Computational Fluids Dynamics(CFD)simulations are essential for optimizing the design of a cockpit’s internal environment,but the complex geometric models consume a significant amount of computational resources and t...Computational Fluids Dynamics(CFD)simulations are essential for optimizing the design of a cockpit’s internal environment,but the complex geometric models consume a significant amount of computational resources and time.Arbitrary simplification of geometric models may result in inaccurate calculations of physical fields.To address this issue,this study establishes a geometric model simplification strategy and successfully applies it to a cockpit.The implementation of the whole approach is divided into three steps,summarized in three methods,namely Sensitivity Analysis Method(SAM),Detail Suppression Method(DSM),and Evaluation Standards Method(ESM).Sensitivity analysis of the detailed features of the geometric model is performed using the adjoint method.The details of the geometric model are suppressed based on the principle of curvature continuity.After evaluation,the suppression degrees of detailed features with different sensitivity levels are obtained.The results demonstrate that this strategy can be employed to achieve precise simplification standards,thereby avoiding excessive deviations caused by arbitrary simplification and reducing the significant costs associated with trial-and-error simplification.展开更多
Pilot needs to process lots of information when operating an aircraft,and reasonable information coding can greatly improve the correct rate and speed of information identification.At present,related researches are ma...Pilot needs to process lots of information when operating an aircraft,and reasonable information coding can greatly improve the correct rate and speed of information identification.At present,related researches are mainly performed in the laboratory,and the experiment method for abstract simulation is often used to research single digit information coding.The research results demonstrate a lack of systematization and applicability.The present study is based upon information coding methods of human-machine interface under real time in flight simulators.Subjects are required to perform an aircraft landing and the corresponding experiment task.The correct rate and reaction time are chosen as the performance evaluation indexes,combined with eye movement data.The advantages and disadvantages of different information coding methods are also evaluated and analyzed.The experiment results demonstrate that the effect of color coding on the correct rate of information identification is not significant,but the effect on the speed of information identification is obviously significant.The study demonstrates that on a black background,red,green and yellow are suitable colors for color coding,but blue is not.The position of information on the performance of information identification is also significant.The center of the interface is better than the edge,and the left position is superior to the right.The impact of language and a person's mother tongue should also be considered in practical applications.The study shows that the Chinese has a higher correct rate of identification than English.As the experiment research method in the present study is based on flight simulator,the actual utility and application value can be guaranteed.The research results have the ability to offer improvements in ergonomic reference for cockpit human-machine interface design.展开更多
A novel group decision-making （GDM） method based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets （IFSs） is developed to evaluate the ergonomics of aircraft cockpit display and control system （ACDCS）. The GDM process with four step...A novel group decision-making （GDM） method based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets （IFSs） is developed to evaluate the ergonomics of aircraft cockpit display and control system （ACDCS）. The GDM process with four steps is discussed. Firstly, approaches are proposed to transform four types of common judgement representations into a unified expression by the form of the IFS, and the features of unifications are analyzed. Then, the aggregation operator called the IFSs weighted averaging （IFSWA） operator is taken to synthesize decision-makers’ （DMs’） preferences by the form of the IFS. In this operator, the DM’s reliability weights factors are determined based on the distance measure between their preferences. Finally, an improved score function is used to rank alternatives and to get the best one. An illustrative example proves the proposed method is effective to valuate the ergonomics of the ACDCS.展开更多
Aircraft cockpit display interface （CDI） is one of the most important human-machine interfaces for information perceiving. During the process of aircraft design, situation awareness （SA） is frequently considered t...Aircraft cockpit display interface （CDI） is one of the most important human-machine interfaces for information perceiving. During the process of aircraft design, situation awareness （SA） is frequently considered to improve the design, as the CDI must provide enough SA for the pilot to maintain the flight safety. In order to study the SA in the pilot-aircraft system, a cockpit flight simulation environment is built up, which includes a virtual instrument panel, a flight visual display and the corresponding control system. Based on the simulation environment, a human-in-the-loop experiment is designed to measure the SA by the situation awareness global assessment technique （SAGAT）. Through the experiment, the SA degrees and heart rate （HR） data of the subjects are obtained, and the SA levels under different CDI designs are analyzed. The results show that analyzing the SA can serve as an objective way to evaluate the design of CDI, which could be proved from the consistent HR data. With this method, evaluations of the CDI design are performed in the experimental flight simulation environment, and optimizations could be guided through the analysis.展开更多
With respect to the ergonomic evaluation and optimization in the mental task design of the aircraft cockpit display interface, the experimental measurement and theoretical modeling of mental workload were carried out ...With respect to the ergonomic evaluation and optimization in the mental task design of the aircraft cockpit display interface, the experimental measurement and theoretical modeling of mental workload were carried out under flight simulation task conditions using the performance evaluation, subjective evaluation and physiological measurement methods. The experimental results show that with an increased mental workload, the detection accuracy of flight operation significantly reduced and the reaction time was significantly prolonged; the standard deviation of R-R intervals（SDNN） significantly decreased, while the mean heart rate exhibited little change; the score of NASA_TLX scale significantly increased. On this basis, the indexes sensitive to mental workload were screened, and an integrated model for the discrimination and prediction of mental workload of aircraft cockpit display interface was established based on the Bayesian Fisher discrimination and classification method. The original validation and cross-validation methods were employed to test the accuracy of the results of discrimination and prediction of the integrated model, and the average prediction accuracies determined by these two methods are both higher than 85%. Meanwhile, the integrated model shows a higher accuracy in discrimination and prediction of mental workload compared with single indexes. The model proposed in this paper exhibits a satisfactory coincidence with the measured data and could accurately reflect the variation characteristics of the mental workload of aircraft cockpit display interface, thus providing a basis for the ergonomic evaluation and optimization design of the aircraft cockpit display interface in the future.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51878442).
文摘Computational Fluids Dynamics(CFD)simulations are essential for optimizing the design of a cockpit’s internal environment,but the complex geometric models consume a significant amount of computational resources and time.Arbitrary simplification of geometric models may result in inaccurate calculations of physical fields.To address this issue,this study establishes a geometric model simplification strategy and successfully applies it to a cockpit.The implementation of the whole approach is divided into three steps,summarized in three methods,namely Sensitivity Analysis Method(SAM),Detail Suppression Method(DSM),and Evaluation Standards Method(ESM).Sensitivity analysis of the detailed features of the geometric model is performed using the adjoint method.The details of the geometric model are suppressed based on the principle of curvature continuity.After evaluation,the suppression degrees of detailed features with different sensitivity levels are obtained.The results demonstrate that this strategy can be employed to achieve precise simplification standards,thereby avoiding excessive deviations caused by arbitrary simplification and reducing the significant costs associated with trial-and-error simplification.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Grant No.2010CB734104)
文摘Pilot needs to process lots of information when operating an aircraft,and reasonable information coding can greatly improve the correct rate and speed of information identification.At present,related researches are mainly performed in the laboratory,and the experiment method for abstract simulation is often used to research single digit information coding.The research results demonstrate a lack of systematization and applicability.The present study is based upon information coding methods of human-machine interface under real time in flight simulators.Subjects are required to perform an aircraft landing and the corresponding experiment task.The correct rate and reaction time are chosen as the performance evaluation indexes,combined with eye movement data.The advantages and disadvantages of different information coding methods are also evaluated and analyzed.The experiment results demonstrate that the effect of color coding on the correct rate of information identification is not significant,but the effect on the speed of information identification is obviously significant.The study demonstrates that on a black background,red,green and yellow are suitable colors for color coding,but blue is not.The position of information on the performance of information identification is also significant.The center of the interface is better than the edge,and the left position is superior to the right.The impact of language and a person's mother tongue should also be considered in practical applications.The study shows that the Chinese has a higher correct rate of identification than English.As the experiment research method in the present study is based on flight simulator,the actual utility and application value can be guaranteed.The research results have the ability to offer improvements in ergonomic reference for cockpit human-machine interface design.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2010CB734104)
文摘A novel group decision-making （GDM） method based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets （IFSs） is developed to evaluate the ergonomics of aircraft cockpit display and control system （ACDCS）. The GDM process with four steps is discussed. Firstly, approaches are proposed to transform four types of common judgement representations into a unified expression by the form of the IFS, and the features of unifications are analyzed. Then, the aggregation operator called the IFSs weighted averaging （IFSWA） operator is taken to synthesize decision-makers’ （DMs’） preferences by the form of the IFS. In this operator, the DM’s reliability weights factors are determined based on the distance measure between their preferences. Finally, an improved score function is used to rank alternatives and to get the best one. An illustrative example proves the proposed method is effective to valuate the ergonomics of the ACDCS.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB734104)
文摘Aircraft cockpit display interface （CDI） is one of the most important human-machine interfaces for information perceiving. During the process of aircraft design, situation awareness （SA） is frequently considered to improve the design, as the CDI must provide enough SA for the pilot to maintain the flight safety. In order to study the SA in the pilot-aircraft system, a cockpit flight simulation environment is built up, which includes a virtual instrument panel, a flight visual display and the corresponding control system. Based on the simulation environment, a human-in-the-loop experiment is designed to measure the SA by the situation awareness global assessment technique （SAGAT）. Through the experiment, the SA degrees and heart rate （HR） data of the subjects are obtained, and the SA levels under different CDI designs are analyzed. The results show that analyzing the SA can serve as an objective way to evaluate the design of CDI, which could be proved from the consistent HR data. With this method, evaluations of the CDI design are performed in the experimental flight simulation environment, and optimizations could be guided through the analysis.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB734104)
文摘With respect to the ergonomic evaluation and optimization in the mental task design of the aircraft cockpit display interface, the experimental measurement and theoretical modeling of mental workload were carried out under flight simulation task conditions using the performance evaluation, subjective evaluation and physiological measurement methods. The experimental results show that with an increased mental workload, the detection accuracy of flight operation significantly reduced and the reaction time was significantly prolonged; the standard deviation of R-R intervals（SDNN） significantly decreased, while the mean heart rate exhibited little change; the score of NASA_TLX scale significantly increased. On this basis, the indexes sensitive to mental workload were screened, and an integrated model for the discrimination and prediction of mental workload of aircraft cockpit display interface was established based on the Bayesian Fisher discrimination and classification method. The original validation and cross-validation methods were employed to test the accuracy of the results of discrimination and prediction of the integrated model, and the average prediction accuracies determined by these two methods are both higher than 85%. Meanwhile, the integrated model shows a higher accuracy in discrimination and prediction of mental workload compared with single indexes. The model proposed in this paper exhibits a satisfactory coincidence with the measured data and could accurately reflect the variation characteristics of the mental workload of aircraft cockpit display interface, thus providing a basis for the ergonomic evaluation and optimization design of the aircraft cockpit display interface in the future.
