Iron-substituted cobalt-free lithium-rich manganese-based materials,with advantages of high specific capacity,high safety,and low cost,have been considered as the potential cathodes for lithium ion batteries.However,c...Iron-substituted cobalt-free lithium-rich manganese-based materials,with advantages of high specific capacity,high safety,and low cost,have been considered as the potential cathodes for lithium ion batteries.However,challenges,such as poor cycle stability and fast voltage fade during cycling under high potential,hinder these materials from commercialization.Here,we developed a method to directly coat LiF on the particle surface of Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.15)Fe_(0.1)Mn_(0.55O2).A uniform and flat film was successfully formed with a thickness about 3 nm,which can effect-ively protect the cathode material from irreversible phase transition during the deintercalation of Li^(+).After surface coating with 0.5wt%LiF,the cycling stability of Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.15)Fe_(0.1)Mn_(0.55O2) cycled at high potential was significantly improved and the voltage fade was largely suppressed.展开更多
Owing to the further requirement for electric vehicle market, it is appropriate to lower the cost and improve the energy density of lithium-ion batteries by adopting the Co-free and Ni-rich layered cathodes.However, t...Owing to the further requirement for electric vehicle market, it is appropriate to lower the cost and improve the energy density of lithium-ion batteries by adopting the Co-free and Ni-rich layered cathodes.However, their practical application is severely limited by structural instability and slow kinetics. Herein,ultrahigh-nickel cobalt-free LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cathode is elaborate designed via in-situ trace substitution of tungsten by a wet co-precipitation method following by high-temperature sintering. It is revealed that the in-situ doping strategy of high valence W^(6+) can effectively improve the structure stability by reducing irreversible phase transition and suppressing the formation of microcracks. Moreover, the transformed fine particles determined by W-doping can facilitate the kinetic characteristics by shortening Li^(+) diffusion paths. As expected, 0.3 mol% W-doped LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cathode exhibits a high specific capacity of 143.5 mAh/g after 200 cycles at high rate of 5 C in the wide potential range of 2.8-4.5 V, representing a potential next-generation cathode with low-cost, high energy-density and fast-charging capabilities.展开更多
Cobalt-free perovskite-type oxides BaFel_yTayO3-6 （0 _〈 y -〈 0.2） were synthesized via a simple solid state reac- tion. The cubic perovskite structure can be obtained when y is over 0.1. BaFeo.Ta0.lO3-6 （BFT0.1）...Cobalt-free perovskite-type oxides BaFel_yTayO3-6 （0 _〈 y -〈 0.2） were synthesized via a simple solid state reac- tion. The cubic perovskite structure can be obtained when y is over 0.1. BaFeo.Ta0.lO3-6 （BFT0.1） membrane shows the highest oxygen permeation flux, which can reach 1.6 ml. min- 1. cm-2 at 950 ℃ under the gradient of air/He. The O2-TPD results reveal that BaFe0.9Ta0.lO3-a material shows an excellent reversibility and phase structure stability in air. The oxygen permeation flux is limited by the bulk diffusion when the membrane thick- ness is over 0.8 mm, and it is limited by both the bulk diffusion and the surface exchange when the membrane thickness is below 0.5 mm. Stable oxygen permeation fluxes are obtained during 180 h operation.展开更多
In response to the shortcomings of cobalt-rich cathodes, iron-based perovskite oxides appear as promising alternatives for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, their inferior electrochemical performance at reduced...In response to the shortcomings of cobalt-rich cathodes, iron-based perovskite oxides appear as promising alternatives for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, their inferior electrochemical performance at reduced temperatures (<700 ℃) becomes a major bottleneck for future progress. Here, a novel cobalt-free perovskite Ba_(0.75)Sr_(0.25)Fe_(0.875)Ga_(0.125)O_(3−δ) (BSFG) is developed as an efficient oxygen reduction electrode for SOFCs, featuring cubic-symmetry structure, large oxygen vacancy concentration and fast oxygen transport. Benefiting from these merits, cells incorporated with BSFG achieve exceptionally high electrochemical performance, as evidenced by a low polarization area-specific resistance of 0.074 Ω cm^(2) and a high peak power density of 1145 mW cm^(−2) at 600 ℃. Meanwhile, a robust short-term performance stability of BSFG cathode can be ascribed to the stable crystalline structure and favorable thermal expansion behavior. First-principles computations are also conducted to understanding the superior activity and durability toward oxygen reduction reaction. These pave the way for rationally developing highly active and robust cobalt-free perovskite-type cathode materials for reduced-temperature SOFCs.展开更多
Cobalt-free cathode materials are attractive for their high capacity and low cost,yet they still encounter issues with structural and surface instability.AlPO_(4),in particular,has garnered attention as an effective s...Cobalt-free cathode materials are attractive for their high capacity and low cost,yet they still encounter issues with structural and surface instability.AlPO_(4),in particular,has garnered attention as an effective stabilizer for bulk and surface.However,the impact of interfacial reactions and elemental interdiffusion between AlPO_(4) and LiNi_(0.95)Mn_(0.05)O_(2) upon sintering on the bulk and surface remains elusive.In this study,we demonstrate that during the heat treatment process,AlPO_(4) decomposes,resulting in Al doping into the bulk of the cathode through elemental interdiffusion.Simultaneously,PO_(4)^(3-)reacts with the surface Li of material to form a Li_3PO_(4) coating,inducing lithium deficiency,thereby increasing Li/Ni mixing.The suitable Li/Ni mixing,previously overlooked in AlPO_(4) modification,plays a pivotal role in stabilizing the bulk and surface,exceeding the synergy of Al doping and Li_3PO_(4) coating.The presence of Ni^(2+)ions in the lithium layers contributes to the stabilization of the delithiated structure via a structural pillar effect.Moreover,suitable Li/Ni mixing can stabilize the lattice oxygen and electrode-electrolyte interface by increasing oxygen removal energy and reducing the overlap between the Ni^(3+/4+)e_g and O^(2-)2p orbitals.These findings offer new perspectives for the design of stable cobalt-free cathode materials.展开更多
Layer-type LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2is promising to be the primary cathode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to its excellent electrochemical performance.Unfortunately,the cathode with high nickel content suffers from ...Layer-type LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2is promising to be the primary cathode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to its excellent electrochemical performance.Unfortunately,the cathode with high nickel content suffers from severely detrimental structural transformation that causes rapid capacity attenuation.Herein,site-specific dual-doping with Fe and Mg ions is proposed to enhance the structural stability of LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2.The Fe3+dopants are inserted into transition metal sites(3b)and can favorably provide additional redox potential to compensate for charge and enhance the reversibility of anionic redox.The Mg ions are doped into the Li sites(3a)and serve as O_(2)^(-)-Mg^(2+)-O_(2)^(-)pillar to reinforce the electrostatic cohesion between the two adjacent transition-metal layers,which further suppress the cracking and the generation of harmful phase transitions,ultimately improving the cyclability.The theoretical calculations,including Bader charge and crystal orbital Hamilton populations(COHP)analyses,confirm that the doped Fe and Mg can form stable bonds with oxygen and the electrostatic repulsion of O_(2)^(-)-O_(2)^(-)can be effectively suppressed,which effectively mitigates oxygen anion loss at the high delithiation state.This dual-site doping strategy offers new avenues for understanding and regulating the crystalline oxygen redox and demonstrates significant potential for designing high-performance cobalt-free nickel-rich cathodes.展开更多
Reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells(R-PCECs)are ideal,high-effi ciency devices that are environmentally friendly and have a modular design.This paper studies BaFe_(0.6)Zr_(0.1)Y_(0.3)O_(3−δ)(BFZY3)as a ...Reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells(R-PCECs)are ideal,high-effi ciency devices that are environmentally friendly and have a modular design.This paper studies BaFe_(0.6)Zr_(0.1)Y_(0.3)O_(3−δ)(BFZY3)as a cobalt-free perovskite oxygen electrode for high-performance R-PCECs where Y ions doping can increase the concentration of oxygen vacancies with a remarkable increase in catalytic performance.The cell with confi guration of Ni-BZCYYb/BZCYYb/BFZY3 demonstrated promising performance in dual modes of fuel cells(FCs)and electrolysis cells(ECs)at 650℃with low polarization resistance of 0.13Ωcm^(2),peak power density of 546.59 mW/cm^(2)in FC mode,and current density of−1.03 A/cm^(2)at 1.3 V in EC mode.The alternative operation between FC and EC modes for up to eight cycles with a total of 80 h suggests that the cell with BFZY3 is exceptionally stable and reversible over the long term.The results indicated that BFZY3 has considerable potential as an air electrode material for R-PCECs,permitting effi cient oxygen reduction and water splitting.展开更多
Ultra-high nickel cobalt-free lithium layered oxides are promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)because of their relatively high capacity and low cost.Nevertheless,the high nickel content would indu...Ultra-high nickel cobalt-free lithium layered oxides are promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)because of their relatively high capacity and low cost.Nevertheless,the high nickel content would induce bulk structure degradation and interfacial environment deterioration,and the absence of Co element reduces the lithium diffusion kinetics,severely limiting the performance liberation of this kind of cathodes.Herein,a multifunctional Ti/Zr dual cation co-doping strategy has been employed to improve the lithium storage performance of LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NM91)cathode.On the one hand,the Ti/Zr co-doping weakens the Li^(+)/Ni^(2+)mixing through magnetic interactions due to the inexistence of unpaired electrons for Ti^(4+)and Zr^(4+),increasing the lithium diffusion rate and suppressing the harmful coexistence of H1 and H2 phases.On the other hand,they enhance the lattice oxygen stability because of the strong Ti-O and Zr-O bonds,inhibiting the undesired H3 phase transition and lattice oxygen loss,improving the bulk structure and cathode-electrolyte interface stability.As a result,the Ti/Zr co-doped NM91(NMTZ)exhibits a 91.2%capacity retention rate after 100 cycles,while that of NM91 is only82.9%.Also,the NMTZ displays better rate performance than NM91 with output capacities of 115 and93 mA h g^(-1)at a high current density of 5 C,respectively.Moreover,the designed NMTZ could enable the full battery to deliver an energy density up to 263 W h kg^(-1),making the ultra-high nickel cobaltfree lithium layered oxide cathode closer to practical applications.展开更多
The 18Ni 300 grade cobalt-free maraging steel T300 was successfully manufactured on an industrial scale by application of vacuum induction melting （VIM） and vacuum arc remelting （VAR） process at Baosteel. With the...The 18Ni 300 grade cobalt-free maraging steel T300 was successfully manufactured on an industrial scale by application of vacuum induction melting （VIM） and vacuum arc remelting （VAR） process at Baosteel. With the content of O and N less than 15 ppm and 10 ppm respectively （ 1 ppm = 10 -6 ） ,the T300 steel produced by Baosteel obtained a high degree of purity and a good combination of ultra-high strength and fracture toughness. The effects of solution temperature and ageing temperature on tensile property of solution-treated and aged T300 steel were investigated. The results show that the solution temperature slightly influences the strength of the solution-treated steel, indicating that the solution strengthening rather than the grain boundary strengthening is more important to the solution-treated steel. For the solution-treated T300, the elongation and reduction of area don＇t change much with a rising solution temperature, and remain above 17% and 70% respectively at the solution temperature ranging from 800℃ to 1200℃. For the aged T300 steel,the strength and elongation are reduced with an increasing solution temperature, and the solution temperature has a greater effect on the reduction of area than that on the elongation. The reduction of area of the aged steel reaches a high peak when the solution temperature reaches 920℃. The experimental data indicates that precipitation strengthening makes a contribution of l 100 MPa to the tensile strength of the aged steel. The ageing temperature exerts a greater effect on the strength than on the elongation and reduction of area. The steel achieves a better combination of strength and toughness at the peak ageing temperature of 500℃.展开更多
Cobalt-free maraging steels of different compositions have been prepared by electro-slag remelting technique using titanium and chromium instead of cobalt. Neutron removal cross-sections have been calculated, also mas...Cobalt-free maraging steels of different compositions have been prepared by electro-slag remelting technique using titanium and chromium instead of cobalt. Neutron removal cross-sections have been calculated, also mass attenuation coefficients and effective electron densities have been determined for the prepared samples in the photon energy range up to 2.8 MeV. Other steel alloys and lead samples have also been investigated for the sake of comparison. The results prove the superiority of cobalt-free maraging steels compared with the other steel types to be used as a proper shielding material in the nuclear field. Among the investigated steels, the steel “0.045%C- 13.35%Ni-2.05%Cr-4.5%Mo-0.06%Ti” has the best attenuation properties.展开更多
Cobalt-free alloy of constituent’s “0.045%C-12.73%Ni-6.53%Cr-3.2%Mo-0.02%Ti-0.01%V” has been prepared by electro slag remelting technique. Mass attenuation coefficient, half value layer and effective atomic number ...Cobalt-free alloy of constituent’s “0.045%C-12.73%Ni-6.53%Cr-3.2%Mo-0.02%Ti-0.01%V” has been prepared by electro slag remelting technique. Mass attenuation coefficient, half value layer and effective atomic number have been determined for the prepared sample at photon energies 235 - 2700 keV. The results are compared with the corresponding theoretical calculations based on XCOM program and a fair agreement is obtained.展开更多
The influence of different solution temperature on microstructure and impact toughness of cobalt-free maraging steel 00Ni14Cr3Mo3Ti was investigated by SEM and X-Ray diffractometer.The experimental results showed that...The influence of different solution temperature on microstructure and impact toughness of cobalt-free maraging steel 00Ni14Cr3Mo3Ti was investigated by SEM and X-Ray diffractometer.The experimental results showed that with the solution temperature variation,the martensite morphology has not changed,is still lath martensite.Undissolved Laves phase hindered the dislocation movement after 750℃solution heat treatment,which result in a very low impact absorbed energy,the impact fracture has no obvious plastic deformation,with bad toughness.With the solution temperature increased,the undissolved phase gradually dissolved,the impact absorbed energy increased gradually.All the Laves phase dissolved when reach to 900℃,the impact absorbed energy reaches the maximum,is 61 J.Fracture morphology change from brittle fracture into toughness transgranular fracture with deep dimple.When solution temperature is above 900℃,with the solution temperature further increase,austenite grain size increases significantly.Average grain diameter of austenite is about 70μm after 1050℃solution treatment,the density of precipitates on the grain boundary of maraging steel is increase substantially,deformation compatibility deteriorate,which result in the impact absorbed energy decreased significantly.Fracture type becomes transgranular and quasi-cleavage mixed fracture with the characteristics of the river patterns from ductile transgranular fracture.展开更多
基金financially supported by the project of International Science&Technology Cooperation of China(No.2019YFE0100200)。
文摘Iron-substituted cobalt-free lithium-rich manganese-based materials,with advantages of high specific capacity,high safety,and low cost,have been considered as the potential cathodes for lithium ion batteries.However,challenges,such as poor cycle stability and fast voltage fade during cycling under high potential,hinder these materials from commercialization.Here,we developed a method to directly coat LiF on the particle surface of Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.15)Fe_(0.1)Mn_(0.55O2).A uniform and flat film was successfully formed with a thickness about 3 nm,which can effect-ively protect the cathode material from irreversible phase transition during the deintercalation of Li^(+).After surface coating with 0.5wt%LiF,the cycling stability of Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.15)Fe_(0.1)Mn_(0.55O2) cycled at high potential was significantly improved and the voltage fade was largely suppressed.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51908555, 52070194)。
文摘Owing to the further requirement for electric vehicle market, it is appropriate to lower the cost and improve the energy density of lithium-ion batteries by adopting the Co-free and Ni-rich layered cathodes.However, their practical application is severely limited by structural instability and slow kinetics. Herein,ultrahigh-nickel cobalt-free LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cathode is elaborate designed via in-situ trace substitution of tungsten by a wet co-precipitation method following by high-temperature sintering. It is revealed that the in-situ doping strategy of high valence W^(6+) can effectively improve the structure stability by reducing irreversible phase transition and suppressing the formation of microcracks. Moreover, the transformed fine particles determined by W-doping can facilitate the kinetic characteristics by shortening Li^(+) diffusion paths. As expected, 0.3 mol% W-doped LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cathode exhibits a high specific capacity of 143.5 mAh/g after 200 cycles at high rate of 5 C in the wide potential range of 2.8-4.5 V, representing a potential next-generation cathode with low-cost, high energy-density and fast-charging capabilities.
基金the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.21225625)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21176087)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20110172110013)
文摘Cobalt-free perovskite-type oxides BaFel_yTayO3-6 （0 _〈 y -〈 0.2） were synthesized via a simple solid state reac- tion. The cubic perovskite structure can be obtained when y is over 0.1. BaFeo.Ta0.lO3-6 （BFT0.1） membrane shows the highest oxygen permeation flux, which can reach 1.6 ml. min- 1. cm-2 at 950 ℃ under the gradient of air/He. The O2-TPD results reveal that BaFe0.9Ta0.lO3-a material shows an excellent reversibility and phase structure stability in air. The oxygen permeation flux is limited by the bulk diffusion when the membrane thick- ness is over 0.8 mm, and it is limited by both the bulk diffusion and the surface exchange when the membrane thickness is below 0.5 mm. Stable oxygen permeation fluxes are obtained during 180 h operation.
基金This work was financially supported by a startup R&D funding from One-Hundred Young Talents Program of Guangdong University of Technology,China(No.220413180)a Foundation for Youth Innovative Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong Province,China(No.2018KQNCX060)+1 种基金Joint Funds of Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2019A1515110322)grants from Research Grant Council,University Grants Committee,Hong Kong SAR(Nos.PolyU 152214/17E and PolyU 152064/18E).
文摘In response to the shortcomings of cobalt-rich cathodes, iron-based perovskite oxides appear as promising alternatives for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, their inferior electrochemical performance at reduced temperatures (<700 ℃) becomes a major bottleneck for future progress. Here, a novel cobalt-free perovskite Ba_(0.75)Sr_(0.25)Fe_(0.875)Ga_(0.125)O_(3−δ) (BSFG) is developed as an efficient oxygen reduction electrode for SOFCs, featuring cubic-symmetry structure, large oxygen vacancy concentration and fast oxygen transport. Benefiting from these merits, cells incorporated with BSFG achieve exceptionally high electrochemical performance, as evidenced by a low polarization area-specific resistance of 0.074 Ω cm^(2) and a high peak power density of 1145 mW cm^(−2) at 600 ℃. Meanwhile, a robust short-term performance stability of BSFG cathode can be ascribed to the stable crystalline structure and favorable thermal expansion behavior. First-principles computations are also conducted to understanding the superior activity and durability toward oxygen reduction reaction. These pave the way for rationally developing highly active and robust cobalt-free perovskite-type cathode materials for reduced-temperature SOFCs.
基金financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022QB140)the PhD Initiation Program of Liaocheng University (318052138)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023MB002 and ZR2021MB114)。
文摘Cobalt-free cathode materials are attractive for their high capacity and low cost,yet they still encounter issues with structural and surface instability.AlPO_(4),in particular,has garnered attention as an effective stabilizer for bulk and surface.However,the impact of interfacial reactions and elemental interdiffusion between AlPO_(4) and LiNi_(0.95)Mn_(0.05)O_(2) upon sintering on the bulk and surface remains elusive.In this study,we demonstrate that during the heat treatment process,AlPO_(4) decomposes,resulting in Al doping into the bulk of the cathode through elemental interdiffusion.Simultaneously,PO_(4)^(3-)reacts with the surface Li of material to form a Li_3PO_(4) coating,inducing lithium deficiency,thereby increasing Li/Ni mixing.The suitable Li/Ni mixing,previously overlooked in AlPO_(4) modification,plays a pivotal role in stabilizing the bulk and surface,exceeding the synergy of Al doping and Li_3PO_(4) coating.The presence of Ni^(2+)ions in the lithium layers contributes to the stabilization of the delithiated structure via a structural pillar effect.Moreover,suitable Li/Ni mixing can stabilize the lattice oxygen and electrode-electrolyte interface by increasing oxygen removal energy and reducing the overlap between the Ni^(3+/4+)e_g and O^(2-)2p orbitals.These findings offer new perspectives for the design of stable cobalt-free cathode materials.
基金the financial supports from the Key Research and Development Project in Shaanxi Province(2023-YBGY-446)the Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering(2022SX-TD003)。
文摘Layer-type LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2is promising to be the primary cathode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to its excellent electrochemical performance.Unfortunately,the cathode with high nickel content suffers from severely detrimental structural transformation that causes rapid capacity attenuation.Herein,site-specific dual-doping with Fe and Mg ions is proposed to enhance the structural stability of LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2.The Fe3+dopants are inserted into transition metal sites(3b)and can favorably provide additional redox potential to compensate for charge and enhance the reversibility of anionic redox.The Mg ions are doped into the Li sites(3a)and serve as O_(2)^(-)-Mg^(2+)-O_(2)^(-)pillar to reinforce the electrostatic cohesion between the two adjacent transition-metal layers,which further suppress the cracking and the generation of harmful phase transitions,ultimately improving the cyclability.The theoretical calculations,including Bader charge and crystal orbital Hamilton populations(COHP)analyses,confirm that the doped Fe and Mg can form stable bonds with oxygen and the electrostatic repulsion of O_(2)^(-)-O_(2)^(-)can be effectively suppressed,which effectively mitigates oxygen anion loss at the high delithiation state.This dual-site doping strategy offers new avenues for understanding and regulating the crystalline oxygen redox and demonstrates significant potential for designing high-performance cobalt-free nickel-rich cathodes.
基金support from the National Key Research&Development Project(2022YFB4002201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52172199,52072135,52002121)+1 种基金Hubei Province(2023BAB115)Jiangsu Province(BZ2022027).
文摘Reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells(R-PCECs)are ideal,high-effi ciency devices that are environmentally friendly and have a modular design.This paper studies BaFe_(0.6)Zr_(0.1)Y_(0.3)O_(3−δ)(BFZY3)as a cobalt-free perovskite oxygen electrode for high-performance R-PCECs where Y ions doping can increase the concentration of oxygen vacancies with a remarkable increase in catalytic performance.The cell with confi guration of Ni-BZCYYb/BZCYYb/BFZY3 demonstrated promising performance in dual modes of fuel cells(FCs)and electrolysis cells(ECs)at 650℃with low polarization resistance of 0.13Ωcm^(2),peak power density of 546.59 mW/cm^(2)in FC mode,and current density of−1.03 A/cm^(2)at 1.3 V in EC mode.The alternative operation between FC and EC modes for up to eight cycles with a total of 80 h suggests that the cell with BFZY3 is exceptionally stable and reversible over the long term.The results indicated that BFZY3 has considerable potential as an air electrode material for R-PCECs,permitting effi cient oxygen reduction and water splitting.
基金funded by the Key R&D Program of Jilin Province(20220201132GX)the Key R&D Program of Hubei Province(2022BAA084)the Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization(RERU2023008)。
文摘Ultra-high nickel cobalt-free lithium layered oxides are promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)because of their relatively high capacity and low cost.Nevertheless,the high nickel content would induce bulk structure degradation and interfacial environment deterioration,and the absence of Co element reduces the lithium diffusion kinetics,severely limiting the performance liberation of this kind of cathodes.Herein,a multifunctional Ti/Zr dual cation co-doping strategy has been employed to improve the lithium storage performance of LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NM91)cathode.On the one hand,the Ti/Zr co-doping weakens the Li^(+)/Ni^(2+)mixing through magnetic interactions due to the inexistence of unpaired electrons for Ti^(4+)and Zr^(4+),increasing the lithium diffusion rate and suppressing the harmful coexistence of H1 and H2 phases.On the other hand,they enhance the lattice oxygen stability because of the strong Ti-O and Zr-O bonds,inhibiting the undesired H3 phase transition and lattice oxygen loss,improving the bulk structure and cathode-electrolyte interface stability.As a result,the Ti/Zr co-doped NM91(NMTZ)exhibits a 91.2%capacity retention rate after 100 cycles,while that of NM91 is only82.9%.Also,the NMTZ displays better rate performance than NM91 with output capacities of 115 and93 mA h g^(-1)at a high current density of 5 C,respectively.Moreover,the designed NMTZ could enable the full battery to deliver an energy density up to 263 W h kg^(-1),making the ultra-high nickel cobaltfree lithium layered oxide cathode closer to practical applications.
文摘The 18Ni 300 grade cobalt-free maraging steel T300 was successfully manufactured on an industrial scale by application of vacuum induction melting （VIM） and vacuum arc remelting （VAR） process at Baosteel. With the content of O and N less than 15 ppm and 10 ppm respectively （ 1 ppm = 10 -6 ） ,the T300 steel produced by Baosteel obtained a high degree of purity and a good combination of ultra-high strength and fracture toughness. The effects of solution temperature and ageing temperature on tensile property of solution-treated and aged T300 steel were investigated. The results show that the solution temperature slightly influences the strength of the solution-treated steel, indicating that the solution strengthening rather than the grain boundary strengthening is more important to the solution-treated steel. For the solution-treated T300, the elongation and reduction of area don＇t change much with a rising solution temperature, and remain above 17% and 70% respectively at the solution temperature ranging from 800℃ to 1200℃. For the aged T300 steel,the strength and elongation are reduced with an increasing solution temperature, and the solution temperature has a greater effect on the reduction of area than that on the elongation. The reduction of area of the aged steel reaches a high peak when the solution temperature reaches 920℃. The experimental data indicates that precipitation strengthening makes a contribution of l 100 MPa to the tensile strength of the aged steel. The ageing temperature exerts a greater effect on the strength than on the elongation and reduction of area. The steel achieves a better combination of strength and toughness at the peak ageing temperature of 500℃.
文摘Cobalt-free maraging steels of different compositions have been prepared by electro-slag remelting technique using titanium and chromium instead of cobalt. Neutron removal cross-sections have been calculated, also mass attenuation coefficients and effective electron densities have been determined for the prepared samples in the photon energy range up to 2.8 MeV. Other steel alloys and lead samples have also been investigated for the sake of comparison. The results prove the superiority of cobalt-free maraging steels compared with the other steel types to be used as a proper shielding material in the nuclear field. Among the investigated steels, the steel “0.045%C- 13.35%Ni-2.05%Cr-4.5%Mo-0.06%Ti” has the best attenuation properties.
文摘Cobalt-free alloy of constituent’s “0.045%C-12.73%Ni-6.53%Cr-3.2%Mo-0.02%Ti-0.01%V” has been prepared by electro slag remelting technique. Mass attenuation coefficient, half value layer and effective atomic number have been determined for the prepared sample at photon energies 235 - 2700 keV. The results are compared with the corresponding theoretical calculations based on XCOM program and a fair agreement is obtained.
基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(50735005)Youth Foundation of Shanxi Province(2008021030)Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(2009011028-1)
文摘The influence of different solution temperature on microstructure and impact toughness of cobalt-free maraging steel 00Ni14Cr3Mo3Ti was investigated by SEM and X-Ray diffractometer.The experimental results showed that with the solution temperature variation,the martensite morphology has not changed,is still lath martensite.Undissolved Laves phase hindered the dislocation movement after 750℃solution heat treatment,which result in a very low impact absorbed energy,the impact fracture has no obvious plastic deformation,with bad toughness.With the solution temperature increased,the undissolved phase gradually dissolved,the impact absorbed energy increased gradually.All the Laves phase dissolved when reach to 900℃,the impact absorbed energy reaches the maximum,is 61 J.Fracture morphology change from brittle fracture into toughness transgranular fracture with deep dimple.When solution temperature is above 900℃,with the solution temperature further increase,austenite grain size increases significantly.Average grain diameter of austenite is about 70μm after 1050℃solution treatment,the density of precipitates on the grain boundary of maraging steel is increase substantially,deformation compatibility deteriorate,which result in the impact absorbed energy decreased significantly.Fracture type becomes transgranular and quasi-cleavage mixed fracture with the characteristics of the river patterns from ductile transgranular fracture.
