[Objective] Through the investigation of weeds in Coffea arabica orchads in NuJiang River basin, this study aimed to provide scientific guidance for the weed control and improving the ecological and economic benefits ...[Objective] Through the investigation of weeds in Coffea arabica orchads in NuJiang River basin, this study aimed to provide scientific guidance for the weed control and improving the ecological and economic benefits of the plantation of Cof- fea arabica. [Method] The types of weeds and the characteristics of weed occur- rence in Coffea arabica orchads in Nujiang River basin were investigated from July to August in 2012. [Result] The results showed that there were 69 types of weeds belonging to 21 families in Coffea arabica orchads. The predominant harmful types were shown as follows： Commelina nudiflora L. ＋ Leptochloa chinensis, Cyperus ro- tundus L. ＋ Bidens pilosa L. ＋ Eleusine indica, Imperata cylindrical ＋ Ageratum conyzoides L. ＋ Eupatorium odoratum L., Ageratum conyzoides L. ＋ Digitaria san- guinalis （L.） Scop. The preponderant weeds consisted mainly of 10 species, namely, Cyperus rotundus L., Commelina nudiflora L., Leptochloa chinensis, Digitaria san- guinalis （L.） Scop, Imperata cylindrical, Bidens pilosa L., Ageratum conyzoides L, E- upatorium odoratum L., Eleusine indica and Chenopodium serotinum L. [Conclusion] The result from this study is of great significance for the plantation of Coffea arabica in Nujiang River basin, as well as the control of weeds.展开更多
In present study,four new dammarane-type triterpenoids,namely caffruones A–D(1–4),were isolated from the cherries of Coffea arabica.Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D,2...In present study,four new dammarane-type triterpenoids,namely caffruones A–D(1–4),were isolated from the cherries of Coffea arabica.Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D,2D NMR(HSQC,HMBC,^(1)H–^(1)H COSY,and ROESY),HRMS and IR spectra.This is the first time that tetracyclic triterpenes have been reported in genus Coffea.展开更多
Low dose remedies are widely administered in medicine. We used Tele-Stereo-EEG and the hippocampal slice preparation to measure physiological effects of orally given Coffea D6 (40 mg/kg), Gelsemium D4 (10 mg/kg) and V...Low dose remedies are widely administered in medicine. We used Tele-Stereo-EEG and the hippocampal slice preparation to measure physiological effects of orally given Coffea D6 (40 mg/kg), Gelsemium D4 (10 mg/kg) and Veratrum D6 (30 mg/kg) in rats. Adult rats were implanted with electrodes positioned stereotactically into four brain regions. Changes in field potentials were transmitted wirelessly. After frequency analysis data from 6 - 8 animals were averaged. For in vitro testing, preparations were superfused directly on hippocampal slices. Stimulation of Schaffer Collaterals by single stimuli (SS) or theta burst stimulation (TBS) resulted in stable population spike amplitudes. All three low dose preparations produced decreases of spectral power. Statistically significant changes were observed in delta, theta and alpha2 spectral power. In the hippocampal slice preparation Coffea facilitated signal transfer presumably by enhancing glutamate AMPA receptor transmission. Gelsemium showed a similar effect, but only after single shock stimulation. Opposite to this, attenuation of the electric pathway was recognized after theta burst stimulation due to AMPA receptor and glutamate metabotropic II receptor mediated transmission. Veratrum was able to attenuate glutamatergic due to receptor-mediated signalling sensitive to AMPA and NMDA. The results strongly speak in favour of the existence of biologically active molecules in these low dose preparations.展开更多
Genetic analysis of yield and yield components were carried out on three parental clones of Coffea canephora Pierre and their controlled hybrid progenies. There is a possibility to estimate coffee yield capabilities i...Genetic analysis of yield and yield components were carried out on three parental clones of Coffea canephora Pierre and their controlled hybrid progenies. There is a possibility to estimate coffee yield capabilities in simply via the easier measuring traits of yield components since significant correlation between them were detected. We found that among parental show very few significantly differences of all observed characters and even not found between the overall mean of the descendants and their donor parents, whereas some particular descendants show higher values rather than their donor parent in one or more characters. Increased value between the best parent to the best descendent were detected varies from zero to 102%. This situation suggests the difficulty to find out the optimum yield in a single plant by accumulating all of yield components that actually can increase 143% to 278% from actual to potential yields. In addition, observed characters among population were also actually found highly varies from 159% in out-turn in population B to 28,333% in number of productive branch among population A. Low heritability （h2） that generally found in quantitative traits due to polygenic control was present in our studies in almost all characters observed. Therefore, selection for actual high yielding through conventional breeding will not efficient, and more convincing the power of selection using molecular markers to assist for cumulate additive effects in a single genotypes that resulted of high yielding in the future.展开更多
This study was aimed at establishing allometric models for estimating LA (Leaf Area) of eight Coffea arabica genotypes in Mana district of Jimma Zone Oromia Regional State, South Western Ethiopia (7°46'N, ...This study was aimed at establishing allometric models for estimating LA (Leaf Area) of eight Coffea arabica genotypes in Mana district of Jimma Zone Oromia Regional State, South Western Ethiopia (7°46'N, 36°0'E). Many Methodologies and instruments have been devised to facilitate measurement of leaf area. However, these methods are destructive, laborious and expensive. For modeling leaf area, leaf width, leaf length and leaf area of 1200 leaves (50 leaves for each genotype) was measured for model calibration and the respective measurements on 960 leaves were used for model validation. Linear measurement was taken from leaves and branch diameters of eight genotypes of C. arabica, cultivated in field following a randomized complete blocks design at three altitudes (High, Medium and Low) were evaluated to identify best option for input in the models, and to validate the method to estimate the leaf area. Linear and non-linear models were tested for their accuracy to predict leaf area of the eight C. arabica genotypes. The use of linear model resulted in high accuracy for all of the eight C. arabica genotypes. No significant effect of growing altitude and genotype was obtained among the slopes of the models. Therefore, one single model was fitted to the combined data of all genotypes at all altitudes (LA = 0.6434LW). Comparison between observed and predicted leaf area was made using this model in another independent dataset, conducted for model validation, exhibited a high degree of correlation (r = 0.98 - 0.99, P < 0. 01). The over or under estimation of the leaf area using this model ranges between 0.02% to 1.7% and this model is adequate to estimate the leaf area for the eight C. arabica genotypes. Hence, this model can be proposed to be reliably used and with this developed model, researchers can estimate the leaf area of newly released eight genotypes of C. arabica at different altitudes accurately.展开更多
In coffee breeding practice,two quantitative traits,namely cherry and green bean characters are the important phenotypic selection index.The synchronous of cherry maturation,size,weight and shape of green bean are des...In coffee breeding practice,two quantitative traits,namely cherry and green bean characters are the important phenotypic selection index.The synchronous of cherry maturation,size,weight and shape of green bean are desirable traits for the future breeding.In order to increase the breeding efficiency,a set of quantitative trait loci(QTLs)analysis controlling these traits was carried out.The QTL analysis was performanced in cross pollinated population of Coffea canephora using single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and simple sequence repeats(SSRs)markers.Totally 12 QTLs determined desirable cherry and green bean traits were identified on 9 linkage groups(LG),where these QTLs mapped forming clusters in 11 different chromosomal regions.The desirable traits which can be detected by their QTLs are synchronous of cherry maturation(LG B and LG G),cherry size(LG A,LG F and LG G),bean shape(LG B,LG D and LG J),bean weight(LG H),bean size(LG A and LG E)and cherry-bean size(LG K)The gene action of these QTLs was dominance or an interaction of alleles(epistasis between alleles at the studied locus)effect.The yielded linkage map and the detected QTL can provide a tool for further genetic analysis of two traits and be potential for maker-assisted selection in C.canephora breeding.展开更多
The quantitative trait loci （QTLs） analysis for flower traits were performed based on three crossing of Coffea canephora in Indonesia. This study successfully identified 19 QTLs related to flowering. These QTLs cons...The quantitative trait loci （QTLs） analysis for flower traits were performed based on three crossing of Coffea canephora in Indonesia. This study successfully identified 19 QTLs related to flowering. These QTLs consisted of 1） three QTLs associated with green candle flowering time located at linkage groups of A and D; 2） one QTL associated to white candle flowering time located at linkage groups of B; 3） two QTLs associated to blossom flowering time located at linkage groups of B; 4） two QTLs associated to number of flowers located at linkage groups of G and H; 5） five QTLs associated to score of flowers quality located at linkage groups of A, C and D; 6） five QTLs associated to number of star flowers located at linkage groups of D, E, F and G. Due to some QTLs are overlapping on the same linkage group, thus, these 19 QTLs for flower traits might be considered as 15 different ones which distributed on 14 regions of the eight linkage groups. Although pleiotropic genes might be the most likely explanation for the collocation of these QTLs, the present data are not sufficient to distinguish between a pleiotropic gene and a cluster of different loci controlling several traits. These results can be a first step for molecular breeding on Robusta coffee mainly in order to improve potential suitable characteristics such as number of flowers and number of normal flowers as well as to reduce adverse characteristics such as number of star flowers.展开更多
In principle, the free fatty acids, diterpene fatty acid esters and triglycerides from green coffee oil can be separated effectively, by a suitable separation process, due to the differences between molar mass and vap...In principle, the free fatty acids, diterpene fatty acid esters and triglycerides from green coffee oil can be separated effectively, by a suitable separation process, due to the differences between molar mass and vapor pressures. In addition, in the case of component separation by molecular distillation, boiling point is replaced by evaporation rate at a given temperature. Several experiments and theoretical analyses have been carried out to identify the impact of important parameters （mean free path, evaporation rate, relative volatility and Knudsen number）, which determine the performance of these processes and degree of separation. In this work, a process development based on molecular distillation, for the enrichment of coffee diterpenes from green coffee oil is presented. The distillates were enriched in diterpene fatty acid esters and free fatty acids, while the residues were enriched in high molar mass triglycerides.展开更多
Zeuzera coffeae Nietner is a kind of pest which bores branches and trunks of coffee trees and grows in the interior of trees.It is widely distributed in China.This paper discussed the distribution,life history,morphol...Zeuzera coffeae Nietner is a kind of pest which bores branches and trunks of coffee trees and grows in the interior of trees.It is widely distributed in China.This paper discussed the distribution,life history,morphological characteristics,living habits and damage characteristics of Z.coffeae,and focused on the prevention and control measures,which can provide a reference for the comprehensive control of Z.coffeae.展开更多
To achieve high crop yieldin agriculture, the production of plantlets of superior quality is one of thebasic prerequisites. For conilon coffee, the current recommendation in theproduction of clonal plantlets through v...To achieve high crop yieldin agriculture, the production of plantlets of superior quality is one of thebasic prerequisites. For conilon coffee, the current recommendation in theproduction of clonal plantlets through vegetative propagation is to usediagonal cuttings, in bevel form. However, there are indications that othertypes of cutting have been successfully used to produce plantlets. In thiscontext, this experiment was conducted with the objective of studying thedevelopment of plantlets of conilon coffee obtained by different types ofcuttings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. The cuttings wereobtained from the middle portion of orthotropic stems of standardized plants.The experiment followed a split plot in time design, with three types ofcuttings (bevel, sharp bevel and straight) and two times of evaluation, withfour repetitions. At 30 and 120 days after planting, plantlets were collectedand evaluated. The results show the increase occurred in the variables due tothe straight cut when compared to the others, except for stem diameter.Emphasizing in this context, the straight cut promoted an increase in seedlingheight, production of biomass and in the Dickson’s quality index when comparedto cuttings in bevel and sharp bevel.展开更多
Brazil is the largest coffee exporter in the world. In addition, it occupies the second position, among the consuming countries of the drink. To investigate the chemical composition and quality of the coffee drink fro...Brazil is the largest coffee exporter in the world. In addition, it occupies the second position, among the consuming countries of the drink. To investigate the chemical composition and quality of the coffee drink from Coffea arabica species, samples grown in the city of Ourinhos, the third most productive region in the state of Sao Paulo, a study of its properties and characteristics was conducted. The pharmacobotanical characteristics were investigated performed according to usual techniques in these researches through macroscopic and microscopic studies through cross-sections. The oil obtained for analysis was extracted by soxhlet, and the caffeine content was measured for green grains using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using as stationary phase, column C18 and gradient mobile phase formed by 80% water and 20% methanol. The concentration obtained was 44.983 ± 0.86 μg/mL. The antioxidant activity was measured in triplicate through the DPPH test of the in natura coffee oil, and presented antioxidant action of EC50 25.89 ± 1.16 μg/mL.展开更多
Coffea cultivation with shade tree is used for improving soil health,increasing coffea production,sustaining agro ecology.The study was attended in two kebele,on 36 farmers’fields,at Gololcha district of East Arsi zo...Coffea cultivation with shade tree is used for improving soil health,increasing coffea production,sustaining agro ecology.The study was attended in two kebele,on 36 farmers’fields,at Gololcha district of East Arsi zone.The study was intended to assess the influence of coffea shade trees on farm lands versus mountainous area.Household interviews were used to get imperative separately,i.e.from old farmers,middle age farmers and young farmers.Significant difference value was observed between farm land and mountainous area coverage.Based on this respondents’idea,before 25-30 years;the‘condition of tree coverage at mountainous’area in Arsi Gololcha district was‘medium condition’but not normal that means as deforestation of mountainous area have been starting before 30 years’time;while the condition of tree coverage at farmland area also has been starting before 30 years’time.The third respondents’idea was interpreted with the real situation of the district,that it gave us a constructive inspiration on the role of coffea shade tree to enable the farm land to be taken as regular natural forest.The existing coffea shade trees are Cordia africana followed by Erythrina abyssinica and Acacia senegal.Farmers accounted 95%of coffea shade users and 4.6%without shade users.The respondents said that even if the rainfall intensity is increasing at farmland rather than mountainous area occasionally due to shade tree effect.On the contrary side,mountainous area exposed to deforestation since the farmers have been shifting to hilly side for their livelihood dependency.展开更多
Currently,irrigation decisions in coffee cultivation primarily rely on empirical knowledge,resulting in inefficient practices.Combining real-time leaf water content(LWC)data can help improve the accuracy of the irriga...Currently,irrigation decisions in coffee cultivation primarily rely on empirical knowledge,resulting in inefficient practices.Combining real-time leaf water content(LWC)data can help improve the accuracy of the irrigation planning.Spectral remote sensing is a fast,reliable,and non-invasive method to detect vegetation moisture content.In this study,a model to estimate the LWC of Coffea arabica L.was built using hyperspectral reflectance of the canopy under various irrigation levels.For this purpose,common spectral indices,two-band spectral indices[ratio spectral index(RSI);difference spectral index(DSI);and normalized difference spectral index(NDSI)],and three-band spectral indices were constructed.Feature bands were extracted using the successive projections algorithm(SPA).Optimal spectral indices were extracted using the correlation coefficient method,and the feature wavebands and spectral indices were combined into five datasets.These datasets were split into modeling and validation datasets by sample set partitioning based on the joint x-y distance(SPXY)algorithm.A linear model[partial least squares regression(PLSR)]and three non-linear models[support vector machine(SVM);extreme learning machine(ELM);back propagation artificial neural network(BPANN)]were built to estimate LWC of Coffea arabica L.The results indicated that the non-linear models surpassed the linear model.The accuracy was the highest when the modeling was performed using the dataset combination 5.Among various modeling methods,the predictive performance of ELM was the best(modeling dataset:R^(2)=0.745,RMSE=2.241%,RRMSE=3.482%;validation dataset:R^(2)=0.721,RMSE=2.142%,RRMSE=3.364%).ELM outperformed PLSR,SVM,and BPANN in LWC retrieval.The obtained results indicated that the dataset built by the combined use of different methods was superior to those from a single data source in accuracy.This study provides a scientific basis for the quantitative diagnosis of coffee tree water status,with significant implications for optimizing field irrigation management.展开更多
The present study evaluated the inhibitory effect of Ethiopian coffee(Coffea arabica)on carbohydrate digestive enzymes and its protective effect against glucose-induced testicular dysfunction using in vitro and in sil...The present study evaluated the inhibitory effect of Ethiopian coffee(Coffea arabica)on carbohydrate digestive enzymes and its protective effect against glucose-induced testicular dysfunction using in vitro and in silico study models.Testicular oxidative stress was initiated by co-incubating testocular tissue collected from male Sprague-Dawley rats in glucose solution with different concentrations of Ethiopian coffee aqueous extracts(hot and cold)for 2 h at 37℃.Glucose-mediated oxidative stress significantly(p<0.05)depleted reduced glutathione and total glycogen levels while it lowered catalase and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities in the testicular tissue.Concomitantly,this led to elevated malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels while it also increased glycogen phosphorylase,fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase,ATPase,and acetylcholinesterase activities.Treatment with different concentrations of coffee aqueous extracts restored the enzymes’and markers’levels and activities.Although both the cold and hot coffee extracts strongly inhibitedα-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes,the former showed better activities.The subjection of the coffee extracts to LC-MS analysis indicated the presence of several compounds,including chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid,cafestol,kahweol,caffeine,quinic acid,ferulic acid,and catechol which were further docked with the carbohydrate digestive enzymes.The in silico results displayed that among the various metabolites,chlorogenic acid strongly interacted and had the best binding affinity withα-glucosidase andα-amylase.Our findings implied that Ethiopian coffee may have a preventive effect against glucose-induced testicular damage.These are evidenced by the capacity of the plant product to decrease oxidative stress and protect against testicular dysfunction.展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(200903024-02)~~
文摘[Objective] Through the investigation of weeds in Coffea arabica orchads in NuJiang River basin, this study aimed to provide scientific guidance for the weed control and improving the ecological and economic benefits of the plantation of Cof- fea arabica. [Method] The types of weeds and the characteristics of weed occur- rence in Coffea arabica orchads in Nujiang River basin were investigated from July to August in 2012. [Result] The results showed that there were 69 types of weeds belonging to 21 families in Coffea arabica orchads. The predominant harmful types were shown as follows： Commelina nudiflora L. ＋ Leptochloa chinensis, Cyperus ro- tundus L. ＋ Bidens pilosa L. ＋ Eleusine indica, Imperata cylindrical ＋ Ageratum conyzoides L. ＋ Eupatorium odoratum L., Ageratum conyzoides L. ＋ Digitaria san- guinalis （L.） Scop. The preponderant weeds consisted mainly of 10 species, namely, Cyperus rotundus L., Commelina nudiflora L., Leptochloa chinensis, Digitaria san- guinalis （L.） Scop, Imperata cylindrical, Bidens pilosa L., Ageratum conyzoides L, E- upatorium odoratum L., Eleusine indica and Chenopodium serotinum L. [Conclusion] The result from this study is of great significance for the plantation of Coffea arabica in Nujiang River basin, as well as the control of weeds.
基金This study was supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(No.31670364)Project of Key New Productions of Yunnan Province,China(No.2015BB002)+2 种基金the STS Programme of Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(KFJ-SW-STS-143-8)Special Fund Project of Pu’er municipal government,China(2017)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,China(P2015-ZZ09).
文摘In present study,four new dammarane-type triterpenoids,namely caffruones A–D(1–4),were isolated from the cherries of Coffea arabica.Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D,2D NMR(HSQC,HMBC,^(1)H–^(1)H COSY,and ROESY),HRMS and IR spectra.This is the first time that tetracyclic triterpenes have been reported in genus Coffea.
文摘Low dose remedies are widely administered in medicine. We used Tele-Stereo-EEG and the hippocampal slice preparation to measure physiological effects of orally given Coffea D6 (40 mg/kg), Gelsemium D4 (10 mg/kg) and Veratrum D6 (30 mg/kg) in rats. Adult rats were implanted with electrodes positioned stereotactically into four brain regions. Changes in field potentials were transmitted wirelessly. After frequency analysis data from 6 - 8 animals were averaged. For in vitro testing, preparations were superfused directly on hippocampal slices. Stimulation of Schaffer Collaterals by single stimuli (SS) or theta burst stimulation (TBS) resulted in stable population spike amplitudes. All three low dose preparations produced decreases of spectral power. Statistically significant changes were observed in delta, theta and alpha2 spectral power. In the hippocampal slice preparation Coffea facilitated signal transfer presumably by enhancing glutamate AMPA receptor transmission. Gelsemium showed a similar effect, but only after single shock stimulation. Opposite to this, attenuation of the electric pathway was recognized after theta burst stimulation due to AMPA receptor and glutamate metabotropic II receptor mediated transmission. Veratrum was able to attenuate glutamatergic due to receptor-mediated signalling sensitive to AMPA and NMDA. The results strongly speak in favour of the existence of biologically active molecules in these low dose preparations.
文摘Genetic analysis of yield and yield components were carried out on three parental clones of Coffea canephora Pierre and their controlled hybrid progenies. There is a possibility to estimate coffee yield capabilities in simply via the easier measuring traits of yield components since significant correlation between them were detected. We found that among parental show very few significantly differences of all observed characters and even not found between the overall mean of the descendants and their donor parents, whereas some particular descendants show higher values rather than their donor parent in one or more characters. Increased value between the best parent to the best descendent were detected varies from zero to 102%. This situation suggests the difficulty to find out the optimum yield in a single plant by accumulating all of yield components that actually can increase 143% to 278% from actual to potential yields. In addition, observed characters among population were also actually found highly varies from 159% in out-turn in population B to 28,333% in number of productive branch among population A. Low heritability （h2） that generally found in quantitative traits due to polygenic control was present in our studies in almost all characters observed. Therefore, selection for actual high yielding through conventional breeding will not efficient, and more convincing the power of selection using molecular markers to assist for cumulate additive effects in a single genotypes that resulted of high yielding in the future.
文摘This study was aimed at establishing allometric models for estimating LA (Leaf Area) of eight Coffea arabica genotypes in Mana district of Jimma Zone Oromia Regional State, South Western Ethiopia (7°46'N, 36°0'E). Many Methodologies and instruments have been devised to facilitate measurement of leaf area. However, these methods are destructive, laborious and expensive. For modeling leaf area, leaf width, leaf length and leaf area of 1200 leaves (50 leaves for each genotype) was measured for model calibration and the respective measurements on 960 leaves were used for model validation. Linear measurement was taken from leaves and branch diameters of eight genotypes of C. arabica, cultivated in field following a randomized complete blocks design at three altitudes (High, Medium and Low) were evaluated to identify best option for input in the models, and to validate the method to estimate the leaf area. Linear and non-linear models were tested for their accuracy to predict leaf area of the eight C. arabica genotypes. The use of linear model resulted in high accuracy for all of the eight C. arabica genotypes. No significant effect of growing altitude and genotype was obtained among the slopes of the models. Therefore, one single model was fitted to the combined data of all genotypes at all altitudes (LA = 0.6434LW). Comparison between observed and predicted leaf area was made using this model in another independent dataset, conducted for model validation, exhibited a high degree of correlation (r = 0.98 - 0.99, P < 0. 01). The over or under estimation of the leaf area using this model ranges between 0.02% to 1.7% and this model is adequate to estimate the leaf area for the eight C. arabica genotypes. Hence, this model can be proposed to be reliably used and with this developed model, researchers can estimate the leaf area of newly released eight genotypes of C. arabica at different altitudes accurately.
文摘In coffee breeding practice,two quantitative traits,namely cherry and green bean characters are the important phenotypic selection index.The synchronous of cherry maturation,size,weight and shape of green bean are desirable traits for the future breeding.In order to increase the breeding efficiency,a set of quantitative trait loci(QTLs)analysis controlling these traits was carried out.The QTL analysis was performanced in cross pollinated population of Coffea canephora using single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and simple sequence repeats(SSRs)markers.Totally 12 QTLs determined desirable cherry and green bean traits were identified on 9 linkage groups(LG),where these QTLs mapped forming clusters in 11 different chromosomal regions.The desirable traits which can be detected by their QTLs are synchronous of cherry maturation(LG B and LG G),cherry size(LG A,LG F and LG G),bean shape(LG B,LG D and LG J),bean weight(LG H),bean size(LG A and LG E)and cherry-bean size(LG K)The gene action of these QTLs was dominance or an interaction of alleles(epistasis between alleles at the studied locus)effect.The yielded linkage map and the detected QTL can provide a tool for further genetic analysis of two traits and be potential for maker-assisted selection in C.canephora breeding.
文摘The quantitative trait loci （QTLs） analysis for flower traits were performed based on three crossing of Coffea canephora in Indonesia. This study successfully identified 19 QTLs related to flowering. These QTLs consisted of 1） three QTLs associated with green candle flowering time located at linkage groups of A and D; 2） one QTL associated to white candle flowering time located at linkage groups of B; 3） two QTLs associated to blossom flowering time located at linkage groups of B; 4） two QTLs associated to number of flowers located at linkage groups of G and H; 5） five QTLs associated to score of flowers quality located at linkage groups of A, C and D; 6） five QTLs associated to number of star flowers located at linkage groups of D, E, F and G. Due to some QTLs are overlapping on the same linkage group, thus, these 19 QTLs for flower traits might be considered as 15 different ones which distributed on 14 regions of the eight linkage groups. Although pleiotropic genes might be the most likely explanation for the collocation of these QTLs, the present data are not sufficient to distinguish between a pleiotropic gene and a cluster of different loci controlling several traits. These results can be a first step for molecular breeding on Robusta coffee mainly in order to improve potential suitable characteristics such as number of flowers and number of normal flowers as well as to reduce adverse characteristics such as number of star flowers.
文摘In principle, the free fatty acids, diterpene fatty acid esters and triglycerides from green coffee oil can be separated effectively, by a suitable separation process, due to the differences between molar mass and vapor pressures. In addition, in the case of component separation by molecular distillation, boiling point is replaced by evaporation rate at a given temperature. Several experiments and theoretical analyses have been carried out to identify the impact of important parameters （mean free path, evaporation rate, relative volatility and Knudsen number）, which determine the performance of these processes and degree of separation. In this work, a process development based on molecular distillation, for the enrichment of coffee diterpenes from green coffee oil is presented. The distillates were enriched in diterpene fatty acid esters and free fatty acids, while the residues were enriched in high molar mass triglycerides.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Innovation and Enterpreneurship Training Program of Guangdong Province(S202110580043).
文摘Zeuzera coffeae Nietner is a kind of pest which bores branches and trunks of coffee trees and grows in the interior of trees.It is widely distributed in China.This paper discussed the distribution,life history,morphological characteristics,living habits and damage characteristics of Z.coffeae,and focused on the prevention and control measures,which can provide a reference for the comprehensive control of Z.coffeae.
文摘To achieve high crop yieldin agriculture, the production of plantlets of superior quality is one of thebasic prerequisites. For conilon coffee, the current recommendation in theproduction of clonal plantlets through vegetative propagation is to usediagonal cuttings, in bevel form. However, there are indications that othertypes of cutting have been successfully used to produce plantlets. In thiscontext, this experiment was conducted with the objective of studying thedevelopment of plantlets of conilon coffee obtained by different types ofcuttings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. The cuttings wereobtained from the middle portion of orthotropic stems of standardized plants.The experiment followed a split plot in time design, with three types ofcuttings (bevel, sharp bevel and straight) and two times of evaluation, withfour repetitions. At 30 and 120 days after planting, plantlets were collectedand evaluated. The results show the increase occurred in the variables due tothe straight cut when compared to the others, except for stem diameter.Emphasizing in this context, the straight cut promoted an increase in seedlingheight, production of biomass and in the Dickson’s quality index when comparedto cuttings in bevel and sharp bevel.
文摘Brazil is the largest coffee exporter in the world. In addition, it occupies the second position, among the consuming countries of the drink. To investigate the chemical composition and quality of the coffee drink from Coffea arabica species, samples grown in the city of Ourinhos, the third most productive region in the state of Sao Paulo, a study of its properties and characteristics was conducted. The pharmacobotanical characteristics were investigated performed according to usual techniques in these researches through macroscopic and microscopic studies through cross-sections. The oil obtained for analysis was extracted by soxhlet, and the caffeine content was measured for green grains using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using as stationary phase, column C18 and gradient mobile phase formed by 80% water and 20% methanol. The concentration obtained was 44.983 ± 0.86 μg/mL. The antioxidant activity was measured in triplicate through the DPPH test of the in natura coffee oil, and presented antioxidant action of EC50 25.89 ± 1.16 μg/mL.
文摘Coffea cultivation with shade tree is used for improving soil health,increasing coffea production,sustaining agro ecology.The study was attended in two kebele,on 36 farmers’fields,at Gololcha district of East Arsi zone.The study was intended to assess the influence of coffea shade trees on farm lands versus mountainous area.Household interviews were used to get imperative separately,i.e.from old farmers,middle age farmers and young farmers.Significant difference value was observed between farm land and mountainous area coverage.Based on this respondents’idea,before 25-30 years;the‘condition of tree coverage at mountainous’area in Arsi Gololcha district was‘medium condition’but not normal that means as deforestation of mountainous area have been starting before 30 years’time;while the condition of tree coverage at farmland area also has been starting before 30 years’time.The third respondents’idea was interpreted with the real situation of the district,that it gave us a constructive inspiration on the role of coffea shade tree to enable the farm land to be taken as regular natural forest.The existing coffea shade trees are Cordia africana followed by Erythrina abyssinica and Acacia senegal.Farmers accounted 95%of coffea shade users and 4.6%without shade users.The respondents said that even if the rainfall intensity is increasing at farmland rather than mountainous area occasionally due to shade tree effect.On the contrary side,mountainous area exposed to deforestation since the farmers have been shifting to hilly side for their livelihood dependency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52379040)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(Grant No.202301AS070030 and 202101AU070039)+2 种基金Yunnan Major Science and Technology Special Plan(Grant No.202302AE090024)Yunnan Science and Technology Talent and Platform Program(Grant No.202305AM070006)the Yunnan Intelligent Water-Fertilizer-Pesticide Integration Technology and Equipment Innovation Team(No.202505AS350025).
文摘Currently,irrigation decisions in coffee cultivation primarily rely on empirical knowledge,resulting in inefficient practices.Combining real-time leaf water content(LWC)data can help improve the accuracy of the irrigation planning.Spectral remote sensing is a fast,reliable,and non-invasive method to detect vegetation moisture content.In this study,a model to estimate the LWC of Coffea arabica L.was built using hyperspectral reflectance of the canopy under various irrigation levels.For this purpose,common spectral indices,two-band spectral indices[ratio spectral index(RSI);difference spectral index(DSI);and normalized difference spectral index(NDSI)],and three-band spectral indices were constructed.Feature bands were extracted using the successive projections algorithm(SPA).Optimal spectral indices were extracted using the correlation coefficient method,and the feature wavebands and spectral indices were combined into five datasets.These datasets were split into modeling and validation datasets by sample set partitioning based on the joint x-y distance(SPXY)algorithm.A linear model[partial least squares regression(PLSR)]and three non-linear models[support vector machine(SVM);extreme learning machine(ELM);back propagation artificial neural network(BPANN)]were built to estimate LWC of Coffea arabica L.The results indicated that the non-linear models surpassed the linear model.The accuracy was the highest when the modeling was performed using the dataset combination 5.Among various modeling methods,the predictive performance of ELM was the best(modeling dataset:R^(2)=0.745,RMSE=2.241%,RRMSE=3.482%;validation dataset:R^(2)=0.721,RMSE=2.142%,RRMSE=3.364%).ELM outperformed PLSR,SVM,and BPANN in LWC retrieval.The obtained results indicated that the dataset built by the combined use of different methods was superior to those from a single data source in accuracy.This study provides a scientific basis for the quantitative diagnosis of coffee tree water status,with significant implications for optimizing field irrigation management.
基金funded by the Research Office,University of KwaZulu-Natal,DurbanIncentive Funding for Rated Researchers from National Research Foundation(NRF),Pretoria,South Africa.
文摘The present study evaluated the inhibitory effect of Ethiopian coffee(Coffea arabica)on carbohydrate digestive enzymes and its protective effect against glucose-induced testicular dysfunction using in vitro and in silico study models.Testicular oxidative stress was initiated by co-incubating testocular tissue collected from male Sprague-Dawley rats in glucose solution with different concentrations of Ethiopian coffee aqueous extracts(hot and cold)for 2 h at 37℃.Glucose-mediated oxidative stress significantly(p<0.05)depleted reduced glutathione and total glycogen levels while it lowered catalase and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities in the testicular tissue.Concomitantly,this led to elevated malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels while it also increased glycogen phosphorylase,fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase,ATPase,and acetylcholinesterase activities.Treatment with different concentrations of coffee aqueous extracts restored the enzymes’and markers’levels and activities.Although both the cold and hot coffee extracts strongly inhibitedα-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes,the former showed better activities.The subjection of the coffee extracts to LC-MS analysis indicated the presence of several compounds,including chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid,cafestol,kahweol,caffeine,quinic acid,ferulic acid,and catechol which were further docked with the carbohydrate digestive enzymes.The in silico results displayed that among the various metabolites,chlorogenic acid strongly interacted and had the best binding affinity withα-glucosidase andα-amylase.Our findings implied that Ethiopian coffee may have a preventive effect against glucose-induced testicular damage.These are evidenced by the capacity of the plant product to decrease oxidative stress and protect against testicular dysfunction.
