After describing the characteristics of programming paradigm, this paper introduces the approach of code component composition reuse in detail, proposes and discusses viewpoint that code component composition reuse is...After describing the characteristics of programming paradigm, this paper introduces the approach of code component composition reuse in detail, proposes and discusses viewpoint that code component composition reuse is a kind of new programming paradigm. This paper also specifies the characteristics of this new programming paradigm in detail, and points out some issues that must be resolved for using this new programming paradigm.展开更多
Information embodied in machine component classification codes has internal relation with the probability distribu- tion of the code symbol. This paper presents a model considering codes as information source based on...Information embodied in machine component classification codes has internal relation with the probability distribu- tion of the code symbol. This paper presents a model considering codes as information source based on Shannon’s information theory. Using information entropy, it preserves the mathematical form and quantitatively measures the information amount of a symbol and a bit in the machine component classification coding system. It also gets the maximum value of information amount and the corresponding coding scheme when the category of symbols is fixed. Samples are given to show how to evaluate the information amount of component codes and how to optimize a coding system.展开更多
Lung cancer has been a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in recent years,and early detection can increase patients'chances of recovery.Machine learning and image processing may be used to analyze Computed ...Lung cancer has been a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in recent years,and early detection can increase patients'chances of recovery.Machine learning and image processing may be used to analyze Computed Tomography(CT)scans for signs of lung cancer;by integrating several machine learning models,the accuracy of lung cancer diagnoses can be increased.In this paper,we propose a method that introduces a segmentation algorithm based on Social Spider Optimization(SSO)to detect suspicious regions in the CT image.The proposed method uses a combination of Error Correcting Output Codes(ECOC)and Support Vector Machine(SVM)to classify suspicious regions and diagnose lung cancer.The efficiency has been evaluated and compared with previous works.The results show that the proposed method can diagnose lung cancer with an average accuracy of 96.67%and can be used as an efficient tool for assisting specialists in diagnosing lung cancer.展开更多
It is important to achieve continuous, stable and efficient pumping well operation in actual oilfield operation. Down-hole pumping well working conditions can be monitored in real-time and a reasonable production sche...It is important to achieve continuous, stable and efficient pumping well operation in actual oilfield operation. Down-hole pumping well working conditions can be monitored in real-time and a reasonable production scheme can be designed when computer diagnosis is used. However, it is difficult to make a comprehensive analysis to supply efficient technical guidance for operation of the pumping well with multiple faults of down-hole conditions, which cannot be effectively dealt with by the common methods. To solve this problem, a method based on designated component analysis （DCA） is used in this paper. Freeman chain code is used to represent the down-hole dynamometer card whose important characteristics are extracted to construct a designated mode set. A control chart is used as a basis for fault detection. The upper and lower control lines on the control chart are determined from standard samples in normal working conditions. In an incompletely orthogonal mode, the designated mode set could be divided into some subsets in which the modes are completely orthogonal. The observed data is projected into each designated mode to realize fault detection according to the upper and lower control lines. The examples show that the proposed method can effectively diagnose multiple faults of down-hole conditions.展开更多
A brain-computer interface(BCI)system based on steady-state visual evoked potentials(SSVEP)was developed by four-class phase-coded stimuli.SSVEPs elicited by flickers at 60Hz,which is higher than the critical fusion f...A brain-computer interface(BCI)system based on steady-state visual evoked potentials(SSVEP)was developed by four-class phase-coded stimuli.SSVEPs elicited by flickers at 60Hz,which is higher than the critical fusion frequency(CFF),were compared with those at 15Hz and 30Hz.SSVEP components in electroencephalogram(EEG)were detected using task related component analysis(TRCA)method.Offline analysis with 17 subjects indicated that the highest information transfer rate(ITR)was 29.80±4.65bpm with 0.5s data length for 60Hz and the classification accuracy was 70.07±4.15%.The online BCI system reached an averaged classification accuracy of 87.75±3.50%at 60Hz with 4s,resulting in an ITR of 16.73±1.63bpm.In particular,the maximum ITR for a subject was 80bpm with 0.5s at 60Hz.Although the BCI performance of 60Hz was lower than that of 15Hz and 30Hz,the results of the behavioral test indicated that,with no perception of flicker,the BCI system with 60Hz was more comfortable to use than 15Hz and 30Hz.Correlation analysis revealed that SSVEP with higher signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)corresponded to better classification performance and the improvement in comfortableness was accompanied by a decrease in performance.This study demonstrates the feasibility and potential of a user-friendly SSVEP-based BCI using imperceptible flickers.展开更多
Quasi-cyclic codes of length mn over Z4 are shown to be equivalent to A-submodules of A^n, where A = Z4[x]/（x^m - 1）. In the case of m being odd, all quasi-cyclic codes are shown to be decomposable into the direct s...Quasi-cyclic codes of length mn over Z4 are shown to be equivalent to A-submodules of A^n, where A = Z4[x]/（x^m - 1）. In the case of m being odd, all quasi-cyclic codes are shown to be decomposable into the direct sum of a fixed number of cyclic irreducible A-submodules. Finally the distinct quasi-cyclic codes as well as some specific subclasses are enumerated.展开更多
The deformation performance index limits of high reinforced concrete （RC） shear wall components based on Chinese codes were discussed by the nonlinear finite element method. Two typical RC shear wall specimens in th...The deformation performance index limits of high reinforced concrete （RC） shear wall components based on Chinese codes were discussed by the nonlinear finite element method. Two typical RC shear wall specimens in the previous work were first used to verify the correctness of the nonlinear finite element method. Then, the nonlinear finite element method was applied to study the deformability of a set of high RC shear wall components designed according to current Chinese codes and with shear span ratio λ≥2.0. Parametric studies were made on the influence of shear span ratio, axial compression ratio, ratio of flexural capacity to shear capacity and main flexural reinforcement ratio of confined botmdary members. Finally, the deformation performance index and its limits of high RC shear wall components under severe earthquakes were proposed by the finite element model results, which offers a reference in determining the performance status of RC shear wall components designed based on Chinese codes.展开更多
High enzymatic activity is required for laccase applications.Central composite design （CCD）-based response surface methodology （RSM） can effectively increase the enzymatic activity of Pleurotus ostreatus P40 in li...High enzymatic activity is required for laccase applications.Central composite design （CCD）-based response surface methodology （RSM） can effectively increase the enzymatic activity of Pleurotus ostreatus P40 in liquid substrate fermentation.Initial screening of the nutritional components was performed using a Plackett-Burman design.The variables,namely,bran,bagasse,Tween 80,and yeast extract,were found to have statistically significant effects on laccase activity.These variables were further optimized using CCD-based RSM.Optimal concentrations for the maximum laccase activity were 8.144 2 g/L bran,50 g/L bagasse,0.424 1 mL/L Tween 80,and 2.832 5 g/L yeast extract.Under optimized conditions,the maximum measured laccase activity reached 96 480 U/L,which was close to the predicted value （104 830 U/L） by RSM.Therefore,RSM can be used to optimize culture components for laccase activity from Pieurotus ostreatus P40.展开更多
To extract features of fabric defects effectively and reduce dimension of feature space,a feature extraction method of fabric defects based on complex contourlet transform （CCT） and principal component analysis （PC...To extract features of fabric defects effectively and reduce dimension of feature space,a feature extraction method of fabric defects based on complex contourlet transform （CCT） and principal component analysis （PCA） is proposed.Firstly,training samples of fabric defect images are decomposed by CCT.Secondly,PCA is applied in the obtained low-frequency component and part of highfrequency components to get a lower dimensional feature space.Finally,components of testing samples obtained by CCT are projected onto the feature space where different types of fabric defects are distinguished by the minimum Euclidean distance method.A large number of experimental results show that,compared with PCA,the method combining wavdet low-frequency component with PCA （WLPCA）,the method combining contourlet transform with PCA （CPCA）,and the method combining wavelet low-frequency and highfrequency components with PCA （WPCA）,the proposed method can extract features of common fabric defect types effectively.The recognition rate is greatly improved while the dimension is reduced.展开更多
To avoid the complexity and inefficiency for specific applications of the current software architecture, a novel approach using partial evaluation is proposed to improve the running performance of components. The gene...To avoid the complexity and inefficiency for specific applications of the current software architecture, a novel approach using partial evaluation is proposed to improve the running performance of components. The generic program was specialized into domain-specific realization for the known knowledge and environments. The syntax and semantic(adj.) were analyzed based on byte code instruction sequences, and partial evaluation rules depicted how to perform the specialization. The partial evaluation for object-oriented programs was implemented. The experimental results show that partial evaluation is effective to speed up the running efficiency. The more generality and scalability can be obtained by the integration of partial evaluation with the favorable design mechanisms and compiler optimization technology.展开更多
背景:阿尔茨海默病病因多样且发病机制复杂,至今尚未完全阐明。近年来,非编码RNA被证实在调控β-淀粉样蛋白异常沉积、Tau蛋白过度磷酸化、神经炎症激活、线粒体功能障碍及突触损伤等过程中发挥关键作用,为阐释疾病机制和药物研发提供...背景:阿尔茨海默病病因多样且发病机制复杂,至今尚未完全阐明。近年来,非编码RNA被证实在调控β-淀粉样蛋白异常沉积、Tau蛋白过度磷酸化、神经炎症激活、线粒体功能障碍及突触损伤等过程中发挥关键作用,为阐释疾病机制和药物研发提供了新视角。同时,中医药通过调控非编码RNA网络展现了多通路干预优势。目的:综述近年来调节性非编码RNA和转运RNA在阿尔茨海默病病理机制中的相关研究,总结中药单体、复方及针灸调控不同非编码RNA发挥抗阿尔茨海默病的现状,以期为今后阿尔茨海默病临床治疗策略优化及新型药物研发提供理论依据与方向参考。方法:以“非编码RNA、微小RNA、长链非编码RNA、环状RNA、转运RNA、阿尔茨海默病、中医药”为中文检索词,以“ncRNA,miRNA,lncRNA,circRNA,tRNA,Alzheimer’s disease,traditional Chinese Medicine”为英文检索词,检索中国知网和PubMed数据库2015年1月至2025年7月发表的相关文献,根据纳入及排除标准最终纳入101篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①阿尔茨海默病的发生与发展源于一个多因素相互关联的病理网络,主要包括β-淀粉样蛋白沉积、Tau蛋白过度磷酸化、神经炎症激活、线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激、突触结构与功能异常以及钙稳态失衡等关键机制,这些因素之间亦可彼此交织、协同促进疾病进程;②多种调节性非编码RNA如微小RNA、长链非编码RNA、环状RNA以及管家非编码RNA中的转运RNA可通过不同层面调控上述病理过程,进而影响疾病进展;③诸多中药单体活性成分如小檗碱、梓醇、三七总皂苷、人参皂苷Rg1、β-细辛醚、雷公藤内酯醇、丹参酮IIA;中药复方如安神定志方、调心方、补肾填髓方以及针刺和艾灸等中医疗法均能通过上调或下调特定非编码RNA的表达,干预阿尔茨海默病的多个病理环节,发挥神经保护作用,从而延缓疾病的发生与发展。展开更多
针对射频识别(RFID:Radio Frequency Identification)系统的信道资源有限,当多个标签竞争同一个频率或时间槽时,会导致发生碰撞和冲突的问题,为优化广播信道的通信效率,对基于帧时隙ALOHA的物联网RFID广播信道防碰撞算法进行了研究。该...针对射频识别(RFID:Radio Frequency Identification)系统的信道资源有限,当多个标签竞争同一个频率或时间槽时,会导致发生碰撞和冲突的问题,为优化广播信道的通信效率,对基于帧时隙ALOHA的物联网RFID广播信道防碰撞算法进行了研究。该方法引入帧时隙概念,对通信时间进行时间段划分;通过时隙内空闲、成功识别以及碰撞3种状态的发生概率分析,得到广播信道内的碰撞原因。结合贝叶斯算法与泊松分布规则,通过标签数目概率分布计算,实现读写器作用范围内标签数量的估计,并根据标签数量计算结果调整下一帧帧长。若调整后的帧时隙范围内仍存在标签碰撞问题,则通过FastICA(Indcpendent Component Analysis)独立主成分分析法,将帧时隙内的标签识别问题,转化为EPC(Electronic Product Code)编码生成问题,进而实现统一时隙内多标签的并行识别,避免发生碰撞。实验表明,所提方的标签数量的估算准确,能在保证通信信道稳定性的前提下,提高时隙内标签识别率,有效提高广播信道的传播效率。展开更多
文摘After describing the characteristics of programming paradigm, this paper introduces the approach of code component composition reuse in detail, proposes and discusses viewpoint that code component composition reuse is a kind of new programming paradigm. This paper also specifies the characteristics of this new programming paradigm in detail, and points out some issues that must be resolved for using this new programming paradigm.
基金Projects supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Pro-gram (863) of China (No. 2004AA84ts03) and the Science and Technology Committee of Zhejiang Province (No. 2004C31018), China
文摘Information embodied in machine component classification codes has internal relation with the probability distribu- tion of the code symbol. This paper presents a model considering codes as information source based on Shannon’s information theory. Using information entropy, it preserves the mathematical form and quantitatively measures the information amount of a symbol and a bit in the machine component classification coding system. It also gets the maximum value of information amount and the corresponding coding scheme when the category of symbols is fixed. Samples are given to show how to evaluate the information amount of component codes and how to optimize a coding system.
文摘Lung cancer has been a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in recent years,and early detection can increase patients'chances of recovery.Machine learning and image processing may be used to analyze Computed Tomography(CT)scans for signs of lung cancer;by integrating several machine learning models,the accuracy of lung cancer diagnoses can be increased.In this paper,we propose a method that introduces a segmentation algorithm based on Social Spider Optimization(SSO)to detect suspicious regions in the CT image.The proposed method uses a combination of Error Correcting Output Codes(ECOC)and Support Vector Machine(SVM)to classify suspicious regions and diagnose lung cancer.The efficiency has been evaluated and compared with previous works.The results show that the proposed method can diagnose lung cancer with an average accuracy of 96.67%and can be used as an efficient tool for assisting specialists in diagnosing lung cancer.
基金supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (61034005)Postgraduate Scientific Research and Innovation Projects of Basic Scientific Research Operating Expensesof Ministry of Education (N100604001)Excellent Doctoral Dissertations Cultivation Project of Northeastern University
文摘It is important to achieve continuous, stable and efficient pumping well operation in actual oilfield operation. Down-hole pumping well working conditions can be monitored in real-time and a reasonable production scheme can be designed when computer diagnosis is used. However, it is difficult to make a comprehensive analysis to supply efficient technical guidance for operation of the pumping well with multiple faults of down-hole conditions, which cannot be effectively dealt with by the common methods. To solve this problem, a method based on designated component analysis （DCA） is used in this paper. Freeman chain code is used to represent the down-hole dynamometer card whose important characteristics are extracted to construct a designated mode set. A control chart is used as a basis for fault detection. The upper and lower control lines on the control chart are determined from standard samples in normal working conditions. In an incompletely orthogonal mode, the designated mode set could be divided into some subsets in which the modes are completely orthogonal. The observed data is projected into each designated mode to realize fault detection according to the upper and lower control lines. The examples show that the proposed method can effectively diagnose multiple faults of down-hole conditions.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under grant 2017YFA0205903the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 62071447+1 种基金the Beijing Science and Technology Program under grant Z201100004420015the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Science under grant XDB32040200.
文摘A brain-computer interface(BCI)system based on steady-state visual evoked potentials(SSVEP)was developed by four-class phase-coded stimuli.SSVEPs elicited by flickers at 60Hz,which is higher than the critical fusion frequency(CFF),were compared with those at 15Hz and 30Hz.SSVEP components in electroencephalogram(EEG)were detected using task related component analysis(TRCA)method.Offline analysis with 17 subjects indicated that the highest information transfer rate(ITR)was 29.80±4.65bpm with 0.5s data length for 60Hz and the classification accuracy was 70.07±4.15%.The online BCI system reached an averaged classification accuracy of 87.75±3.50%at 60Hz with 4s,resulting in an ITR of 16.73±1.63bpm.In particular,the maximum ITR for a subject was 80bpm with 0.5s at 60Hz.Although the BCI performance of 60Hz was lower than that of 15Hz and 30Hz,the results of the behavioral test indicated that,with no perception of flicker,the BCI system with 60Hz was more comfortable to use than 15Hz and 30Hz.Correlation analysis revealed that SSVEP with higher signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)corresponded to better classification performance and the improvement in comfortableness was accompanied by a decrease in performance.This study demonstrates the feasibility and potential of a user-friendly SSVEP-based BCI using imperceptible flickers.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60603016)
文摘Quasi-cyclic codes of length mn over Z4 are shown to be equivalent to A-submodules of A^n, where A = Z4[x]/（x^m - 1）. In the case of m being odd, all quasi-cyclic codes are shown to be decomposable into the direct sum of a fixed number of cyclic irreducible A-submodules. Finally the distinct quasi-cyclic codes as well as some specific subclasses are enumerated.
基金Project(2009ZA04) supported by the Independent Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Architecture Science,China
文摘The deformation performance index limits of high reinforced concrete （RC） shear wall components based on Chinese codes were discussed by the nonlinear finite element method. Two typical RC shear wall specimens in the previous work were first used to verify the correctness of the nonlinear finite element method. Then, the nonlinear finite element method was applied to study the deformability of a set of high RC shear wall components designed according to current Chinese codes and with shear span ratio λ≥2.0. Parametric studies were made on the influence of shear span ratio, axial compression ratio, ratio of flexural capacity to shear capacity and main flexural reinforcement ratio of confined botmdary members. Finally, the deformation performance index and its limits of high RC shear wall components under severe earthquakes were proposed by the finite element model results, which offers a reference in determining the performance status of RC shear wall components designed based on Chinese codes.
基金National Science&Technology Pillar Program of China(No.2012BAC02B04)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41201306)
文摘High enzymatic activity is required for laccase applications.Central composite design （CCD）-based response surface methodology （RSM） can effectively increase the enzymatic activity of Pleurotus ostreatus P40 in liquid substrate fermentation.Initial screening of the nutritional components was performed using a Plackett-Burman design.The variables,namely,bran,bagasse,Tween 80,and yeast extract,were found to have statistically significant effects on laccase activity.These variables were further optimized using CCD-based RSM.Optimal concentrations for the maximum laccase activity were 8.144 2 g/L bran,50 g/L bagasse,0.424 1 mL/L Tween 80,and 2.832 5 g/L yeast extract.Under optimized conditions,the maximum measured laccase activity reached 96 480 U/L,which was close to the predicted value （104 830 U/L） by RSM.Therefore,RSM can be used to optimize culture components for laccase activity from Pieurotus ostreatus P40.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60872065)the Key Laboratory of Textile Science&Technology,Ministry of Education,China(No.P1111)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology,Ministry of Education,China(No.2010001)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution,China
文摘To extract features of fabric defects effectively and reduce dimension of feature space,a feature extraction method of fabric defects based on complex contourlet transform （CCT） and principal component analysis （PCA） is proposed.Firstly,training samples of fabric defect images are decomposed by CCT.Secondly,PCA is applied in the obtained low-frequency component and part of highfrequency components to get a lower dimensional feature space.Finally,components of testing samples obtained by CCT are projected onto the feature space where different types of fabric defects are distinguished by the minimum Euclidean distance method.A large number of experimental results show that,compared with PCA,the method combining wavdet low-frequency component with PCA （WLPCA）,the method combining contourlet transform with PCA （CPCA）,and the method combining wavelet low-frequency and highfrequency components with PCA （WPCA）,the proposed method can extract features of common fabric defect types effectively.The recognition rate is greatly improved while the dimension is reduced.
基金Sponsored by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (Grant No 2001AA113160,2004AA104280,and 2007AA010302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No90718004)
文摘To avoid the complexity and inefficiency for specific applications of the current software architecture, a novel approach using partial evaluation is proposed to improve the running performance of components. The generic program was specialized into domain-specific realization for the known knowledge and environments. The syntax and semantic(adj.) were analyzed based on byte code instruction sequences, and partial evaluation rules depicted how to perform the specialization. The partial evaluation for object-oriented programs was implemented. The experimental results show that partial evaluation is effective to speed up the running efficiency. The more generality and scalability can be obtained by the integration of partial evaluation with the favorable design mechanisms and compiler optimization technology.
文摘背景:阿尔茨海默病病因多样且发病机制复杂,至今尚未完全阐明。近年来,非编码RNA被证实在调控β-淀粉样蛋白异常沉积、Tau蛋白过度磷酸化、神经炎症激活、线粒体功能障碍及突触损伤等过程中发挥关键作用,为阐释疾病机制和药物研发提供了新视角。同时,中医药通过调控非编码RNA网络展现了多通路干预优势。目的:综述近年来调节性非编码RNA和转运RNA在阿尔茨海默病病理机制中的相关研究,总结中药单体、复方及针灸调控不同非编码RNA发挥抗阿尔茨海默病的现状,以期为今后阿尔茨海默病临床治疗策略优化及新型药物研发提供理论依据与方向参考。方法:以“非编码RNA、微小RNA、长链非编码RNA、环状RNA、转运RNA、阿尔茨海默病、中医药”为中文检索词,以“ncRNA,miRNA,lncRNA,circRNA,tRNA,Alzheimer’s disease,traditional Chinese Medicine”为英文检索词,检索中国知网和PubMed数据库2015年1月至2025年7月发表的相关文献,根据纳入及排除标准最终纳入101篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①阿尔茨海默病的发生与发展源于一个多因素相互关联的病理网络,主要包括β-淀粉样蛋白沉积、Tau蛋白过度磷酸化、神经炎症激活、线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激、突触结构与功能异常以及钙稳态失衡等关键机制,这些因素之间亦可彼此交织、协同促进疾病进程;②多种调节性非编码RNA如微小RNA、长链非编码RNA、环状RNA以及管家非编码RNA中的转运RNA可通过不同层面调控上述病理过程,进而影响疾病进展;③诸多中药单体活性成分如小檗碱、梓醇、三七总皂苷、人参皂苷Rg1、β-细辛醚、雷公藤内酯醇、丹参酮IIA;中药复方如安神定志方、调心方、补肾填髓方以及针刺和艾灸等中医疗法均能通过上调或下调特定非编码RNA的表达,干预阿尔茨海默病的多个病理环节,发挥神经保护作用,从而延缓疾病的发生与发展。
