Phosphorus(P)is crucial for crop growth.However,in waters,P is considered as contaminant due to its role in causing eutrophication and algae blooms.Therefore,recovering P from wastewater is essential for sustainable P...Phosphorus(P)is crucial for crop growth.However,in waters,P is considered as contaminant due to its role in causing eutrophication and algae blooms.Therefore,recovering P from wastewater is essential for sustainable P management.This study investigated the removal of P from aqueous solutions using bioinspired poly(ethylenimine)-poly(acrylamideco-acrylic acid)(PEI-PAMcoAA)coacervates.In detail,we investigated various parameters affecting P removal,including the ratio of PEI to PAMcoAA(ranging from 1:2 to 3:1,stoichiometry ratio of NH_(2) to COOH),pH(5.0-8.0)of P-containing solutions,initial P concentration(0.05-5 mmol/L),and the addition of calcium(Ca,0.1-5 mmol/L).We found that increasing the PEI:PAMcoAA ratio from1:2 to 3:1 significantly enhanced P removal efficiency,increasing from 47.21%to 95.44%.Under neutral pH conditions without calcium(Ca),PEI-PAMcoAA coacervates demonstrated optimal P removal capabilities(achieving an efficiency of 77.96%)through electrostatic adsorption.In contrast,the addition of Ca under alkaline conditions markedly improved P removal efficiency,increasing it from 64.16%to 82.42%.Detailed analyses of P within the coacervates indicated that Ca facilitates P precipitation and provides additional binding sites.These findings demonstrated that PEI-(Ca)-PAMcoAA coacervates show promise for efficiently removing P,particularly at low P concentrations.After the Premoval,the immobilized P can potentially be reused directly,as P able to be released from the reacted products.Therefore,the reacted coacervates could serve as a non-toxic fertilizer.Given its simplicity,high efficiency,and environmental friendliness,P removal based on bioinspired coacervates represents a low-hanging fruit in the pursuit of sustainable P management.展开更多
Hexafluoroisopropanol(HFIP)-induced sodium dodecyl sulfate/dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide(SDS/DTAB) catanionic surfactant coacervate extraction method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was us...Hexafluoroisopropanol(HFIP)-induced sodium dodecyl sulfate/dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide(SDS/DTAB) catanionic surfactant coacervate extraction method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to detect the migration of phthalates from disposable tablewares to drinking water. The concentration factors are larger than 82 and extraction recoveries over 53% for water samples spiked with 100 or 200 ng/m L phthalates. Limit of detection is in the range of 1.0–2.6 ng/m L.Good linearity with correlation coefficients larger than 0.9985 is obtained in the concentration of20–1500 or 40–3000 ng/m L. Relative recoveries are from 82.4% to 123.6% for water samples spiked with30/60, 250/500, and 1500/3000 ng/m L phthalates, respectively. Relative standard deviations(RSDs) are0.4%–7.4% for intraday precision(n = 5) and 0.6%–7.8% for interday precision(n = 3). Four of studied phthalates are found in the drinking water samples prepared from four kinds of tablewares.展开更多
The liquid-liquid phase separation of biopolymers in living cells contains multiple interactions and occurs in a dynamic environment.Resolving the regulation mechanism is still a challenge.In this work,we designed a s...The liquid-liquid phase separation of biopolymers in living cells contains multiple interactions and occurs in a dynamic environment.Resolving the regulation mechanism is still a challenge.In this work,we designed a series of peptides(XXLY)_(6)SSSGSS and studied their complexation and coacervation behavior with single-stranded oligonucleotides.The“X”and“Y”are varied to combine known amounts of charged and non-charged amino acids,together with the introduction of secondary structures and pH responsiveness.Results show that the electrostatic interaction,which is described as charge density,controls both the strength of complexation and the degree of chain relaxation,and thus determines the growth and size of the coacervates.The hydrophobic interaction is prominent when the charges are neutralized.Interestingly,the secondary structures of peptides exhibit profound effect on the morphology of the phases,such as solid phase to liquid phase transition.Our study gains insight into the phase separation under physiological conditions.It is also helpful to create coacervates with desirable structures and functions.展开更多
Significant progress has been made in wet adhesives for low salinity water,but exploration of general ionic adhesives for natural seawater is less developed because the high salinity could weaken interfacial bonding a...Significant progress has been made in wet adhesives for low salinity water,but exploration of general ionic adhesives for natural seawater is less developed because the high salinity could weaken interfacial bonding and shields electrostatic interactions,resulting in adhesion failure.Thus,the design of adhesives for natural seawater represents challenges less resolved.Herein,a cationic polyelectrolyte(PECHIA)containing imidazolacetonitrile unit was explored to prepare adhesives enabled by natural seawater.By combining the ion shielding effect with the“cation-dipole”interactions between PECHIA chains,aqueous solution of the PECHIA underwent coacervation and self-crosslinking in natural seawater,allowing for underwater adhesion to various substrates in seawater.The instantaneous lap-shear and tensile adhesion strengths are 47 and 119 kPa,respectively,while the cured adhesive shows~739 k Pa tensile adhesion in natural seawater.The design of PECHIA enables wet adhesives viable for applications in the diversified scenarios of natural seawater.展开更多
The microstructure of CdI2 thin film grown during vapor-phase deposition was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thin film deposited on Si crystal consists of numerous sunflower-like aggregates. Th...The microstructure of CdI2 thin film grown during vapor-phase deposition was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thin film deposited on Si crystal consists of numerous sunflower-like aggregates. These aggregates display well self-assembly characteristics. The size of Sunflower-like aggregates is between 12 and 44 μm. Each sunflower-like aggregate is surrounded with many adjacent wings-'petals'. The structure of central region of the 'sunflower' is obviously difFerent from that of the 'petal'. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) was employed in determining the chemical valence of the thin film. Self-organization efFect is used to explain the coring growth process of CdI2 thin film展开更多
Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is the leading cause of respiratory failure with high morbidity and mortality.Pulmonary surfactant(PS)-based complementary therapies have exhibited poten-tial for ARDS healing ...Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is the leading cause of respiratory failure with high morbidity and mortality.Pulmonary surfactant(PS)-based complementary therapies have exhibited poten-tial for ARDS healing and applied as an adjunctive therapy strategy.Coacervate(Coac)has the character-istics of softness,deformability and excellent molecular enrichment properties,and has attracted extensive attention in the biomedical field.Here PS and coacervate were combined for the potential ARDS treatment.The Coac,fabricated from polyallylamine hydrochloride(PAH)and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)by simple mixing,exhibited soft droplet property and high enrichment for dexamethasone sodium phosphate(DSP).To avoid the fusion effect of membraneless coacervate and endow it with biological func-tions of PS,liposomes with PS-biomimetic lipid components(PS-lipo)were further introduced to construct PS-biomimetic membranized coacervate(DSP@PS-Coac).The DSP@PS-Coac demonstrated high lung targeting effect and significant penetration efficiency after intravenous injection.Furthermore,PS-lipo re-plenished the endogenous PS pool and facilitated the distribution of DSP in inflammatory cells in the lung.In the ARDS mouse model,PS-Coac and DSP exerted synergetic anti-inflammatory functions,via reducing the recruitment of inflammatory neutrophils and modulating macrophages into anti-inflammatory pheno-type.The overall results confirmed that DSP@PS-Coac may provide a promising delivery option for the treatment of ARDS.展开更多
Repositioning and securing the cranial bone flap after craniotomy remain significant challenges in neurosurgery.Traditional fixation methods often suffer from weak mechanical strength,bioinertness,limited osteogenic c...Repositioning and securing the cranial bone flap after craniotomy remain significant challenges in neurosurgery.Traditional fixation methods often suffer from weak mechanical strength,bioinertness,limited osteogenic ca-pacity,and a lack of antibacterial properties,complicating clinical outcomes.Recent medical adhesives offer superior fixation but face significant limitations in cranial bone applications.In this study,we explored the application of PAH(Poly(allylamine)hydrochloride)-TPP(Tripolyphosphate)coacervate(PT)as a bone adhe-sive.The PT coacervate demonstrated excellent anti-swelling(anti-swelling ratio less than 1%),self-healing,and injectable properties,as well as exceptional shape adaptability and cytocompatibility.Adhesion tests revealed its outstanding adhesion(99.06±11.76 kPa for lap shear and 121.42±16.73 kPa for end to end),long-term durability,and tunable adhesion strength.Furthermore,the coacervate demonstrated broad-spectrum antibac-terial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria(antibacterial rate more than 90%),with mechanistic studies revealing promising strategies to address localized and systemic drug-resistant infections.Additionally,the coacervate’s self-mineralizing properties significantly enhanced its osteogenic performance.In vivo studies confirmed its effective fixation,robust antibacterial activity,and improved osteogenesis,under-scoring its suitability for cranial bone flap repositioning and fixation after craniotomy.In summary,this coac-ervate adhesive offers a promising therapeutic solution for addressing the challenges of cranial flap fixation in neurosurgery.展开更多
Coacervate microdroplets,formed via liquid-liquid phase separation,represent a transformative platform in biomacromolecule delivery due to their unique physicochemical properties,such as ultralow interfacial tension,h...Coacervate microdroplets,formed via liquid-liquid phase separation,represent a transformative platform in biomacromolecule delivery due to their unique physicochemical properties,such as ultralow interfacial tension,high cargo capacity,and biomimetic cellular condensate-like behavior.This review systematically explored the design principles,driving forces(electrostatic,hydrophobic,and hydrogen-bond interactions)and physico-chemical properties of coacervates droplets(microstructure,ultralow interfacial tension,coalescence).We highlighted diverse coacervate materials,including natural polysaccharides,synthetic polymers,polyphenols,nucleotides,proteins/peptides and inorganic polyphosphates,alongside functionalization strategies for controlled release(e.g.,enzymatic/magnetic triggers).The advance in coacervate-derived systems,e.g.,nano-particles,microdroplets,interface-coated microdroplets,hydrogel,and biomedical devices have been discussed,emphasizing their advantages over conventional carriers.Breakthrough applications of coacervate systems in biomacromolecule or live cells delivery are further summarized in terms of sustained growth factor release for tissue regeneration,achieving cytosolic delivery with minimal toxicity,delivering probiotics to enhance gastrointestinal survival,and mimicking native extracellular matrices to deliver stem cells.Alternatively,pitfalls of coacervate systems for drug delivery,e.g.,thermodynamic instability,cargo leakage,and immunogenicity were analyzed and some potential strategies like surface lipid coating or PEGylation,have been put forward.Bridging fundamental insights with translational needs,this work outlined a roadmap for developing next-generation coacervates,emphasizing multicompartmental architectures for synthetic biology and precision therapeutics.Future directions include adaptive coacervates for personalized medicine,positioning coacervates as versatile tools for advancing regenerative medicine and targeted therapy.展开更多
Liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)induces the formation of membrane-less droplet-like compartments through the segregation of biomolecules into distinct liquid phases within a solution,without the requirement for a...Liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)induces the formation of membrane-less droplet-like compartments through the segregation of biomolecules into distinct liquid phases within a solution,without the requirement for a surrounding lipid bilayer1.These membrane-less droplet-like compartments,which arise from LLPS,possess unique properties and functions essential for cellular organization,biomolecular condensation,and cellular signaling2.展开更多
Recent progress in nanotechnology and synthetic biology has demonstrated the potential of DNA coacervates for biomimetic and biological applications.DNA coacervates are micron-scale,membrane-free,spherical structures ...Recent progress in nanotechnology and synthetic biology has demonstrated the potential of DNA coacervates for biomimetic and biological applications.DNA coacervates are micron-scale,membrane-free,spherical structures formed by liquid-liquid phase separation of DNA materials.They uniquely combine the programmability of DNA with the fluidic properties of coacervates,allowing for controlled modulation of their structures,biomimetic and biological functions,and dynamic behaviors through rational sequence design.This review summarizes methods for the formation of different DNA coacervates and explores their extensive applications in biomimicry,biosensing and therapeutics.Limitations and prospects of DNA coacervates are also discussed.展开更多
Heart disease is still the leading killer all around the world,and its incidence is expected to increase over the next decade.Previous reports have already shown the role of fibroblast growth factor10(FGF10)in allevia...Heart disease is still the leading killer all around the world,and its incidence is expected to increase over the next decade.Previous reports have already shown the role of fibroblast growth factor10(FGF10)in alleviating heart diseases.However,FGF10 has not been used to treat heart diseases because the free protein has short half-life and low bioactivity.Here,an injectable coacervate was designed to protect growth factor from degradation during delivery and the effects of the FGF10 coacervate were studied using a mice acute myocardial infarction(MI)model.As shown in our echocardiographic results,a single injection of FGF10 coacervate effectively inhibited preserved cardiac contractibility and ventricular dilation when compared with free FGF10 and the saline treatment 6 weeks after MI.It is revealed in histological results that the MI induced myocardial inflammation and fibrosis was reduced after FGF10 coacervate treatment.Furthermore,FGF10 coacervate treatment could improve arterioles and capillaries stabilization through increasing the proliferation of endothelial and mural cells.However,with the same dosage,no statistically significant difference was shown between free FGF10,heparin+FGF10 and saline treatment,especially in long term.On another hand,FGF10 coacervate also increased the expression of cardiac-associated the mRNA(cTnT,Cx43 and α-SMA),angiogenic factors(Ang-1 and VEGFA)and decreased the level of inflammatory factor(tumor necrosis factor-α).The downstream signaling of the FGF10 was also investigated,with the western blot results showing that FGF10 coacervate activated the p-FGFR,PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways to a more proper level than free FGF10 or heparin+FGF10.In general,it is revealed in this research that one-time injection of FGF10 coacervate sufficiently attenuated MI induced injury when compared with an equal dose of free FGF10 or heparin+FGF10 injection.展开更多
Protecting the skin from UV light irradiation in wet and underwater environments is challenging due to the weak adhesion of existing sunscreen materials but highly desired.Herein we report a polyethyleneimine/thioctic...Protecting the skin from UV light irradiation in wet and underwater environments is challenging due to the weak adhesion of existing sunscreen materials but highly desired.Herein we report a polyethyleneimine/thioctic acid/titanium dioxide(PEI/TA/TiO_(2))coacervate-derived hydrogel with robust,asymmetric,and reversible wet bioadhesion and effective UV-light-shielding ability.The PEI/TA/TiO_(2)complex coacervate can be easily obtained by mixing a PEI solution and TA/TiO_(2)powder.The fluid PEI/TA/TiO_(2)coacervate deposited on wet skin can spread into surface irregularities and subsequently transform into a hydrogel with increased cohesion,thereby establishing interdigitated contact and adhesion between the bottom surface and skin.Meanwhile,the functional groups between the skin and hydrogel can form physical interactions to further enhance bioadhesion,whereas the limited movement of amine and carboxyl groups on the top hydrogel surface leads to low adhesion.Therefore,the coacervate-derived hydrogel exhibits asymmetric adhesiveness on the bottom and top surfaces.Moreover,the PEI/TA/TiO_(2)hydrogel formed on the skin could be easily removed using a NaHCO3 aqueous solution without inflicting damage.More importantly,the PEI/TA/TiO_(2)hydrogel can function as an effective sunscreen to block UV light and prevent UV-induced MMP-9 overexpression,inflammation,and DNA damage in animal skin.The advantages of PEI/TA/TiO_(2)coacervate-derived hydrogels include robust,asymmetric,and reversible wet bioadhesion,effective UV light-shielding ability,excellent biocompatibility,and easy preparation and usage,making them a promising bioadhesive to protect the skin from UV light-associated damage in wet and underwater environments.展开更多
Low-molecular weight surfactants have significant potential as building blocks for prebiotic organization.However,reports about surfactant-based coacervates as protocell models capable of reversible transformation are...Low-molecular weight surfactants have significant potential as building blocks for prebiotic organization.However,reports about surfactant-based coacervates as protocell models capable of reversible transformation are scarce.Herein,we develop a simple system made of a surfactant(-)-N-dodecylN-methylephedrinium bromide(DMEB)and inorganic salts that is capable of spontaneous formation of vesicles,coacervates,and the reversible transformation between the two states.展开更多
Many functional coacervates have been identified in biological systems,which have attracted widespread interest.Coacervation is a liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)process in which a macromolecule-enriched liquid p...Many functional coacervates have been identified in biological systems,which have attracted widespread interest.Coacervation is a liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)process in which a macromolecule-enriched liquid phase is formed together with a macromolecule-depleted phase.Bio-inspired coacervates possess excellent features such as underwater delivery,low interface energy,shear thinning,and excellent biocompatibility.They also serve as good delivery platforms for different types of molecules.In this review,we briefly discuss some important extracellular coacervate systems,including mussel adhesives,sandcastle worm glue,squid beak,and tropoelastin.We then provide an overview of the recent development of bio-inspired functional coacervates for various biomedical applications,including medical adhesives,drug delivery,and tissue engineering.Bio-inspired functional coacervates offer a promising material platform for developing new materials for biomedical applications.展开更多
Controlled delivery of proteins and other biologics is a growing medium of therapy for diseases previously untreatable.Here we report a self-assembling,tunable vesicle for the controlled delivery of growth factors and...Controlled delivery of proteins and other biologics is a growing medium of therapy for diseases previously untreatable.Here we report a self-assembling,tunable vesicle for the controlled delivery of growth factors and cytokines.Coacervate made of heparin and a biocompatible polycation,PEAD,forms the core of the vesicle;lipids form the membrane of the vesicle.We call this vesicle lipocoacervate(LipCo),which has a high affinity for growth factors and cytokines due to heparin.LipCo is a tunable protein delivery vehicle.The vesicle size is controlled through polymer and salt concentrations.Membrane functionalization enables potential for targeting capabilities with long-term storage through lyophilization.Importantly,the controlled delivery of therapeutics also avoids high toxicity to treated cells in vitro.Here we report on these key principles of LipCo assembly and design.展开更多
Developing an oral in situ-forming hydrogel that targets the inflamed intestine to suppress bleeding ulcers and alleviate intestinal inflammation is crucial for effectively treating ulcerative colitis(UC).Here,inspire...Developing an oral in situ-forming hydrogel that targets the inflamed intestine to suppress bleeding ulcers and alleviate intestinal inflammation is crucial for effectively treating ulcerative colitis(UC).Here,inspired by sandcastle worm adhesives,we proposed a water-immiscible coacervate(EMNs-gel)with a programmed coacervate-to-hydrogel transition at inflammatory sites composed of dopa-rich silk fibroin matrix containing embedded inflammation-responsive core-shell nanoparticles.Driven by intestinal peristalsis,the EMNs-gel can be actuated forward and immediately transform into a hydrogel once contacting with the inflamed intestine to yield strong tissue adhesion,resulting from matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)-triggered release of Fe3+from embedded nanoparticles and rearrangement of polymer network of EMNs-gel on inflamed intestine surfaces.Extensive in vitro experiments and in vivo UC models confirmed the preferential hydrogelation behavior of EMNs-gel to inflamed intestine surfaces,achieving highly effective hemostasis,and displaying an extended residence time(48 h).This innovative EMNs-gel provides a non-invasive solution that accurately suppresses severe bleeding and improves intestinal homeostasis in UC,showcasing great potential for clinical applications.展开更多
The precipitate and the coacervate are two aggregated states in the polyelectrolyte complexes(PECs).The precipitate-to-coacervate transition and glass transition in PECs have been widely reported in the past.In many c...The precipitate and the coacervate are two aggregated states in the polyelectrolyte complexes(PECs).The precipitate-to-coacervate transition and glass transition in PECs have been widely reported in the past.In many cases,the two phenomena are studied independently,although both of them are apparently affected by water and small ions.Here,utilizing a PEC system consisting of poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)and a cationic bolaamphiphile(DBON),we explore the states of PECs as a function of salt,temperature,and the molecular weight of PAAs.By a combination of microscopic observation,time-resolved fluorescence measurements,and differential scanning calorimetry,we identify salt/temperature driven precipitate-to-coacervate transitions of the complexes.The thermally induced morphology transformation from the precipitate to coacervate occurs around the glass transition temperature,indicating a strong correlation between the two processes.As the molecular weight of the PAA increases,the thermal transition temperature becomes higher.This finding offers new insights on the mechanistic interactions that dictate the aggregated states of PECs.Based on the photothermal effect of DBON,we also develop a UV light-induced strategy to mediate the precipitate-to-coacervate transition,providing a fantastic platform to create functional PEC materials.展开更多
Engineering hydrogels that resemble biological tissues of various lengths via conventional fabrication techniques remains challenging.Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting has emerged as an advanced approach for constructi...Engineering hydrogels that resemble biological tissues of various lengths via conventional fabrication techniques remains challenging.Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting has emerged as an advanced approach for constructing complex biomimetic 3D architectures,which are currently restricted by the limited number of available bioinks with high printability,biomimicry,biocompatibility,and proper mechanical properties.Inspired by ubiquitous coacervation phenomena in biology,we present a unique mineral-biopolymer coacervation strategy that enables the hierarchical assembly of nanoclay and recombinant human collagen(RHC).This system was observed to undergo a coacervation transition(liquid‒liquid phase separation)spontaneously.The formed dense phase separated from its supernatant is the coacervate of clay-RHC-rich complexes,where polymer chains are sandwiched between silicate layers.Molecular dynamics simulation was first used to verify and explore the coacervation process.Then,the coacervates were demonstrated to be potential bioinks that exhibited excellent self-supporting and shear-thinning viscoelastic properties.Through extrusion-based printing,the versatility of the bioink was demonstrated by reconstructing the key features of several biological tissues,including multilayered lattice,vascular,nose,and ear-like structures,without the need for precrosslinking operations or support baths.Furthermore,the printed scaffolds were cytocompatible,elicited minimal inflammatory responses,and promoted bone regeneration in calvarial defects.展开更多
Oral ulcers are a common ulcerative injury that occurs in the oral mucosa.When occurring,they can cause mucosal pain and affect eating and communication.The oral cavity,characterized by its moist environment and const...Oral ulcers are a common ulcerative injury that occurs in the oral mucosa.When occurring,they can cause mucosal pain and affect eating and communication.The oral cavity,characterized by its moist environment and constant movement of the lips and tongue,presents challenges for conventional drug delivery systems due to its suboptimal adhesion.Therefore,there is a need for the development of adhesive materials specifically designed for use within the oral cavity.In this research,a sticky coacervate incorporating tea polyphenols(TP)was formulated based on the adhesive properties observed in sandcastle worms.The coacervate is composed of Pluronic F68(F68)and TP,synthesized through the coacervation reaction.The F68-TP coacervates are attached to porcine skin easily.It also reduces bacterial viability and has the ability to clear reactive oxygen species.In animal ulcer models,these coacervates demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects and enhance collagen and muscle fiber synthesis.Overall,these adhesive coacervates with antioxidative and antibacterial properties hold potential as a therapeutic option for oral ulcers in the oral cavity.展开更多
Using sodium laureth sulfate(AES)as reference,the effects of different pH values on the foam properties of four amino acid surfactants(sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,lauroyl alanine,disodium cocoyl glutamate,sodium methyl...Using sodium laureth sulfate(AES)as reference,the effects of different pH values on the foam properties of four amino acid surfactants(sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,lauroyl alanine,disodium cocoyl glutamate,sodium methyl cocoyl taurate)were compared.On the basis,the effects of amino acid surfactants on foam performance,flocculation behavior,hair color protection efficacy and sebum removal capacity were studied when AES was completely or partially replaced by amino acid surfactant,and the correlation between the structure of amino acid surfactant and these properties was discussed.Compared with AES,the foam performance of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,lauroyl alanine and disodium cocoyl glutamate were significantly affected by pH value,and sodium methyl cocoyl taurate was less affected.The foam stability of shampoo system can be enhanced by the combination of amino acid surfactant,and the foam performance of shampoo system can be significantly improved by the combination of sodium methyl cocoyl taurate.All the four amino acid surfactants can prolong the flocculation time of shampoo,and the effect of disodium cocoyl glutamate was the most obvious.The hair color protection efficacy of disodium cocoyl glutamate and sodium methyl cocoyl taurate were better than AES.The degreasing power of disodium cocoyl glutamate was weaker than that of AES,and the degreasing power of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,lauroyl alanine and sodium methyl cocoyl taurate were stronger than that of AES.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFD1900602 and 2023YFD1900605)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.SWU-KR24036)the Visiting Training Funds for Teachers from Ordinary Undergraduate Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province.
文摘Phosphorus(P)is crucial for crop growth.However,in waters,P is considered as contaminant due to its role in causing eutrophication and algae blooms.Therefore,recovering P from wastewater is essential for sustainable P management.This study investigated the removal of P from aqueous solutions using bioinspired poly(ethylenimine)-poly(acrylamideco-acrylic acid)(PEI-PAMcoAA)coacervates.In detail,we investigated various parameters affecting P removal,including the ratio of PEI to PAMcoAA(ranging from 1:2 to 3:1,stoichiometry ratio of NH_(2) to COOH),pH(5.0-8.0)of P-containing solutions,initial P concentration(0.05-5 mmol/L),and the addition of calcium(Ca,0.1-5 mmol/L).We found that increasing the PEI:PAMcoAA ratio from1:2 to 3:1 significantly enhanced P removal efficiency,increasing from 47.21%to 95.44%.Under neutral pH conditions without calcium(Ca),PEI-PAMcoAA coacervates demonstrated optimal P removal capabilities(achieving an efficiency of 77.96%)through electrostatic adsorption.In contrast,the addition of Ca under alkaline conditions markedly improved P removal efficiency,increasing it from 64.16%to 82.42%.Detailed analyses of P within the coacervates indicated that Ca facilitates P precipitation and provides additional binding sites.These findings demonstrated that PEI-(Ca)-PAMcoAA coacervates show promise for efficiently removing P,particularly at low P concentrations.After the Premoval,the immobilized P can potentially be reused directly,as P able to be released from the reacted products.Therefore,the reacted coacervates could serve as a non-toxic fertilizer.Given its simplicity,high efficiency,and environmental friendliness,P removal based on bioinspired coacervates represents a low-hanging fruit in the pursuit of sustainable P management.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.81373045)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hubei of China(Grant no.2015CFA139)
文摘Hexafluoroisopropanol(HFIP)-induced sodium dodecyl sulfate/dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide(SDS/DTAB) catanionic surfactant coacervate extraction method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to detect the migration of phthalates from disposable tablewares to drinking water. The concentration factors are larger than 82 and extraction recoveries over 53% for water samples spiked with 100 or 200 ng/m L phthalates. Limit of detection is in the range of 1.0–2.6 ng/m L.Good linearity with correlation coefficients larger than 0.9985 is obtained in the concentration of20–1500 or 40–3000 ng/m L. Relative recoveries are from 82.4% to 123.6% for water samples spiked with30/60, 250/500, and 1500/3000 ng/m L phthalates, respectively. Relative standard deviations(RSDs) are0.4%–7.4% for intraday precision(n = 5) and 0.6%–7.8% for interday precision(n = 3). Four of studied phthalates are found in the drinking water samples prepared from four kinds of tablewares.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21973002).
文摘The liquid-liquid phase separation of biopolymers in living cells contains multiple interactions and occurs in a dynamic environment.Resolving the regulation mechanism is still a challenge.In this work,we designed a series of peptides(XXLY)_(6)SSSGSS and studied their complexation and coacervation behavior with single-stranded oligonucleotides.The“X”and“Y”are varied to combine known amounts of charged and non-charged amino acids,together with the introduction of secondary structures and pH responsiveness.Results show that the electrostatic interaction,which is described as charge density,controls both the strength of complexation and the degree of chain relaxation,and thus determines the growth and size of the coacervates.The hydrophobic interaction is prominent when the charges are neutralized.Interestingly,the secondary structures of peptides exhibit profound effect on the morphology of the phases,such as solid phase to liquid phase transition.Our study gains insight into the phase separation under physiological conditions.It is also helpful to create coacervates with desirable structures and functions.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3805103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22178139)。
文摘Significant progress has been made in wet adhesives for low salinity water,but exploration of general ionic adhesives for natural seawater is less developed because the high salinity could weaken interfacial bonding and shields electrostatic interactions,resulting in adhesion failure.Thus,the design of adhesives for natural seawater represents challenges less resolved.Herein,a cationic polyelectrolyte(PECHIA)containing imidazolacetonitrile unit was explored to prepare adhesives enabled by natural seawater.By combining the ion shielding effect with the“cation-dipole”interactions between PECHIA chains,aqueous solution of the PECHIA underwent coacervation and self-crosslinking in natural seawater,allowing for underwater adhesion to various substrates in seawater.The instantaneous lap-shear and tensile adhesion strengths are 47 and 119 kPa,respectively,while the cured adhesive shows~739 k Pa tensile adhesion in natural seawater.The design of PECHIA enables wet adhesives viable for applications in the diversified scenarios of natural seawater.
文摘The microstructure of CdI2 thin film grown during vapor-phase deposition was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thin film deposited on Si crystal consists of numerous sunflower-like aggregates. These aggregates display well self-assembly characteristics. The size of Sunflower-like aggregates is between 12 and 44 μm. Each sunflower-like aggregate is surrounded with many adjacent wings-'petals'. The structure of central region of the 'sunflower' is obviously difFerent from that of the 'petal'. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) was employed in determining the chemical valence of the thin film. Self-organization efFect is used to explain the coring growth process of CdI2 thin film
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Nos.8237131246 and 32271454)the Program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team(2018QYTD13)+1 种基金Wuhan Science and Technology Plan(2022023702025187,China)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2024AFB582,China).
文摘Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is the leading cause of respiratory failure with high morbidity and mortality.Pulmonary surfactant(PS)-based complementary therapies have exhibited poten-tial for ARDS healing and applied as an adjunctive therapy strategy.Coacervate(Coac)has the character-istics of softness,deformability and excellent molecular enrichment properties,and has attracted extensive attention in the biomedical field.Here PS and coacervate were combined for the potential ARDS treatment.The Coac,fabricated from polyallylamine hydrochloride(PAH)and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)by simple mixing,exhibited soft droplet property and high enrichment for dexamethasone sodium phosphate(DSP).To avoid the fusion effect of membraneless coacervate and endow it with biological func-tions of PS,liposomes with PS-biomimetic lipid components(PS-lipo)were further introduced to construct PS-biomimetic membranized coacervate(DSP@PS-Coac).The DSP@PS-Coac demonstrated high lung targeting effect and significant penetration efficiency after intravenous injection.Furthermore,PS-lipo re-plenished the endogenous PS pool and facilitated the distribution of DSP in inflammatory cells in the lung.In the ARDS mouse model,PS-Coac and DSP exerted synergetic anti-inflammatory functions,via reducing the recruitment of inflammatory neutrophils and modulating macrophages into anti-inflammatory pheno-type.The overall results confirmed that DSP@PS-Coac may provide a promising delivery option for the treatment of ARDS.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB3810200,2023YFB3810201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(81925027,32271421)+2 种基金International Cooperation Project of Ningbo City,China(No.2023H013)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education In-stitutions,and Major Special Projects of Science and Technology Plan of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(2022A03011)MJL thanks the Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia,Serbia(Contract No:451-03-66/2024-03/200017).
文摘Repositioning and securing the cranial bone flap after craniotomy remain significant challenges in neurosurgery.Traditional fixation methods often suffer from weak mechanical strength,bioinertness,limited osteogenic ca-pacity,and a lack of antibacterial properties,complicating clinical outcomes.Recent medical adhesives offer superior fixation but face significant limitations in cranial bone applications.In this study,we explored the application of PAH(Poly(allylamine)hydrochloride)-TPP(Tripolyphosphate)coacervate(PT)as a bone adhe-sive.The PT coacervate demonstrated excellent anti-swelling(anti-swelling ratio less than 1%),self-healing,and injectable properties,as well as exceptional shape adaptability and cytocompatibility.Adhesion tests revealed its outstanding adhesion(99.06±11.76 kPa for lap shear and 121.42±16.73 kPa for end to end),long-term durability,and tunable adhesion strength.Furthermore,the coacervate demonstrated broad-spectrum antibac-terial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria(antibacterial rate more than 90%),with mechanistic studies revealing promising strategies to address localized and systemic drug-resistant infections.Additionally,the coacervate’s self-mineralizing properties significantly enhanced its osteogenic performance.In vivo studies confirmed its effective fixation,robust antibacterial activity,and improved osteogenesis,under-scoring its suitability for cranial bone flap repositioning and fixation after craniotomy.In summary,this coac-ervate adhesive offers a promising therapeutic solution for addressing the challenges of cranial flap fixation in neurosurgery.
基金supported by Wenzhou Scientific and Technolog-ical innovation project(Grant No.ZY2022025)Zhejiang Provincial Foundation for Health Department(Grant No.2024KY1236)Key Lab-oratory of Novel Nuclide Technologies on Precision Diagnosis and Treatment&Clinical Transformation of Wenzhou City(grant number:2023HZSY0012,director:Yunjun Yang).
文摘Coacervate microdroplets,formed via liquid-liquid phase separation,represent a transformative platform in biomacromolecule delivery due to their unique physicochemical properties,such as ultralow interfacial tension,high cargo capacity,and biomimetic cellular condensate-like behavior.This review systematically explored the design principles,driving forces(electrostatic,hydrophobic,and hydrogen-bond interactions)and physico-chemical properties of coacervates droplets(microstructure,ultralow interfacial tension,coalescence).We highlighted diverse coacervate materials,including natural polysaccharides,synthetic polymers,polyphenols,nucleotides,proteins/peptides and inorganic polyphosphates,alongside functionalization strategies for controlled release(e.g.,enzymatic/magnetic triggers).The advance in coacervate-derived systems,e.g.,nano-particles,microdroplets,interface-coated microdroplets,hydrogel,and biomedical devices have been discussed,emphasizing their advantages over conventional carriers.Breakthrough applications of coacervate systems in biomacromolecule or live cells delivery are further summarized in terms of sustained growth factor release for tissue regeneration,achieving cytosolic delivery with minimal toxicity,delivering probiotics to enhance gastrointestinal survival,and mimicking native extracellular matrices to deliver stem cells.Alternatively,pitfalls of coacervate systems for drug delivery,e.g.,thermodynamic instability,cargo leakage,and immunogenicity were analyzed and some potential strategies like surface lipid coating or PEGylation,have been put forward.Bridging fundamental insights with translational needs,this work outlined a roadmap for developing next-generation coacervates,emphasizing multicompartmental architectures for synthetic biology and precision therapeutics.Future directions include adaptive coacervates for personalized medicine,positioning coacervates as versatile tools for advancing regenerative medicine and targeted therapy.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.82073286)State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development(No.SKLSIM-F202418,China).
文摘Liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)induces the formation of membrane-less droplet-like compartments through the segregation of biomolecules into distinct liquid phases within a solution,without the requirement for a surrounding lipid bilayer1.These membrane-less droplet-like compartments,which arise from LLPS,possess unique properties and functions essential for cellular organization,biomolecular condensation,and cellular signaling2.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project,China(No.2020YFA0909000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22107027)+4 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2024RC3099)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2023JJ20003)the Scientific Research Program of Furong Laboratory,China(No.2023SK2088)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515220118)the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate,China(No.CX20230409).
文摘Recent progress in nanotechnology and synthetic biology has demonstrated the potential of DNA coacervates for biomimetic and biological applications.DNA coacervates are micron-scale,membrane-free,spherical structures formed by liquid-liquid phase separation of DNA materials.They uniquely combine the programmability of DNA with the fluidic properties of coacervates,allowing for controlled modulation of their structures,biomimetic and biological functions,and dynamic behaviors through rational sequence design.This review summarizes methods for the formation of different DNA coacervates and explores their extensive applications in biomimicry,biosensing and therapeutics.Limitations and prospects of DNA coacervates are also discussed.
基金This work was supported by grants from Advanced Postdoctoral Programs of Zhejiang(zj2019030)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M662015)+1 种基金Research Unit of Research and Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases,Chinese Academy of Medical Science(No.2019RU010 to X.L.)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-028),China.
文摘Heart disease is still the leading killer all around the world,and its incidence is expected to increase over the next decade.Previous reports have already shown the role of fibroblast growth factor10(FGF10)in alleviating heart diseases.However,FGF10 has not been used to treat heart diseases because the free protein has short half-life and low bioactivity.Here,an injectable coacervate was designed to protect growth factor from degradation during delivery and the effects of the FGF10 coacervate were studied using a mice acute myocardial infarction(MI)model.As shown in our echocardiographic results,a single injection of FGF10 coacervate effectively inhibited preserved cardiac contractibility and ventricular dilation when compared with free FGF10 and the saline treatment 6 weeks after MI.It is revealed in histological results that the MI induced myocardial inflammation and fibrosis was reduced after FGF10 coacervate treatment.Furthermore,FGF10 coacervate treatment could improve arterioles and capillaries stabilization through increasing the proliferation of endothelial and mural cells.However,with the same dosage,no statistically significant difference was shown between free FGF10,heparin+FGF10 and saline treatment,especially in long term.On another hand,FGF10 coacervate also increased the expression of cardiac-associated the mRNA(cTnT,Cx43 and α-SMA),angiogenic factors(Ang-1 and VEGFA)and decreased the level of inflammatory factor(tumor necrosis factor-α).The downstream signaling of the FGF10 was also investigated,with the western blot results showing that FGF10 coacervate activated the p-FGFR,PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways to a more proper level than free FGF10 or heparin+FGF10.In general,it is revealed in this research that one-time injection of FGF10 coacervate sufficiently attenuated MI induced injury when compared with an equal dose of free FGF10 or heparin+FGF10 injection.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFB3804403)the Collaborative Research Fund from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(Project No.C5044-21G)+1 种基金the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region(project no.GRF/14202920,GRF/14204618,GRF/14108720,T13-402/17-N and AoE/M-402/20)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22205264).
文摘Protecting the skin from UV light irradiation in wet and underwater environments is challenging due to the weak adhesion of existing sunscreen materials but highly desired.Herein we report a polyethyleneimine/thioctic acid/titanium dioxide(PEI/TA/TiO_(2))coacervate-derived hydrogel with robust,asymmetric,and reversible wet bioadhesion and effective UV-light-shielding ability.The PEI/TA/TiO_(2)complex coacervate can be easily obtained by mixing a PEI solution and TA/TiO_(2)powder.The fluid PEI/TA/TiO_(2)coacervate deposited on wet skin can spread into surface irregularities and subsequently transform into a hydrogel with increased cohesion,thereby establishing interdigitated contact and adhesion between the bottom surface and skin.Meanwhile,the functional groups between the skin and hydrogel can form physical interactions to further enhance bioadhesion,whereas the limited movement of amine and carboxyl groups on the top hydrogel surface leads to low adhesion.Therefore,the coacervate-derived hydrogel exhibits asymmetric adhesiveness on the bottom and top surfaces.Moreover,the PEI/TA/TiO_(2)hydrogel formed on the skin could be easily removed using a NaHCO3 aqueous solution without inflicting damage.More importantly,the PEI/TA/TiO_(2)hydrogel can function as an effective sunscreen to block UV light and prevent UV-induced MMP-9 overexpression,inflammation,and DNA damage in animal skin.The advantages of PEI/TA/TiO_(2)coacervate-derived hydrogels include robust,asymmetric,and reversible wet bioadhesion,effective UV light-shielding ability,excellent biocompatibility,and easy preparation and usage,making them a promising bioadhesive to protect the skin from UV light-associated damage in wet and underwater environments.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.21972149,21988102,21811530002,21633002,and 21761142007).
文摘Low-molecular weight surfactants have significant potential as building blocks for prebiotic organization.However,reports about surfactant-based coacervates as protocell models capable of reversible transformation are scarce.Herein,we develop a simple system made of a surfactant(-)-N-dodecylN-methylephedrinium bromide(DMEB)and inorganic salts that is capable of spontaneous formation of vesicles,coacervates,and the reversible transformation between the two states.
基金Singapore National Research Fellowship,Grant/Award Number:NRF-NRFF11-2019-0004Singapore Ministry of Education,Grant/Award Number:MOE-T2EP30220-0006。
文摘Many functional coacervates have been identified in biological systems,which have attracted widespread interest.Coacervation is a liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)process in which a macromolecule-enriched liquid phase is formed together with a macromolecule-depleted phase.Bio-inspired coacervates possess excellent features such as underwater delivery,low interface energy,shear thinning,and excellent biocompatibility.They also serve as good delivery platforms for different types of molecules.In this review,we briefly discuss some important extracellular coacervate systems,including mussel adhesives,sandcastle worm glue,squid beak,and tropoelastin.We then provide an overview of the recent development of bio-inspired functional coacervates for various biomedical applications,including medical adhesives,drug delivery,and tissue engineering.Bio-inspired functional coacervates offer a promising material platform for developing new materials for biomedical applications.
文摘Controlled delivery of proteins and other biologics is a growing medium of therapy for diseases previously untreatable.Here we report a self-assembling,tunable vesicle for the controlled delivery of growth factors and cytokines.Coacervate made of heparin and a biocompatible polycation,PEAD,forms the core of the vesicle;lipids form the membrane of the vesicle.We call this vesicle lipocoacervate(LipCo),which has a high affinity for growth factors and cytokines due to heparin.LipCo is a tunable protein delivery vehicle.The vesicle size is controlled through polymer and salt concentrations.Membrane functionalization enables potential for targeting capabilities with long-term storage through lyophilization.Importantly,the controlled delivery of therapeutics also avoids high toxicity to treated cells in vitro.Here we report on these key principles of LipCo assembly and design.
基金Chongqing Postdoctoral International Exchange Training Program(7820100997)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(Nos.SWU-XDPY22010)+2 种基金National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202310635114)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81703424)Chongqing Graduate Student Research Innovation Project(CYB21121).
文摘Developing an oral in situ-forming hydrogel that targets the inflamed intestine to suppress bleeding ulcers and alleviate intestinal inflammation is crucial for effectively treating ulcerative colitis(UC).Here,inspired by sandcastle worm adhesives,we proposed a water-immiscible coacervate(EMNs-gel)with a programmed coacervate-to-hydrogel transition at inflammatory sites composed of dopa-rich silk fibroin matrix containing embedded inflammation-responsive core-shell nanoparticles.Driven by intestinal peristalsis,the EMNs-gel can be actuated forward and immediately transform into a hydrogel once contacting with the inflamed intestine to yield strong tissue adhesion,resulting from matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)-triggered release of Fe3+from embedded nanoparticles and rearrangement of polymer network of EMNs-gel on inflamed intestine surfaces.Extensive in vitro experiments and in vivo UC models confirmed the preferential hydrogelation behavior of EMNs-gel to inflamed intestine surfaces,achieving highly effective hemostasis,and displaying an extended residence time(48 h).This innovative EMNs-gel provides a non-invasive solution that accurately suppresses severe bleeding and improves intestinal homeostasis in UC,showcasing great potential for clinical applications.
基金State Key Research Development Programme of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFB3800702National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:21902073+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee,Grant/Award Number:JSGG20210629144802007Post-Doctoral Later-Stage Foundation Project of Shenzhen Polytechnic,Grant/Award Number:6021271003K。
文摘The precipitate and the coacervate are two aggregated states in the polyelectrolyte complexes(PECs).The precipitate-to-coacervate transition and glass transition in PECs have been widely reported in the past.In many cases,the two phenomena are studied independently,although both of them are apparently affected by water and small ions.Here,utilizing a PEC system consisting of poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)and a cationic bolaamphiphile(DBON),we explore the states of PECs as a function of salt,temperature,and the molecular weight of PAAs.By a combination of microscopic observation,time-resolved fluorescence measurements,and differential scanning calorimetry,we identify salt/temperature driven precipitate-to-coacervate transitions of the complexes.The thermally induced morphology transformation from the precipitate to coacervate occurs around the glass transition temperature,indicating a strong correlation between the two processes.As the molecular weight of the PAA increases,the thermal transition temperature becomes higher.This finding offers new insights on the mechanistic interactions that dictate the aggregated states of PECs.Based on the photothermal effect of DBON,we also develop a UV light-induced strategy to mediate the precipitate-to-coacervate transition,providing a fantastic platform to create functional PEC materials.
基金the projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32301209)Key R&D Projects of Henan Province(Nos.231111312400 and 241111220400).
文摘Engineering hydrogels that resemble biological tissues of various lengths via conventional fabrication techniques remains challenging.Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting has emerged as an advanced approach for constructing complex biomimetic 3D architectures,which are currently restricted by the limited number of available bioinks with high printability,biomimicry,biocompatibility,and proper mechanical properties.Inspired by ubiquitous coacervation phenomena in biology,we present a unique mineral-biopolymer coacervation strategy that enables the hierarchical assembly of nanoclay and recombinant human collagen(RHC).This system was observed to undergo a coacervation transition(liquid‒liquid phase separation)spontaneously.The formed dense phase separated from its supernatant is the coacervate of clay-RHC-rich complexes,where polymer chains are sandwiched between silicate layers.Molecular dynamics simulation was first used to verify and explore the coacervation process.Then,the coacervates were demonstrated to be potential bioinks that exhibited excellent self-supporting and shear-thinning viscoelastic properties.Through extrusion-based printing,the versatility of the bioink was demonstrated by reconstructing the key features of several biological tissues,including multilayered lattice,vascular,nose,and ear-like structures,without the need for precrosslinking operations or support baths.Furthermore,the printed scaffolds were cytocompatible,elicited minimal inflammatory responses,and promoted bone regeneration in calvarial defects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(No.32271468)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2021JDTD0001)+2 种基金1·3·5 Project for disciplines of excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(No.ZYYC23005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2022SCU12046)Innovation Research Project of Sichuan University(No.2022SCUH0046).
文摘Oral ulcers are a common ulcerative injury that occurs in the oral mucosa.When occurring,they can cause mucosal pain and affect eating and communication.The oral cavity,characterized by its moist environment and constant movement of the lips and tongue,presents challenges for conventional drug delivery systems due to its suboptimal adhesion.Therefore,there is a need for the development of adhesive materials specifically designed for use within the oral cavity.In this research,a sticky coacervate incorporating tea polyphenols(TP)was formulated based on the adhesive properties observed in sandcastle worms.The coacervate is composed of Pluronic F68(F68)and TP,synthesized through the coacervation reaction.The F68-TP coacervates are attached to porcine skin easily.It also reduces bacterial viability and has the ability to clear reactive oxygen species.In animal ulcer models,these coacervates demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects and enhance collagen and muscle fiber synthesis.Overall,these adhesive coacervates with antioxidative and antibacterial properties hold potential as a therapeutic option for oral ulcers in the oral cavity.
文摘Using sodium laureth sulfate(AES)as reference,the effects of different pH values on the foam properties of four amino acid surfactants(sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,lauroyl alanine,disodium cocoyl glutamate,sodium methyl cocoyl taurate)were compared.On the basis,the effects of amino acid surfactants on foam performance,flocculation behavior,hair color protection efficacy and sebum removal capacity were studied when AES was completely or partially replaced by amino acid surfactant,and the correlation between the structure of amino acid surfactant and these properties was discussed.Compared with AES,the foam performance of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,lauroyl alanine and disodium cocoyl glutamate were significantly affected by pH value,and sodium methyl cocoyl taurate was less affected.The foam stability of shampoo system can be enhanced by the combination of amino acid surfactant,and the foam performance of shampoo system can be significantly improved by the combination of sodium methyl cocoyl taurate.All the four amino acid surfactants can prolong the flocculation time of shampoo,and the effect of disodium cocoyl glutamate was the most obvious.The hair color protection efficacy of disodium cocoyl glutamate and sodium methyl cocoyl taurate were better than AES.The degreasing power of disodium cocoyl glutamate was weaker than that of AES,and the degreasing power of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,lauroyl alanine and sodium methyl cocoyl taurate were stronger than that of AES.
