.From the perspectives of intellectual history and knowledge exchange,this paper explores the circulation of medical knowledge between China and Japan during the early modern period,examining its profound historical influence on Japanese medicine.The study specifically aims to clarify the authentic meaning of“Ancient Learning(复古)”and to correct the prevailing academic misconception that the Kohōschool exclusively focused on reviving Shang Han Lun.
基金funded by the Henan Province 2024 Science and Technology Development Plan Science and Technology Key Project(242102310577).
文摘Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the preparation process of Mahuang Xixin Fuzi decoction granules based on the clinical pharmacological effects of the classic formulas and to control the quality of the product.Methods An orthogonal experimental design was used,with extraction yield and transfer rate of key ingredients as evaluation indicators,to optimize the extraction process ofMahuang Xixin Fuzi decoction.The granulation process was optimized based on indicators such as granule formation rate,dissolution rate,and moisture absorption rate.Results The optimal extraction process for Mahuang Xixin Fuzi decoction was determined as the following:using 10 times the amount of water to soak for 30 minutes,extracting three times,each for 60minutes,with a concentrated extract relative density of 1.3 g/mL.A mixture of dextrin and starch at a 1:2 ratio was used as a binder for wet granulation.The granule formation rate,dissolution time,and dilution rate of three repeated batches showed relative standard deviation(RSD)values of 1.48,2.83,and 1.55%.Conclusion This method is stable and feasible,providing valuable data for the industrial production of Mahuang Xixin Fuzi decoction granules and further research on this formulation.
文摘The continuous descaling and cold rolling mill（ CDCM） is renow ned for its high capacity and high speed,which makes it very difficult to manually check the surface quality of steel strips. A surface-defect online detector and its components,which are employed in a CDCM at Baosteel,are introduced,including the electrical,imaging,processing and softw are systems. To evaluate the effectiveness of the application of this detector,and to reduce the number of false alarms,the optimal number of defect samples is determined,pre- and post-processing rules are established,and talking-voice and color-changing alarms are employed.
基金supported by the National K&D Program of China(2022YFD2300201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A2040)+4 种基金the Major Science and Technology Program of Jilin Province(YDZJ202303CGZH023)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42077443)the Science and Technology Development Planning of Jilin Province(20210203153SF)the Key Scientific and Technology Research and Development Program of Jilin Province(20200403065 SF)the Construction Project of the Science and Technology Innovation Center(20210502008ZP).
文摘Owing to the complexity and variability of global climate,the study of extreme events to ensure food security is particularly critical.The standardized precipitation requirement index(SPRI)and chilling injury index(I_(Ci))were introduced using data from agrometeorological stations on the Songliao Plain between 1981 and 2020 to identify the spatial and temporal variability of drought,waterlogging,and low-temperature cold damage during various maize growth periods.Compound drought and low-temperature cold damage events(CDLEs)and compound waterlogging and low-temperature cold damage events(CWLEs)were then identified.To measure the intensity of compound events,the compound drought and low-temperature cold damage magnitude index(CDLMI),and compound waterlogging and low-temperature cold damage magnitude index(CWLMI)were constructed by fitting marginal distributions.Finally,the effects of extreme events of various intensities on maize output were examined.The findings demonstrate that:(1)There were significant differences in the temporal trends of the SPRI and ICiduring different maize growth periods.Drought predominated in the middle growth period(MP),waterlogging predominated in the early growth period(EP)and late growth period(LP),and both drought and waterlogging tended to increase in intensity and frequency.The frequency of low-temperature cold damage showed a decreasing trend in all periods.(2)The CDLMI and CWLMI can effectively determine the intensity of CDLEs and CWLEs in the study area;these CDLEs and CWLEs had higher intensity and frequency in the late growth period.(3)Compared to single events,maize relative meteorological yield had a more significant negative correlation with the CDLMI and CWLMI.
