AIM:To evaluate the difference between the performance of the (CKD-EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations in cirrhotic patients. METHODS: From Jan 2004 to Oct 2008, 4127 cirrhotic patients wer...AIM:To evaluate the difference between the performance of the (CKD-EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations in cirrhotic patients. METHODS: From Jan 2004 to Oct 2008, 4127 cirrhotic patients were reviewed. Patients with incomplete data with respect to renal function were excluded; thus, a total of 3791 patients were included in the study. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by the 4-variable MDRD (MDRD-4), 6-variable MDRD (MDRD-6), and CKD-EPI equations.RESULTS:When serum creatinine was 0.7-6.8 mg/dL and 0.6-5.3 mg/dL in men and women, respectively, a significantly lower GFR was estimated by the MDRD-6 than by the CKD-EPI. Similar GFRs were calculated by both equations when creatinine was > 6.9 mg/dL and > 5.4 mg/dL in men and women, respectively. In predicting in-hospital mortality, estimated GFR obtained by the MDRD-6 showed better accuracy [81.72%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.94-0.95] than that obtained by the MDRD-4 (80.22%; 95%CI, 0.96-0.97), CKD-EPI (79.93%; 95%CI, 0.96-0.96), and creatinine (77.50%; 95%CI, 2.27-2.63). CONCLUSION: GFR calculated by the 6-variable MDRD equation may be closer to the true GFR than that calculated by the CKD-EPI equation.展开更多
With the aim of “Win-Win Cooperation and Re-sponsible Development”, and themed on “Open Col-laboration, Technology Driven, Fashion Transforma-tion”, the three-day 2nd World Textile Merchandising Conference ended s...With the aim of “Win-Win Cooperation and Re-sponsible Development”, and themed on “Open Col-laboration, Technology Driven, Fashion Transforma-tion”, the three-day 2nd World Textile Merchandising Conference ended successfully on September 29th. The conference linked the global industrial think tanks to explore the industry's common prosperity and sus-tainable development.展开更多
The multiple,complex and systemic problems of the agriculture-food-water-environment nexus(“Nexus”)are among the most significant challenges of the 21st century.China is a key site for Nexus research amidst profound...The multiple,complex and systemic problems of the agriculture-food-water-environment nexus(“Nexus”)are among the most significant challenges of the 21st century.China is a key site for Nexus research amidst profound socio-environmental problems.The policy implications of these problems have been authoritatively summarized elsewhere.This study presents discussions at an international workshop in Guangzhou that asked instead“What science is needed to deliver the growing policy commitments regarding these challenges?And,What changes are needed to the science itself?”Understanding and effective intervention regarding the Nexus calls for a paradigm shift:to a new kind of science of(capacity for)international,interdisciplinary,and impactful research working with and within complex socio-natural systems.We here argue that science must become proactive in approach,striving only for“minimal harm”not“silver bullet”solutions,and adopting an explicitly long-term strategic perspective.Together,these arguments lead to calls for reorienting science and science policy in three ways:from short-term remediation to longer-term optimization;from a focus on environmental threats to one on the opportunities for international collaborative learning;and toward supporting new forms of scientific career.We bring these points together by recommending a new form of scientific institution:a global network of collaborative Nexus Centres,under the umbrella of a global Food Nexus Organization akin to those of the human genome and proteome.展开更多
文摘AIM:To evaluate the difference between the performance of the (CKD-EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations in cirrhotic patients. METHODS: From Jan 2004 to Oct 2008, 4127 cirrhotic patients were reviewed. Patients with incomplete data with respect to renal function were excluded; thus, a total of 3791 patients were included in the study. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by the 4-variable MDRD (MDRD-4), 6-variable MDRD (MDRD-6), and CKD-EPI equations.RESULTS:When serum creatinine was 0.7-6.8 mg/dL and 0.6-5.3 mg/dL in men and women, respectively, a significantly lower GFR was estimated by the MDRD-6 than by the CKD-EPI. Similar GFRs were calculated by both equations when creatinine was > 6.9 mg/dL and > 5.4 mg/dL in men and women, respectively. In predicting in-hospital mortality, estimated GFR obtained by the MDRD-6 showed better accuracy [81.72%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.94-0.95] than that obtained by the MDRD-4 (80.22%; 95%CI, 0.96-0.97), CKD-EPI (79.93%; 95%CI, 0.96-0.96), and creatinine (77.50%; 95%CI, 2.27-2.63). CONCLUSION: GFR calculated by the 6-variable MDRD equation may be closer to the true GFR than that calculated by the CKD-EPI equation.
文摘With the aim of “Win-Win Cooperation and Re-sponsible Development”, and themed on “Open Col-laboration, Technology Driven, Fashion Transforma-tion”, the three-day 2nd World Textile Merchandising Conference ended successfully on September 29th. The conference linked the global industrial think tanks to explore the industry's common prosperity and sus-tainable development.
基金the funding of the European Union EuropeAid for the SEW-REAP project(ECRIP 348-010)that has sponsored the work behind this article.
文摘The multiple,complex and systemic problems of the agriculture-food-water-environment nexus(“Nexus”)are among the most significant challenges of the 21st century.China is a key site for Nexus research amidst profound socio-environmental problems.The policy implications of these problems have been authoritatively summarized elsewhere.This study presents discussions at an international workshop in Guangzhou that asked instead“What science is needed to deliver the growing policy commitments regarding these challenges?And,What changes are needed to the science itself?”Understanding and effective intervention regarding the Nexus calls for a paradigm shift:to a new kind of science of(capacity for)international,interdisciplinary,and impactful research working with and within complex socio-natural systems.We here argue that science must become proactive in approach,striving only for“minimal harm”not“silver bullet”solutions,and adopting an explicitly long-term strategic perspective.Together,these arguments lead to calls for reorienting science and science policy in three ways:from short-term remediation to longer-term optimization;from a focus on environmental threats to one on the opportunities for international collaborative learning;and toward supporting new forms of scientific career.We bring these points together by recommending a new form of scientific institution:a global network of collaborative Nexus Centres,under the umbrella of a global Food Nexus Organization akin to those of the human genome and proteome.
