Long-chain acyl coenzyme A synthetase(ACSL) is a member of the synthetase family encoded by a multigene family;it plays an important role in the absorption and transport of fatty acid.Here we review the roles of ACSL ...Long-chain acyl coenzyme A synthetase(ACSL) is a member of the synthetase family encoded by a multigene family;it plays an important role in the absorption and transport of fatty acid.Here we review the roles of ACSL in the regulating absorption and transport of fatty acid,as well as the connection between ACSL and some metabolic diseases.展开更多
In order to explore the effect and mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） on the activity of the acyl coenzyme A： cholesteryl acyltransferase （ACAT）, THP-I monocytes were cul- tured and induced to differ...In order to explore the effect and mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） on the activity of the acyl coenzyme A： cholesteryl acyltransferase （ACAT）, THP-I monocytes were cul- tured and induced to differentiate into macrophages with phorbol ester. TNF-α （60 ng/mL） was added at different time points into the macrophage-containing medium and the ACAT enzyme activity was measured by quantifying the incorporation of [1-^14C] oleoyl CoA into cholesteryl esters. The expression of ACAT-1 protein and mRNA was respectively detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR in THP-1 macrophages 24 h after treatment with TNF-α （60 ng/mL）. The results indicated that ACAT activity in THP-I macrophages treated with TNF-α was increased in a time-dependent manner. The expression levels of ACAT-1 protein and mRNA were significantly increased in THP-I macrophages after treatment with TNF-α （P〈0.05）. It was suggested that TNF-α could increase the activity of ACAT in THP-1 macrophages by up-regulating the expression of ACAT-1 gene.展开更多
In order to investigate the enzymatic properties of the 4CL1 of Populus tomentosa, the recombinant expression vector pQE31-4CL 1 was constructed. The recombinant was identified by three restriction endonucleases, then...In order to investigate the enzymatic properties of the 4CL1 of Populus tomentosa, the recombinant expression vector pQE31-4CL 1 was constructed. The recombinant was identified by three restriction endonucleases, then the vector pQE31-4CL 1 was transformed into expression host M15 （pREP4） and induced by isopropyl-a-D-thiogalactoside （IPTG） to express 60 kD fused protein Pt4CL1. The biologically active Pt4CL1, expressed as soluble protein, was achieved with 0.6 mmol＇L-1 IPTG induction as the expression temperature declined from 37 to 28℃. The 6-His tag facilitates affinity binding to Ni^2＋-nitrolotriacetic acid （NTA） and enables one-step purification to acquire the molecular SDS-PAGE electrophoresis purity of the active 4CL1 protein by agarose coupled with Ni^2＋-NTA affinity chromatography. The optimal substrate for Pt4CL 1 was 4-coumarate.展开更多
Decreased brain levels of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10),an endogenously synthesized lipophilic antioxidant1,2,underpin encephalopathy in primary CoQ10 deficiencies3,4 and are associated with common neurodegenerative diseases an...Decreased brain levels of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10),an endogenously synthesized lipophilic antioxidant1,2,underpin encephalopathy in primary CoQ10 deficiencies3,4 and are associated with common neurodegenerative diseases and the ageing process5,6.CoQ10 supplementation does not increase CoQ10 pools in the brain or in other tissues.展开更多
To the Editor:The recent study by Rochdi et al[1]comparing the effects of two coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)doses(100 mg/day vs.200 mg/day)on male fertility parameters represents a significant advancement in evidence-based treat...To the Editor:The recent study by Rochdi et al[1]comparing the effects of two coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)doses(100 mg/day vs.200 mg/day)on male fertility parameters represents a significant advancement in evidence-based treatment of idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.The findings demonstrate a clear dose-response relationship with profound clinical implications that deserve focused attention.The most compelling finding is the 53%relative increase in pregnancy rates between the higher and lower dose groups(23%vs.15%,P<0.001).This 8-percentage point absolute difference translates to a number needed to treat(NNT)of 12.5,meaning that for every 12-13 men treated with the higher dose instead of the lower dose,one additional pregnancy would be achieved.Given that male factor infertility contributes to approximately 50%of all infertility cases globally,this dose-response relationship has immediate clinical relevance.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of two doses of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)on semen parameters,sperm DNA damage,and the partner pregnancy rate in men with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.Methods:250 patients with id...Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of two doses of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)on semen parameters,sperm DNA damage,and the partner pregnancy rate in men with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.Methods:250 patients with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia were examined.The first group(n=125)received 100 mg/day of CoQ10 and the second group(n=125)received 200 mg/day of CoQ10 orally for 6 months.Semen parameters,DNA fragmentation index(DFI)and the partner pregnancy rate were analyzed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment.Results:Comparing with baseline data,treatment with CoQ10(100 mg/day or 200 mg/day)resulted in a significant increase in sperm concentration(both P<0.001),a significant improvement in progressive motility and total motile sperm count(P=0.05,P=0.001,respectively).The mean DFI was significantly improved after treatment with CoQ10 at 100 mg/day and at 200 mg/day,after 6 months of treatment(P<0.01).Moreover,CoQ10 significantly improved the partner pregnancy rate.A strongest correlation was found between seminal fluid parameters and DFI(P<0.001).Conclusions:CoQ10 is effective in improving semen parameters,DFI and on the partner pregnancy rate after 6 months with CoQ10 at two doses,with a greater improvement shown in men who took 200 mg/day than in those who took 100 mg/day.展开更多
4-Coumarate ： coenzyme A Ilgase （4CL） Is one of the key enzymes In phenylpropanoid metabolism leading to series of phenollcs, Including water-soluble phenolic acids, which are important compounds determining the me...4-Coumarate ： coenzyme A Ilgase （4CL） Is one of the key enzymes In phenylpropanoid metabolism leading to series of phenollcs, Including water-soluble phenolic acids, which are important compounds determining the medicinal quality of Danshen （Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge）, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. To Investigate the function of 4CL in the biosynthesis of water-soluble phenolic acid in Danshen, we have cloned two cDNAs （Sm4CL1 and Sm4CL2） encoding divergent 4CL members by applying nested reverse transcrlptlon-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） with degenerate primers followed by 5′/3′rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE） （Note, these sequence data have been submitted to the GenBank database under accession numbers AY237163 and AY237164）. Either of the coding regions was inserted into a pRSET vector and a kinetic assay was performed with purified recombinant proteins. The substrate utilization profile of Sm4CL1 was distinct from that of Sm4CL2. The Km values of Sm4CL1 and Sm4CL2 to 4-coumarlc acid were （72.20±4.10） and （6.50±1.45） μmol/L, respectively. These results, In conjunction with Northern blotting and other information, imply that Sm4CL2 may play an Important role in the biosynthesis of watersoluble phenolic compounds, whereas Sm4CL1 may play a minor role in the pathway. Southern blotting analysis suggested that both Sm4CL1 and Sm4CL2 genes are present as a single copy and are located at different sites In the genome.展开更多
Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of the Xiaozheng Tongluo method on lipid metabolism in liver tissue based on the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2/(SREBP2)/3-hyd...Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of the Xiaozheng Tongluo method on lipid metabolism in liver tissue based on the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2/(SREBP2)/3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase(HMGCR)/low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR) signaling pathway. Materials and Methods: C57BL/6 mice were selected as the blank group. The apolipoprotein E-deficient(Apo E^(-/-)) mice were randomly divided into the model group, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) group, and control group. The general condition of the mice was determined by the mouse's state and liver weight. Liver hematoxylin and eosin staining and Oil Red O staining were used to observe the pathological changes and lipid droplet deposition of the liver. The protein expression levels of SREBP2, HMGCR, and LDLR were detected by Western blotting and polymerase chain reaction. Results:(1) The rats in the model group were in poor condition, and their liver weight increased significantly. Compared with the model group, the condition of the TCM group and the control group improved to varying degrees, and their liver weight decreased significantly.(2) Compared with the normal group, the hepatocytes in the model group were arranged in a disorderly manner,and the red-stained lipids of stem cells increased significantly. Compared with the model group, the degree of liver lesions in the control group and TCM group was reduced, and the red-stained lipid of hepatocytes was significantly reduced.(3) Compared with the blank group, the expression of SREBP2 and HMGCR protein in the model group increased significantly, and the expression of LDLR protein decreased significantly(P < 0.05).Compared with the model group, the expression of SREBP2 and HMGCR protein in the TCM group decreased significantly, and the expression of LDLR protein increased significantly(P < 0.05). Conclusions: The method detailed in this paper can increase the expression of SREBP2 and HMGCR protein and decrease the expression of LDLR protein, thus regulating liver cholesterol metabolism and delaying the progression of atherosclerosis.展开更多
To examine how coenzyme Q10（CoQ10） regulates immunity, experiments using low, middle and high doses of CoQ10 were conducted in mice to confirm its non-toxicity and non-genotoxicity. Delayed type hypersensitivity（DT...To examine how coenzyme Q10（CoQ10） regulates immunity, experiments using low, middle and high doses of CoQ10 were conducted in mice to confirm its non-toxicity and non-genotoxicity. Delayed type hypersensitivity（DTH） and MTT assays were used to to examine various lymphocyte transformations, the proliferation of antibody-producing cells, the phagocytotsis activity of macrophages, and the activity of nature killer cell（NK）. High-dose（0.50 g/kg.bw） CoQ10 increased DTH levels and promoted the proliferation of antibody-producing cells and levels of red blood cell hemolysis. Medium and high doses enhanced the phagocytic ratio of macrophages but did not influence other indexes. These results showed that the applied CoQ10 did not exhibit any toxicity or genotoxicity, and CoQ10 can actually improve immunologic function in mice.展开更多
CoQ is an essential electron cartier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. It consists of a benzoquinone head group and a hydrophobic polyisoprenoid tail. The genes （COQ1-9） invo...CoQ is an essential electron cartier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. It consists of a benzoquinone head group and a hydrophobic polyisoprenoid tail. The genes （COQ1-9） involved in CoQ biosynthesis have been characterized in yeast. In this study, we generated and molecularly characterized a mutant allele of a novel Drosophila gene, sbo, which encodes a protein that is predicted to catalyze the prenylation of p-hydroxybenzoate with the isoprenoid chain during the process of CoQ synthesis. Expression of sbo in yeast rescues the lethality of ACOQ2 mutant cells, indicating that sbo is a functional homolog of COQ2. HPLC results show that the levels of CoQ9 and COQlo were significantly reduced in sbo heterozygous adult flies. Furthermore, the mean lifespans of males and females heterozygous for sbo are extended by 12.5% and 30.8%, respectively. Homozygous sbo animals exhibit reduced activities of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling （IIS） pathway. Taken together, we conclude that sbo is an essential gene for Drosophila development, mutation of which leads to an extension of lifespan most likely by altering endogenous CoQ biosynthesis.展开更多
Escherichia coli BW25113 was metabolically engineered for CoQ10 production by replacing ispB with ddsA from Gluconobacter suboxydans.Effects of precursor balance and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate...Escherichia coli BW25113 was metabolically engineered for CoQ10 production by replacing ispB with ddsA from Gluconobacter suboxydans.Effects of precursor balance and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate （NADPH） availability on CoQ10 production in E.coli were investigated.The knockout of pykFA along with pck overexpression could maintain a balance between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate,increasing CoQ10 production.Replacement of native NAD-dependent gapA with NADP-dependent gapC from Clostridium acetobutylicum,together with the overexpression of gapC,could increase NADPH availability and then enhanced CoQ10 production.Three effects,overexpressions of various genes in CoQ biosynthesis and central metabolism,different vectors and culture conditions on CoQ10 production in E.coli,were all investigated.The investigation of different vectors indicated that low copy number vector may be more beneficial for CoQ10 production in E.coli.The recombinant E.coli （△ispB：：ddsA,△pykFA and △gapA：：gapC）,harboring the two plasmids encoding pck,dxs,idi and ubiCA genes under the control of PT5 on pQE30,ispA,ddsA from Gluconobacter suboxydans and gapC from Clostridium acetobutylicum under the control of PBAD on pBAD33,could produce CoQ10 up to 3.24 mg·g-1 dry cell mass simply by changing medium from M9YG to SOB with phosphate salt and initial culture pH from 7.0 to 5.5.The yield is unprecedented and 1.33 times of the highest production so far in E.coli.展开更多
A simulated landfill anaerobic bioreactor was used to characterize the anaerobic biodegradation and biogas generation of organic waste which was mainly composed of residuals of vegetables and foods. We investigated th...A simulated landfill anaerobic bioreactor was used to characterize the anaerobic biodegradation and biogas generation of organic waste which was mainly composed of residuals of vegetables and foods. We investigated the dynamics of the coenzyme F420 activity and determined correlations between biogas yields, methane yields, methane concentration and coenzyme F420 activity. The experiment was carded out under different conditions from control without any treatment, addition of Fe^3＋, microorganism inoculation to a combination of Fe3＋ addition and inoculation at a temperature of 36±2℃. The experiment was lasted 120 d and coenzyme F420 activity was analyzed using ultraviolet spectrophotornetry. Experimental results indicated that activity of the coenzyme F420 treated by Fe and microorganism inoculation increased substantially. The waste treated by inoculation had the greatest increase. When the waste was treated by Fe^3＋, inoculation and the combination of Fe^3＋ and inoculation, biogas yields increased by 46.9%, 132.6% and 153.1%, respectively; while the methane yields increased 4, 97 and 98 times. Methane concentration varied between 0 and 6% in the control reactor, from 0 to 14% for waste treated by the addition of Fe^3＋, from 0 to 59% for waste treated by inoculation and from 0 to 63% for waste treated by Fe^3＋ addition and inoculation. Correlations between coenzyme F420 activity and biogas production, methane production and methane concentration proved to be positively significant （p〈0.05）, except for the control. Consequently, coenzyme F420 activity could be used as an index for monitoring the activity of methanogens during anaerobic biodegradation of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste.展开更多
Coenzyme Q10 is widely used in food,cosmetics and pharmaceuticals,possessing a broad market.Rhodobacter sphaeroides is enriched in natural coenzyme Q10 and is becoming an important microorganism for producing natural ...Coenzyme Q10 is widely used in food,cosmetics and pharmaceuticals,possessing a broad market.Rhodobacter sphaeroides is enriched in natural coenzyme Q10 and is becoming an important microorganism for producing natural coenzyme Q10.The paper reviewed the biosynthesis pathways of coenzyme Q10 in R.sphaeroides and the advances in enhancement of coenzyme Q10 production in R.sphaeroides based on metabolic engineering.展开更多
Photocatalytic oxidation of primary and secondary benzyl alcohol to corresponding benzaldehyde or acetophenone using Acr＋Cl04- or PhAcr＋Cl04- as photocatalysts under visible light irradiation at room temperature.
Objective:To investigate the effects of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)supplementation on post-vitrification embryo development and gross morphology.Methods:Balb/c mouse embryos were cultured in potassium simplex optimised medium...Objective:To investigate the effects of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)supplementation on post-vitrification embryo development and gross morphology.Methods:Balb/c mouse embryos were cultured in potassium simplex optimised medium(KSOM)with varying CoQ10 concentrations[0(control),20,40,and 60μM].The most effective CoQ10 concentration(40μM)was selected for subsequent post-vitrification morphology study.Embryos were randomly divided into four groups:Group A(non-vitrified without CoQ10),Group B(non-vitrified with CoQ10),Group C(vitrified without CoQ10),and Group D(vitrified with CoQ10),followed by vitrification at the 8-cell stage.Survival rates and development until the blastocyst stage were evaluated through morphological examinations using ASEBIR's system,distinguishing normal and abnormal embryos.Results:Supplementation of 40μM CoQ10 significantly increased blastocyst formation(95%)compared to the control group(92%),20μM(62%),and 60μM(56%)(P<0.001).Following vitrification,Group D exhibited a significant increase in blastocyst formation(92%)compared to Group C(82%)(P<0.05).Morphological assessments indicated superior embryo quality in Group B over Group D during the cleavage stage,morula,and blastocyst(P<0.05).Conclusions:CoQ10 supplementation exhibits promising potential to enhance preimplantation embryo development,increase blastocyst formation rates,and improve embryo quality post-vitrification.This offers a promising approach to mitigate oxidative stress on embryos,potentially improving overall assisted reproductive technology outcomes.展开更多
Glaucoma, the leading cause of visual impairment and irreversible blindness worldwide, is a multifactorial, progressive optic neuropathy characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells, alterations of the optic nerve ...Glaucoma, the leading cause of visual impairment and irreversible blindness worldwide, is a multifactorial, progressive optic neuropathy characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells, alterations of the optic nerve head, and specific visual field defects. Clinical evidence shows that intraocular pressure is the major risk factor of the treatable disease. However, in some patients, glaucoma develops and continues to progress despite normal intraocular pressure values, suggesting that other risk factors are involved in the disease. Consequently, neuroprotective treatments, focused on preventing retinal ganglion cells death by acting on different therapeutic strategies but not focused on intraocular pressure reduction, has therefore become of great interest. In this contest, coenzyme Q10, showing evidence in slowing or reversing pathological changes typical of the disease, has been proposed as a potential neuroprotective agent in glaucoma. In this review, we describe the possible mechanisms of action of coenzyme Q10 and the recent evidence in literature regarding the neuroprotective activity of the molecule.展开更多
This observational cohort study investigated the potential of a novel sperm-washing medium(SWM)enriched with serotonin(5-HT),L-carnitine(L-C),and coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)to enhance sperm motility and reduce DNA damage.It c...This observational cohort study investigated the potential of a novel sperm-washing medium(SWM)enriched with serotonin(5-HT),L-carnitine(L-C),and coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)to enhance sperm motility and reduce DNA damage.It compared this innovative medium(5-HT/L-C/CoQ10 SWM)with two widely used commercial media(SWM 1 and SWM 2).Ninety-eight volunteers from an infertility clinic provided semen samples,which were divided into three aliquots for analysis in different SWMs:group 1,SWM was composed of hydroxyethyl piperazineethanesulfonic acid(HEPES),sodium bicarbonate,human serum albumin(HSA),taurine,and gentamicin sulfate(SWM 1);group 2,SWM was composed of HEPES,sodium bicarbonate,and HSA(SWM 2);and group 3,SWM was composed of HEPES-buffered human tubal fluid supplemented with 5-HT,L-C,and CoQ10(5-HT/L-C/CoQ10 SWM).Sperm motility was categorized as progressive,nonprogressive,or immotile.Apoptosis,reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,and DNA fragmentation were also assessed.There were no significant differences in total or progressive sperm motility among the groups.Spermatozoa in group 3 exhibited reduced apoptosis,necrosis,and ROS levels and increased viability.No significant differences were observed in the DNA fragmentation index among groups.The 5-HT/L-C/CoQ10 SWM reduced sperm oxidative stress and apoptosis compared with those of the two commercially available SWMs,suggesting that 5-HT/L-C/CoQ10 SWM could be useful for enhancing in vitro fertilization success rates.展开更多
In order to increase the production efficiency of coenzyme Q10, the original strain Agrobacterium tumefaciens ATCC 4452 was mutated by means of Nitrogen ions implantation. A mutant strain, ATX 12, with high contents o...In order to increase the production efficiency of coenzyme Q10, the original strain Agrobacterium tumefaciens ATCC 4452 was mutated by means of Nitrogen ions implantation. A mutant strain, ATX 12, with high contents of coenzyme Q10 was selected. Subsequently, the conditions such as carbohydrate concentration, nitrogen source concentration, inoculum＇s size, seed age, aeration and temperature which might affect the production of CoQ10 were investigated in detail. Under optimal conditions, the maximum concentration of the intracellular CoQ10 reached 200.3 mg/L after 80 h fed-batch fermentation, about 245% increasing in CoQ10 production after ion implantation, compared to the original strain.展开更多
Background Fertility declines in high-parity sows.This study investigated whether parity-dependent declines in embryonic survival and reproductive performance could be restored by dietary coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)supplement...Background Fertility declines in high-parity sows.This study investigated whether parity-dependent declines in embryonic survival and reproductive performance could be restored by dietary coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)supplementation.Methods Two experiments were performed.In Exp.1,30 young sows that had completed their 2nd parity and 30 high-parity sows that had completed their 10^(th)parity,were fed either a control diet(CON)or a CON diet supple-mented with 1 g/kg CoQ10(+CoQ10)from mating until slaughter at day 28 of gestation.In Exp.2,a total of 314 post-weaning sows with two to nine parities were fed the CON or+CoQ10 diets from mating throughout gestation.Results In Exp.1,both young and high-parity sows had a similar number of corpora lutea,but high-parity sows had lower plasma CoQ10 concentrations,down-regulated genes involved with de novo CoQ10 synthesis in the endome-trium tissues,and greater levels of oxidative stress markers in plasma and endometrium tissues.High-parity sows had fewer total embryos and alive embryos,lower embryonic survival,and greater embryo mortality than young sows.Dietary CoQ10 supplementation increased the number of live embryos and the embryonic survival rate to levels simi-lar to those of young sows,as well as lowering the levels of oxidative stress markers.In Exp.2,sows showed a parity-dependent decline in plasma CoQ10 levels,and sows with more than four parities showed a progressive decline in the number of total births,live births,and piglets born effective.Dietary supplementation with CoQ10 increased the number of total births,live births,and born effective,and decreased the intra-litter covariation coefficients and the percentage of sows requiring farrowing assistance during parturition.Conclusions Dietary CoQ10 supplementation can improve the embryonic survival and reproductive performance of gestating sows with high parity,probably by improving the development of uterine function.展开更多
For the sake of improving patient compliance and sustainability of chemotherapy healthcare system, both TC and CoQ10 were formulated as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). The study was focused on establishing and valid...For the sake of improving patient compliance and sustainability of chemotherapy healthcare system, both TC and CoQ10 were formulated as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). The study was focused on establishing and validating a simple and reproducible spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of TC and CoQ10 in their binary mixture or pharmaceutical dosage forms. A new method based on simultaneous estimation of drug mixture without prior separation was developed. Validation parameters were checked with International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The accuracy and reproducibility of proposed method was statistically compared to HPLC. The TC and CoQ10 were quantified at absorptivity wavelengths of 236 nm and 275 nm, respectively. Calibration curves obeyed Beer’s law in range of 2–14 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient (R^2) of 0.999 in both methanol and simplified simulated intestinal fluid (SSIF). The %means recovery of TC and Co Q10 in pure state or binary mixture at various concentration levels were all around 100%.The low values of SD and %RSD (<2%) confirm high precision and accuracy of the proposed method. Formulated SLNs showed different %means recovery in range 81–92% for TC and 32–59% for CoQ10. The data obtained by applying simultaneous Vierordt’s equations showed no statistical significance in comparison to HPLC. Vierordt’s method was successfully applied as a simple, accurate, precise, and economical analysis method for estimating TC and CoQ10 concentrations in pure state, binary mixture and pharmaceutical dosage forms.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81373465)
文摘Long-chain acyl coenzyme A synthetase(ACSL) is a member of the synthetase family encoded by a multigene family;it plays an important role in the absorption and transport of fatty acid.Here we review the roles of ACSL in the regulating absorption and transport of fatty acid,as well as the connection between ACSL and some metabolic diseases.
基金This project was supported by a grant from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No. 30170378)
文摘In order to explore the effect and mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） on the activity of the acyl coenzyme A： cholesteryl acyltransferase （ACAT）, THP-I monocytes were cul- tured and induced to differentiate into macrophages with phorbol ester. TNF-α （60 ng/mL） was added at different time points into the macrophage-containing medium and the ACAT enzyme activity was measured by quantifying the incorporation of [1-^14C] oleoyl CoA into cholesteryl esters. The expression of ACAT-1 protein and mRNA was respectively detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR in THP-1 macrophages 24 h after treatment with TNF-α （60 ng/mL）. The results indicated that ACAT activity in THP-I macrophages treated with TNF-α was increased in a time-dependent manner. The expression levels of ACAT-1 protein and mRNA were significantly increased in THP-I macrophages after treatment with TNF-α （P〈0.05）. It was suggested that TNF-α could increase the activity of ACAT in THP-1 macrophages by up-regulating the expression of ACAT-1 gene.
文摘In order to investigate the enzymatic properties of the 4CL1 of Populus tomentosa, the recombinant expression vector pQE31-4CL 1 was constructed. The recombinant was identified by three restriction endonucleases, then the vector pQE31-4CL 1 was transformed into expression host M15 （pREP4） and induced by isopropyl-a-D-thiogalactoside （IPTG） to express 60 kD fused protein Pt4CL1. The biologically active Pt4CL1, expressed as soluble protein, was achieved with 0.6 mmol＇L-1 IPTG induction as the expression temperature declined from 37 to 28℃. The 6-His tag facilitates affinity binding to Ni^2＋-nitrolotriacetic acid （NTA） and enables one-step purification to acquire the molecular SDS-PAGE electrophoresis purity of the active 4CL1 protein by agarose coupled with Ni^2＋-NTA affinity chromatography. The optimal substrate for Pt4CL 1 was 4-coumarate.
文摘Decreased brain levels of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10),an endogenously synthesized lipophilic antioxidant1,2,underpin encephalopathy in primary CoQ10 deficiencies3,4 and are associated with common neurodegenerative diseases and the ageing process5,6.CoQ10 supplementation does not increase CoQ10 pools in the brain or in other tissues.
文摘To the Editor:The recent study by Rochdi et al[1]comparing the effects of two coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)doses(100 mg/day vs.200 mg/day)on male fertility parameters represents a significant advancement in evidence-based treatment of idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.The findings demonstrate a clear dose-response relationship with profound clinical implications that deserve focused attention.The most compelling finding is the 53%relative increase in pregnancy rates between the higher and lower dose groups(23%vs.15%,P<0.001).This 8-percentage point absolute difference translates to a number needed to treat(NNT)of 12.5,meaning that for every 12-13 men treated with the higher dose instead of the lower dose,one additional pregnancy would be achieved.Given that male factor infertility contributes to approximately 50%of all infertility cases globally,this dose-response relationship has immediate clinical relevance.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of two doses of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)on semen parameters,sperm DNA damage,and the partner pregnancy rate in men with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.Methods:250 patients with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia were examined.The first group(n=125)received 100 mg/day of CoQ10 and the second group(n=125)received 200 mg/day of CoQ10 orally for 6 months.Semen parameters,DNA fragmentation index(DFI)and the partner pregnancy rate were analyzed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment.Results:Comparing with baseline data,treatment with CoQ10(100 mg/day or 200 mg/day)resulted in a significant increase in sperm concentration(both P<0.001),a significant improvement in progressive motility and total motile sperm count(P=0.05,P=0.001,respectively).The mean DFI was significantly improved after treatment with CoQ10 at 100 mg/day and at 200 mg/day,after 6 months of treatment(P<0.01).Moreover,CoQ10 significantly improved the partner pregnancy rate.A strongest correlation was found between seminal fluid parameters and DFI(P<0.001).Conclusions:CoQ10 is effective in improving semen parameters,DFI and on the partner pregnancy rate after 6 months with CoQ10 at two doses,with a greater improvement shown in men who took 200 mg/day than in those who took 100 mg/day.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30300447）.The authors thank Dr Chen Yongning （China Innovation Centre for Drug Development, HK） for useful suggestions and support. The authors also thank to Dr Fanya Zeng and Miss Charis Chan （Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong） for technical assistance.
文摘4-Coumarate ： coenzyme A Ilgase （4CL） Is one of the key enzymes In phenylpropanoid metabolism leading to series of phenollcs, Including water-soluble phenolic acids, which are important compounds determining the medicinal quality of Danshen （Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge）, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. To Investigate the function of 4CL in the biosynthesis of water-soluble phenolic acid in Danshen, we have cloned two cDNAs （Sm4CL1 and Sm4CL2） encoding divergent 4CL members by applying nested reverse transcrlptlon-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） with degenerate primers followed by 5′/3′rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE） （Note, these sequence data have been submitted to the GenBank database under accession numbers AY237163 and AY237164）. Either of the coding regions was inserted into a pRSET vector and a kinetic assay was performed with purified recombinant proteins. The substrate utilization profile of Sm4CL1 was distinct from that of Sm4CL2. The Km values of Sm4CL1 and Sm4CL2 to 4-coumarlc acid were （72.20±4.10） and （6.50±1.45） μmol/L, respectively. These results, In conjunction with Northern blotting and other information, imply that Sm4CL2 may play an Important role in the biosynthesis of watersoluble phenolic compounds, whereas Sm4CL1 may play a minor role in the pathway. Southern blotting analysis suggested that both Sm4CL1 and Sm4CL2 genes are present as a single copy and are located at different sites In the genome.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Support Program Project of the Hebei Provincial Department of Science and Technology (No. 19277753D)the Scientific Research Project of the Hebei Administration of TCM (No. 2019004, No. 2019066)
文摘Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of the Xiaozheng Tongluo method on lipid metabolism in liver tissue based on the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2/(SREBP2)/3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase(HMGCR)/low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR) signaling pathway. Materials and Methods: C57BL/6 mice were selected as the blank group. The apolipoprotein E-deficient(Apo E^(-/-)) mice were randomly divided into the model group, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) group, and control group. The general condition of the mice was determined by the mouse's state and liver weight. Liver hematoxylin and eosin staining and Oil Red O staining were used to observe the pathological changes and lipid droplet deposition of the liver. The protein expression levels of SREBP2, HMGCR, and LDLR were detected by Western blotting and polymerase chain reaction. Results:(1) The rats in the model group were in poor condition, and their liver weight increased significantly. Compared with the model group, the condition of the TCM group and the control group improved to varying degrees, and their liver weight decreased significantly.(2) Compared with the normal group, the hepatocytes in the model group were arranged in a disorderly manner,and the red-stained lipids of stem cells increased significantly. Compared with the model group, the degree of liver lesions in the control group and TCM group was reduced, and the red-stained lipid of hepatocytes was significantly reduced.(3) Compared with the blank group, the expression of SREBP2 and HMGCR protein in the model group increased significantly, and the expression of LDLR protein decreased significantly(P < 0.05).Compared with the model group, the expression of SREBP2 and HMGCR protein in the TCM group decreased significantly, and the expression of LDLR protein increased significantly(P < 0.05). Conclusions: The method detailed in this paper can increase the expression of SREBP2 and HMGCR protein and decrease the expression of LDLR protein, thus regulating liver cholesterol metabolism and delaying the progression of atherosclerosis.
基金National Key Technology Research and Development Program(Grant No.2013BAB01B01)CAS-Guangdong Funding(Grant No.2012B090400028)
文摘To examine how coenzyme Q10（CoQ10） regulates immunity, experiments using low, middle and high doses of CoQ10 were conducted in mice to confirm its non-toxicity and non-genotoxicity. Delayed type hypersensitivity（DTH） and MTT assays were used to to examine various lymphocyte transformations, the proliferation of antibody-producing cells, the phagocytotsis activity of macrophages, and the activity of nature killer cell（NK）. High-dose（0.50 g/kg.bw） CoQ10 increased DTH levels and promoted the proliferation of antibody-producing cells and levels of red blood cell hemolysis. Medium and high doses enhanced the phagocytic ratio of macrophages but did not influence other indexes. These results showed that the applied CoQ10 did not exhibit any toxicity or genotoxicity, and CoQ10 can actually improve immunologic function in mice.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.31071087 and 30771217) the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)(No. 2009CB918702)
文摘CoQ is an essential electron cartier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. It consists of a benzoquinone head group and a hydrophobic polyisoprenoid tail. The genes （COQ1-9） involved in CoQ biosynthesis have been characterized in yeast. In this study, we generated and molecularly characterized a mutant allele of a novel Drosophila gene, sbo, which encodes a protein that is predicted to catalyze the prenylation of p-hydroxybenzoate with the isoprenoid chain during the process of CoQ synthesis. Expression of sbo in yeast rescues the lethality of ACOQ2 mutant cells, indicating that sbo is a functional homolog of COQ2. HPLC results show that the levels of CoQ9 and COQlo were significantly reduced in sbo heterozygous adult flies. Furthermore, the mean lifespans of males and females heterozygous for sbo are extended by 12.5% and 30.8%, respectively. Homozygous sbo animals exhibit reduced activities of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling （IIS） pathway. Taken together, we conclude that sbo is an essential gene for Drosophila development, mutation of which leads to an extension of lifespan most likely by altering endogenous CoQ biosynthesis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（30970089 200876181 20831006） the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province（9351027501000003） the Project of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province（2007A010900001）
文摘Escherichia coli BW25113 was metabolically engineered for CoQ10 production by replacing ispB with ddsA from Gluconobacter suboxydans.Effects of precursor balance and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate （NADPH） availability on CoQ10 production in E.coli were investigated.The knockout of pykFA along with pck overexpression could maintain a balance between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate,increasing CoQ10 production.Replacement of native NAD-dependent gapA with NADP-dependent gapC from Clostridium acetobutylicum,together with the overexpression of gapC,could increase NADPH availability and then enhanced CoQ10 production.Three effects,overexpressions of various genes in CoQ biosynthesis and central metabolism,different vectors and culture conditions on CoQ10 production in E.coli,were all investigated.The investigation of different vectors indicated that low copy number vector may be more beneficial for CoQ10 production in E.coli.The recombinant E.coli （△ispB：：ddsA,△pykFA and △gapA：：gapC）,harboring the two plasmids encoding pck,dxs,idi and ubiCA genes under the control of PT5 on pQE30,ispA,ddsA from Gluconobacter suboxydans and gapC from Clostridium acetobutylicum under the control of PBAD on pBAD33,could produce CoQ10 up to 3.24 mg·g-1 dry cell mass simply by changing medium from M9YG to SOB with phosphate salt and initial culture pH from 7.0 to 5.5.The yield is unprecedented and 1.33 times of the highest production so far in E.coli.
基金Projects 40372069 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNCET-05-0479 by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University0F4506 by the Science and Technology Foundation of China University of Mining and Technology
文摘A simulated landfill anaerobic bioreactor was used to characterize the anaerobic biodegradation and biogas generation of organic waste which was mainly composed of residuals of vegetables and foods. We investigated the dynamics of the coenzyme F420 activity and determined correlations between biogas yields, methane yields, methane concentration and coenzyme F420 activity. The experiment was carded out under different conditions from control without any treatment, addition of Fe^3＋, microorganism inoculation to a combination of Fe3＋ addition and inoculation at a temperature of 36±2℃. The experiment was lasted 120 d and coenzyme F420 activity was analyzed using ultraviolet spectrophotornetry. Experimental results indicated that activity of the coenzyme F420 treated by Fe and microorganism inoculation increased substantially. The waste treated by inoculation had the greatest increase. When the waste was treated by Fe^3＋, inoculation and the combination of Fe^3＋ and inoculation, biogas yields increased by 46.9%, 132.6% and 153.1%, respectively; while the methane yields increased 4, 97 and 98 times. Methane concentration varied between 0 and 6% in the control reactor, from 0 to 14% for waste treated by the addition of Fe^3＋, from 0 to 59% for waste treated by inoculation and from 0 to 63% for waste treated by Fe^3＋ addition and inoculation. Correlations between coenzyme F420 activity and biogas production, methane production and methane concentration proved to be positively significant （p〈0.05）, except for the control. Consequently, coenzyme F420 activity could be used as an index for monitoring the activity of methanogens during anaerobic biodegradation of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste.
基金Supported by Talent Project of Sichuan University of Science&Engineering(2015RC27)Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(16R-27)
文摘Coenzyme Q10 is widely used in food,cosmetics and pharmaceuticals,possessing a broad market.Rhodobacter sphaeroides is enriched in natural coenzyme Q10 and is becoming an important microorganism for producing natural coenzyme Q10.The paper reviewed the biosynthesis pathways of coenzyme Q10 in R.sphaeroides and the advances in enhancement of coenzyme Q10 production in R.sphaeroides based on metabolic engineering.
文摘Photocatalytic oxidation of primary and secondary benzyl alcohol to corresponding benzaldehyde or acetophenone using Acr＋Cl04- or PhAcr＋Cl04- as photocatalysts under visible light irradiation at room temperature.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)[FRGS/1/2020/SKK06/UNIKL/02/1],from the Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)supplementation on post-vitrification embryo development and gross morphology.Methods:Balb/c mouse embryos were cultured in potassium simplex optimised medium(KSOM)with varying CoQ10 concentrations[0(control),20,40,and 60μM].The most effective CoQ10 concentration(40μM)was selected for subsequent post-vitrification morphology study.Embryos were randomly divided into four groups:Group A(non-vitrified without CoQ10),Group B(non-vitrified with CoQ10),Group C(vitrified without CoQ10),and Group D(vitrified with CoQ10),followed by vitrification at the 8-cell stage.Survival rates and development until the blastocyst stage were evaluated through morphological examinations using ASEBIR's system,distinguishing normal and abnormal embryos.Results:Supplementation of 40μM CoQ10 significantly increased blastocyst formation(95%)compared to the control group(92%),20μM(62%),and 60μM(56%)(P<0.001).Following vitrification,Group D exhibited a significant increase in blastocyst formation(92%)compared to Group C(82%)(P<0.05).Morphological assessments indicated superior embryo quality in Group B over Group D during the cleavage stage,morula,and blastocyst(P<0.05).Conclusions:CoQ10 supplementation exhibits promising potential to enhance preimplantation embryo development,increase blastocyst formation rates,and improve embryo quality post-vitrification.This offers a promising approach to mitigate oxidative stress on embryos,potentially improving overall assisted reproductive technology outcomes.
文摘Glaucoma, the leading cause of visual impairment and irreversible blindness worldwide, is a multifactorial, progressive optic neuropathy characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells, alterations of the optic nerve head, and specific visual field defects. Clinical evidence shows that intraocular pressure is the major risk factor of the treatable disease. However, in some patients, glaucoma develops and continues to progress despite normal intraocular pressure values, suggesting that other risk factors are involved in the disease. Consequently, neuroprotective treatments, focused on preventing retinal ganglion cells death by acting on different therapeutic strategies but not focused on intraocular pressure reduction, has therefore become of great interest. In this contest, coenzyme Q10, showing evidence in slowing or reversing pathological changes typical of the disease, has been proposed as a potential neuroprotective agent in glaucoma. In this review, we describe the possible mechanisms of action of coenzyme Q10 and the recent evidence in literature regarding the neuroprotective activity of the molecule.
基金financially supported by the Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council(TUBITAK,No.TUBITAK-7218008)the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Istanbul Kultur University(No.IKU-BAP2212).
文摘This observational cohort study investigated the potential of a novel sperm-washing medium(SWM)enriched with serotonin(5-HT),L-carnitine(L-C),and coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)to enhance sperm motility and reduce DNA damage.It compared this innovative medium(5-HT/L-C/CoQ10 SWM)with two widely used commercial media(SWM 1 and SWM 2).Ninety-eight volunteers from an infertility clinic provided semen samples,which were divided into three aliquots for analysis in different SWMs:group 1,SWM was composed of hydroxyethyl piperazineethanesulfonic acid(HEPES),sodium bicarbonate,human serum albumin(HSA),taurine,and gentamicin sulfate(SWM 1);group 2,SWM was composed of HEPES,sodium bicarbonate,and HSA(SWM 2);and group 3,SWM was composed of HEPES-buffered human tubal fluid supplemented with 5-HT,L-C,and CoQ10(5-HT/L-C/CoQ10 SWM).Sperm motility was categorized as progressive,nonprogressive,or immotile.Apoptosis,reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,and DNA fragmentation were also assessed.There were no significant differences in total or progressive sperm motility among the groups.Spermatozoa in group 3 exhibited reduced apoptosis,necrosis,and ROS levels and increased viability.No significant differences were observed in the DNA fragmentation index among groups.The 5-HT/L-C/CoQ10 SWM reduced sperm oxidative stress and apoptosis compared with those of the two commercially available SWMs,suggesting that 5-HT/L-C/CoQ10 SWM could be useful for enhancing in vitro fertilization success rates.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20576132)
文摘In order to increase the production efficiency of coenzyme Q10, the original strain Agrobacterium tumefaciens ATCC 4452 was mutated by means of Nitrogen ions implantation. A mutant strain, ATX 12, with high contents of coenzyme Q10 was selected. Subsequently, the conditions such as carbohydrate concentration, nitrogen source concentration, inoculum＇s size, seed age, aeration and temperature which might affect the production of CoQ10 were investigated in detail. Under optimal conditions, the maximum concentration of the intracellular CoQ10 reached 200.3 mg/L after 80 h fed-batch fermentation, about 245% increasing in CoQ10 production after ion implantation, compared to the original strain.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1301300).
文摘Background Fertility declines in high-parity sows.This study investigated whether parity-dependent declines in embryonic survival and reproductive performance could be restored by dietary coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)supplementation.Methods Two experiments were performed.In Exp.1,30 young sows that had completed their 2nd parity and 30 high-parity sows that had completed their 10^(th)parity,were fed either a control diet(CON)or a CON diet supple-mented with 1 g/kg CoQ10(+CoQ10)from mating until slaughter at day 28 of gestation.In Exp.2,a total of 314 post-weaning sows with two to nine parities were fed the CON or+CoQ10 diets from mating throughout gestation.Results In Exp.1,both young and high-parity sows had a similar number of corpora lutea,but high-parity sows had lower plasma CoQ10 concentrations,down-regulated genes involved with de novo CoQ10 synthesis in the endome-trium tissues,and greater levels of oxidative stress markers in plasma and endometrium tissues.High-parity sows had fewer total embryos and alive embryos,lower embryonic survival,and greater embryo mortality than young sows.Dietary CoQ10 supplementation increased the number of live embryos and the embryonic survival rate to levels simi-lar to those of young sows,as well as lowering the levels of oxidative stress markers.In Exp.2,sows showed a parity-dependent decline in plasma CoQ10 levels,and sows with more than four parities showed a progressive decline in the number of total births,live births,and piglets born effective.Dietary supplementation with CoQ10 increased the number of total births,live births,and born effective,and decreased the intra-litter covariation coefficients and the percentage of sows requiring farrowing assistance during parturition.Conclusions Dietary CoQ10 supplementation can improve the embryonic survival and reproductive performance of gestating sows with high parity,probably by improving the development of uterine function.
文摘For the sake of improving patient compliance and sustainability of chemotherapy healthcare system, both TC and CoQ10 were formulated as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). The study was focused on establishing and validating a simple and reproducible spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of TC and CoQ10 in their binary mixture or pharmaceutical dosage forms. A new method based on simultaneous estimation of drug mixture without prior separation was developed. Validation parameters were checked with International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The accuracy and reproducibility of proposed method was statistically compared to HPLC. The TC and CoQ10 were quantified at absorptivity wavelengths of 236 nm and 275 nm, respectively. Calibration curves obeyed Beer’s law in range of 2–14 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient (R^2) of 0.999 in both methanol and simplified simulated intestinal fluid (SSIF). The %means recovery of TC and Co Q10 in pure state or binary mixture at various concentration levels were all around 100%.The low values of SD and %RSD (<2%) confirm high precision and accuracy of the proposed method. Formulated SLNs showed different %means recovery in range 81–92% for TC and 32–59% for CoQ10. The data obtained by applying simultaneous Vierordt’s equations showed no statistical significance in comparison to HPLC. Vierordt’s method was successfully applied as a simple, accurate, precise, and economical analysis method for estimating TC and CoQ10 concentrations in pure state, binary mixture and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
