Coasting in gear is a common driving mode for the conventional vehicle equipped with the internal combustion engine（ICE）, and the assistant braking function of ICE is utilized to decelerate the vehicle in this mode....Coasting in gear is a common driving mode for the conventional vehicle equipped with the internal combustion engine（ICE）, and the assistant braking function of ICE is utilized to decelerate the vehicle in this mode. However, the electric vehicle（EV） does not have this feature in the coasting mode due to the relatively small inertia of the driving motor, so it will cause the driver cannot obtain the similar driving feeling to that of the conventional vehicle, and even a traffic accident may occur if the driver cannot immediately adapt to the changes. In this paper, the coasting control for EV is researched based on the driving feeling. A conventional vehicle equipped with continuously variable transmission（CVT） is taken as the reference vehicle, and the combined simulation model of EV is established based on AVL CRUISE and MATLAB/Simulink. The torque characteristic of the CVT output shaft is measured in coasting mode, and the data are smoothed and fitted to a polynomial curve. For the EV in coasting mode, if the state of charge（SOC） of the battery is below 95%, the polynomial curve is used as the control target for the torque characteristic of the driving motor, otherwise, the required torque is replaced by hydraulic braking torque to keep the same deceleration. The co-simulation of Matlab/Simulink/Stateflow and AVL CRUISE, as well as the hardware-in-loop experiment combined with d SPACE are carried out to verify the effectiveness and the real-time performance of the control algorithm. The results show that the EV with coasting braking control system has similar driving feeling to that of the reference vehicle, meanwhile, the battery SOC can be increased by 0.036% and 0.021% in the initial speed of 100 km/h and 50 km/h, respectively. The proposed control algorithm for EV is beneficial to improve the driving feeling in coasting mode, and it also makes the EV has the assistant braking function.展开更多
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of two methods in preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) with cabergoline and coasting. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (R...Objective: To compare the effectiveness of two methods in preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) with cabergoline and coasting. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Patients: Women were considered as have risk of OHSS undergoing fertility treatment. Interventions: Cabergoline, coasting. Result: There were included five RCT studies. The clinical pregnancy rate was no significantly difference between two groups (RR 1.22, 95% CI [0.86, 1.71]), implantation rate (RR 1.00, 95% CI [0.75, 1.32]), severe OHSS (RR 0.93, 95% CI [0.38, 2.31]), fertilization rate (SMD 0.70, 95% CI [-0.10, 1.50]), number of oocytes retrieved (SMD 0.80, 95% CI [0.30, 1.30]), number of embryo transfer (SMD-0.04, 95% CI [-0.24, 0.17]), E2 value on the day of HCG injection (SMD 0.21, 95% CI [-0.25, 0.68]), number of MII oocytes (SMD 0.71, 95% CI [0.32, 1.11]), abortion rate (RR 0.61, 95% CI [0.21, 1.83]), number of follicles > 17 mm on day of HCG (SMD -0.01, 95% CI [-0.26, 0.24]), number of follicles 15 - 17 mm on day of HCG (SMD -0.08, 95% CI [-0.33, 0.17]), number of follicles 10 - 14 mm on day of HCG (SMD -0.06, 95% CI [-0.31, 0.19]). Conclusion: Both cabergoline and coasting prevent the occurrence of OHSS, but no statistically significant difference between them. Compared with coasting group, a daily dose of 0.5 mg cabergoline significantly increased the number of oocytes retrieved, MII oocytes, and fertilization rate, but decreased the abortion rate.展开更多
Objective To assess the efficacy of adding Gn-releasing hormone antagonist（GnR HA） on the day of hC G triggering in a long luteal protocol without withholding the agonist in women who are at a risk to develop ovaria...Objective To assess the efficacy of adding Gn-releasing hormone antagonist（GnR HA） on the day of hC G triggering in a long luteal protocol without withholding the agonist in women who are at a risk to develop ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome（OHSS）.Methods This was a retrospective cohort study conducted upon 50 women who have elevated serum estradiol（E2） level 〉4 500 ng/L at the day of ovum triggering with hC G on a long agonist luteal protocol of controlled ovarian stimulation（COS）. When an exaggerated ovarian response was observed around day 10 of stimulation, immediately the next morning at 6 a.m. gonadotropin administration was stopped or reduced, and a single dose of ganirelix acetate（antagonist） was given sc continuation of the agonist dose hC G. Another serum E2 measurement was done at 6 p.m.（after 12 h of antagonist） then hC G, sc 250 mg and choriogonadotropin α were administered 14 h later after antagonist and documented the reduction of E2 level. Oocyte retrieval was conducted after 34-36 h of hC G administration. The measured outcomes were the level of E2 on the day of hC G injection, number of oocytes and their quality, pregnancy rate and the occurrence of OHSS and its grade in case it happened.Results The total dose for recombinant FSH was 25.3±6.4 ampoules（75 IU/ampoule） while it was 11.0±3.0 ampoules for the urinary hM G. A higher oocyte maturation rate（82.8%） and a high fertilization rate（87.8%） were observed. The mean endometrial thickness was 10.1±1.0 mm on the day of hC G triggering. The higher fertilization rate with the good endometrial thickness observed resulting in a higher pregnancy rate（78.0%, 39/50） with statistically significant（P〈0.05）. A significant reduction of E2 level was documented by a percentage around 40% before hC Ginjection. There were no reported cases of severe or moderate OHSS, however 13 cases（26%） were reported to have mild OHSS constituting.Conclusion Acceleration of coasting in cases of OHSS through treatment with GnR HA after pituitary suppression with GnR H agonist（GnR H-a） offered a novel approach to decrease E2 level, avoided cycle cancellation, and maintain excellent oocyte maturation rate, and finally result in high pregnancy rate with prevention of OHSS.展开更多
Objectives: Evaluation of outcome follicular aspiration compared to coating procedure for infertile women undergoing ICSI regarding frequency and severity of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Patients & Me...Objectives: Evaluation of outcome follicular aspiration compared to coating procedure for infertile women undergoing ICSI regarding frequency and severity of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Patients & Methods: Infertile PCOS women underwent controlled ovarian stimulation with luteal phase GnRH-agonist long down-regulation protocol. Women developed serum E2 level > 4000 pg/ml and/or >20 follicles of ≥10 mm in diameter were randomly divided to receive coasting strategy (Coasting group) or TVU-guided aspiration (Aspiration group). When ≥3 follicles were ≥18 mm and serum E2 level was and 10,000 IU was administered 36 h before oocyte retrieval, and ICSI was performed 72-hr thereafter and the frequency of moderate-to-severe OHSS was determined. Results: 82 women developed criteria for categorization and 21 women (25.6%) developed moderate-to-severe OHSS;5 women of aspiration and 16 of Coasting group;with significantly (P = 0.005) lower frequency in aspiration group. Twenty women developed ascites;3 women had clinically detectable, while 17 women had US detected ascites with significantly (P = 0.039) higher frequency among women that had coasting. All other manifestations of OHSS were significantly lower with aspiration procedure. Both coasting and aspiration therapy significantly reduced serum E2 and ovarian diameter on day of hCG injection compared to estimates taken at time of categorization. Conclusion: Coasting procedure prior to hCG injection could decrease incidence of OHSS and lessens its manifestation. Follicular aspiration provided more superior results and improved outcome of these women. Any of these modalities could be provided to infertile high-risk women according to the availability of experiences and patients’ selection.展开更多
Coasting is the most popular modality for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, but this procedure has not been evaluated in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with GnRH antag...Coasting is the most popular modality for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, but this procedure has not been evaluated in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with GnRH antagonists. The impact of coasting in a cycle in which GnRH antagonist is used was evaluated in 29 women, and it was found that coasting did not deleteriously affect the outcome in high-responder patients undergoing COH with GnRH antagonists.展开更多
Objective: To examine the effect of withholding gonadotropins on the outcome of embryos after cryopreservation and thawing. Design: Retrospective clinical evaluation of patients having cryopreserved-thawed ET trials w...Objective: To examine the effect of withholding gonadotropins on the outcome of embryos after cryopreservation and thawing. Design: Retrospective clinical evaluation of patients having cryopreserved-thawed ET trials with coasting during the corresponding ovarian stimulation cycle. Setting: Academic tertiary clinical care unit. Patient(s): Patients with cryopreserved embryos having coasting in their fresh IVF cycle and age-matched controls without coasting, both groups receiving the same stimulation protocol (long GnRH agonist plus recombinant FSH). Intervention(s): All patients had a cycle in which embryos were transferred fresh and a cycle of thawing of cryopreserved embryos with the aim of transferring in a steroid-supplemented cycle. Main Outcome Measure(s): Embryo survival, implantation, and clinical pregnancy rates. Result(s): Post-thawing embryo survival (66.4%vs 73%), implantation (12.3%vs 13.0%), and clinical pregnancy rates (31.5%vs 38.0%) were similar in study and control groups, respectively. Patients with coasting for ≥3 days had significantly lower post-thawing embryo survival rates compared with patients having shorter duration of coasting (< 3 days) and controls. Implantation and pregnancy rates, however, were similar in the three groups. Conclusion(s): Coasting did not seem to have a detrimental effect on oocyte and embryo quality because the implantation competence of transferred concepti after cryopreservation and thawing was similar to that of controls. However, prolonged coasting (≥3 days) had a subtle negative impact on the post-thaw survival rate.展开更多
Find It What do boat captai ns try to do?W hale and dolphin watching is a popular thing to do off the coast of Hualien.*It is an amazing adventure!Imagine this:You are on a boat.Then a big whale jumps out of the water.
Fragmentation entails the disruption of habitat continuity,leading to anticipated species mobility as a consequence of inter-patch connectivity.Variability in species richness and individual abundances is a natural ou...Fragmentation entails the disruption of habitat continuity,leading to anticipated species mobility as a consequence of inter-patch connectivity.Variability in species richness and individual abundances is a natural outcome in such scenarios.Our objective was to examine the edge effect within fragmented intertidal macroalgae habitats,employing the associated epifauna as a study model.This study reveals disparities in both species richness and individual abundance within the epifauna community inhabiting intertidal macroalgae during the spring season.Samples were obtained from two distinct coastal locations characterized by fragmented habitats.This enabled us to assess the distinctions in communities impacted by the edge effect as well as spatial variations.The results indicate a trend where abundance tends to be higher in the innermost regions of the patch zone in one location,while species richness remains relatively consistent across different patch zones,i.e.,edge,near-edge,and inner areas by descriptive univariate analysis and ANOVA.Margalef richness and Simpson dominance are consistently higher from inner areas to edge,whilst Pielou evenness showed the contrasting trend,being higher from edge to inner areas.The patch effect seems to be a primary driver of differences among epifaunal communities.Additionally,spatial variations contribute significantly to the variability observed in these communities by the permutational multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA)and non-metric multidimensional scaling(n-MDS).To gain a comprehensive understanding of the edge effect,further investigations examining other substrates,different months,or additional locations are warranted.展开更多
INTRODUCTION WITH HISTORICAL AND DIPLOMATIC BACKGROUND.Situated at the southern part of the Adriatic coast,Montenegro is a small country in size but is gaining importance in international economic and geopolitical aff...INTRODUCTION WITH HISTORICAL AND DIPLOMATIC BACKGROUND.Situated at the southern part of the Adriatic coast,Montenegro is a small country in size but is gaining importance in international economic and geopolitical affairs.Over the past decade,it has found itself balancing between the East and the West-aspiring to join the European Union(EU),while staying open to global partnerships,particularly with China.展开更多
Active atmospheric convection on the monsoon coast is crucial for the Earth’s climate system.In particular,the upscale convective growth(UCG)from ordinary isolated convection to organized convective system is a key p...Active atmospheric convection on the monsoon coast is crucial for the Earth’s climate system.In particular,the upscale convective growth(UCG)from ordinary isolated convection to organized convective system is a key process causing severe weather,but its activities on the monsoon coast are less understood because of the lack of fine-resolution datasets.For the first time,we present the climatology of UCG on a typical monsoon coast using kilometer-mesh radar data from southern China.The UCG undergoes pronounced subseasonal and diurnal variations in the early-summer rainy season.The subseasonal UCG increase is attributed to the onshore flows shifting from easterlies in April to monsoon southwesterlies in June.UCG becomes vigorous following summer monsoon onset,with hotspots near windward coastal mountains.Daytime UCG first peaks near noontime along coastal land,where onshore flows are destabilized by boundary-layer heating and mountains.Afternoon inland peaks and off-coast minimums are recognized due to land–sea thermal contrast and sea-breeze circulation.Nighttime UCG is revived at the coast by nocturnally enhanced southerlies,followed by offshore activity as the convergence of land-breeze northerlies shifts seaward.The UCG thus responds strongly to changing atmospheric conditions,land heating/cooling,and thermally driven local circulations.Our results may help clarify the predictability of monsoon coastal convection.展开更多
This study aims to understand the behavior of the Bugis community in developing vernacular house models in the coastal areas of South Sulawesi Province,along with the factors influencing this behavior,such as knowledg...This study aims to understand the behavior of the Bugis community in developing vernacular house models in the coastal areas of South Sulawesi Province,along with the factors influencing this behavior,such as knowledge,motivation,attitude,locus of control,commitment,concern,and income level.Bugis vernacular houses reflect local wisdom that is adapted to environmental,socio-cultural conditions,and the challenges of modernization.This correlational research was conducted in the regencies of Pangkajene and Kepulauan,Barru,and Bone,with a sample of 300 household heads.The variables analyzed include knowledge,motivation,attitude,locus of control,commitment,concern,and income level.Data were collected through knowledge tests and questionnaires and were analyzed using simple and multiple regression tech-niques.The results show that the Bugis community’s behavior in developing vernacular houses is moderate.Individually,motivation,locus of control,commitment,and concern significantly influence behavior,while knowledge,attitude,and income do not have a significant impact.However,collectively,all independent variables(knowledge,motivation,attitude,locus of control,commitment,concern,and income)affect the behavior of the Bugis community in developing vernacular houses in coastal areas.This study provides valuable insights into the environmental and social adaptations of the Bugis coastal community,as well as efforts to preserve culture through the sustainable development of vernacular houses.展开更多
The Agulhas Current is a major western boundary current flowing polewards on the southeast coast of South Africa.This analysis assesses its characteristics and suitability to generate power as a source of clean renewa...The Agulhas Current is a major western boundary current flowing polewards on the southeast coast of South Africa.This analysis assesses its characteristics and suitability to generate power as a source of clean renewable energy.On a section of coastline some 400 km long,over a period spanning more than 5 years an extensive set of current measurements was obtained.These data confirmed that south-westward currents with a speed greater than 1.2 m s^(-1)occurred over more than 60%of the recorded time;such ocean current speeds compare very favourably to winds required for energy generation.These currents occurred at the continental shelf break in water depths around 100 m,in the upper 50 m of the water column.Occasional current slowdowns and reversals did occur,with the major influence coming from‘Natal Pulses’,which are large-scale meanders in the Current that temporarily reversed the currents at the measurement sites.However,because of the surface temperature structure of the relevant water masses,such meanders can be identified in satellite imagery giving a few days advance warning of such current reversals.The characteristics of western boundary currents have been known for many years,but at Present,there is no operational system where this source of power is being utilised.It has tremendous potential for renewable energy generation,but is symptomatic of the many engineering challenges that still have to be solved to make such generation economically viable.展开更多
Under the steadily intensifying human activities in coastal areas,it is crucial to distinguish the sources of organic matter(OM)in sediments for better understanding of the environmental change.In this study,25 surfac...Under the steadily intensifying human activities in coastal areas,it is crucial to distinguish the sources of organic matter(OM)in sediments for better understanding of the environmental change.In this study,25 surface sediments collected along the harbor and creeks areas off Karachi coast were used for total organic carbon(TOC),total nitrogen(TN),stable carbon(δ^(13)C)and nitrogen(δ^(15)N)isotopic compositions,phytoplankton biomarkers(brassicasterol,dinosterol and cholesterol)and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers(GDGTs)analyses,to trace the distribution of OM and identify its sources.TOC,TN,δ^(13)C,and δ^(15)N are in the range of 0.04% to 5.28%,0.01% to 0.57%,-17.55‰ to -26.31‰,and 2.83‰ to 6.04‰,respectively.C/N values range from 4.24 to 21.04.The δ^(13)C,δ^(15)N,C/N,BIT(Branched Isoprenoid Tetraether)index together with phytoplankton biomarkers show both marine and terrestrial OM input to the creeks and Harbor stations.In contrast,the stations from Western Coast indicate a marine source predominance.A clearly impact of human activities is seen from sediments near river mouths.展开更多
Ongoing wind energy developments play a key role in mitigating the global effects of climate change and the energy crisis;however,they have complex ecological consequences for many flying animals.The Yellow Sea coast ...Ongoing wind energy developments play a key role in mitigating the global effects of climate change and the energy crisis;however,they have complex ecological consequences for many flying animals.The Yellow Sea coast is considered as an ecological bottleneck for migratory waterbirds along the East Asian–Australasian flyway(EAAF),and is also an important wind farm base in China.However,the effects of large-scale onshore wind farms along the EAAF on multidimensional waterbird diversity,and how to mitigate these effects,remain unclear.Here we examined how wind farms and their surrounding landscapes affected multidimensional waterbird diversity along the Yellow Sea coast.Taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity of the waterbird assemblages,and mean pairwise distances and nearest taxon distances with null models were quantified in relation to 4 different wind turbine densities.We also measured 6 landscape variables.Multi-dimensional waterbird diversity(taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity)significantly decreased with increasing wind turbine density.Functional and phylogenetic structures tended to be clustered in waterbird communities,and environmental filtering drove waterbird community assemblages.Furthermore,waterbird diversity was regulated by a combination of wind turbine density and landscape variables,with edge density of aquaculture ponds,in addition to wind turbine density,having the greatest independent contribution to waterbird diversity.These results suggest that attempts to mitigate the impact of wind farms on waterbird diversity could involve the landscape transformation of wind farm regions,for example,by including high-edge-density aquaculture ponds(i.e.,industrial ponds)around wind farms,instead of traditional low-edge-density aquaculture ponds.展开更多
Limestone is one of the essential raw materials in the cement,paint,steel,ceramic,glass,chemical,pharmaceutical,paper,and fertilizer industries.In India,only 8%of the limestone resources are placed under the reserve c...Limestone is one of the essential raw materials in the cement,paint,steel,ceramic,glass,chemical,pharmaceutical,paper,and fertilizer industries.In India,only 8%of the limestone resources are placed under the reserve category,of which 97%is of cement grade.Thus,India depends on imports to bridge the demand‐supply gap of steel,blast furnace,and chemical‐grade limestone.Efforts of Geological Survey of India(GSI)to locate alternate sources for limestone led to the discovery of enormous quantities of carbonate minerals called limemud from the continental shelf margin of the west coast of India.GSI carried out systematic studies to explore the nature of the disposition,quality,quantity,and suitability of the offshore limemud for various industrial applications.A preliminary estimate of resources using high‐resolution subbottom profiling and sediment core sample studies established the occurrence of more than 172 billion tonnes of high‐grade(The content of CaCO3 is greater than 80 wt%)limemud in 0.4–28.0m thick stratified sediment layers spread over an area of 18000 km2.Chemical,physical,mineralogical,beneficiation,and agglomeration studies found the offshore limemud as a potential replacement for limestone in the cement,filler,blast furnace,steel melting shop,lime production,paint,and Grade‐I steel industries.An assessment of mining and transportation costs indicates that the offshore limemud(USD 5–6/ton)is more cost‐effective than that imported from other countries(USD16‐18/ton).With several advantageous factors like low impurity,mode of occurrence in overburden‐free stratified form,fine‐grained slurry nature,and shallow water depth,sustainable mining of offshore limemud could be a future reality with controllable technological,economic,and environmental challenges.展开更多
Ecosystem services(ESs)refer to the continuous provisioning of ecosystem goods and services that benefit human beings.Over recent decades,rapid urbanization has exerted significant pressure on coastal ecosystems,resul...Ecosystem services(ESs)refer to the continuous provisioning of ecosystem goods and services that benefit human beings.Over recent decades,rapid urbanization has exerted significant pressure on coastal ecosystems,resulting in biodiversity and habitat loss,environmental pollution,and the depletion of natural resources.In response to these environmental challenges,the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)were proposed.Given the pressing need to address these issues,understanding the changes in ESs under the SDGs is crucial for formulating specific ecological strategies.In this study,we first analyzed land use and cover change in the Zhejiang coasts of China during 2000–2020.Then,we investigated the spatiotemporal configuration of ESs by integrating carbon storage(CS),soil retention(SR),habitat quality(HQ)and water yield(WY)using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model.The driving mechanisms of ESs,which varied by space and time,were also explored using the Geo-detector method.The results revealed that,over the past two decades:1)the Zhejiang coasts have experienced a significant increase of 2783.72 km^(2) in built-up land areas and a continuous decrease in farmland areas due to rapid urbanization;2)owing to higher precipitation,extensive vegetation cover,and reduced anthropogenic disturbances,forests emerge as a crucial land use type for maintaining ecosystem services such as HQ,CS,WY,and SR;3)ESs have generally declined across the entire Zhejiang coasts,with a significant decrease observed in the northern areas and an increase in the southern areas spatially;4)the expansion of built-up land areas emerged as the primary factor affecting ecosystem services,while the vegetation factor has been increasingly significant and is expected to become predominant in the near future.Our study provides insights of understanding of ecosystem service theory and emphasizing the importance of preserving biodiversity for long-term sustainable development,and valuable scientific references to support the ecological management decision-making for local governments.展开更多
Introduction: Human rabies is a major public health problem in many African countries, including Côte d’Ivoire. The present work aims at describing the eco-epidemiological characteristics of human rabies cases r...Introduction: Human rabies is a major public health problem in many African countries, including Côte d’Ivoire. The present work aims at describing the eco-epidemiological characteristics of human rabies cases recorded in Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: This was a retrospective and prospective cross-sectional descriptive study based on epidemiological surveillance data that ran from september 2014 to december 2017. The clinical data were extracted from the database of the human rabies epidemiological surveillance management service of the National Institute of Public Hygiene’s rabies centre. These data cover the period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017. Results: Human rabies is endemic in Côte d’Ivoire, with most people exposed in the south and especially in the west of the country. There was no association between any of the climatological parameters (temperature, humidity, rainfall) and the occurrence of human rabies during the months of exposure to rabies infection. Conclusion: Ultimately, effective prevention and control of human rabies requires a thorough understanding of the links between climatological parameters and rabies. Health authorities must take ownership of these results if we are to achieve our goal of eliminating rabies by 2030.展开更多
基金Supported by Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project of China(Grant Nos.2013B010402006,2013B010405007,2013B090600024)
文摘Coasting in gear is a common driving mode for the conventional vehicle equipped with the internal combustion engine（ICE）, and the assistant braking function of ICE is utilized to decelerate the vehicle in this mode. However, the electric vehicle（EV） does not have this feature in the coasting mode due to the relatively small inertia of the driving motor, so it will cause the driver cannot obtain the similar driving feeling to that of the conventional vehicle, and even a traffic accident may occur if the driver cannot immediately adapt to the changes. In this paper, the coasting control for EV is researched based on the driving feeling. A conventional vehicle equipped with continuously variable transmission（CVT） is taken as the reference vehicle, and the combined simulation model of EV is established based on AVL CRUISE and MATLAB/Simulink. The torque characteristic of the CVT output shaft is measured in coasting mode, and the data are smoothed and fitted to a polynomial curve. For the EV in coasting mode, if the state of charge（SOC） of the battery is below 95%, the polynomial curve is used as the control target for the torque characteristic of the driving motor, otherwise, the required torque is replaced by hydraulic braking torque to keep the same deceleration. The co-simulation of Matlab/Simulink/Stateflow and AVL CRUISE, as well as the hardware-in-loop experiment combined with d SPACE are carried out to verify the effectiveness and the real-time performance of the control algorithm. The results show that the EV with coasting braking control system has similar driving feeling to that of the reference vehicle, meanwhile, the battery SOC can be increased by 0.036% and 0.021% in the initial speed of 100 km/h and 50 km/h, respectively. The proposed control algorithm for EV is beneficial to improve the driving feeling in coasting mode, and it also makes the EV has the assistant braking function.
文摘Objective: To compare the effectiveness of two methods in preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) with cabergoline and coasting. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Patients: Women were considered as have risk of OHSS undergoing fertility treatment. Interventions: Cabergoline, coasting. Result: There were included five RCT studies. The clinical pregnancy rate was no significantly difference between two groups (RR 1.22, 95% CI [0.86, 1.71]), implantation rate (RR 1.00, 95% CI [0.75, 1.32]), severe OHSS (RR 0.93, 95% CI [0.38, 2.31]), fertilization rate (SMD 0.70, 95% CI [-0.10, 1.50]), number of oocytes retrieved (SMD 0.80, 95% CI [0.30, 1.30]), number of embryo transfer (SMD-0.04, 95% CI [-0.24, 0.17]), E2 value on the day of HCG injection (SMD 0.21, 95% CI [-0.25, 0.68]), number of MII oocytes (SMD 0.71, 95% CI [0.32, 1.11]), abortion rate (RR 0.61, 95% CI [0.21, 1.83]), number of follicles > 17 mm on day of HCG (SMD -0.01, 95% CI [-0.26, 0.24]), number of follicles 15 - 17 mm on day of HCG (SMD -0.08, 95% CI [-0.33, 0.17]), number of follicles 10 - 14 mm on day of HCG (SMD -0.06, 95% CI [-0.31, 0.19]). Conclusion: Both cabergoline and coasting prevent the occurrence of OHSS, but no statistically significant difference between them. Compared with coasting group, a daily dose of 0.5 mg cabergoline significantly increased the number of oocytes retrieved, MII oocytes, and fertilization rate, but decreased the abortion rate.
文摘Objective To assess the efficacy of adding Gn-releasing hormone antagonist（GnR HA） on the day of hC G triggering in a long luteal protocol without withholding the agonist in women who are at a risk to develop ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome（OHSS）.Methods This was a retrospective cohort study conducted upon 50 women who have elevated serum estradiol（E2） level 〉4 500 ng/L at the day of ovum triggering with hC G on a long agonist luteal protocol of controlled ovarian stimulation（COS）. When an exaggerated ovarian response was observed around day 10 of stimulation, immediately the next morning at 6 a.m. gonadotropin administration was stopped or reduced, and a single dose of ganirelix acetate（antagonist） was given sc continuation of the agonist dose hC G. Another serum E2 measurement was done at 6 p.m.（after 12 h of antagonist） then hC G, sc 250 mg and choriogonadotropin α were administered 14 h later after antagonist and documented the reduction of E2 level. Oocyte retrieval was conducted after 34-36 h of hC G administration. The measured outcomes were the level of E2 on the day of hC G injection, number of oocytes and their quality, pregnancy rate and the occurrence of OHSS and its grade in case it happened.Results The total dose for recombinant FSH was 25.3±6.4 ampoules（75 IU/ampoule） while it was 11.0±3.0 ampoules for the urinary hM G. A higher oocyte maturation rate（82.8%） and a high fertilization rate（87.8%） were observed. The mean endometrial thickness was 10.1±1.0 mm on the day of hC G triggering. The higher fertilization rate with the good endometrial thickness observed resulting in a higher pregnancy rate（78.0%, 39/50） with statistically significant（P〈0.05）. A significant reduction of E2 level was documented by a percentage around 40% before hC Ginjection. There were no reported cases of severe or moderate OHSS, however 13 cases（26%） were reported to have mild OHSS constituting.Conclusion Acceleration of coasting in cases of OHSS through treatment with GnR HA after pituitary suppression with GnR H agonist（GnR H-a） offered a novel approach to decrease E2 level, avoided cycle cancellation, and maintain excellent oocyte maturation rate, and finally result in high pregnancy rate with prevention of OHSS.
文摘Objectives: Evaluation of outcome follicular aspiration compared to coating procedure for infertile women undergoing ICSI regarding frequency and severity of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Patients & Methods: Infertile PCOS women underwent controlled ovarian stimulation with luteal phase GnRH-agonist long down-regulation protocol. Women developed serum E2 level > 4000 pg/ml and/or >20 follicles of ≥10 mm in diameter were randomly divided to receive coasting strategy (Coasting group) or TVU-guided aspiration (Aspiration group). When ≥3 follicles were ≥18 mm and serum E2 level was and 10,000 IU was administered 36 h before oocyte retrieval, and ICSI was performed 72-hr thereafter and the frequency of moderate-to-severe OHSS was determined. Results: 82 women developed criteria for categorization and 21 women (25.6%) developed moderate-to-severe OHSS;5 women of aspiration and 16 of Coasting group;with significantly (P = 0.005) lower frequency in aspiration group. Twenty women developed ascites;3 women had clinically detectable, while 17 women had US detected ascites with significantly (P = 0.039) higher frequency among women that had coasting. All other manifestations of OHSS were significantly lower with aspiration procedure. Both coasting and aspiration therapy significantly reduced serum E2 and ovarian diameter on day of hCG injection compared to estimates taken at time of categorization. Conclusion: Coasting procedure prior to hCG injection could decrease incidence of OHSS and lessens its manifestation. Follicular aspiration provided more superior results and improved outcome of these women. Any of these modalities could be provided to infertile high-risk women according to the availability of experiences and patients’ selection.
文摘Coasting is the most popular modality for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, but this procedure has not been evaluated in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with GnRH antagonists. The impact of coasting in a cycle in which GnRH antagonist is used was evaluated in 29 women, and it was found that coasting did not deleteriously affect the outcome in high-responder patients undergoing COH with GnRH antagonists.
文摘Objective: To examine the effect of withholding gonadotropins on the outcome of embryos after cryopreservation and thawing. Design: Retrospective clinical evaluation of patients having cryopreserved-thawed ET trials with coasting during the corresponding ovarian stimulation cycle. Setting: Academic tertiary clinical care unit. Patient(s): Patients with cryopreserved embryos having coasting in their fresh IVF cycle and age-matched controls without coasting, both groups receiving the same stimulation protocol (long GnRH agonist plus recombinant FSH). Intervention(s): All patients had a cycle in which embryos were transferred fresh and a cycle of thawing of cryopreserved embryos with the aim of transferring in a steroid-supplemented cycle. Main Outcome Measure(s): Embryo survival, implantation, and clinical pregnancy rates. Result(s): Post-thawing embryo survival (66.4%vs 73%), implantation (12.3%vs 13.0%), and clinical pregnancy rates (31.5%vs 38.0%) were similar in study and control groups, respectively. Patients with coasting for ≥3 days had significantly lower post-thawing embryo survival rates compared with patients having shorter duration of coasting (< 3 days) and controls. Implantation and pregnancy rates, however, were similar in the three groups. Conclusion(s): Coasting did not seem to have a detrimental effect on oocyte and embryo quality because the implantation competence of transferred concepti after cryopreservation and thawing was similar to that of controls. However, prolonged coasting (≥3 days) had a subtle negative impact on the post-thaw survival rate.
文摘Find It What do boat captai ns try to do?W hale and dolphin watching is a popular thing to do off the coast of Hualien.*It is an amazing adventure!Imagine this:You are on a boat.Then a big whale jumps out of the water.
文摘Fragmentation entails the disruption of habitat continuity,leading to anticipated species mobility as a consequence of inter-patch connectivity.Variability in species richness and individual abundances is a natural outcome in such scenarios.Our objective was to examine the edge effect within fragmented intertidal macroalgae habitats,employing the associated epifauna as a study model.This study reveals disparities in both species richness and individual abundance within the epifauna community inhabiting intertidal macroalgae during the spring season.Samples were obtained from two distinct coastal locations characterized by fragmented habitats.This enabled us to assess the distinctions in communities impacted by the edge effect as well as spatial variations.The results indicate a trend where abundance tends to be higher in the innermost regions of the patch zone in one location,while species richness remains relatively consistent across different patch zones,i.e.,edge,near-edge,and inner areas by descriptive univariate analysis and ANOVA.Margalef richness and Simpson dominance are consistently higher from inner areas to edge,whilst Pielou evenness showed the contrasting trend,being higher from edge to inner areas.The patch effect seems to be a primary driver of differences among epifaunal communities.Additionally,spatial variations contribute significantly to the variability observed in these communities by the permutational multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA)and non-metric multidimensional scaling(n-MDS).To gain a comprehensive understanding of the edge effect,further investigations examining other substrates,different months,or additional locations are warranted.
文摘INTRODUCTION WITH HISTORICAL AND DIPLOMATIC BACKGROUND.Situated at the southern part of the Adriatic coast,Montenegro is a small country in size but is gaining importance in international economic and geopolitical affairs.Over the past decade,it has found itself balancing between the East and the West-aspiring to join the European Union(EU),while staying open to global partnerships,particularly with China.
基金the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(Grant No.2020B0301030004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42275002 and 42275006)+1 种基金the National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management of China(Grant Nos.ZDJ2024-01 and ZDJ2024-25)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2023B1212060019).
文摘Active atmospheric convection on the monsoon coast is crucial for the Earth’s climate system.In particular,the upscale convective growth(UCG)from ordinary isolated convection to organized convective system is a key process causing severe weather,but its activities on the monsoon coast are less understood because of the lack of fine-resolution datasets.For the first time,we present the climatology of UCG on a typical monsoon coast using kilometer-mesh radar data from southern China.The UCG undergoes pronounced subseasonal and diurnal variations in the early-summer rainy season.The subseasonal UCG increase is attributed to the onshore flows shifting from easterlies in April to monsoon southwesterlies in June.UCG becomes vigorous following summer monsoon onset,with hotspots near windward coastal mountains.Daytime UCG first peaks near noontime along coastal land,where onshore flows are destabilized by boundary-layer heating and mountains.Afternoon inland peaks and off-coast minimums are recognized due to land–sea thermal contrast and sea-breeze circulation.Nighttime UCG is revived at the coast by nocturnally enhanced southerlies,followed by offshore activity as the convergence of land-breeze northerlies shifts seaward.The UCG thus responds strongly to changing atmospheric conditions,land heating/cooling,and thermally driven local circulations.Our results may help clarify the predictability of monsoon coastal convection.
基金The cost of this research comes from a grant from the government of the Republic of Indonesia,through the Ministry of Education and Culture,Research and Technology with contract number:1225/UN36.11/LP2M/2024。
文摘This study aims to understand the behavior of the Bugis community in developing vernacular house models in the coastal areas of South Sulawesi Province,along with the factors influencing this behavior,such as knowledge,motivation,attitude,locus of control,commitment,concern,and income level.Bugis vernacular houses reflect local wisdom that is adapted to environmental,socio-cultural conditions,and the challenges of modernization.This correlational research was conducted in the regencies of Pangkajene and Kepulauan,Barru,and Bone,with a sample of 300 household heads.The variables analyzed include knowledge,motivation,attitude,locus of control,commitment,concern,and income level.Data were collected through knowledge tests and questionnaires and were analyzed using simple and multiple regression tech-niques.The results show that the Bugis community’s behavior in developing vernacular houses is moderate.Individually,motivation,locus of control,commitment,and concern significantly influence behavior,while knowledge,attitude,and income do not have a significant impact.However,collectively,all independent variables(knowledge,motivation,attitude,locus of control,commitment,concern,and income)affect the behavior of the Bugis community in developing vernacular houses in coastal areas.This study provides valuable insights into the environmental and social adaptations of the Bugis coastal community,as well as efforts to preserve culture through the sustainable development of vernacular houses.
文摘The Agulhas Current is a major western boundary current flowing polewards on the southeast coast of South Africa.This analysis assesses its characteristics and suitability to generate power as a source of clean renewable energy.On a section of coastline some 400 km long,over a period spanning more than 5 years an extensive set of current measurements was obtained.These data confirmed that south-westward currents with a speed greater than 1.2 m s^(-1)occurred over more than 60%of the recorded time;such ocean current speeds compare very favourably to winds required for energy generation.These currents occurred at the continental shelf break in water depths around 100 m,in the upper 50 m of the water column.Occasional current slowdowns and reversals did occur,with the major influence coming from‘Natal Pulses’,which are large-scale meanders in the Current that temporarily reversed the currents at the measurement sites.However,because of the surface temperature structure of the relevant water masses,such meanders can be identified in satellite imagery giving a few days advance warning of such current reversals.The characteristics of western boundary currents have been known for many years,but at Present,there is no operational system where this source of power is being utilised.It has tremendous potential for renewable energy generation,but is symptomatic of the many engineering challenges that still have to be solved to make such generation economically viable.
基金funded in part by the Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions(ONCE)Program,the Oceanic Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.SL2023MS019)the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography(No.JB2404)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A2034,42076242,41941013,42176039,41906045)the Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction II Program(Nos.GASI-04-HYST-06,GASI-04-HYST-01)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LDT23D06023D06)the China Government Marine Scholarship。
文摘Under the steadily intensifying human activities in coastal areas,it is crucial to distinguish the sources of organic matter(OM)in sediments for better understanding of the environmental change.In this study,25 surface sediments collected along the harbor and creeks areas off Karachi coast were used for total organic carbon(TOC),total nitrogen(TN),stable carbon(δ^(13)C)and nitrogen(δ^(15)N)isotopic compositions,phytoplankton biomarkers(brassicasterol,dinosterol and cholesterol)and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers(GDGTs)analyses,to trace the distribution of OM and identify its sources.TOC,TN,δ^(13)C,and δ^(15)N are in the range of 0.04% to 5.28%,0.01% to 0.57%,-17.55‰ to -26.31‰,and 2.83‰ to 6.04‰,respectively.C/N values range from 4.24 to 21.04.The δ^(13)C,δ^(15)N,C/N,BIT(Branched Isoprenoid Tetraether)index together with phytoplankton biomarkers show both marine and terrestrial OM input to the creeks and Harbor stations.In contrast,the stations from Western Coast indicate a marine source predominance.A clearly impact of human activities is seen from sediments near river mouths.
基金fnancially supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.18DZ1205000)Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31901099)+3 种基金Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(ECNU-YDEWS-2022)Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering,Institute of Biodiversity Science,Fudan University(2023-FDU-KF-02)Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration(SHUES2023A04)“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(2024C02002).
文摘Ongoing wind energy developments play a key role in mitigating the global effects of climate change and the energy crisis;however,they have complex ecological consequences for many flying animals.The Yellow Sea coast is considered as an ecological bottleneck for migratory waterbirds along the East Asian–Australasian flyway(EAAF),and is also an important wind farm base in China.However,the effects of large-scale onshore wind farms along the EAAF on multidimensional waterbird diversity,and how to mitigate these effects,remain unclear.Here we examined how wind farms and their surrounding landscapes affected multidimensional waterbird diversity along the Yellow Sea coast.Taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity of the waterbird assemblages,and mean pairwise distances and nearest taxon distances with null models were quantified in relation to 4 different wind turbine densities.We also measured 6 landscape variables.Multi-dimensional waterbird diversity(taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity)significantly decreased with increasing wind turbine density.Functional and phylogenetic structures tended to be clustered in waterbird communities,and environmental filtering drove waterbird community assemblages.Furthermore,waterbird diversity was regulated by a combination of wind turbine density and landscape variables,with edge density of aquaculture ponds,in addition to wind turbine density,having the greatest independent contribution to waterbird diversity.These results suggest that attempts to mitigate the impact of wind farms on waterbird diversity could involve the landscape transformation of wind farm regions,for example,by including high-edge-density aquaculture ponds(i.e.,industrial ponds)around wind farms,instead of traditional low-edge-density aquaculture ponds.
基金Geological Survey of India(Data collected as part of annual field programme of Geological Survey of India,Ministry of Mines,Government of India)。
文摘Limestone is one of the essential raw materials in the cement,paint,steel,ceramic,glass,chemical,pharmaceutical,paper,and fertilizer industries.In India,only 8%of the limestone resources are placed under the reserve category,of which 97%is of cement grade.Thus,India depends on imports to bridge the demand‐supply gap of steel,blast furnace,and chemical‐grade limestone.Efforts of Geological Survey of India(GSI)to locate alternate sources for limestone led to the discovery of enormous quantities of carbonate minerals called limemud from the continental shelf margin of the west coast of India.GSI carried out systematic studies to explore the nature of the disposition,quality,quantity,and suitability of the offshore limemud for various industrial applications.A preliminary estimate of resources using high‐resolution subbottom profiling and sediment core sample studies established the occurrence of more than 172 billion tonnes of high‐grade(The content of CaCO3 is greater than 80 wt%)limemud in 0.4–28.0m thick stratified sediment layers spread over an area of 18000 km2.Chemical,physical,mineralogical,beneficiation,and agglomeration studies found the offshore limemud as a potential replacement for limestone in the cement,filler,blast furnace,steel melting shop,lime production,paint,and Grade‐I steel industries.An assessment of mining and transportation costs indicates that the offshore limemud(USD 5–6/ton)is more cost‐effective than that imported from other countries(USD16‐18/ton).With several advantageous factors like low impurity,mode of occurrence in overburden‐free stratified form,fine‐grained slurry nature,and shallow water depth,sustainable mining of offshore limemud could be a future reality with controllable technological,economic,and environmental challenges.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Fundation (No.41901121,42276234)Open Funding of Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for Land and Marine Spatial Utilization and Governance Research (No.LHGTXT-2024-004)+1 种基金Science and Technology Major Project of Ningbo (No.2022Z181)Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection,Ministry of Natural Resources (No.2023CZEPK04)。
文摘Ecosystem services(ESs)refer to the continuous provisioning of ecosystem goods and services that benefit human beings.Over recent decades,rapid urbanization has exerted significant pressure on coastal ecosystems,resulting in biodiversity and habitat loss,environmental pollution,and the depletion of natural resources.In response to these environmental challenges,the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)were proposed.Given the pressing need to address these issues,understanding the changes in ESs under the SDGs is crucial for formulating specific ecological strategies.In this study,we first analyzed land use and cover change in the Zhejiang coasts of China during 2000–2020.Then,we investigated the spatiotemporal configuration of ESs by integrating carbon storage(CS),soil retention(SR),habitat quality(HQ)and water yield(WY)using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model.The driving mechanisms of ESs,which varied by space and time,were also explored using the Geo-detector method.The results revealed that,over the past two decades:1)the Zhejiang coasts have experienced a significant increase of 2783.72 km^(2) in built-up land areas and a continuous decrease in farmland areas due to rapid urbanization;2)owing to higher precipitation,extensive vegetation cover,and reduced anthropogenic disturbances,forests emerge as a crucial land use type for maintaining ecosystem services such as HQ,CS,WY,and SR;3)ESs have generally declined across the entire Zhejiang coasts,with a significant decrease observed in the northern areas and an increase in the southern areas spatially;4)the expansion of built-up land areas emerged as the primary factor affecting ecosystem services,while the vegetation factor has been increasingly significant and is expected to become predominant in the near future.Our study provides insights of understanding of ecosystem service theory and emphasizing the importance of preserving biodiversity for long-term sustainable development,and valuable scientific references to support the ecological management decision-making for local governments.
文摘Introduction: Human rabies is a major public health problem in many African countries, including Côte d’Ivoire. The present work aims at describing the eco-epidemiological characteristics of human rabies cases recorded in Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: This was a retrospective and prospective cross-sectional descriptive study based on epidemiological surveillance data that ran from september 2014 to december 2017. The clinical data were extracted from the database of the human rabies epidemiological surveillance management service of the National Institute of Public Hygiene’s rabies centre. These data cover the period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017. Results: Human rabies is endemic in Côte d’Ivoire, with most people exposed in the south and especially in the west of the country. There was no association between any of the climatological parameters (temperature, humidity, rainfall) and the occurrence of human rabies during the months of exposure to rabies infection. Conclusion: Ultimately, effective prevention and control of human rabies requires a thorough understanding of the links between climatological parameters and rabies. Health authorities must take ownership of these results if we are to achieve our goal of eliminating rabies by 2030.
