It is beyond doubt that Russo-US relationship is one of the world's most important big-power relationships.No matter how good or bad,how intense or relaxed it may be,it will always have a bearing on the stability ...It is beyond doubt that Russo-US relationship is one of the world's most important big-power relationships.No matter how good or bad,how intense or relaxed it may be,it will always have a bearing on the stability of theworld,thus drawing world–wide attention.In recent years the overall Russo-US relations have walked out of theshadow of the previous cold–war rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States,and are entering a stateof relative stability,marked by tussles along with cooperation,tussles without breakups and cooperation withdifferences.展开更多
Agricultural heritage refers to distinctive farming systems shaped by long-term synergistic evolution of humans and their environment.Safeguarding this heritage is fundamentally about preserving the wisdom of harmonio...Agricultural heritage refers to distinctive farming systems shaped by long-term synergistic evolution of humans and their environment.Safeguarding this heritage is fundamentally about preserving the wisdom of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.It is indispensable for maintaining global biodiversity,ensuring food and livelihood security,and enhancing resilience against climate change.展开更多
China–Africa cooperation provides practical solutions to development challenges and strengthens global governance.Beginning with the landmark 1955 Bandung Conference,China and African nations embarked on a path of so...China–Africa cooperation provides practical solutions to development challenges and strengthens global governance.Beginning with the landmark 1955 Bandung Conference,China and African nations embarked on a path of solidarity and cooperation.Over the past seven decades,guided by the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and the Bandung Spirit of“solidarity,friendship,and cooperation,”both sides have explored independent development paths and confronted global challenges together.展开更多
Tolerance,coexistence,exchanges and mutual learning among different civilisations play an irreplaceable role in advancing humanity's modernisation process when the future of all countries are closely connected.
从鲜花供品到静居日,从梯田游览到海浪驰骋,巴厘岛让我们放慢脚步,瞬间发现喜悦。Imagine a vacation that feels like stepping into a reallife adventure game.That's Bali!Its special secret is called"menyama braya,&qu...从鲜花供品到静居日,从梯田游览到海浪驰骋,巴厘岛让我们放慢脚步,瞬间发现喜悦。Imagine a vacation that feels like stepping into a reallife adventure game.That's Bali!Its special secret is called"menyama braya,"which means living peacefully with everything and everyone.展开更多
Animals living in syntopy share acoustic space.Asian horned frogs are well known for their sympatric distribution,but little is known about their strategies to avoid acoustic niche competition.This study focused on th...Animals living in syntopy share acoustic space.Asian horned frogs are well known for their sympatric distribution,but little is known about their strategies to avoid acoustic niche competition.This study focused on three sympatric Boulenophrys frog species from southern China—B.nanlingensis,B.ombrophila,and B.shimentaina,with the former two species call in similar frequencies but breed in different seasons.First,we checked the call variation during the change of individual body size and the ambient air temperature in three species.We have found call frequencies were the most static parameters in each species that were associated with body size and contributed most to species identifcation.Temporal call parameters shift with temperature but are mostly infuenced by low temperatures.Second,we checked the interactions between the environment and call properties.The calling site preferences of each species corresponded well with the prediction of the acoustic adaptation hypothesis(in view of higher frequency better transmission in open habitat),and species with similar call frequencies have some aspects of common calling sites.Third,we checked the species–species interaction by using playback tests with male B.nanlingensis.Results from playback experiments showed species that call at similar frequencies could hardly share the same habitat during the same season.These fndings expanded the knowledge of acoustic coexistence in closely related anuran species and provided insights into the vocal behavior of Asian horned frogs.展开更多
Scholars and volunteers have been dedicated to working together with local residence for nearly two decades to protect nature.AS the awareness of both the government and the general public has grown regarding environm...Scholars and volunteers have been dedicated to working together with local residence for nearly two decades to protect nature.AS the awareness of both the government and the general public has grown regarding environmental protection,it has become a general consensus that ecosystems need to be protected by relying on local guardians with broad societal support and participation.展开更多
The environmental impacts of acid mine drainage(AMD)from open-pit mining are profoundly detrimental,yet knowledge about its effects on paddy soil microbial communities,especially at greater depths,remains limited.In t...The environmental impacts of acid mine drainage(AMD)from open-pit mining are profoundly detrimental,yet knowledge about its effects on paddy soil microbial communities,especially at greater depths,remains limited.In this investigation,we compared soils affected by AMD versus unaffected soil depth profiles in terms of bacterial diversity and community assembly.The profiles in AMD-polluted soils exhibited tight geochemical gradients,characterized by increased acidity,SO_(4)^(2-),NO_(3)^(-),and heavy metal content compared to unpolluted soils.Notably,AMD significantly diminished soil bacterial biodiversity.A depthwise analysis showed distinct microbial stratification,with certain bacteria like Candidatus_Solibacter and Candidatus_Koribacter predominated in polluted soils,while others like Haliangium and Nitrospira were more prevalent in control soils.Interestingly,despite variable soil conditions,predictedmetabolic pathways,particularly those involving carbon,nitrogen,and sulfur,showed relative stability.AMD pollution induced the upregulation of methylcoenzyme M reductase and sulfate reductase genes.Bacterial communities were more responsive to pH and nutrient content rather than heavy metals,with pH and SO_(4)^(2-)being the primary drivers of microbial diversity and distribution.Additionally,pHwas identified as the most significant influence on the predicted methane,sulfur,and nitrogen metabolism.Furthermore,deterministic processes played a more significant role in community assembly of polluted soils,while heterogeneous selection gained importance with increasing depth in control soils.Additionally,microbial co-occurrences,particularly positive interactions,were more prevalent in the polluted soils with reduced network modularity and keystone taxa.These findings offer insights into sustaining microbial diversity in extreme environments.展开更多
In recent years,the phenomenon of multistability has attracted wide attention.In this paper,a memristive chaotic system with extreme multistability is constructed by using a memristor.The dynamic behavior of the syste...In recent years,the phenomenon of multistability has attracted wide attention.In this paper,a memristive chaotic system with extreme multistability is constructed by using a memristor.The dynamic behavior of the system is analyzed by Poincar´e mapping,a time series diagram,and a bifurcation diagram.The results show that the new system has several significant characteristics.First,the new system has a constant Lyapunov exponent,transient chaos and one complete Feigenbaum tree.Second,the system has the phenomenon of bifurcation map shifts that depend on the initial conditions.In addition,we find periodic bursting oscillations,chaotic bursting oscillations,and the transition of chaotic bursting oscillations to periodic bursting oscillations.In particular,when the system parameters take different discrete values,the system generates a bubble phenomenon that varies with the initial conditions,and this bubble can be shifted with the initial values,which has rarely been seen in the previous literature.The implementation by field-programmable gate array(FPGA)and analog circuit simulation show close alignment with the MATLAB numerical simulation results,validating the system’s realizability.Additionally,the image encryption algorithm integrating DNA-based encoding and chaotic systems further demonstrates its practical applicability.展开更多
This article discusses the coexistence of prostate adenocarcinoma and prostate urothelial carcinoma.Combining existing literature and research results,the potential mechanisms of the co-occurrence of these two cancers...This article discusses the coexistence of prostate adenocarcinoma and prostate urothelial carcinoma.Combining existing literature and research results,the potential mechanisms of the co-occurrence of these two cancers are explored,including the role of androgen receptor,gene mutations,and their complex interactions in cell signaling pathways,etc.Also,the hypothesis of prostate cancer transformation into urothelial carcinoma is explained from some perspectives,including tumor multipotent stem cell differentiation,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,mesenchymal-epithelial transition,and other mechanisms.Ultimately,the goal is to provide more accurate diagnoses and more personalized treatments in clinical practice,as well as to lay the foundation for improving patient prognoses in the future.展开更多
Gas explosions are a frequent hazard in underground confined spaces in the process of urban development.Liquid sedimentary layers,commonly present in these environments,have not been sufficiently studied in terms of t...Gas explosions are a frequent hazard in underground confined spaces in the process of urban development.Liquid sedimentary layers,commonly present in these environments,have not been sufficiently studied in terms of their impact on explosion dynamics.This study aims to investigate how gas-liquid two-phase environments in confined underground spaces affect the explosion characteristics of natural gas.To achieve this,experiments are conducted to examine the propagation of natural gas explosions in water and diesel layers,focusing on the influence of liquid properties and the liquid fullness degree(Lx)on explosion behavior.The results indicate that the presence of a liquid layer after the initial ignition stage significantly attenuates both the peak overpressure and the rise speed of pressure,in comparison to the natural gas conditions.During the subsequent explosive reaction,the evaporation and combustion of the diesel surface resulted in a distinct double-peak pressure rise profile in the diesel layer,with the second peak notably exceeding the first peak.Under conditions with a liquid sedimentary layer,the flame propagation velocities range from 6.53 to 34.1 m/s,while the overpressure peaks vary between 0.157 and 0.255 MPa.The explosion duration in both the water and diesel layer environments is approximately twice as long as that of the natural gas explosion,although the underlying mechanisms differ.In the diesel layer,the prolonged explosion time is attributed to the evaporation and combustion of the diesel,while in the water layer,the flame propagation velocity is significantly reduced.Under the experimental conditions,the maximum explosion energy reached 7.15×10~6J,corresponding to a TNT equivalent of 1.7.The peak overpressure surpassed the threshold for human fatality as defined by overpressure standards,posing a potential risk of damage to large steel-frame structures.The explosion shockwave in diesel layer conditions(L_(d)=0%,5%,7.5%,12.5%)and water layer(L_(w)=12.5%)conditions is observed to be sufficient to damage earthquake-resistant reinforced concrete.This study investigates the impact of sediment layer thickness and composition on gas explosions,and evaluates the associated explosion energy to assess human injuries and structural damage in underground environments.The findings of this study provide a scientific reference for urban underground safety.展开更多
What will our life be like in the future?With the development of science and technology,our life will get better and much more colorful.I think there must be great changes taking place in the future.Maybe cars will mo...What will our life be like in the future?With the development of science and technology,our life will get better and much more colorful.I think there must be great changes taking place in the future.Maybe cars will move on the way without drivers.Some cities will be built under the sea and humans will live with sea animals.Robots will help us cook food and do some cleaning.展开更多
Resource utilization of metallurgical solid waste is vital for the sustainable development of the steel industry in the context of“dual carbon.”The calcification-carbothermal reduction method was employed to extract...Resource utilization of metallurgical solid waste is vital for the sustainable development of the steel industry in the context of“dual carbon.”The calcification-carbothermal reduction method was employed to extract zinc and iron from electric furnace dust effectively.In this process,calcium oxide reacts with zinc ferrite to form dicalcium ferrite and zinc oxide,which further promotes the effective separation of zinc and iron.However,the addition of pure calcium oxide increases production costs for steel companies.Herein,a new process for dust removal and zinc recovery in electric furnaces has been developed,using electric furnace slag as a calcium agent and mineral trough ash as a reducing agent.Large amounts of dicalcium ferrate phases were detected in the carbothermal reduction products by steel slag synergistic calcification.The reaction mechanism was determined as ZnFe_(2)O_(4)+CaO→Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5)+ZnO→Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5)+Zn(g).Such a two-step reaction path indicated that steel slag can effectively promote the reduction and volatilization of zinc.The experimental optimal roasting parameters were determined as roasting temperature of 1150℃,roasting time of 45 min,calcium to zinc molar ratio of 1.1,and carbon to oxygen molar ratio of 0.8.The mass percentage of added steel slag was recorded as 21.83%,while that of mineral trough ash was 21.85%.Under these conditions,the zinc removal rate above 99%and the metallization rate of pellets of about 75.31%were achieved.Overall,the proposed method looks promising for future efficient separation of zinc and iron in industrial steel slag.展开更多
Accurate and timely large-scale paddy rice maps with remote sensing are essential for crop monitoring and management and are used for assessing its impacts on food security,water resource management,and transmission o...Accurate and timely large-scale paddy rice maps with remote sensing are essential for crop monitoring and management and are used for assessing its impacts on food security,water resource management,and transmission of zoonotic infectious diseases.Optical image-based paddy rice mapping studies employed the unique spectral feature during the flooding/transplanting period of paddy rice.However,the lack of high-quality observations during the flooding/transplanting stage caused by rain and clouds and spectral similarity between paddy rice and natural wetlands often introduce errors in paddy rice identification,especially in paddy rice and wetland coexistent areas.In this study,we used a knowledge-based algorithm and time series observation from optical images(Sentinel-2 and Landsat 7/8)and microwave images(Sentinel-1)to address these issues.The final 10-m paddy rice map had user’s accuracy,producer’s accuracy,F1-score,and overall accuracy of 0.91±0.004,0.74±0.010,0.82,and 0.98±0.001(±value is the standard error),respectively.Over half(62.0%)of the paddy rice pixels had a confidence level of 1(detected by both optical images and microwave images),while 38.0%had a confidence level of 0.5(detected by either optical images or microwave images).The estimated paddy rice area in northeast China for 2020 was 60.83±0.86×10^(3)km^(2).Provincial and municipal rice areas in our data set agreed well with other existing paddy rice data sets and the Agricultural Statistical Yearbooks.These findings indicate that knowledge-based paddy rice mapping algorithms and a combination of optical and microwave images hold great potential for timely and frequently accurate paddy rice mapping in large-scale complex landscapes.展开更多
In order to understand the transmission mechanism of West Nile virus(WNv)in birds(especially crows)and mosquitoes populations,this paper extends the traditional ordinary differential model of WNv to a reaction-diffusi...In order to understand the transmission mechanism of West Nile virus(WNv)in birds(especially crows)and mosquitoes populations,this paper extends the traditional ordinary differential model of WNv to a reaction-diffusion system with more complex cross-diffusion.We explore the relationship between the basic reproduction number and cross-diffusion coefficients involving various parameters,and investigate the effect of vertical transmission of the virus on the transmission mechanism.We use the method of upper and lower solutions to investigate the existence of the coexistence solutions.The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show that the WNv carried by birds and mosquitoes will coexist when the low-risk threshold R0*≥1,which is a disadvantage to the prevention and control of this virus,and disappear when the high-risk threshold R*0≤1,which is an advantage to that.展开更多
Understanding water uptake depth and its relationship with functional traits offers valuable insights into resource-use partitioning among coexisting tree species as well as forest responses to drought.However,knowled...Understanding water uptake depth and its relationship with functional traits offers valuable insights into resource-use partitioning among coexisting tree species as well as forest responses to drought.However,knowledge about water uptake patterns in vertical soil layers,especially among increasingly widespread secondary forest tree species,remains limited.In this study,we investigated interspecific and seasonal variations in water uptake depth among seven coexisting tree species over a 2-year period in a warm-temperate secondary forest in central Japan.We also analyzed the relationships of water uptake depth with tree height and functional traits,including specific leaf area(SLA),leaf dry matter content(LDMC),leaf nitrogen(N)content,and wood density(WD),to discern resource-use and-acquisition strategies.Results revealed that taller trees,especially when soil water is scarce,tend to access deeper soil water sources,indicating that water source partitioning is correlated with tree height.This interspecific and temporal variation in water sources likely stratifies trees to facilitate coexistence within the forest.Water uptake depth was primarily associated with WD and LDMC:trees absorbing more water from shallow soils during dry conditions exhibited lower WD and LDMC,indicating a proactive resource-use strategy.Conversely,SLA and leaf N content were orthogonal to water uptake depth,suggesting that strategies for acquiring belowground and aboveground resources may differ.Considering the alternation of tree species composition during secondary forest succession,our study highlights the importance of further data collection regarding root water uptake depth along successional stages to understand dynamic shifts in water uptake sources.展开更多
Airborne pulse radar and communication systems are essential for precise detection and collision avoidance,ensuring that aircraft operate safely and efficiently.A major challenge in spectrum sharing is the allocation ...Airborne pulse radar and communication systems are essential for precise detection and collision avoidance,ensuring that aircraft operate safely and efficiently.A major challenge in spectrum sharing is the allocation of resources in both the time and frequency domains,aiming to minimize inter-system interference as the available spectrum fluctuates over time.In this paper,regarding maximization of detection probability and spectrum utilization efficiency as two fundamental objectives,a novel Dynamic Spectrum and Power Allocation based on Genetic Algorithm(GA-DSPA)model is proposed,which dynamically allocates communication channel frequency and power under the constraints of pulse radar detection probability and signal-to-interferenceplus-noise ratio of communication.To solve this bi-objective model,a non-dominated sortingbased multi-objective genetic algorithm is developed.A novel environment perception strategy and offspring sorting technique based on radar echoes are integrated into the optimization framework.Simulation results indicate that by integrating environmental monitoring mechanisms and dynamic adaptation strategies,the proposed method effectively tracks the evolving Paretooptimal Fronts(Po Fs),thereby ensuring optimal performance for both co-located pulse radar and communication systems.Hardware test results confirm that within the GA-DSPA framework,the pulse radar achieves higher detection probabilities under identical conditions,while the communication system realizes increased average throughput.展开更多
This study explores the phenomenon of shape coexistence in nuclei around^(172)Hg,with a focus on the isotopes^(170)Pt,^(172)Hg,and^(174)Pb,as well as the^(170)Pt to^(180)Pt isotopic chain.Utilizing a macro-microscopic...This study explores the phenomenon of shape coexistence in nuclei around^(172)Hg,with a focus on the isotopes^(170)Pt,^(172)Hg,and^(174)Pb,as well as the^(170)Pt to^(180)Pt isotopic chain.Utilizing a macro-microscopic approach that incorporates the Lublin-Strasbourg Drop model combined with a Yukawa-Folded potential and pairing corrections,we analyze the potential energy surfaces(PESs)to understand the impact of pairing interaction.For^(170)Pt,the PES exhibited a prolate ground state,with additional triaxial and oblate-shaped isomers.In^(172)Hg,the ground-state deformation transitions from triaxial to oblate with increasing pairing interaction,demonstrating its nearlyγ-unstable nature.Three shape isomers(prolate,triaxial,and oblate)were observed,with increased pairing strength leading to the disappearance of the triaxial isomer.^(174)Pb exhibited a prolate ground state that became increasingly spherical with stronger pairing.While shape isomers were present at lower pairing strengths,robust shape coexistence was not observed.For realistic pairing interaction,the ground-state shapes transitioned from prolate in^(170)Pt to a coexistence ofγ-unstable and oblate shapes in^(172)Hg,ultimately approaching spherical symmetry in^(174)Pb.A comparison between Exact and Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer(BCS)pairing demonstrated that BCS pairing tends to smooth out shape coexistence and reduce the depth of the shape isomer,leading to less pronounced deformation features.The PESs for even-even^(170)-180 Pt isotopes revealed significant shape evolution.^(170)Pt showed a prolate ground state,whereas^(172)Pt exhibited both triaxial and prolate shape coexistence.In^(174)Pt,the ground state was triaxial,coexisted with a prolate minimum.For^(176)Pt,aγ-unstable ground state coexists with a prolate minimum.By 178 Pt and 180Pt,a dominant prolate minimum emerged.These results highlight the role of shape coexistence andγ-instability in the evolution of nuclear structure,especially in the mid-shell region.These findings highlight the importance of pairing interactions in nuclear deformation and shape coexistence,providing insights into the structural evolution of mid-shell nuclei.展开更多
Amid global precipitation changes,it remains unclear whether hydrological niche separation(HNS)mechanisms apply to herbaceous plant communities in desert steppes are severely affected by seasonal drought.How these pla...Amid global precipitation changes,it remains unclear whether hydrological niche separation(HNS)mechanisms apply to herbaceous plant communities in desert steppes are severely affected by seasonal drought.How these plants access limited water and tolerate drought to coexist also remains unverified.In this study,we employed stable isotope techniques to examine water acquisition and drought adaptation in coexisting species of the desert steppe in northern China under five precipitation treatments,i.e.,decreased 50%,decreased 30%,ambient,increased 30%,and increased 50%precipitation.The following results showed that:(1)water sources of coexisting species shifted with changes in precipitation amount and timing,i.e.,all coexisting plants exhibited preferential utilization of surface soil moisture.When surface soil moisture was scarce,they shifted to deeper water sources,and when deep water sources remained scarce,they were forced to compete more intensely for surface water sources;(2)community's HNS was affected by precipitation amount but not by timing,i.e.,with adequate soil moisture,plant water source ranges expanded,reducing overlap and enhancing HNS,whereas under extreme drought,the range contracted and increased the overlap,although HNS remained stable;and(3)water acquisition strategies of coexisting species differed along hydrological niche axis defined by water stress adaptability(i.e.,stable carbon isotope composition and proline content).Convolvulus ammannii Desr.had the strongest drought adaptation,although its strategy showed a weak correlation with water uptake.Stipa breviflora Griseb.,with moderate drought resistance,adopted a water-conserving strategy that was suitable for extreme drought.Leymus secalinus(Georgi)Tzvelev,Polygala tenuifolia Willd.,and Larix potaninii Batalin showed resource-dependent and flexible water strategies,thriving in wetter soils but struggling under extreme drought.Our findings indicated that herbaceous species in desert steppes adapted their water uptake and drought tolerance strategies according to changes in precipitation amount and timing.As a core regulatory mechanism,HNS(under increasing precipitation variability due to climate change)not only supports species coexistence by reducing interspecific competition,but also promotes efficient soil moisture use.This mechanism enhances community drought resistance and contributes to ecosystem stability.Overall,this study provides key ecological evidence for understanding plant community adaptation in arid and semi-arid areas facing the influence of global climate change.展开更多
Over 70 years ago,China proposed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence,which were first embraced by countries such as Myanmar and gradually gained traction across Asia.The Five Principles eventually became widel...Over 70 years ago,China proposed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence,which were first embraced by countries such as Myanmar and gradually gained traction across Asia.The Five Principles eventually became widely recognized norms in international relations and foundational principles of international law,contributing significantly to the post-World War II international order.Decades on,the Five Principles have not faded into history.Rather,they have demonstrated renewed relevance in today’s complex global landscape.展开更多
文摘It is beyond doubt that Russo-US relationship is one of the world's most important big-power relationships.No matter how good or bad,how intense or relaxed it may be,it will always have a bearing on the stability of theworld,thus drawing world–wide attention.In recent years the overall Russo-US relations have walked out of theshadow of the previous cold–war rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States,and are entering a stateof relative stability,marked by tussles along with cooperation,tussles without breakups and cooperation withdifferences.
文摘Agricultural heritage refers to distinctive farming systems shaped by long-term synergistic evolution of humans and their environment.Safeguarding this heritage is fundamentally about preserving the wisdom of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.It is indispensable for maintaining global biodiversity,ensuring food and livelihood security,and enhancing resilience against climate change.
文摘China–Africa cooperation provides practical solutions to development challenges and strengthens global governance.Beginning with the landmark 1955 Bandung Conference,China and African nations embarked on a path of solidarity and cooperation.Over the past seven decades,guided by the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and the Bandung Spirit of“solidarity,friendship,and cooperation,”both sides have explored independent development paths and confronted global challenges together.
文摘Tolerance,coexistence,exchanges and mutual learning among different civilisations play an irreplaceable role in advancing humanity's modernisation process when the future of all countries are closely connected.
文摘从鲜花供品到静居日,从梯田游览到海浪驰骋,巴厘岛让我们放慢脚步,瞬间发现喜悦。Imagine a vacation that feels like stepping into a reallife adventure game.That's Bali!Its special secret is called"menyama braya,"which means living peacefully with everything and everyone.
基金supported by the Project for Endangered Wildlife Investigation,Supervision and Industry Regulation of the National Forestry and Grassland Bureau of China(202407-HN-001)the Project for Endangered Wildlife Protection of Hunan Forestry Bureau of China(HNYB-2024001).
文摘Animals living in syntopy share acoustic space.Asian horned frogs are well known for their sympatric distribution,but little is known about their strategies to avoid acoustic niche competition.This study focused on three sympatric Boulenophrys frog species from southern China—B.nanlingensis,B.ombrophila,and B.shimentaina,with the former two species call in similar frequencies but breed in different seasons.First,we checked the call variation during the change of individual body size and the ambient air temperature in three species.We have found call frequencies were the most static parameters in each species that were associated with body size and contributed most to species identifcation.Temporal call parameters shift with temperature but are mostly infuenced by low temperatures.Second,we checked the interactions between the environment and call properties.The calling site preferences of each species corresponded well with the prediction of the acoustic adaptation hypothesis(in view of higher frequency better transmission in open habitat),and species with similar call frequencies have some aspects of common calling sites.Third,we checked the species–species interaction by using playback tests with male B.nanlingensis.Results from playback experiments showed species that call at similar frequencies could hardly share the same habitat during the same season.These fndings expanded the knowledge of acoustic coexistence in closely related anuran species and provided insights into the vocal behavior of Asian horned frogs.
文摘Scholars and volunteers have been dedicated to working together with local residence for nearly two decades to protect nature.AS the awareness of both the government and the general public has grown regarding environmental protection,it has become a general consensus that ecosystems need to be protected by relying on local guardians with broad societal support and participation.
基金supported by the Educational Commission of Anhui Province of China(No.KJ2021A0168)the Research Fund of Anhui Agricultural University(No.rc422112).
文摘The environmental impacts of acid mine drainage(AMD)from open-pit mining are profoundly detrimental,yet knowledge about its effects on paddy soil microbial communities,especially at greater depths,remains limited.In this investigation,we compared soils affected by AMD versus unaffected soil depth profiles in terms of bacterial diversity and community assembly.The profiles in AMD-polluted soils exhibited tight geochemical gradients,characterized by increased acidity,SO_(4)^(2-),NO_(3)^(-),and heavy metal content compared to unpolluted soils.Notably,AMD significantly diminished soil bacterial biodiversity.A depthwise analysis showed distinct microbial stratification,with certain bacteria like Candidatus_Solibacter and Candidatus_Koribacter predominated in polluted soils,while others like Haliangium and Nitrospira were more prevalent in control soils.Interestingly,despite variable soil conditions,predictedmetabolic pathways,particularly those involving carbon,nitrogen,and sulfur,showed relative stability.AMD pollution induced the upregulation of methylcoenzyme M reductase and sulfate reductase genes.Bacterial communities were more responsive to pH and nutrient content rather than heavy metals,with pH and SO_(4)^(2-)being the primary drivers of microbial diversity and distribution.Additionally,pHwas identified as the most significant influence on the predicted methane,sulfur,and nitrogen metabolism.Furthermore,deterministic processes played a more significant role in community assembly of polluted soils,while heterogeneous selection gained importance with increasing depth in control soils.Additionally,microbial co-occurrences,particularly positive interactions,were more prevalent in the polluted soils with reduced network modularity and keystone taxa.These findings offer insights into sustaining microbial diversity in extreme environments.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Grant No.2024AFD068).
文摘In recent years,the phenomenon of multistability has attracted wide attention.In this paper,a memristive chaotic system with extreme multistability is constructed by using a memristor.The dynamic behavior of the system is analyzed by Poincar´e mapping,a time series diagram,and a bifurcation diagram.The results show that the new system has several significant characteristics.First,the new system has a constant Lyapunov exponent,transient chaos and one complete Feigenbaum tree.Second,the system has the phenomenon of bifurcation map shifts that depend on the initial conditions.In addition,we find periodic bursting oscillations,chaotic bursting oscillations,and the transition of chaotic bursting oscillations to periodic bursting oscillations.In particular,when the system parameters take different discrete values,the system generates a bubble phenomenon that varies with the initial conditions,and this bubble can be shifted with the initial values,which has rarely been seen in the previous literature.The implementation by field-programmable gate array(FPGA)and analog circuit simulation show close alignment with the MATLAB numerical simulation results,validating the system’s realizability.Additionally,the image encryption algorithm integrating DNA-based encoding and chaotic systems further demonstrates its practical applicability.
文摘This article discusses the coexistence of prostate adenocarcinoma and prostate urothelial carcinoma.Combining existing literature and research results,the potential mechanisms of the co-occurrence of these two cancers are explored,including the role of androgen receptor,gene mutations,and their complex interactions in cell signaling pathways,etc.Also,the hypothesis of prostate cancer transformation into urothelial carcinoma is explained from some perspectives,including tumor multipotent stem cell differentiation,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,mesenchymal-epithelial transition,and other mechanisms.Ultimately,the goal is to provide more accurate diagnoses and more personalized treatments in clinical practice,as well as to lay the foundation for improving patient prognoses in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Approval Number:52404270)Postdoctoral Innovative Talent Support Program(BX20230427)+2 种基金Postdoctoral Surface Fund Grants(2023M743874)Research Start-up Fund of China University of Petroleum(Beijing)(2462023XKBH017)Fundamental Research Project Grant of China Academy of Safety Science and Technology(2023JBKY07)。
文摘Gas explosions are a frequent hazard in underground confined spaces in the process of urban development.Liquid sedimentary layers,commonly present in these environments,have not been sufficiently studied in terms of their impact on explosion dynamics.This study aims to investigate how gas-liquid two-phase environments in confined underground spaces affect the explosion characteristics of natural gas.To achieve this,experiments are conducted to examine the propagation of natural gas explosions in water and diesel layers,focusing on the influence of liquid properties and the liquid fullness degree(Lx)on explosion behavior.The results indicate that the presence of a liquid layer after the initial ignition stage significantly attenuates both the peak overpressure and the rise speed of pressure,in comparison to the natural gas conditions.During the subsequent explosive reaction,the evaporation and combustion of the diesel surface resulted in a distinct double-peak pressure rise profile in the diesel layer,with the second peak notably exceeding the first peak.Under conditions with a liquid sedimentary layer,the flame propagation velocities range from 6.53 to 34.1 m/s,while the overpressure peaks vary between 0.157 and 0.255 MPa.The explosion duration in both the water and diesel layer environments is approximately twice as long as that of the natural gas explosion,although the underlying mechanisms differ.In the diesel layer,the prolonged explosion time is attributed to the evaporation and combustion of the diesel,while in the water layer,the flame propagation velocity is significantly reduced.Under the experimental conditions,the maximum explosion energy reached 7.15×10~6J,corresponding to a TNT equivalent of 1.7.The peak overpressure surpassed the threshold for human fatality as defined by overpressure standards,posing a potential risk of damage to large steel-frame structures.The explosion shockwave in diesel layer conditions(L_(d)=0%,5%,7.5%,12.5%)and water layer(L_(w)=12.5%)conditions is observed to be sufficient to damage earthquake-resistant reinforced concrete.This study investigates the impact of sediment layer thickness and composition on gas explosions,and evaluates the associated explosion energy to assess human injuries and structural damage in underground environments.The findings of this study provide a scientific reference for urban underground safety.
文摘What will our life be like in the future?With the development of science and technology,our life will get better and much more colorful.I think there must be great changes taking place in the future.Maybe cars will move on the way without drivers.Some cities will be built under the sea and humans will live with sea animals.Robots will help us cook food and do some cleaning.
基金the support from Graduate Student Scientific Research Innovation Projects in Jiangsu Province(KYCX22_3804)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20210888).
文摘Resource utilization of metallurgical solid waste is vital for the sustainable development of the steel industry in the context of“dual carbon.”The calcification-carbothermal reduction method was employed to extract zinc and iron from electric furnace dust effectively.In this process,calcium oxide reacts with zinc ferrite to form dicalcium ferrite and zinc oxide,which further promotes the effective separation of zinc and iron.However,the addition of pure calcium oxide increases production costs for steel companies.Herein,a new process for dust removal and zinc recovery in electric furnaces has been developed,using electric furnace slag as a calcium agent and mineral trough ash as a reducing agent.Large amounts of dicalcium ferrate phases were detected in the carbothermal reduction products by steel slag synergistic calcification.The reaction mechanism was determined as ZnFe_(2)O_(4)+CaO→Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5)+ZnO→Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5)+Zn(g).Such a two-step reaction path indicated that steel slag can effectively promote the reduction and volatilization of zinc.The experimental optimal roasting parameters were determined as roasting temperature of 1150℃,roasting time of 45 min,calcium to zinc molar ratio of 1.1,and carbon to oxygen molar ratio of 0.8.The mass percentage of added steel slag was recorded as 21.83%,while that of mineral trough ash was 21.85%.Under these conditions,the zinc removal rate above 99%and the metallization rate of pellets of about 75.31%were achieved.Overall,the proposed method looks promising for future efficient separation of zinc and iron in industrial steel slag.
基金supported by grants from the US National Science Foundation(Nos.1911955,2200310)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFF0806900)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2021TQ0072,2021M700835).
文摘Accurate and timely large-scale paddy rice maps with remote sensing are essential for crop monitoring and management and are used for assessing its impacts on food security,water resource management,and transmission of zoonotic infectious diseases.Optical image-based paddy rice mapping studies employed the unique spectral feature during the flooding/transplanting period of paddy rice.However,the lack of high-quality observations during the flooding/transplanting stage caused by rain and clouds and spectral similarity between paddy rice and natural wetlands often introduce errors in paddy rice identification,especially in paddy rice and wetland coexistent areas.In this study,we used a knowledge-based algorithm and time series observation from optical images(Sentinel-2 and Landsat 7/8)and microwave images(Sentinel-1)to address these issues.The final 10-m paddy rice map had user’s accuracy,producer’s accuracy,F1-score,and overall accuracy of 0.91±0.004,0.74±0.010,0.82,and 0.98±0.001(±value is the standard error),respectively.Over half(62.0%)of the paddy rice pixels had a confidence level of 1(detected by both optical images and microwave images),while 38.0%had a confidence level of 0.5(detected by either optical images or microwave images).The estimated paddy rice area in northeast China for 2020 was 60.83±0.86×10^(3)km^(2).Provincial and municipal rice areas in our data set agreed well with other existing paddy rice data sets and the Agricultural Statistical Yearbooks.These findings indicate that knowledge-based paddy rice mapping algorithms and a combination of optical and microwave images hold great potential for timely and frequently accurate paddy rice mapping in large-scale complex landscapes.
基金Supported by the Anhui Province Graduate Education Quality Engineering Project(2022jyjxggyj168)Anhui Province Higher Education Provincial-Level Quality Engineering Major Project(2022jcbs020)Anhui Province Higher Education Provincial-Level Quality Engineering General Project(2022jyxm527).
文摘In order to understand the transmission mechanism of West Nile virus(WNv)in birds(especially crows)and mosquitoes populations,this paper extends the traditional ordinary differential model of WNv to a reaction-diffusion system with more complex cross-diffusion.We explore the relationship between the basic reproduction number and cross-diffusion coefficients involving various parameters,and investigate the effect of vertical transmission of the virus on the transmission mechanism.We use the method of upper and lower solutions to investigate the existence of the coexistence solutions.The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show that the WNv carried by birds and mosquitoes will coexist when the low-risk threshold R0*≥1,which is a disadvantage to the prevention and control of this virus,and disappear when the high-risk threshold R*0≤1,which is an advantage to that.
基金supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research[Grant No.19H02992]Grant for the Environmental Research Projects,the Sumitomo Foundation[Grant No.2230116].
文摘Understanding water uptake depth and its relationship with functional traits offers valuable insights into resource-use partitioning among coexisting tree species as well as forest responses to drought.However,knowledge about water uptake patterns in vertical soil layers,especially among increasingly widespread secondary forest tree species,remains limited.In this study,we investigated interspecific and seasonal variations in water uptake depth among seven coexisting tree species over a 2-year period in a warm-temperate secondary forest in central Japan.We also analyzed the relationships of water uptake depth with tree height and functional traits,including specific leaf area(SLA),leaf dry matter content(LDMC),leaf nitrogen(N)content,and wood density(WD),to discern resource-use and-acquisition strategies.Results revealed that taller trees,especially when soil water is scarce,tend to access deeper soil water sources,indicating that water source partitioning is correlated with tree height.This interspecific and temporal variation in water sources likely stratifies trees to facilitate coexistence within the forest.Water uptake depth was primarily associated with WD and LDMC:trees absorbing more water from shallow soils during dry conditions exhibited lower WD and LDMC,indicating a proactive resource-use strategy.Conversely,SLA and leaf N content were orthogonal to water uptake depth,suggesting that strategies for acquiring belowground and aboveground resources may differ.Considering the alternation of tree species composition during secondary forest succession,our study highlights the importance of further data collection regarding root water uptake depth along successional stages to understand dynamic shifts in water uptake sources.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62293495)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB3306900)the Academic Excellence Foundation of BUAA for ph.D Students,China。
文摘Airborne pulse radar and communication systems are essential for precise detection and collision avoidance,ensuring that aircraft operate safely and efficiently.A major challenge in spectrum sharing is the allocation of resources in both the time and frequency domains,aiming to minimize inter-system interference as the available spectrum fluctuates over time.In this paper,regarding maximization of detection probability and spectrum utilization efficiency as two fundamental objectives,a novel Dynamic Spectrum and Power Allocation based on Genetic Algorithm(GA-DSPA)model is proposed,which dynamically allocates communication channel frequency and power under the constraints of pulse radar detection probability and signal-to-interferenceplus-noise ratio of communication.To solve this bi-objective model,a non-dominated sortingbased multi-objective genetic algorithm is developed.A novel environment perception strategy and offspring sorting technique based on radar echoes are integrated into the optimization framework.Simulation results indicate that by integrating environmental monitoring mechanisms and dynamic adaptation strategies,the proposed method effectively tracks the evolving Paretooptimal Fronts(Po Fs),thereby ensuring optimal performance for both co-located pulse radar and communication systems.Hardware test results confirm that within the GA-DSPA framework,the pulse radar achieves higher detection probabilities under identical conditions,while the communication system realizes increased average throughput.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12275115 and 12175097)the National Science Centre of Poland(No.2023/49/B/ST2/01294).
文摘This study explores the phenomenon of shape coexistence in nuclei around^(172)Hg,with a focus on the isotopes^(170)Pt,^(172)Hg,and^(174)Pb,as well as the^(170)Pt to^(180)Pt isotopic chain.Utilizing a macro-microscopic approach that incorporates the Lublin-Strasbourg Drop model combined with a Yukawa-Folded potential and pairing corrections,we analyze the potential energy surfaces(PESs)to understand the impact of pairing interaction.For^(170)Pt,the PES exhibited a prolate ground state,with additional triaxial and oblate-shaped isomers.In^(172)Hg,the ground-state deformation transitions from triaxial to oblate with increasing pairing interaction,demonstrating its nearlyγ-unstable nature.Three shape isomers(prolate,triaxial,and oblate)were observed,with increased pairing strength leading to the disappearance of the triaxial isomer.^(174)Pb exhibited a prolate ground state that became increasingly spherical with stronger pairing.While shape isomers were present at lower pairing strengths,robust shape coexistence was not observed.For realistic pairing interaction,the ground-state shapes transitioned from prolate in^(170)Pt to a coexistence ofγ-unstable and oblate shapes in^(172)Hg,ultimately approaching spherical symmetry in^(174)Pb.A comparison between Exact and Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer(BCS)pairing demonstrated that BCS pairing tends to smooth out shape coexistence and reduce the depth of the shape isomer,leading to less pronounced deformation features.The PESs for even-even^(170)-180 Pt isotopes revealed significant shape evolution.^(170)Pt showed a prolate ground state,whereas^(172)Pt exhibited both triaxial and prolate shape coexistence.In^(174)Pt,the ground state was triaxial,coexisted with a prolate minimum.For^(176)Pt,aγ-unstable ground state coexists with a prolate minimum.By 178 Pt and 180Pt,a dominant prolate minimum emerged.These results highlight the role of shape coexistence andγ-instability in the evolution of nuclear structure,especially in the mid-shell region.These findings highlight the importance of pairing interactions in nuclear deformation and shape coexistence,providing insights into the structural evolution of mid-shell nuclei.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160406).
文摘Amid global precipitation changes,it remains unclear whether hydrological niche separation(HNS)mechanisms apply to herbaceous plant communities in desert steppes are severely affected by seasonal drought.How these plants access limited water and tolerate drought to coexist also remains unverified.In this study,we employed stable isotope techniques to examine water acquisition and drought adaptation in coexisting species of the desert steppe in northern China under five precipitation treatments,i.e.,decreased 50%,decreased 30%,ambient,increased 30%,and increased 50%precipitation.The following results showed that:(1)water sources of coexisting species shifted with changes in precipitation amount and timing,i.e.,all coexisting plants exhibited preferential utilization of surface soil moisture.When surface soil moisture was scarce,they shifted to deeper water sources,and when deep water sources remained scarce,they were forced to compete more intensely for surface water sources;(2)community's HNS was affected by precipitation amount but not by timing,i.e.,with adequate soil moisture,plant water source ranges expanded,reducing overlap and enhancing HNS,whereas under extreme drought,the range contracted and increased the overlap,although HNS remained stable;and(3)water acquisition strategies of coexisting species differed along hydrological niche axis defined by water stress adaptability(i.e.,stable carbon isotope composition and proline content).Convolvulus ammannii Desr.had the strongest drought adaptation,although its strategy showed a weak correlation with water uptake.Stipa breviflora Griseb.,with moderate drought resistance,adopted a water-conserving strategy that was suitable for extreme drought.Leymus secalinus(Georgi)Tzvelev,Polygala tenuifolia Willd.,and Larix potaninii Batalin showed resource-dependent and flexible water strategies,thriving in wetter soils but struggling under extreme drought.Our findings indicated that herbaceous species in desert steppes adapted their water uptake and drought tolerance strategies according to changes in precipitation amount and timing.As a core regulatory mechanism,HNS(under increasing precipitation variability due to climate change)not only supports species coexistence by reducing interspecific competition,but also promotes efficient soil moisture use.This mechanism enhances community drought resistance and contributes to ecosystem stability.Overall,this study provides key ecological evidence for understanding plant community adaptation in arid and semi-arid areas facing the influence of global climate change.
基金phased achievement of the Yunnan Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Innovation Team project titled Research on Ethnic Issues and Their Impact in Northern Myanmar(No.2025CX09).
文摘Over 70 years ago,China proposed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence,which were first embraced by countries such as Myanmar and gradually gained traction across Asia.The Five Principles eventually became widely recognized norms in international relations and foundational principles of international law,contributing significantly to the post-World War II international order.Decades on,the Five Principles have not faded into history.Rather,they have demonstrated renewed relevance in today’s complex global landscape.
