Background:Cold temperatures cause blood vessels to constrict,shallow breathing,and slight thickening of the blood.Working in extremely cold environments can have negative effects on health,yet there are currently no ...Background:Cold temperatures cause blood vessels to constrict,shallow breathing,and slight thickening of the blood.Working in extremely cold environments can have negative effects on health,yet there are currently no effective biomarkers to monitor these health conditions.Proteins are important intermediate phenotypes that can provide a theoretical basis for understanding disease pathophysiology.Proteins in the circulatory system reflect the physiological status of individuals,and plasma proteins have significant potential as biomarkers for various health conditions.Methods:In this study,we employed the Mendelian randomization(MR)method to analyze the effects of freezing temperatures on over 2900 plasma proteins.Subsequently,the selected plasma proteins were subjected to causal analysis in relation to 55 diseases,including respiratory disorders,cardiovascular diseases,various cancers,and oral diseases.The aim was to identify proteins that could serve as biomarkers for health status.Results:Our results indicate that cold environments may affect the concentrations of 78 plasma proteins.Further MR analysis revealed that nine of these plasma proteins are associated with the risk of respiratory disorders,cardiovascular diseases,various cancers,and oral diseases.Conclusion:These proteins show promise as biomarkers for monitoring the hazards and risks faced by individuals working in cold environments.These findings provide valuable insights into the biological mechanisms underlying occupational hazards.展开更多
Oil spills have become a serious problem in cold environments with the ever-increasing resource exploitation, transportation, storage, and accidental leakage of oil. Several techniques, including physical, chemical, a...Oil spills have become a serious problem in cold environments with the ever-increasing resource exploitation, transportation, storage, and accidental leakage of oil. Several techniques, including physical, chemical, and biological methods, are used to recover spilled oil from the environment. Bioremediation is a promising option for remediation since it is effective and economic in removing oil with less undue environmental damages. However, it is a relatively slow process in cold regions and the degree of success depends on a number of factors, including the properties and fate of oil spilled in cold environments, and the major microbial and environmental limitations of bioremediation. The microbial factors include bioavailability of hydrocarbons, mass transfer through the cell membrane, and metabolic limitations. As for the environmental limitations in the cold regions, the emphasis is on soil temperatures, freeze-thaw processes, oxygen and nutrients availability, toxicity, and electron acceptors. There have been several cases of success in the polar regions, particularly in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. However, the challenges and constraints for bioremediation in cold environments remain large.展开更多
The concept of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)emphasizes the intrinsic connection between human beings and nature,positing that the human body undergoes distinct physiological changes in response to various natural ...The concept of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)emphasizes the intrinsic connection between human beings and nature,positing that the human body undergoes distinct physiological changes in response to various natural environments.Cold,as a primary external factor in cold areas,necessitates the body's autonomous adaptation to uphold optimal living conditions.The repercussions of cold on the body are both far-reaching and profound,with metabolic equilibrium adjustments playing a pivotal role.This article,rooted in the TCM principle of Yin-Yang balance,delves into the metabolic intricacies and adaptive responses to the human body in cold environments.The effects manifest in heat-producing tissues,systemic substance consumption,the blood substance concentrations,liver function,and metabolic rhythms.The article subsequently presents TCM recommendations for maintaining health in cold climates.It concludes by advocating the exploration of metabolic homeostasis changes as a key avenue for investigating the metabolic traits s of populations in cold regions.We posit that such insights will enhance comprehension of the metabolic shifts in cold region populations and advance the evolution of regional medicine.展开更多
The Eighth International Symposium on Permafrost Engineering was held in Xi’an,China,October 2009.The major topics discussed in the symposium included:permafrost engineering (involving design,construction and evaluat...The Eighth International Symposium on Permafrost Engineering was held in Xi’an,China,October 2009.The major topics discussed in the symposium included:permafrost engineering (involving design,construction and evaluation);mitigation of frost hazards in the regions affected by seasonally frozen ground;properties of frozen soils,model development and their applications;frost hazards and periglacial environments in mountain and plateau regions;climatic,environmental and cryospheric changes;and permafrost hydrology,cold regions water resources and land uses.The papers submitted to the symposium and lectures during the meeting represented some new developments of research on cold region engineering and environment.Here we summarized the works of the symposium in topics including:Permafrost engineering;General geocryology;Properties of frozen soils:model development and their applications;And climatic,environmental and cryospheric changes.During the symposium,the attendees pointed out that future studies should pay more attention to theoretical study and engineering mechanism study,and also on interaction between climate change and cold region environments and their engineering affects.展开更多
Affiliation unit: Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Cold Regions Environment, CAS Brief history: The Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment (LICCRE) was formally approved to open domestically and intern...Affiliation unit: Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Cold Regions Environment, CAS Brief history: The Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment (LICCRE) was formally approved to open domestically and internationally by Chinese Academy of Sciences in April 1997. It is attached to the Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, CAS.展开更多
Identifying the origins of alien species has important implications for effectively controlling the spread of alien species. The black-spotted frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus, originally from East Asia, has become an a...Identifying the origins of alien species has important implications for effectively controlling the spread of alien species. The black-spotted frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus, originally from East Asia, has become an alien species on the Tibetan Plateau （TP）. In this study, we collected 300 individuals of P. nigromaculatus from 13 native regions and 2 invasive regions （including Nyingchi and Lhasa） on the TP. To identify the source region of the TP introductions, we sequenced portions of the mitochondrial cyt b gene. We sequenced a -600-bp portion of the mitochondrial cyt b gene to identify 69 haplotypes （124 polymorphic sites） in all sampled populations. According to the network results, we suggest that the P. nigromaculatus found on the TP was most likely originated from Chongqing by human introduction. Furthermore, we found that the genetic diversity was significantly lower for invasive than for native sites due to founder effects. Our study provides genetic evidence that this alien species invaded the cold environment of high elevations and expanded the distribution of P. nigromaculatus in China.展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)have been the top-ranked cause of human death in the world for years,according to the World Health Organization.Accumulating evidence from epidemiological data supports the view that the r...Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)have been the top-ranked cause of human death in the world for years,according to the World Health Organization.Accumulating evidence from epidemiological data supports the view that the risk of CVDs is higher in northern China than in southern area.There is no doubt that living environment has become a crucial factor contributing to the occurrence and progression of CVDs in northern region.However,there have not been any clinical guidelines for the prevention strategy of environment-related CVDs,especially for cold exposure.Thus,there is an urgent need for better understanding of the clinical characteristics and underlying mechanisms of cold-induced CVDs in order to formulate and implement proper and effective measures for minimizing the risk of CVDs for people residing in low-temperature area.Cold exposure,air pollution,lack of sunlight and irrational diet are believed to be crucial factors responsible for environment-related CVDs,and preventive measures might be carried out accordingly to decrease the high risk of CVDs in northern China.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the effects of firefighters’protective gloves on physiological responses,psychological responses,and manual performance in a cold environment through human trials.Twelve participants w...This study aimed to investigate the effects of firefighters’protective gloves on physiological responses,psychological responses,and manual performance in a cold environment through human trials.Twelve participants wearing firefighter protective equipment were exposed to a 16℃ environment,while their hands were exposed to a small chamber of 0℃ with(FPG)and without(CON)firefighting protective gloves.During the trials,physiological responses(core temperature(Tc),the mean skin temperature(Tsk),and heart rate(HR)),psychological responses(thermal sensation vote(TSV)and pain sensation vote(PSV)),and manual performance(handgrip strength,manual dexterity,maximum finger flexion,and tactile sensitivity)were obtained.The results indicated a significant difference(p<0.05)between FPG and CON regarding Tsk.Furthermore,pain sensation occurred when the mean skin temperature of the hand was between 15℃ and 20℃.Gloves significantly(p<0.05)reduced handgrip strength,manual dexterity,and tactile sensitivity in the cold exposure.This study provides fundamental knowledge for cold strain assessment and high-performance protective glove development with the potential to improve firefighters’safety and health.展开更多
The diversity and cold adaptation of endophytic fungi associated with five dominant plant species collected from the Baima Snow Mountain(altitude 4,000–4,300 m),Southwest China,were investigated.A total of 604 cultur...The diversity and cold adaptation of endophytic fungi associated with five dominant plant species collected from the Baima Snow Mountain(altitude 4,000–4,300 m),Southwest China,were investigated.A total of 604 culturable endophytic fungi were isolated from 800 stems and leaf segments.The colonization rate of endophytic fungi in the five plant species ranged from 54%to 91%,and the colonization rate of endophytic fungi in the stems was significantly higher(87%)than that in the leaves(67%)(X∼2045.172,P<0.001,chi-squared test).Based on the morphological characteristics and the ITS sequence analysis,the isolates were identified to 43 taxa,of which Cephalosporium,Sirococcus,Penicillium and Aspergillus were the dominant genera,and their relative frequencies were 14.06%,12.58%,9.44%and 7.95%,respectively.The Shannon-Weiner diversity indices and the Sorenson’s coefficient similarity indices of the endophytic fungi from the five plant species ranged from 1.25 to 2.70 and 0.53 to 0.67,respectively.Growth temperature tests indicated that 75%of the isolates from the Baima Snow Mountain were psychrotrophs and 14%were the transitional type between psychrotrophs and mesophiles,whereas all of the isolates from the Yuanjiang Dry-hot Valley were mesophiles,which suggested that the endophytes from the Baima Snow Mountain possess a remarkable ability to adapt to cold environments.展开更多
The electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries significantly deteriorates in extreme cold.Thus,to ensure battery safety under various conditions,various heating and insulation strategies are implemented.The ...The electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries significantly deteriorates in extreme cold.Thus,to ensure battery safety under various conditions,various heating and insulation strategies are implemented.The present study proposes a hybrid heating approach combining active heating with passive insulation.Conceptual experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of phase change materials(PCMs),inlet water temperature,and intermittent pump startup strategies on battery performance.The obtained experimental results demonstrate that low temperatures lead to increased electrochemical impedance and reduced charge–discharge capacity in batteries.Notably,charge transfer resistance of 162 mΩwas observed at-30℃.Herein,the developed PCM-based battery heating system effectively extended the operational capacity of batteries in cold driving conditions and maintained battery warmth by leveraging the superior heat storage capability of the PCM.Additionally,after the switch off of the heating system,the charge capacity of the battery exceeded 80%owing to latent heat.The use of an intermittent heating strategy not only allowed to conserve energy but also maintained adequate heat storage within the battery module.At-30℃,this strategy enhanced the power efficiency of the cooling system by 35.94%with a reduction in capacity of only 0.8%compared to the continuous strategy.展开更多
Yeasts,usually defined as unicellular fungi,occur in various fungal lineages.Hence,they are not a taxonomic unit,but rather represent a fungal lifestyle shared by several unrelated lineages.Although the discovery of n...Yeasts,usually defined as unicellular fungi,occur in various fungal lineages.Hence,they are not a taxonomic unit,but rather represent a fungal lifestyle shared by several unrelated lineages.Although the discovery of new yeast species occurs at an increasing speed,at the current rate it will likely take hundreds of years,if ever,before they will all be documented.Many parts of the earth,including many threatened habitats,remain unsampled for yeasts and many others are only superficially studied.Cold habitats,such as glaciers,are home to a specific community of cold-adapted yeasts,and,hence,there is some urgency to study such environments at locations where they might disappear soon due to anthropogenic climate change.The same is true for yeast communities in various natural forests that are impacted by deforestation and forest conversion.Many countries of the so-called Global South have not been sampled for yeasts,despite their economic promise.However,extensive research activity in Asia,especially China,has yielded many taxonomic novelties.Comparative genomics stud-ies have demonstrated the presence of yeast species with a hybrid origin,many of them isolated from clinical or industrial environments.DNA-metabarcoding studies have demonstrated the prevalence,and in some cases dominance,of yeast species in soils and marine waters worldwide,including some surprising distributions,such as the unexpected and likely common presence of Malassezia yeasts in marine habitats.展开更多
Behavioral and physiological traits of ectotherms are especially sensitive to fluctuations of environmental temperature.In particular,niche-specialist lizards are dependent on their physiological plasticity to adjust ...Behavioral and physiological traits of ectotherms are especially sensitive to fluctuations of environmental temperature.In particular,niche-specialist lizards are dependent on their physiological plasticity to adjust to changing environmental conditions.Lizards of the genus Phymaturus are viviparous,mainly herbivorous,and inhabit only rock promontories in the steppe environments of Patagonia and the Andes.Herein,we examine the vulnerability of the southernmost Phymaturus species to global warming:the endemic Phymaturus calcogaster,which lives in a mesic environment in eastern Patagonia.We studied body temperatures in the field(T_(b)),preferred body temperatures in a thermogradient(T_(pref)),the operative(T_(e))and environmental temperatures,and the dependence of running performance on body temperature.P.calcogaster had a mean T_(b)(27.04℃)and a mean Te(31.15℃)both lower than their preferred temperature(T_(pref)=36.61℃)and the optimal temperature for running performance(T_(o)=37.13℃).Lizard activity seems to be restraint during the early afternoon due high environmental temperatures.However,both,the high safety margin and warming tolerance suggest that the expected increase in environmental temperatures due to global warming(IPCC report in 2018)would not threaten,but indeed enhance locomotor performance in this population.展开更多
Solar selective absorbing coatings(SSACs)are required to have not only excellent optical property but also outstanding thermal stability for high temperature applications.The optical properties of Mo/ZrSiN/ZrSiON/SiO_...Solar selective absorbing coatings(SSACs)are required to have not only excellent optical property but also outstanding thermal stability for high temperature applications.The optical properties of Mo/ZrSiN/ZrSiON/SiO_(2) SSAC had been optimized successfully before.Herein,we are focusing on the evaluation and mechanism of thermal stability of this multilayer coating for its potential applications in concentrated solar power(CSP)systems.Fortunately,the coating exhibits excellent thermal stability after aging at 400℃ for 1500 h in vacuum.At aging temperature of 500℃ for 1000 h or 600℃ for 300 h in vacuum,the slight inter-diffusion between Mo layer and stainless steel(SS)substrate occurs.At higher aging temperature of 700℃ for 100 h in vacuum,the serious inter-diffusion between Mo layer and SS substrate leads to invalidation of the coating,which has been evidenced by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry(RBS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)technologies.Additionally,this coating also has an outstanding thermal stability after aging at 400℃for 300 h in air.A heating-cooling cycling(HCC)treatment evidences the good thermal stability of this coating working in cold environment(60℃).The results reveal that this coating can be a promising candidate not only for CSP system in high temperatures but also for usage in cold environment.展开更多
基金funded by the Health Commission of Heilongjiang Province(Project Number:20230808010517).
文摘Background:Cold temperatures cause blood vessels to constrict,shallow breathing,and slight thickening of the blood.Working in extremely cold environments can have negative effects on health,yet there are currently no effective biomarkers to monitor these health conditions.Proteins are important intermediate phenotypes that can provide a theoretical basis for understanding disease pathophysiology.Proteins in the circulatory system reflect the physiological status of individuals,and plasma proteins have significant potential as biomarkers for various health conditions.Methods:In this study,we employed the Mendelian randomization(MR)method to analyze the effects of freezing temperatures on over 2900 plasma proteins.Subsequently,the selected plasma proteins were subjected to causal analysis in relation to 55 diseases,including respiratory disorders,cardiovascular diseases,various cancers,and oral diseases.The aim was to identify proteins that could serve as biomarkers for health status.Results:Our results indicate that cold environments may affect the concentrations of 78 plasma proteins.Further MR analysis revealed that nine of these plasma proteins are associated with the risk of respiratory disorders,cardiovascular diseases,various cancers,and oral diseases.Conclusion:These proteins show promise as biomarkers for monitoring the hazards and risks faced by individuals working in cold environments.These findings provide valuable insights into the biological mechanisms underlying occupational hazards.
基金Project supported by the 100 Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.2004407).
文摘Oil spills have become a serious problem in cold environments with the ever-increasing resource exploitation, transportation, storage, and accidental leakage of oil. Several techniques, including physical, chemical, and biological methods, are used to recover spilled oil from the environment. Bioremediation is a promising option for remediation since it is effective and economic in removing oil with less undue environmental damages. However, it is a relatively slow process in cold regions and the degree of success depends on a number of factors, including the properties and fate of oil spilled in cold environments, and the major microbial and environmental limitations of bioremediation. The microbial factors include bioavailability of hydrocarbons, mass transfer through the cell membrane, and metabolic limitations. As for the environmental limitations in the cold regions, the emphasis is on soil temperatures, freeze-thaw processes, oxygen and nutrients availability, toxicity, and electron acceptors. There have been several cases of success in the polar regions, particularly in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. However, the challenges and constraints for bioremediation in cold environments remain large.
基金This work was funded by the National Centre for the Development of TCM Education(TC2023002).
文摘The concept of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)emphasizes the intrinsic connection between human beings and nature,positing that the human body undergoes distinct physiological changes in response to various natural environments.Cold,as a primary external factor in cold areas,necessitates the body's autonomous adaptation to uphold optimal living conditions.The repercussions of cold on the body are both far-reaching and profound,with metabolic equilibrium adjustments playing a pivotal role.This article,rooted in the TCM principle of Yin-Yang balance,delves into the metabolic intricacies and adaptive responses to the human body in cold environments.The effects manifest in heat-producing tissues,systemic substance consumption,the blood substance concentrations,liver function,and metabolic rhythms.The article subsequently presents TCM recommendations for maintaining health in cold climates.It concludes by advocating the exploration of metabolic homeostasis changes as a key avenue for investigating the metabolic traits s of populations in cold regions.We posit that such insights will enhance comprehension of the metabolic shifts in cold region populations and advance the evolution of regional medicine.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40910304019,40625004, 40821001,40801024)Important Orientation Project of CAS (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-Q03-04)
文摘The Eighth International Symposium on Permafrost Engineering was held in Xi’an,China,October 2009.The major topics discussed in the symposium included:permafrost engineering (involving design,construction and evaluation);mitigation of frost hazards in the regions affected by seasonally frozen ground;properties of frozen soils,model development and their applications;frost hazards and periglacial environments in mountain and plateau regions;climatic,environmental and cryospheric changes;and permafrost hydrology,cold regions water resources and land uses.The papers submitted to the symposium and lectures during the meeting represented some new developments of research on cold region engineering and environment.Here we summarized the works of the symposium in topics including:Permafrost engineering;General geocryology;Properties of frozen soils:model development and their applications;And climatic,environmental and cryospheric changes.During the symposium,the attendees pointed out that future studies should pay more attention to theoretical study and engineering mechanism study,and also on interaction between climate change and cold region environments and their engineering affects.
文摘Affiliation unit: Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Cold Regions Environment, CAS Brief history: The Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment (LICCRE) was formally approved to open domestically and internationally by Chinese Academy of Sciences in April 1997. It is attached to the Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, CAS.
文摘Identifying the origins of alien species has important implications for effectively controlling the spread of alien species. The black-spotted frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus, originally from East Asia, has become an alien species on the Tibetan Plateau （TP）. In this study, we collected 300 individuals of P. nigromaculatus from 13 native regions and 2 invasive regions （including Nyingchi and Lhasa） on the TP. To identify the source region of the TP introductions, we sequenced portions of the mitochondrial cyt b gene. We sequenced a -600-bp portion of the mitochondrial cyt b gene to identify 69 haplotypes （124 polymorphic sites） in all sampled populations. According to the network results, we suggest that the P. nigromaculatus found on the TP was most likely originated from Chongqing by human introduction. Furthermore, we found that the genetic diversity was significantly lower for invasive than for native sites due to founder effects. Our study provides genetic evidence that this alien species invaded the cold environment of high elevations and expanded the distribution of P. nigromaculatus in China.
文摘Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)have been the top-ranked cause of human death in the world for years,according to the World Health Organization.Accumulating evidence from epidemiological data supports the view that the risk of CVDs is higher in northern China than in southern area.There is no doubt that living environment has become a crucial factor contributing to the occurrence and progression of CVDs in northern region.However,there have not been any clinical guidelines for the prevention strategy of environment-related CVDs,especially for cold exposure.Thus,there is an urgent need for better understanding of the clinical characteristics and underlying mechanisms of cold-induced CVDs in order to formulate and implement proper and effective measures for minimizing the risk of CVDs for people residing in low-temperature area.Cold exposure,air pollution,lack of sunlight and irrational diet are believed to be crucial factors responsible for environment-related CVDs,and preventive measures might be carried out accordingly to decrease the high risk of CVDs in northern China.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effects of firefighters’protective gloves on physiological responses,psychological responses,and manual performance in a cold environment through human trials.Twelve participants wearing firefighter protective equipment were exposed to a 16℃ environment,while their hands were exposed to a small chamber of 0℃ with(FPG)and without(CON)firefighting protective gloves.During the trials,physiological responses(core temperature(Tc),the mean skin temperature(Tsk),and heart rate(HR)),psychological responses(thermal sensation vote(TSV)and pain sensation vote(PSV)),and manual performance(handgrip strength,manual dexterity,maximum finger flexion,and tactile sensitivity)were obtained.The results indicated a significant difference(p<0.05)between FPG and CON regarding Tsk.Furthermore,pain sensation occurred when the mean skin temperature of the hand was between 15℃ and 20℃.Gloves significantly(p<0.05)reduced handgrip strength,manual dexterity,and tactile sensitivity in the cold exposure.This study provides fundamental knowledge for cold strain assessment and high-performance protective glove development with the potential to improve firefighters’safety and health.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province and the Science Foundation of Yunnan Educational Committee(2011Y381).
文摘The diversity and cold adaptation of endophytic fungi associated with five dominant plant species collected from the Baima Snow Mountain(altitude 4,000–4,300 m),Southwest China,were investigated.A total of 604 culturable endophytic fungi were isolated from 800 stems and leaf segments.The colonization rate of endophytic fungi in the five plant species ranged from 54%to 91%,and the colonization rate of endophytic fungi in the stems was significantly higher(87%)than that in the leaves(67%)(X∼2045.172,P<0.001,chi-squared test).Based on the morphological characteristics and the ITS sequence analysis,the isolates were identified to 43 taxa,of which Cephalosporium,Sirococcus,Penicillium and Aspergillus were the dominant genera,and their relative frequencies were 14.06%,12.58%,9.44%and 7.95%,respectively.The Shannon-Weiner diversity indices and the Sorenson’s coefficient similarity indices of the endophytic fungi from the five plant species ranged from 1.25 to 2.70 and 0.53 to 0.67,respectively.Growth temperature tests indicated that 75%of the isolates from the Baima Snow Mountain were psychrotrophs and 14%were the transitional type between psychrotrophs and mesophiles,whereas all of the isolates from the Yuanjiang Dry-hot Valley were mesophiles,which suggested that the endophytes from the Baima Snow Mountain possess a remarkable ability to adapt to cold environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52090062)。
文摘The electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries significantly deteriorates in extreme cold.Thus,to ensure battery safety under various conditions,various heating and insulation strategies are implemented.The present study proposes a hybrid heating approach combining active heating with passive insulation.Conceptual experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of phase change materials(PCMs),inlet water temperature,and intermittent pump startup strategies on battery performance.The obtained experimental results demonstrate that low temperatures lead to increased electrochemical impedance and reduced charge–discharge capacity in batteries.Notably,charge transfer resistance of 162 mΩwas observed at-30℃.Herein,the developed PCM-based battery heating system effectively extended the operational capacity of batteries in cold driving conditions and maintained battery warmth by leveraging the superior heat storage capability of the PCM.Additionally,after the switch off of the heating system,the charge capacity of the battery exceeded 80%owing to latent heat.The use of an intermittent heating strategy not only allowed to conserve energy but also maintained adequate heat storage within the battery module.At-30℃,this strategy enhanced the power efficiency of the cooling system by 35.94%with a reduction in capacity of only 0.8%compared to the continuous strategy.
基金support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for grant PGC2018-099921-B-I00,cofounded by European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)from the Catalan Research Agency(AGAUR)SGR423+1 种基金from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(ERC-2016–724173)from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation(Grant#GBMF9742).JG acknowledges support from the Lendület Program(award no.96049)of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Eötvös Lóránd Research Network.Q-MW was supported by grants No.31961133020 and No.31770018 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC).
文摘Yeasts,usually defined as unicellular fungi,occur in various fungal lineages.Hence,they are not a taxonomic unit,but rather represent a fungal lifestyle shared by several unrelated lineages.Although the discovery of new yeast species occurs at an increasing speed,at the current rate it will likely take hundreds of years,if ever,before they will all be documented.Many parts of the earth,including many threatened habitats,remain unsampled for yeasts and many others are only superficially studied.Cold habitats,such as glaciers,are home to a specific community of cold-adapted yeasts,and,hence,there is some urgency to study such environments at locations where they might disappear soon due to anthropogenic climate change.The same is true for yeast communities in various natural forests that are impacted by deforestation and forest conversion.Many countries of the so-called Global South have not been sampled for yeasts,despite their economic promise.However,extensive research activity in Asia,especially China,has yielded many taxonomic novelties.Comparative genomics stud-ies have demonstrated the presence of yeast species with a hybrid origin,many of them isolated from clinical or industrial environments.DNA-metabarcoding studies have demonstrated the prevalence,and in some cases dominance,of yeast species in soils and marine waters worldwide,including some surprising distributions,such as the unexpected and likely common presence of Malassezia yeasts in marine habitats.
基金supported by Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco PI 1123,Universidad Nacional del Comahue(CRUB UNComahue 04/B196)the Argentinean Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET,PIP 100271)Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica(FONCyT)PICT-2014-3100.
文摘Behavioral and physiological traits of ectotherms are especially sensitive to fluctuations of environmental temperature.In particular,niche-specialist lizards are dependent on their physiological plasticity to adjust to changing environmental conditions.Lizards of the genus Phymaturus are viviparous,mainly herbivorous,and inhabit only rock promontories in the steppe environments of Patagonia and the Andes.Herein,we examine the vulnerability of the southernmost Phymaturus species to global warming:the endemic Phymaturus calcogaster,which lives in a mesic environment in eastern Patagonia.We studied body temperatures in the field(T_(b)),preferred body temperatures in a thermogradient(T_(pref)),the operative(T_(e))and environmental temperatures,and the dependence of running performance on body temperature.P.calcogaster had a mean T_(b)(27.04℃)and a mean Te(31.15℃)both lower than their preferred temperature(T_(pref)=36.61℃)and the optimal temperature for running performance(T_(o)=37.13℃).Lizard activity seems to be restraint during the early afternoon due high environmental temperatures.However,both,the high safety margin and warming tolerance suggest that the expected increase in environmental temperatures due to global warming(IPCC report in 2018)would not threaten,but indeed enhance locomotor performance in this population.
基金the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.51732001,U1832219 and 51972013)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2182035)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Solar selective absorbing coatings(SSACs)are required to have not only excellent optical property but also outstanding thermal stability for high temperature applications.The optical properties of Mo/ZrSiN/ZrSiON/SiO_(2) SSAC had been optimized successfully before.Herein,we are focusing on the evaluation and mechanism of thermal stability of this multilayer coating for its potential applications in concentrated solar power(CSP)systems.Fortunately,the coating exhibits excellent thermal stability after aging at 400℃ for 1500 h in vacuum.At aging temperature of 500℃ for 1000 h or 600℃ for 300 h in vacuum,the slight inter-diffusion between Mo layer and stainless steel(SS)substrate occurs.At higher aging temperature of 700℃ for 100 h in vacuum,the serious inter-diffusion between Mo layer and SS substrate leads to invalidation of the coating,which has been evidenced by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry(RBS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)technologies.Additionally,this coating also has an outstanding thermal stability after aging at 400℃for 300 h in air.A heating-cooling cycling(HCC)treatment evidences the good thermal stability of this coating working in cold environment(60℃).The results reveal that this coating can be a promising candidate not only for CSP system in high temperatures but also for usage in cold environment.
